(Ebt  H,  ;M.  ^ill  Ifiihrnvii 


'384-05 

TQ 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  DATE 
INDICATED  BELOW  AND  IS  SUB- 
JECT TO  AN  OVERDUE  FINE  AS 
POSTED  AT  THE  CIRCULATION 
DESK. 


m  1  4  1984 

JAN  0  7  1991 

JUL  1      ^^* 

JUL  2  8t994 

'"'U-^ 

^ 


m 


CYCLOPEDIA 


I 


-^F 


Practical  Floriculture, 


EDITED  BY 


NlRS.  C.  H.  TURNER. 


NEW  YORK: 

TOWNSEND  MAC  COUN. 

18S4. 


:>F 


^ 


'%:^f^ 


HE    love    of    flowers    having    become    so    nearly 


universal,  it  seems  almost  superfluous  for  an 
author  to  attempt  any  explanation  in  placing 
a  work  at  all  pertaining  to  the  subject  before 
the  publfc,  as  every  work,  either  elaborate  or 
iple,  must  awaken  a  response  in  some  heart 
where  nature  has  placed  her  shrine.  To  those 
endowed  with  keen  perceptions,  the  magnifi- 
cent, intricate  and  wonderful  handiwork  of  the  All-wise  is  daily  mani- 
fested, and  always  new,   in  the  infinite  variet}-   of  the  floral  world. 

A  number  of  years  ago,  the  writer,  being  interested  in  the  mytho- 
logical legends  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  was  frequently  struck  with 
the  number  of  fabled  gods  and  goddesses,  and  the  various  rural  nymphs 
who  attended  them,  that  were  transformed  into  a  tree,  shrub  or  flower, 
either  to  mitigate  some  sorrow,  gratify  revenge,  or  as  a  punishment  for 
some  breach  of  the  laws  supposed  to  govern  the  deities  of  that  time. 

Having  made  numerous  memoranda  of  such  legends,  the  love  of 
flowers  was  sufficient  to  interest  one  in  the  general  history  of  plants, 
their  nativity,  uses,  the  chief  events  in  the  history  of  each  species,  its 
cultivation   and   introduction    into   America.     The  "  Floral    Kingdom  " 


^ 


OOt^/IQ 


PREFACE. 

is  the  mature  outgrowth  of  such  notes.  In  order  to  make  the  book 
pleasing  to  the  general  reader,  it  has  been  the  endea^•or  to  exckide  all 
technical  terms  pertaining  to  the  science  ot"  botany,  except  the  mere 
classitication  of  plants  into  families  to  show  the  relation  of  one  plant  to 
another. 

This  arrangement  has  been  made  according  to  what  is  called  the 
Natural  S\stem,  it  being  the  one  most  in  use  in  the  various  books  on 
botan}-,  as  more  philosophical  than  the   Linna.'an  System. 

The  sentiment  or  language  assigned  to  each  flower  has  been  the 
result  of  an  extended  search  through  \-arious  works  both  ancient  and 
modern,  the  most  ancient  being  the  richest,  however,  in  material  and  in 
poetic  ideas.  The  sentiments  attached  to  flowers  originating  in  the  imag- 
inative minds  of  the  people,  ser\ed  as  a  means  of  communication  at  a 
time  when  the  art  of  writing  was  known  onl}-  to  the  few,  these  being 
mostly  learned  men  and  professional  scribes.  As  the  well  known  disa- 
greements of  authors  in  attributing  diflerent  languages  to  the  same 
plant  often  make  it  difficult  to  determine  which  to  choose,  it  is  proper 
to  state  that  the  sentiments  here  given  ha\e  been  preferred  because  of 
the  weight  of  authority  in  their  favor. 

Having  led  the  reader  into  the  bowers  of  nature,  what  more  natural 
than  that  many  paths  should  be  found  leading  into  the  garden  of  the 
poets,  where  rich  intellectual  blossoms  are  scattered  with  an  unsparing 
hand?  The  love  of  poetry  elevates  the  soul  and  makes  it  more  suscep- 
tible to  those  delicate,  spiritual  and  subtle  influences  that  are  found  in 
other  souls;  it  gives  it  a  more  rare  appreciation  of  those  higher  beau- 
ties that  are  daily  seen  both  in  nature  and  art;  it  awakens  a  depth  of 
feeling  that  almost  entirely  obliterates  selflshness,  and  opens  the  heart 
to  generous  sympathies  and  warm  impulses.  The  selections  made 
for  this  work  are  numerous,  and  are  the  result  of  a  ver}-  prolonged  and 
laborious  quest.  They  have  been  culled  from  many  sources  and  various 
authors,  foreign  and  native,  and  comprehend  many  of  the  choicest  gems 
from  the  works  of  the  best  poets  of  all  ages.  C.  H.  T. 


;^ 


Si,^.£i^  'im- 


Alphabetical  List  of  Aithors  Qioted, 

Autograph  Letter  and  Poem,  bv  William  CuUen  Bryant, 

Hymn  to  the  Flowers,  bv   Horace  Smith. 


PARiT  3.— Description,  Language  an6  Poetry  of  Flowers. 


Acacia  (Rose) — Friendship, 
Adder's  Tongue — Deceit, 
Adonis  —  Sorrowful  remembrances, 
Ageratum — Politeness, 
Agrimony — Thankfulness, 
Ailantus — Lofty  aspirations, 

Almond — Despair, 

Aloe  —  Grief, 

Aloysia — Forgiveness,       -         -         .         - 

Alyssum — Merit  before  beauty. 

Amaranth — Immortality, 

Amaranth  (Globe)— I  chanjje  not,   - 

Amaryllis  —Pride,  .        .         .        . 

American  Arbor  Vit.e— Thine  till  deatli, 

American  Elm — Pati-iotisui, 

American   Linden — Matrimonv, 

Andromeda  (Marsh) — Bound  by  tate.  - 

Anemone — Anticipation, 

Angelica — Inspiration,        .        .        .        . 

Apocynum — Falsehood,       .         .         .         . 

Apple  Blossom — Preference, 

Apricot — Temptation, 

Arbutus  —  Simplicity.     • 

Arethus.\ — Fear, 

Aristolochia — Prodigality, 

Arnica — Let  me  heal  thy  grief. 

AscLEPiAS  —  Conquer  your  love 

Ash  —  Grandeur, 

Asparagus — Emulation, 

Aspen  —Excessive  sensibility 


Asphodel — Remembered  bevond  the  ton 

b,       ,v 

Aster  — Cheerfulness  in  old  age. 

3- 

Auricula— Painting,        .         .         -         . 

-     33 

Azalea— Temperance, 

34 

Baccharis —Intoxication, 

-     35 

Bachelor's  Button  — Single  blessedness 

36 

Balm  (Molucca)— You  excite  my  curiosity,        37 

Balm  (Sweet)  — Charms,    - 

38 

Balm  (Wild)  — I  value  your  sympathy,  - 

-     39 

Balm  of  Gilead  — Sympathetic  feeling. 

40 

Balsamine —Impatience, 

-     41 

Bartonia  (Golden) — Does  he  possess  riches.'    42 

Basil  (Sweet)— Good  wishes. 

•     43 

Bayberry-- I  respect  thy  tears,   - 

44 

Beech— Lovers'  trvst,      -         -         -         - 

■     45 

Begonia— Deformitv,  -        -        -        - 

46 

Bellflower  —A  constant  heart,     - 

-     47 

Berberry— A  sour  disposition,   - 

48 

Birch— Elegance, 

■     49 

Black  Hoarhound— I  reject  vou. 

50 

Bladdernut— A  trifling  character. 

-     5> 

Borage —Abruptness, 

52 

Bouncing  Bess— Intrusion,     - 

-     S3 

Box — Stoicism, 

54 

Broom— Humilitv, 

•     55 

Broom  Corn— Labor. 

56 

Brow allia— Can  vou  bear  ixnerty.' 

-     57 

Bugloss— Hypocrisy. 

5» 

Bulrush— Indecision,      -         -        .        - 

-     59 

Burdock— Proximity  undesirable, 

60 

M 


^  Buttercup — Distrust,     .... 
Butterfly  Orchis  —  Gaietv,    . 
Cacalia — -.-Vdulation,        -        .         .        . 
Cactus  (Night-blooming)— Transient  beau 
Cactus  (Snake)— You  tenity  me, 
Calceolaria — Novelty, 
Calla  Lily — Feminine  beauty, 
Calycanthus  — Benevolence,     - 
Camellia— Perfect  loveliness, 
Canary  Grass — Perseverance,  - 
Candytuft — Architecture, 
Canterbury  Bells  —  Gratitude, 
Cardamine — Infatuation, 
Cardinal  Flower— Preferment, 

^Carnation  —  Contempt, 

Catchfly — I  am  thy  prisoner,     - 
Cedar  (Red) — I  live  for  thee, 
Celandine — Future  happiness,  - 
Chamomile — Mercv, 
Chestnut — Deceptive  appearances, 
Chickvveed  —  Star  of  my  existence, 
Chicory — Prudent  economy, 
China  Aster  (Double) — Bounty, 
China  Aster  (Single)— I  will  think 
Chrysanthemum  — Slighted  aifection 
Cineraria — Always  delightful. 


Citron- 


arnage. 


li 


Clianthus  —  Glorious  beautv, 

Clotbur — Detraction, 

Clover — Industry,  -         -         .         . 

Cob.ea — Gossip,  -        -         -         - 

Cockscomb  — Foppery,     •         - 

Columbine — Folly, 

Coreopsis —Happy  at  all  times. 

Coriander — Merit, 

Corn  Cockle —Worth  above  beautv 

Coronilla —  Success  cro-wn  your  wis 

Cotton  Plant—  Greatness, 

Cranberry — Hardihood, 

Crape  Myrtle  — Eloquence, 

Crocus  (Spring)  — Cheerfulness,    - 

Crown  Imperial — Imperial  power, 

Cuphea — -Impatience, 

Currant — You  please  all,  - 

Cyclamen— Diffidence,    - 

Cypress  —  Sorrow, 

Daffodil —  Chivalrv, 

Dahlia— Dignity, 

Daisy— Innocence  and  beauty. 

Dandelion— Youthful  recollections, 

Daphne  —  Sweets  to  the  sweet. 


tching. 


6i  Darnel — Vice, 

6:;  Day  Lily—  Coquetry, 

63  Deadly  Nightshade — Death,   - 

64  Dodder — Baseness, 

65  Dogwood — Honesty  true  nobility, 

66  Dragon's  Claw — Danger, 

67  Dwarf  Pink — Innocence,  - 
6S  Dyer's  Weed— Design,  - 

69  Ebenaster — Night,     -         -        .        . 

70  Eglantine — Home, 

71  Elder — Zeal, 

72  Enchanter's  Nightshade  — Sorcery, 

73  Endive —Medicine,      --."..        124 

74  English  Moss  —  Fortitude,      -        -        -        -   125 

75  EscALLONiA— Opinion,         -         -         -         -        126 

76  Eternal  Flower— Eternity,  -         -         -         -  127 

77  Eupatorium— Delay, 12S 

78  Euphorbia — Reproof, 129 

79  Eutoca— A  Gitl, 130 

So  Eyebright — Your  eyes  are  bev 

Si  Fennel — Worthy  all  praise, 

82  Fennel  Flower — Artifice, 

83  Fern  (\Valking)  —  Curiosity, 

84  Feverfew — Beneficence, 

85  Fir  Balsam— Health, - 

86  Flax — Domestic  industry, 

87  Flower-of-an-Hour  — Triflins; 

88  Four-o'clock  — Time, 

89  Foxglove — Delirium, 

90  Fritillaria — Persecution, 

91  Fuchsia  —  Grace, 

92  Gentian — Intrinsic  worth, 

93  Geranium  —  Confidence, 

94  Gladiolus — Ready  armed, 

95  Globe  Flower  — Fancv, 

96  Gourd — Extent, 

97  Grass— Utility,    - 
9S  Ground  Ivy — Enjoyment. 
99  Ground  Pine  —  Complaint, 

100  GuiM  Tree — Enthusiasm, 

loi  Hawkweed  —  Quick-sightednes 

102  Heath  —  Solitude,    - 

103  Helenium — Tears, 

104  Heliotrope — Devotion, 

105  Hellebore  —  Calumny, 

106  Hemp — Fate,    - 

107  Hollyhock — Ambition, 

108  Holly — Foresight,  - 

109  Honesty — Honesty, 
no  Honeysuckle — Bonds  of  love, 
III  Hop — Injustice,    - 


tt 


^"^ 


COXTEXTS. 


Horse  Chestnut — Luxury,    • 
HotsELEEK — Vivacity, 
HoYA — Sculpture,      - 
Hyacinth — Jealousy, 
Hydrangea — Boasting,    - 
Hyssop — Purification, 
Ice  Plant— Formality,    - 
Indian  Mallow — Estimation, 
I POMCEA— Attachment, 
Ipomopsis  —  Suspense, 
—  Iris — A  messenger, 
Ivy— Lasting  friendship, 
Jasmine  (White) — Amiability, 
Jlniper — Asylum, 
Jlsticia — Female  loveliness, 
Kennedya — Mental  beauty. 
Lady's  Slipper — Fickleness,  - 
Lake-flower — Retirement, 
Lantana — Rigor,     - 
Larkspur — Levity, 
Laurel — Glory, 
Laurestine — I  die  if  neglected, 
Lavender — Confession,  - 
Lemon  Blossom — Discretion, 
Lettuce — Cold-hearted,  - 

"^  Lilac — Awakening  love,     - 

T7  Lily  —  Purity, 
~LiLY  of  the  Valley  —  Return 
Lion's  Heart  —  Bravery, 
LoASA  —  Pleasure, 
Lobelia  —  Malevolence,  - 
Locust  —  Vicissitude,  - 
Lophospermum  —  Ecstasv, 
Lupine  —  Voraciousness, 
Magnolia  —  Love  of  nature. 
Mallow  —  Goodness, 
Maple  (Rock) — Reserve, 
Marigold  —  Cruelty,  - 
Marjoram  (Sweet)  —  Blushes, 
Matthiola —  Promptitude, 
M  aurandi  A  ^  Courtesv, 
Mayweed  —  Rumor,    - 
Medick  —  Agriculture,     - 
Melilot  — Philanthropy,     - 
Mermaid  Weed  —  Necessitv, 
Mignonette — Your   qualities 

charms. 
Mint  — Virtue, 

Mistletoe — Obstacles  to  be  ov 
Monkshood  —  Knight-errantry, 
Morning  Glory  —  Repose, 


happi 


Mourning  Bride — Unfortunate  attachment. 

Mullein  —  Goodnature,     -        -        -        . 

Musk  Plant  —  A  meeting,     - 

Mustard — Indifference,      - 

Myrtle — Love,      -        .        .        . 

Nasturtium  —  Heroism,     - 

Nemophila  —  Prosperity, 

Nettle  —  Slander,       -        .        .        . 

Oak  —  Honor, 

Oats  — Country  life,    -        -        .        . 

Oleander — Beware, 

Oleaster  —  Providence,     - 

Olive  — Peace,         .        -        .        . 

Orange  —  Chastity,     -        -        .        - 

Orchis  —  A  belle,    -        -        -        . 

Osier  (Basket) ^Frankness,     - 

Osmunda  —  Dreams, 

OxALis  — Parental  affection, 

P.«;oNY  —  Shame,     -        -        -        - 

Parsley  —  Festivity,   -         -         .         - 

Passion  Flower  —  Holy  love. 

Pea  (Sweet)  —  Departure, 

Peach  Blossom — I  am  your  captive, 

Pentstemon  —  High-bred, 

Periwinkle  —  Early  friendship. 

Persimmon  —  Amid  nature's  beauties. 

Petunia  —  Keep  your  promises, 

Phaseolus  —  Opportunity, 

Phlox  —  Unanimity, 

Pimpernel  —  Mirth,    -        -        .        . 

Pine— Philosophy, - 

Pitcher  Plant  —  Instinct, 

Plumbago — Meekness  with  dignity, 

Poinsettia  —  Brilliancy,      - 

Pomegranate  —  Lightning,    - 
'  Poppy  (Opium)  —  Sleep, 

Portulaca  —  Variety, 

Potentilla- — Beloved  daughter, 
-Primrose  —  Youth, 

Privet  —  Defense,       .... 

Queen  of  the  Meadow  —  Praise,  - 

Queen  of  the  Prairie  —  Nobility,  - 

Quince  —  Allurement,     - 

Ragged  Robin  —  Wit, 

Ranunculus  —  Ingratitude,    - 

Rhodora — Beautv  in  retirement, 

Rocket  —  Rivalry,  .         -         .         - 

Rose  (Austrian)  —  Loveliness,  - 

RosEBAY'  —  Talking, 

Rose  (Damask)  —  Blushing  beauty,    - 

Rose-leaved  RuBus  —  Threats, 


CONTENTS. 


■*^ 
1 


Rosemary  —  Remembrance, 

Rose  (Musk)  —  Charms, 

Rose  (White)  —  Secrecy, 

R  UDBEeKi  A -— J  ustice, 

Rue  — Repentance,       -         -         -         - 

Sage — Domestic  virtue. 

Salvia  —  Energy,         .        -         -        - 

Sarsaparilla  —  Experience, - 

Sassafras  —  Favor,     .        -        -        - 

Sensitive  Plant —  Bashlul  modesty. 

Shamrock — Light-heartedness, 

Snapdragon —  Presumption,  - 

Snowball  —  Thoughts  of  heaven. 

Snowdrop — Consolation, 

Snowdrop  Tree  —  Exhilaration, 

Southernwood — Jesting, 

Speedwell  —  Female  fidelity,     - 

Spiderwort  —  Transient  happiness, 

Spikenard — Benefits. 

Spruce  —  Farewell, 

Stapelia  —  Offense,     -        -        -        - 

Star  Flower  —  Reciprocity,  ■ 

Star  of  Bethlehem  —  Reconciliation, 

Strawberry  —  Perfect  goodness. 

Sumach  —  Splendor,    -        -        -         - 

Summer  Savory — -Success,    - 

Sunflower — Lofty  thoughts,    - 

Sweet  Flag  —  Fitness,    - 

Sweet  Potato  —  Hidden  qualities,     - 

Sweet  Sultan  —  Felicity, 

Sweet  William  —  Stratagem,    - 

Sycamore  —  Woodland  beautv, 


Syringa  —  Memory, 296 

Tansy  —  Resistance, 297 

Teasel — Misanthropy,        ...         -        298 

Thistle — Austerity, 299 

Thorn  —  Difliculty, 300 

Thorn  Apple  —  Deceitful  charms,          -         -  301 
Thrift — Sympathy, 302 


Tiger  Flower—  Pride  befriend  me. 
Trumpet  Flower  —  Fame, 
"^Tuberose — Voluptuousness,- 
'~  Tulip  —  Declaration  of  love, 
Tussilago — Justice  to  you,     - 
Valerian  —  Obliging  disposition, 
Venus's  Fly-trap— Deceit,  - 
Venus's  Looking-glass  —  Flattery, 
Verbena  —  Sensibility,    - 
Violet  —  Modesty, 
Virgin's  Bower  —  Filial  affection. 
Wallflower — Fidelity  in  misfortu 
Walnut  —  Intellect, 
~^Water  Lily  —  Eloquence, 
Weeping  Willow  —  Melancholy,  - 
Wheat — Riches, 
White  Walnut  —  Understanding, 
Winter  Cherry  —  Deception,  - 
Witch  Hazel  —  Witchery,      - 
Wormwood  —  Absence, 
Yarrow — War,        .        .        .         . 
Yew  —  Sorrow,     -         -         -         - 
Yucca — Authority, 
Zinnia  —  Thoughts  in  absence, 


303 
304 
.305 
306 
307 
308 
309 
310 
3'i 
31- 
313 
314 
315 
316 
317 
3>8 
319 
320 
321 
322 
3^3 

^H 
■  %^s 

326 


PAHC  33.— iCultiuation  an6  Analysis  of  Plants. 


PRACTICAL    ri.ORICUI.TUBE. 

Soils  — Loam;  Sand;  Leaf-mold;  Turf;  Peat; 

Manures,    - 33o-33i 

Flower-Beds  —  In    Relation    to    Symmetry 

and   Color;    Deformities  Concealed,     -     331-333 
Propagating  Plants  —  Sowing  Seeds ;  Cut- 
tings or  Slips ;   Layering;   Offshoots;   Bulbs,  333 

Potting  Plants,     - 335 

Watering  Plants, 337 

Pruning  Plants, 338 

Insects  —  Foliage  Insects:  Aphis  Rosa;: 
Thrips;  Red  Spider;  Mealy  Bug;  Coccus; 
Verbena  Mite;  Roller  Caterpillar;  Rose 
Beetle;  Tobacco  Worm.  -  -  -  338-340 
Root  Worms:  Angleworm;  Milleped;  Cut- 
Worm;  Wire  Worm, ^41 


Diseases   of    Plants  — Mildew;    Bl.ackrust; 

Damping  Ofi", 342 

Practical  Precepts,         ....        3^^2 

culture  of  favorite  plants. 

Abutilon, 346 

Achyranthus, 347 

Agapanthus, 347 

Alternantheras, 348 

Amaryllis. 349 

Aster, 349 

Azalea,    -         -                 350 

Balsam, 350 

Begonia, 351 

Bouvardia, 352 


m- 


CONTENTS. 


'^i 


Cactus, 
Caladium, 
Camellia,    - 
Caxna,      - 
Carnation, 

COLEUS,      - 

Crape  Myrti 

Crocus,     - 

Cyclamen,  - 

Daisy, 

Dicentra,    - 

Drac^na, 

Echeveria, 

Erythrina, 

Fittonia,     - 

Fuchsia,  - 

Funkia, 

Gardenia, 

Geranium,  - 

Gladiolus, 

Heliotrope, 

Hibiscus, 

HOYA,    - 

Hyacinth, 

LiBONIA, 

Lily, 

Lily  of  the  V 

Linaria,  ■ 

Mahernia,  - 

Oleander, 

Pansy, 

Pelargonium, 

Peperomia, 

Petunia, 

Phlox, 

Physianthus, 

Primrose,    - 

Rose, 

Saxifrage, 

SCILLA, 

Sedum, 

Selaginella, 

Smilax, 

Stephanotis, 

Tritoma, 

Trop.eolum, 

Tuberose,    - 

Tulip, 

Verbena, 

Violet,     - 

Weigela,     - 


NEGLECTED    BEAUTIES. 

Choice  Native  Wild  Flowers — Anemone 
nemorosa;  Uvularia;  Eijthronium ;  Dode- 
catheon  meadia;  Tiadescantia  Virginica;  Co- 
reopsis; Asclepias  tuberosa;  Cassia  chamiE- 
crista;  Liatris;  Gentiana  crinita;  Asters,  392 
Climbing  Plants  —  Climbers:  Passiflora 
P'ordii;  Clematis  virginiana;  Clematis  Sie- 
boldii ;  Clematis  Jackmanni ;  Clematis  John 
Gould  Veitch;  Cobiea  scandens;  Eccremo- 
carpus  scaber;  Cucurbitacese,  -  -  -  394 
Twiners:  Ipomoea:  Ouamoclit  vulgaris;  Cal- 
ystegia  sepium;  Boussingaultia  basilloides; 
Mikania  scandens;  I^nicera;  Celastrus  scan- 
dens; Aristolochia  sipho;  Lathvrusodoratus; 
Mauiandia;  Thunbergia;  Menispermum 
Canadense;  Wistaria  Sinensis;  Phaseolus 
multitlorus;  Adlumia  cirrhosa;  Jasininum 
officinale;     Humulus    lupulus;    Periploca 

Gr-Tca, 394-396 

Creepers:      Hedera     helix;      Ampelopsis 
Veitchii;  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia;  Tecoma 
radicans ;  Ficus  repens,  .         -         -         -  396-397 
Trailers:    Epigiea    repens;   Tradescantia  ze- 

brina, 397 

Ferns, 398 

Grasses, 399 

Heaths, 400 

Mosses, 401 

STRUCTURE    OF    PLANTS. 

Chemistry  of  Plants,       ....        ^02 

Tissues, 403 

Roots  —  Annuals;  Biennials:  Perennials,    .        404 

Stems  —  Stalks;  Axil, 405 

Leaves — Stipules;  Bracts;  Buds;  Estivation,  406 
Flowers— Calyx;    Corolla;    Stamen;    Pistil; 
Pericarp;  Seed;  Receptacle;  Nectary,    -         -408 

Inflore-scence. 410 

divisions  of  the  vegetable  kingdom. 
Variety;     Subspecies      or     Race;      Species; 
Subgenus    or    Section;    Genus;    Tribe   and 
Subtribe;  Suborder;  Order;  Subclass  or  Alli- 
ance; Class,  Series  or  Subkingdom,      -     411-412 
ST.STEMS  OF  CLASSIFICATION. 
Artificial  System  of  Linn.eus —Twenty- 
four  Classes;   Twenty-six  Orders,         -     414-415 
Natural  Orders  of  Linn.eus,     -        -        -  415 
Natural  Systems,      ....        416-417 
Influence  of  Floriculture,       -        -        -  418 
Index  of  Sentiment,        -        -        -        421-424 


r 


^^?=k^'  ""-^:^^':r 


U^^ 


^^ 


jIlp^abHtal  |iisl  nf  :iu|{|nrB  Quolcb. 


Abbey,  Henry. 
Adams,  Johns. 
Addison. 


Ancrum,  Earl  of. 
Angelo,  Michael. 
Armstrona-,  Dr.  John. 


Baillie,  Joanna. 
Barrett,  Miss. 
Barton,  Bernard. 
Baxter,  Sylvester. 
Beattie. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 
Beddoes.Thomas  Lovell 
Bell,  Alexander. 
Bellman  Carl  Michael. 
Benjamin,  Park. 


m 


Carew,  Thomas. 
Cartwrig-ht. 
Chandler,  Mary. 


Clare,  John. 

Clark,  Willis  Gavlor 

Clarke,  Sara  Jane. 

Clason.  Isaac  S. 

Cleveland. 

Clinch. 

Clinch,  I.  H. 

Coleridge. 

Collins. 

Comer,  Joseph. 

Conrad,  Robert  T. 
Cook,  Eliza. 
Cooper,  George. 
Cordner,   Charlotte. 


Bennett,  En- 
Bennett,  W.  C. 
Benton,  Joel. 


Blessinffton,  Countess  of. 
Bogart.  Elizabeth. 
Boker,  George  H. 


Bradley,  Mary  E. 
Brock, 'Sallie  A. 


BroNvne,  Mary  Anne. 
Browne,  William. 
Browning,  Elizabeth  Barrett. 
Bruce,  Michael. 
Bryant,  William  Cullen. 
Brydges,  Sir  S.  E. 

Burbidge,  Thomas. 
Burger,   G.  A. 
Burleigh. 

Butler. 

Butler,  Mrs.  Frances  A.  K. 


Campbell. 
Carey,  Phoebe. 
Carew,  Lady. 


Cotton, 


Cowper. 
Crabhe., 
Cranch,  Christopher  Pears 


Din 


Mrs. 


Dobell,  Svdncv. 
Dodge,  Mary  B. 

Do?r"juliaC.  R. 
Drayton. 
DraVton,  Nicholas 


Ellis,  Edward. 
Embury,  Mrs. 
Emers6n,  Ralph  Waldo 


Fielding. 

Fields,  lames  T. 

Fitts,  Jimes  Franklii 

Foote. 

Ford,  John. 

Fountain. 

Franklin. 

Franklin,  James. 

Frisbie,  Levi. 

Frowde. 

Fuller,  Frances  A. 

Gay. 

German,  from  the. 
Gibbs,  A. 
Gifford. 

Gifford,  Lena  I. 
Oilman,  Caroline. 
Glyndon.  Howard. 
Go'ffe. 
Goldsmith. 
Gould,  Miss. 

Gray. 

Greek,  from  the. 

Green. 

Greenwell,  Dora. 

Grey.  Barton. 


Harte,' Walter. 
Harvard. 
Hay,  William. 
Hayne,  Paul  H. 
Hays,  Samuel. 

Heathf' 

Hemans,  Mrs. 

Henderson. 

Herbert,  George. 

Herbert,  Wiliam. 

Herrxck,  Robert. 

Heywood. 

Hill. 

Hill,  Aaron. 

Hill,  Kate.  J. 

Hillhouse,  James  A. 

Hirst,  Henry  B. 

Hoffman,  Chas.  Fenno. 

Holmes,  Oliver  Wende 

Home,  John. 

Hood,  Thomas. 


Howard,  Mrs.  V.  E. 
Howard,  Sir  Robert. 
Howel. 
Howitt,  Mary. 
Howitt,  William. 
Hovt,  Ralph. 
Hu'ghan,  O.  G. 
Hugo,  Victor. 
Hunt,JosieE. 
Hunt,  Leigh. 


JenS'H. 


Keats.  John. 
Kemhle.  Fran. 
Kermode,  Tan 
King,  Dr.  Her 


Lalee. 

Landon,  L.  E. 
Langey,  W^.  F. 
Larcom,  Lucy. 


Lee,  Marv  E. 
Leech,  H.    H. 


Locke,  Jane  E. 
Locke,  A.  A. 
Locke,  Mrs. 

Lover,  Samuel. 
Lowell,  James  Ri 
Lynch,  Charlotte 
Lyttleton. 

Macaulay,  Lord. 
Machan. 
Mackellar. 
Madden,  Dr.  S. 
Malcolm,  Edith. 
Mallet. 


Mar 


X 


Pi-.trarch. 
PIiili|)s,  Ambrose. 
Philips,  John. 


Mefivale. 

Metastasio. 

Middleton. 

Miller. 

Miller,  Joaquin 

Milman. 

Milton. 


Montgomery.    . 
Montsfomery,  W. 

Moore,  L.  Bruce. 
More,  Hann,lli. 
Morris.  Robert. 
Motherwell. 
Motteu.\. 
Munson,  S.  A. 


Noney,  A.  \V. 
Norris,  John. 
Norton,  Andrews. 
Norton,  Mrs. 


Ogilvie. 
Ofd  Play 


I  Play, 
urdway. 

O'Reilly,  John  Be 
Orrerv.'Earl  of. 
Osffood,  Frances 
Osgood,  Kate  Pu 


Paine,  R.  T. 
Palmer,  J.  W. 
Parnell. 


PiL-rpc.nt,  John. 
Pierson,  Mrs.  Lvdiajan 
Pike,  Albert. 
Pindar. 

Pinknev,  Edward  C. 
Pittacus. 
Poem   of  15S4. 
•Pollock. 
Pope. 
Pordag-e. 
Prattent. 
Prentice,  G.  D. 
Prior. 

Procter,  Adelaide  Anne, 
Proctor,  Bryan  W. 

Quarles,  Francis. 


M.11    R   bert 
rhom  IS  G 


Spensei 
Spragu 


■  Robert 
tirlmg)    : 


Rochester. 

Rogers. 

Swam    Charles 

Swam    lohn 

Roscommon. 

Sucklmg   Sir  John 

Rossetti,  Christina  Georgma 

Rowe. 

Russell,  P.  W. 

In  Iv  ester  Joshul 

Ryan. 

Salmagundi. 

Tasso 

Sanford,  Lucy  M. 

Tavlor,  Bayard 

Sappho. 

Taylor   Henr) 

Sargent,  Epes. 

Saxe.John  G. 

Thackeray,  Willia 

Tha?ter?CcUa. 

Shaw. 

Thompson. 

Thurlow,  Lord. 
Tickell. 
Tighe,  Mrs. 


Waller. 

Waller,  John  Franci; 

Walsh,  William. 

Wandesford. 

Watkyns. 

Watson,  J.  T. 

Webber,  Fred  W. 

■Webster. 

\\'ebster,  John. 

Welbv,  Mrs.  Amelia 


in,  SaVah  He 
r,J.  G. 
,  Carlos. 


Wither,  George. 
Woodworth, 
A\'ordsworth. 
Wotten,  Sir  Her 

INITIALS. 


r ^ 


C^^^/^^E*lc.fe..^^L_  W^Tve^t^     t^KSfy-t^yy-^  CL^^t^jL^    TX.^ 


^  ^^'/^^^^<^ 


r^v: 


T^ipn  In  lip  ']|bunir$. 


VKi 


AY- STARS!  that  ope  your  frownless  eyes  to  twinkle 
Fiom  rainbow  galaxies  of  earth's  creation, 
\nd  dew-drops  on  her  lonely  altars  sprinkle 

As  a  libation. 

Y*  Vt  matin  worshipers!    who,  bending  lowly 
]  J  Belbre  the  uprisen  sun,  God's  Hdless  eye, 

(jt^l  Thiow  from  your  chalices  a  sweet  and  holy 
%  I  Incense  on  high. 

Y  Ye  bright  mosaics!    that  with  storied  beauty 
*     L  The  floor  of  Nature's  temple  tessellate, 

\\  \\  hat  numerous  emblems  of  instructive  duty 
j,  Your  forms  create! 

'Neath  cloistered  boughs,  each  floral  bell  that  swingeth. 

And  tolls  its  perfume  on  the  passing  air, 
Makes  Sabbath  in  the  fields,  and  ever  ringeth 
A  call  to  prayer. 

Not  to  the  domes  where  crumbling  arch  and  column 

Attest  the  feebleness  of  mortal  hand. 
But  to  that  fane,  most  catholic  and  solemn, 
Which  God  hath  planned; 

To  that  cathedral,  boundless  as  our  wonder, 

Whose  quenchless  lamps  the  sun  and  moon  supply; 
Its  choir  the  winds  and  waves,  its  organ  thunder. 
Its  dome  the  sk}-. 

There,  as  in  solitude  and  shade  I  wander 

Through  the  green  aisles,  or  stretched  upon  the  sod, 
Awed  b}-  the  silence,  reverently  ponder 
The  ways  of  God, 


I 


\T  HrMN    TO    THE    FLOW  BUS.  i' 

Your  voiceless  lips,  O  flowers!   are  living  preachers, 

Each  cup  a  pulpit,  every  leaf  a  book, 
Supplying  to   my  fancy  numerous  teachers 
From  loneliest   nook. 

Floral  Apostles!   that  in  dewy  splendor 

"Weep  without  woe,  and  blush  without  crime," 
O,  may  I   deeply  learn,  and  ne'er  surrender. 
Your  love  sublime! 

"Thou  wert  not,  Solomon,  in  all  thy  glory. 

Arrayed,"  the  lilies  cry,  "in  robes  like  ours! 
How  vain  your  grandeur!  ah,  how  transitory 
Are  human  flowers!" 

In  the  sweet-scented  pictures,  heavenly  artist! 

With  which  thou  paintest  Nature's  wide-spread  hall, 
What  a  delightful  lesson  thou  impartest 
Of  love  to  all! 

Not  useless  are  ye,  flowers!  though  made  for  pleasure; 

Blooming  o"er  field  and  wave,  by  day  and  night. 
From  every  source  your  sanction  bids  me  treasure 
Harmless  delight. 

Ephemeral  sages!  what  instructors  hoary 

For  such  a  world  of  thought  could  furnish  scope? 
Each  fading  calyx  a  memento  mori, 
Yet  fount  of  hope. 

Posthumous  glories!  angel-like  collection! 

Upraised  from  seed  or  bulb  interred  in  earth. 
Ye  are  to  me  a  type  of  resurrection 
And  second  birth. 

Were  I  in  churchless  solitudes  remaining. 

Far  from  all  voice  of  teachers  and  divines. 

My  soul  would  find,  in  flowers  of  God's  ordaining, 

Priests,  sermons,  shrines. 

— Horace  Smith. 


^ 


V 


C\^f. 


\%        c,    ?|W^S,>&^f_,     ^        ^,, 


v.')^^'".^ 


YM 


^sm 


^v<:i^^ni 


PART  I 


Description,  Language  and  Poetry  of 
Flowers. 


ife* 


ii 


'im^^- 


^ 


3^cacia-^0B^, 


Kobiuia   Ijispi^a.      Natural  Oiidek:  Lcguminosix — Pulse  Family. 


IE   Rose   Acacia  is   a   beautiful   shrub  of  the   locust   tribe, 

varying  in  height   from  three  to  five  feet,  and   is  grown   for 

its  large   clusters  of  rose-colored,  pea-shaped   flowers,  which 

are   very   pleasing    to   the   eye.      The    Acacias    are   all   very 

handsome  plants,  with  great  diversity  of  foHage,  and  number, 

in   all   their   varieties,   upward   of  four    hundred.      They   are 

in  every  quarter  of  the  globe,  except  Europe,  and  some  of  them 

are  natives  of  our  own  Southern  States.      The  flowers  of  the  choice 

varieties  are  yellow,  pale  straw-color,  red,  or  purple.      They  require 

the  protection  of  the  greenhouse  to  grow  them  in  perfection. 


QMALL  service  is  true  service  while  it  lasts; 
^  Of  friends  however  humble,  scorn  not  one: 
The  daisy,  by  the  shadow  that  it  casts. 

Protects  the  ling'ring  dewdrop  from  the  sun. 


/^H!  let  my  friendship  in  the 
^^  Though  but  a  bud  among 


wreath, 
the  flowers. 
Its  sweetest  fragrance  'round  thee  breathe  — 
'Twill  serve  to  soothe  thy  weary  hours. 

—Mrs.  Welly. 


TOVE  is  a  sudden  blaze  which  soon  decays; 
'^  Friendship  is  like  the  sun's  eternal  rays; 
Not  daily  benefits  exhaust  the  flame: 
It  still  is  giving,  and  still  burns  the  same. 


PRIENDSHIP'S  an  abstract  of  love's  noble  fl.ame, 

'Tis  love  refined,  and  purged   from  all  its  dross; 
The  next  to  angel's  love,  if  not  the  same; 

As  strong  as  passion  is,  though  not  so  gross: 
It  antedates  a  glad  eternity, 
And  is  a  heaven  in  epitome.  —Kaiherine  Phillifs. 


CRIENDSHIP  is  a  plant  of  heavenly  birth. 
Constant  its  nature,  and  immense  its  worth, 


rj'RIENDSHIP  is  the  cement  of  two  minds, 
^      As  of  one  man  the  soul  and  body  is ; 


known  to  rest. 


And  glow  most  warmly 


i-irtuous  breast! 
—Praltcnt. 


Of  which  one  cannot  sever  but  the  other 
Suffers  a  needful  separation. 


ti^rmr  ubrary 


w 


%MAtt^B  '^0n%\xt. 


(DpIjioinloSSUm  miliiatum.      Natural  Order:  Filiccs  —  Fern  Family. 


<\  R  WGE   name   has   this  singular  little    plant,  being  derived 

trom  two  Greek  words,  of  his,  meaning  serpent,  and   o-/ossa,.a 

tongue;    so    called    from    the    lance-like    spike    on    which    the 

seeds    are    produced.      It    belongs    to  the    beautiful    family  of 

^  terns,    most    of    which    propagate     themselves    by    seeds    or 

^spoies,  arranged  in  various  ways  on  the  back  of  their  leaves, 

s  )me  being  too  minute  to  be  visible  to  the  naked  eve.      It  is    found  in 

ow    grounds,  with    solitary  fronds    measuring  from  two  to  three  inches 

in  length       It  has  been  chosen  as    an  emblem  of  deceit,  because  those 

b\    whom  we   are    deceived    are    usually  compared    to   serpents    lurking 

in  the  wiass,    ind  ready  to  sting  us  unawares. 


|jtEil 


A  ND  this  was  he  who  loved  me;  he  who  came 
■'*•  To  whisper  vows  to  my  too  willing  ear 
With  lip  of  melody  and  heart  of  flame; 
Vows  whose  glad  truth  I  deem'd  so  trebly  dear 
To  him  who  breathed  them,  that  had  doubt  or  fear 
Been  raised  within  my  heart,  they  could   not  grow  — 
He  whose  bright  eyes  bespoke  a  soul  sincere  — 
This;  //lis  was  he  who  —  vain  remembrance  now!  — 


He 


ves  to 


the  past  —  he  lives  to  break  hi; 


A  TO  man's  condition  is  so  base  as  his; 

None  more  accursed  than  he ;  for  man  esteems 
Him  hateful  'cause  he  seems  not  what  he  is; 
God  hates  him  'cause  he  is  not  what  he  seems; 
What  grief  is  absent,  or  what  mischief  can 
Be  added  to  the  hate  of  God  and  man? 


-Fran 


^iiarles. 


A 


H!  tha 
And  « 


deceit  should  steal  such  gentle  shapes, 
th  a  virtuous  visor  hide  deep  vice! 


■pETTER  the  truth. 
Though  it  bring  me 


.ith, 


Than  a  lie  as  sweet  as  the  dreams  of  vouth. 

Better  to  stand 

In  a  lonely  land, 
My  feet  unshod  in  its  desert  sand. 

Than  to  blindly  go 

W'liere  cool  streams  flow. 
And  a  serpent  coils  in  the  grasses  low. 


adley.  \^  \ 


^£0mi0* 


^bouis  autumualis.      Natural  Order:  Ranunculacccv  —  Crozvfoot  Family. 


•i|^^'  i2 '  %^^'^'^  ^    ^^    Adonis    we    have   a    fine    hardy   annual    of  Ein-opean 

Ji'^;  ^ '. , ^)fe :;    birth,  which,  according    to    ancient    mythology,   sprung   from 

'ft'^jj-:^  . '    V    .    -^H,  the  blood  of  Adonis,  one  of  the  lovers  of  Venus,  who  while 

1^^  t-,      ^''h    hunting  was  killed  by  a  boar.      Venus  mourned  his  loss  with 

"(^     . '  _  C^  '  -^-T:."  "li'ny  tears.     While  she  was  weeping  over  the  spot,  a  beautiful 

^^\|/*^  '■'"'^  plant  came  up  covered  with  flowers  like  drops  of  blood.     Thus 

have  the  fables  and  flowers  descended  to  us  through  the  mists  of  ages, 

t^  laden  with  the  reminiscences  of  vanished  time. 


qPEARS,  idle  tears,— I  know  not  what  they   mean,- 
■*■     Tears  from  the  depth  of  some  divine  despair 
Rise  in  the  heart,  and  gather  in  the  eves. 
In  looking  on  the  happy  autumn   fields. 
And  thinking  of  the  days  that  are  no  more. 


THE 


lEY  bid  me  raise  my  heavy  eyes. 

Nor  mournful  still  in  tears  complain  — 
They  bid  me  cease  these  broken  sighs. 

And  with  the  happy  smile  again: 
They  say  that  many  a  form  of  light 

Is  gliding  round  me  while  I  pine, 
But  still  I  weep  — though  fair  and  bright. 

It  is  not  thine.  —Mrs.  Xorton. 


w; 


''HEN  the  cold  breath  of  sorrow  is  sweeping 
O'er  the  chords  of  the  youthful  heart. 
And  the  earnest  eye,  dimmed  with  strange  weeping, 

Sees  the  visions   of  fancy  depart; 
When  the  bloom  of  young  feeling  is  dying, 

And  the  heart  throbs  with  passion's  fierce  strife, 
When  our  sad  days  are  wasted  in  sighing, 
Who  then  can  find  sweetness  in  life.' 

—Mrs.  Emhiiry. 


IL 


IVT EMORIES  on  memories! 

There  come  such  dreams 

That  my  wrung  heart,  though 


to  my   soul   agam 

of  vanish'd  love  and  bliss 

long  inured  to  pain. 


Sinks 


ith  the  fullness  of  its  wretchednes; 


-Pkxh-  Co, 


J^gjemtmm. 


4 


JCratum  iHeiicaUUm.      Natural  Order:    Composita:  —  Aster  Family. 


C'ARCELY  any  flower  is  more  in  use  among  florists  for  group- 
ing in  bouquets  than  the  Ageratum;  its  small,  fringe-like  heads 
"'  ng  in  so  softly  around  the  more  unyielding  blossoms;  toning 
down  all  harsh  outlines,  and  harmonizing  tints  too  antagonistic 
to   each   other,  by  its   unobtrusive    presence.      There   are   only 
>-<*  two  varieties  in  color:  one  a  most  delicate  blue,  the  other  white; 
.uul  two  in  height,  a  dwarf  and  a  tall  kind.      It  produces  a  fine  effect 
wlien    grown   in   masses   in  the   garden,   or   is  well   adapted   for   pot 
culture,  the  dwarf  having   the  preference,  the  blossoms   being  about 
the  same  size.      It  is  a  native  of  Mexico  and  the  West  Indies, 


ilH 


$n$$$. 


TTER  air,  her  manners,  all  who  saw  admired; 

^   Courteous,  though  coy,  and  gentle  though  retired ; 
The  joy  of  youth  and  health  her  eyes  display'd, 
And  ease  of  heart  her  every   look  convey'd. 


'T'HE  nymph  did  like  the  scene  appear, 
Serenely  pleasant,  comely  fair; 


Soft  fell  her  words 


blew  the  air. 


-Crahbe. 

[AT  are  these  wondrous  civilizing  arts. 
This  Roman  polish,  and  this  smooth  behavior. 
That  render  man  thus  tractable  and  tame? 

— Addison, 


W"' 


PASE  in  your  mien,  and  sweetness  in  your  face. 

You  speak  a  siren,  and  you  move  a  grace; 
Nor  time  shall  urge  these  beauties  to  decay, 
While  virtue  gives  what  years  shall  steal  away. 


TN  simple  manners  all  the  secret  lies:  /^F 

Be  kind  and   virtuous,  you'll  be  blest  and  wise.        ^   ' 


-Tick.-U. 

softest  manners,  unaffected  mind; 
Lover  of  peace,  and  friend  of  human  kind. 
—Pope. 


MORAL,  sensible,  and  well-bred  man 
Will  not  affront  me,  and  no  other  can. 

4 


'^1 


g^grim^mf. 


^grimauia  paVDltlora.       Natural  Order:  Rosacea: — Rose  Family. 

^^ 

GRIMONY,  a  plant  well   known  to   the  Greeks   and  Romans, 

^        and  by  them  very  highly  esteemed  for  its  healing  properties, 

?      was    at    one  time   thought    superior    to    all    others    known    to 

science  as  medicinal.      Some  authors   derive   the  name   from 

HJ  the  Greek  '■'■argema,  the  web  or  pearl  of  the  eye,  a  disease 

^^il^  of  which  it  was   supposed   to  cure."      Several   plants   under 

this   name  are   found   throughout  the  United  States,  in   the   fields  and 

woods.      The  flowers  are  small  and  yellow,  in  long,  slender  racemes. 

The  plants  vary  in  height  from  one  to  three  feet,  some  of  them  being 

quite  aromatic. 


lil^3nkfuln$$$> 


POR  she  hath  lived  with  heart  and  soul  alive 
To  all  that  makes  life  beautiful  and  fair; 

Sweet  thoughts,  like  honey-bees,  have  made  their  hive 
Of  her  soft  bosom-cell,  and  cluster  there. 

—Amelia  B.  Welby. 


'piIROUGH  all  his  tuneful  art  how  strong 

The  human  feeling  gushes! 
The  very  moonlight  of  his  song 

Is  warm  with  smiles  and  blushes. 

—  J.   G.   WhittU: 

T   UNDERSTOOD  not  that  a  grateful   mind 

By  owing  owes  not,  but  still  pays,  at  once 

Indebted  and  discharg'd.  —Milton. 


QOUL,  where  thoughts  like  to  white- winged  angels, 
^   Brood  in  the  hush  of  this  dim,  dark  eve. 
Whisper  to  me  thy  sweet  evangels. 

Whisper  and  sigh,  but  do  not  grieve; 
Out  of  the  depths  of  thy  charmed  chambers 

Raise  me  a  song  that  shall  thrill  afar; 
Kindle  thy  fires,  blow  bright  thine  embers, 

Gleam  on  her  soul  like  the  gleam  of  a  star. 
— Barton  Grey. 


w 


E  owe  thee  much;  within  this  wall  of  flesh 
There  is  a  soul  counts  thee  her  creditor, 
And  with  advantage  means  to  pay  thy  love. 

—Shakespear, 


T 


HANKS,  thanks  to  thee,  my  worthy  friend, 
For  the  lesson  thou  hast  taught. 

— Lon^fellai'j. 


TF  vou  have  lived,  take  thankfully  the  past; 

Make,  as  you  can,  the  sweet  remembrance  last.       M, 
-Drya^n.  .    j 

5  -   tSEI? 


!l\ilailtus   C\lailtlulosa.      Natural  Order:  Rutacea:  —  Rue  Family. 


B^^'V^UXURIANT  in  aspect  is  this  Chinese  tree,  the  botanical  name 

of   which  is    derived    from    its    Malay  name,   ailanto,  that    is, 

Tree  of  Heaven.      It  grows  to   a   great  height,  the   trunk  is 

usually    very   straight,    and    the    leaves,    a   yard    or    more    in 

length,    are    composed    of   smaller    leaflets    arranged    along 

'      t.  the  central  stem,  with  one  at  the  tip,  similar  to  the  leaves 

of   the    butternut.      They    are    abundant,    and    form    a    plentiful    and 

delightful   shade.     The  tree    grows    rapidl}-;   the  wood   is   soft  and  of 

no  utility. 


'T'HE  planted  seed,  consigned  to  common  earth, 
■*■     Disdains  to  molder  with  the  baser  clay, 
But  rises  up  to  meet  the  light  of  day, 
Spreads  all  its  leaves  and  flowers  and  tendrils  forth, 
And,  bathed  and  ripened  in  the  genial  ray. 
Pours  out  its  perfume  on  the  wandering  gales, 
Till  in  that  fragrant  breath  its  life  exhales; 
So  this  immortal  germ  within  my  breast 
Would  strive  to  pierce  the  dull,  dark  clod  of  sense; 
With  aspirations  winged  and  intense, 
Would  so  stretch  upward,  in  its  tireless  quest 
To  meet  the  Central  Soul,  its  source,  its  rest. 

—Charlotte  Anne  Lynch. 


\    RESTLESS,  strong,  impetuous 
Eager  to  do  and  dare  the  wor« 


will, 


Emulous  £ 
Attaining,  yet 


•er  to  be  fir: 
spiring  still. 


TIP  from  its  trammels  the  freed  spirit  wings, 

Higher  to  soar; 
Attar  immortal  a  pure  essence  flings. 

Sweet,  evermore !     —Afory  B.  Dodge. 


% 


VTATURE  never  stands  still,  nor  souls  either.      They  ever  go  up  or  go  down; 
And  hers  has  been  steadily  soaring  —  but  how  has  it  been  with  your  own.' 
She  has  struggled,  and  3'earned,  and  aspired — grown  purer  and  wiser  each  year; 
The  stars  are  not  farther  above  you,  in  yon  luminous  atmosphere!     —Julia  C.  R.  Dorr. 

6 


-^M 


J^lm0ix£* 


5$ 


p3ir. 


T)1-'T  dreadful  is  their  doom  Avliom  doubt  has  driven 
To  censure  fate,  and  pious  hope  forego: 

Like  vender  blasted  boughs  by  lightning  riven. 
Perfection,  beauty,  life,  they  never  know, 
But  frown  on  all  that  pass,  a  monument  of  woe. 


M 


ETHINKS  we  stand 
About  us;  and  the  u 
loose,  that  it  but  want 
leap  from  its  hinges. 


n  rum ;  nature 
iversal  frame  ' 
another  push 


light  shed  on   my  way, 
pale  beam  has  fled, 
nd  those  I  loved  have  gone  for  aye 
To  the  cold  realms  of  the  dead. 

— Afara'a  Hall. 


'T>HERE  is  n 
^     Ev'n  hope' 


H 


0\V  like  gall  and 
The  cup  that  we 


iormwood  to  the  taste 


0",' 


rling,  earth  is  wear 
Life,  without  thee,  sad  and 
Ocean's  song  a  Miserere! 
And  my  sun  is  burning  low. 
Fainter  yet  life's  embers  glow. 
Tides  will  ebb  that  cannot  flow. 
--Jame.  F, 


W 


drain  may  pro\-e. 

—Lydia  Jane  Pu-rsou. 

^HO  sees  laid  low. 

The  sweetest  thing  in  his  life. 
What  bitter  ruth 
For  my  heart,  in  sootl- 

Was  born  of  thi 


naked,  terrible  truth. 

—Mary  E.  Bradley. 


1 


2lllU)C\LialllS   puiuila.      Natural  Order:  Rosacea: — Rose  Family. 


HE  Almond  is  a  beautiful  little  shrub,  sending  forth  its  deli- 
cate pink,  crape-like  blossoms  early  in  the  spring,  completely 
covering   each  branch   from   base  to    apex,  while   the    foliage 
is  almost   unseen.     The  ancients   had  a   beautiful   custom  of 
wreathing  poetic  fables  with  everj-thing,  and  there  is  scarcely 
a  flower  but  what  is  clothed  with  some  affecting  tale  of  dis- 
appointed lovers.     The  Almond  tree  was  said  by  them  to  have  sprung 
from  the  dead  body  of  Phyllis,  princess  of  Thrace,  who  was  watching 
for  her  betrothed   husband's  return.      On  the  day  appointed   for  his 
arrival,  she  watched  and  waited  anxiously,  and  at  last,  hopeless  and 
iJiV)  despairing,  killed  herself  upon  the  shore,  and  was  changed  into  this 
shrub. 


i 


i^ltf*. 


1 


^(\at>C  Americana.      Natural  Order:  Amaryllidacea: — Amaryllis  Family. 


HIS   plant   is   a   native   of  the   tropical   portions   of  America, 
although  the  same  -species  are  fo"und  in  the  burning  sands  of 
the   Eastern    Hemisphere.      The  leaves  are  thick    and  fleshy, 
tapering  to  a  point,  and    dentate  on   the  edges.      They  some- 
times grow  as  much  as  six  or  eight  feet  in  length,  each  leaf 
coming  out  one  close  above  the  other,  with  no  interval  on  the 
stem.     The   flower-stalk    rises    from    the   center   of  the   surrounding 
leaves  to  the  height  of  twenty  to  thirty  feet,  bearing  on  the  summit 
a  pyramidal  panicle  of  numberless  yellow  flowers.      Formerly  it  was 
said  to  bloom  only  once  in  a  century.      It  is   now  kno^^'n  to  bloom 
from  eight  years  upward,  according  to  the  attention  given  it,  and  the 
region   where   it    grows.      Another   variety,   with    smaller   leaves   of 
almost   invisible   green,   is   completely  covered   with  white,   bead-like 
dots,  forming  a  striking  contrast  to  the  color  on  which  they  rest. 


%xn\ 


/^H  sorrow!  where  on  earth  liast  thou  not  sped 
^  Thy  fatal  arrows!  on  what  lovely   head 
Hast  thou  not  poured,  alas!  thy  bitter  phial, 
And  cast  a  shadow  on  the  spirit's  dial. 

— Atma  EsUlle  Leivis. 


T  N  tears,  the  heart  oppressed  with  grief, 

Gives  language  to  its  woes; 
In  tears  its  fullness  finds  relief, 

When  rapture's  tide  o'erflows! 
Who,  then,  unclouded  bliss  would  seek 

On  this  terrestrial  sphere. 
When  e'en  delight  can  only  speak, 

Like  sorrow,  in  a  tear? 

—MHastasio. 


B 


LF  of  the  ills  we  hoard  within  our  hearts, 
Are  ills  because  we  hoard  them.       —Pracior. 


» UT  where  the  heart  of  each  should  beat, 
There  seemed  a  wound  instead  of  it, 
From  whence  the  blood  dropped  to  their  feet. 
Drop  after  drop  —  dropped  heavily. 
As  century  follows  century 
Into  the  lieep  eternity.    —Elizabfih  Barreit  Brov.mhig. 


AM  duml 
Could  mv 


,  as  solemn  sorr 
griefs  speak,  thi 


ought  to  be ; 


no  end. 


•^^t^ 


I 


^liifsia. 


1 


^lODSia   citrioilOVa.      Natural  Order:    J'crdc 


Family. 


"■ESERVING    of   all    praise   is    the   Aloysia,   sometimes  called 

Lemon  Verbena.      It  is   from   Paraguay,  and   received   its 

name  in  honor  of  Queen  Mary  Louisa,  of  Spain,  the  mother 

ul    Ferdinand   VII.     It   is   cultivated   as   a  greenhouse  shrub, 

for  the  aromatic  odor  of  its  delicate  leaves,  the  least  touch  of 

which  yields  the  delightful  fragrance  of  the  lemon.     Frequently  it  is 

Ipp  placed  in   the    ground    in    summer,   and   in    a   dry  cellar    in   winter.      It 

should   be  trimmed   back    in   the  spring   before  the   leaf  buds   begin  to 

start,  as  otherwise  it  is  inclined  to  a  straggling  growth.      The  flowers 

are  small,  appearing  in   spikes.      They  seldom    bloom    in    this    latitude. 

The  young  branches  are  used  by  florists  in  bouquets. 


^[orgiiiEnjss, 


QOME  grave  their  wrongs  on  marble;  he,  more  just, 
^   Stoop'd  down  serene,  and  wrote  them  in  the  dust. 

—  Dr.  S.  Madden. 


W" 


LE  yet  we  live,  scarce  one  short  hour  perhaps, 
Between  us  two  let  there  be  peace.  —Milton 


TF  there  be 

^    One  of  you  all  that  ever  from  my  presence 
I  have  with  saddened  heart  unkindly  sent, 
I  here,  in  meek  repentance,  of  him  crave 
A  brother's  hand,  in  token  of  forgiveness. 

—Joanna  BailUe. 


'CpiS  easier  for  the  generous  to  forgive 

Than  for  offense  to  ask  it  —T/iomfsut, 


K' 


'NEEL  not  to  me: 

The  power  that  I  have  on  you. 
The  malice  toward  you,  to  forgi\e 


to  spare  you ; 


And  deal  with  others  better. 
■pORGIVE  and  forget!  why  the  world  would  be  lonely. 

The  garden  a  wilderness  left  to  deform, 
If  the  flowers  but  remember'd  the  chilling  winds  only, 

And  the  fields  gave  no  verdure  for  fear  of  the  storm. 


^ 


TF  ever  any  malice  in  your  heart 
Were  hid  against  me,  now  torgive  me  frankly 
—Shakesfeari 


— CJiarles  Sit'oin. 
HE  narrow  soul 
Knows  not  the  God-like  glory  of  forgi' 


m 


^Ifsswm. 


% 


!^lySSUm   maiitimuiU.      Natiral  Order:    Criicifcnv — Mustard  Family. 

A'OMG   the    ancients   the    Alyssums   were   supposed   to   possess 

some    charmed    property,    which    had    power    to    control    and 

subdue  violent   and   ungovernable    paroxysms  of  temper,  and 

keep  the  disposition  mild  and    passive.      Its    name  is  derived 

tiom  the  Greek  (/,  not,  and  lussa.,  rage.     It  is  a  perennial  of 

1  as\  culture,  and  gladdens  the  garden,  from  June  to  October 

fftV  w  ith   Its   hne  lea\  es,  delicate  white    flowers    and    sweet    perfume.      The 

^■7*  Rock  (Saxatile)  Alyssum   is  a  native  of  Qz 

^  soms  m  close  coi  ymbous  bunches. 


.'andia,   and    has  yellow  blos- 


gjrii  Jjftirii  ^t 


aui 


QAID  I  she  was  not  be.iutiful?     Her  eves  upon  your  sight 
^   Broke  with  the  lambent  purity  of  planetary  light, 
And  as  intellectual  beauty,  like  a  light  within  a  vase, 
Touch'd  everv   line  with  glorv  of  her  animated  face. 


'T'ELL  me  not  that  he  's  a  poor  man, 

That  his  dress  is  coarse  and  bare; 
Tell  me  not  his  daily  pittance 

Is  a  workman's  scanty  fare; 
Tell  me  not  his  birth  is  humble. 

That  his  parentage  is  low; 
Is  he  honest  in  his  actions.' 

This  is  all  I  want  to  know. 


—  Willk. 
/^H,  how  much  more  doth  beauty  beauteous  seen 
By  that  sweet  ornament  which  truth  doth  give 
The  rose  looks  fair,  but  fairer  we  it  deem 
For  that  sweet  odor  which  doth  in  it  live. 

— Shakespeare. 

TTAR  better  in  its  place  the  lowliest  bird 

Should  sing  aright  to  Him  the  lowliest  song, 


H 


Than  that  a  seraph 
And  sing  his  glo 


ERE  only  merit  constant  pav 
Is  blest  in  what  it  takes,  anc 


strayed,  should  take  the  w^ord 
y  wrong.  —'Jeai,  Itigelcnv. 


receives: 
what  it  gi' 


Beauty  provoketh  thieves  sooner  than  gold. 


pOOD  actions  crown  themselves  with  lasting  bay 

Who  well  deserves  needs  not  another's  praise. 

—Heat. 

TT  is  Avitness  still  of  excellency 

To  put  a  strange  face  on  its  own  perfection. 

—Shalcespeai 


i 


l^mamtttli, 


^1 


(!?Onipl)rtna   pcrcnnis.      Natural  Order:  Amarantacca:  — Amaranth  Family. 


^vOUTH   AMERICA  has  contributed  this  variety 
aiith   to   the   flora   of  the   United    States.      It    is 


of  the  Ama- 
phmt  about 
t\\  0  feet   higli,  with   narrow,  tapering  leaves,  and   flowers  simi- 
lar   in   shape    to   those    of   the    common   red    clover.      Th'ey  are 
ciimson    in    color,   and   equally   fadeless    and    durable    as    in    the 
.mnual    species.       Because    of    this    qualitv  thev   have    been    the 
chosen   emblem   of  immortality  from  the  earlv  days  of  Homer  down 
to  the  poets  of  modern  times. 


A    VOICE  within  us  spealcs  that  startling  word  — 
"Man,  thou  shalt  never  die!"     Celestial  voices 
Hymn  it  into  our  souls;   according  harps, 
By  angel  fingers  touch'd,  when  the  mild  stars 
Of  morning  sang  together,  sound  forth  still 
The  song  of  our  great  Immortality. 

—R.  H.  Dana. 


'  'T*  IS  immortality  deciphers  man, 
•*■     And  opens  all  the  mysteries  of  his  make. 
Without  it,  half  his  instincts  are  a  riddle, 
Without  it,  all  his  virtues  are  a  dream. 


IMMORTALITY  o'erswecps 

All  pains,  all  tears,  all  time,  all  fears  —  and  peals 
Like  the  eternal  thunders  of  the  deep 
Into  my  ears  this  truth  —  Thou  liv'st  forever! 


pRESS  onward  through  each  vary 
•*■     Let  no  weak  fears  thy  course  de 
Immortal  being!    feel  thy  power. 
Pursue  thy  bright  and  endless  w£ 


hour ; 


A':t' 


LL,  to  re-flourish,  fades; 

in  a  wheel,  all  sinks,  to  reascend. 
Emblems  of  man,  who  passes,  not  expires. 


'T'HE  spirit  of  man 
A    Which  God  inspired,  ( 
With  this  corporeal  clod. 


mnot  together  perish 


I 


''OLD  in  the  dust  this  perish'd  heart  may  lie, 
^   But  that  which  warm'd  it  once  shall  never  die. 


I 


-^ 


(!3oiUpl)lcna   C\lobasa.      Natural  Order:  Amarautaccic — Avmrajith  Family. 


«►— /(>— ^'*v>^  I  IE  Globe  Amaranth  is  a  tender  annual  from  the  flowery 
\alcs  of  India.  It  is  valued  chiefly  for  its  heads  of  bright, 
lound,  purple  flowers,  which,  if  gathered  when  freshly  blos- 
sonuil  will  retain  their  brilliancy  for  years.  The  white 
\anet\  is  cultivated  for  the  same  purpose,  the  two  forming 
\tiv  pretty  bouquets  for  winter.  The  seeds  are  enveloped 
HI  a  cotton}  substance,  which  should  be  removed  before  planting, 
•  IS  it  hinders  the  process  of  germination. 


CHANGE  but  in  (iving,  and  no  holier  vow 
From  lips  mortal  e'er  came  than   I  breathe  to  thee  n( 
It  comes  from  a  heart  with  love  lor  thee  sighing; 
Believe  me,  'tis  true — I  change  but  in  dying. 

—John  S.  Adati 


T   WAS  not  false  to  thee,  and  yet 
•'■     My  cheek  alone  look'd  pale! 
My  weary  eye  was  dim  and  wet, 

My  strength  began  to  fail; 
Thou  wert  the  same;  thy  looks  were  gay, 

Thy  step  was  light  and  free: 
And  yet,  with  truth  my  heart  can  say, 

I   was  not  false  to  thee. 

— Mrs.  Norton. 


T    WOULD  not  leave  thee  did  I   know 
*■     That  all  the  world's  reproach  were  true 
That  'neath  some  great  temptation's  power 

Thy  soul  had  lost  its  native  hue; 
Had  dyed  itself  with  darkest  guilt; 

Had  plunged  without  remorse  in  crime: 
Not  even  then  would  I  forsake  — 

Thine,  and  thine  only,  for  all  time. 


'TTHE  mountain  rill 
^     Seeks  with  no  surer  fl< 
Than  my  unchang'd  affccti 


pHANGELESS  as  the  greenest  leaves 
^  Of  the  wreath  the  cypress  weaves  — 
Hopeless  often  when  most  fond — ; 
Without  hope  or  fear  beyond 
Its  own  pale  fidelity. 

— J/;>.v  Laiidon. 


the  far,  bright  sea, 
flows  to  thee. 

— Park  Benjamin. 

and  with  all  of  eloquence  thou  hast. 

The  burning  story  of  my  love  discover; 

And  if  the  theme  should  fail,  alas!  to  move  her, 

Tell  her  when  youth's  gay  summer-flowers  are  past, 

Like  thee,  my  love  will  blossom  till  the  last! 

—Charles  F.  Hoffi 


pO! 


^^ 


"^, 


J^margllis. 


y 


Sprckclia   fonilOSissima.      Natural  Order:  Amaryllidacccc— Amaryllis  Family. 


UMEROUS  varieties  of  these  beautiful   tropical   bulbs  are  to 

be    found    with    florists    and    seedsmen,    the    most    common 

being,   perhaps,  those    known    as    the  Atamasco,  Belladonna, 

and  Jacobea  lilies,  from  their  superb,  lily-like  flowers.     There 

ig?^^  are,  however,  about  a  hundred  and  fifty  others,  diflering  in 

^e!^^   their  coloring,  tinie  of  blooming,  or  shape  of  flower,  that  are 

worthy  all   the   enthusiasm  they  have  inspired.      The  root   is  similar 

to  a  large  onion,  either  tapering  upward  or  flattened,  according   to 

the    species;    the   leaves   thick,   long   and   narrow;    the    flower-stalk 

about  a  foot  high.      They  are   grown   in   pots,  either  as  window  or 

greenhouse  plants.     The  Amaryllis  receives  its  name  from  a  n3-mph, 

mentioned    in    the    Eclogues   of    Virgil,    where    Corydon    thinks    the 

cruel  anger  and  proud  disdain  of  Amar3-llis  was  easier  to  bear  than 

the  cool  indifterence  of  Alexis,  whom  he  so  madly  loved. 


Jrib. 


W' 


pRIDE, 
^    or  all  sii 

'AKEN,  thou  lair  one!    up,  Aman 

Morning  so  still  is; 

Cool  is  the  gale; 

Tlie  rainbow  of  heaven, 

With  its  hues  seven. 

Brightness  hath  given 

To  wood  and  dale; 
Sweet  Amaryllis,  let  me  convey  thee; 
In  Neptune's  arms  naught  shall  affray 
Sleep's  god  no  longer  power  has  to  st 
Over  thy  eyes  and  speech  to  prevail. 


elf-adorning  pride,  w 
in  past,  all  pain,  all 


thee: 
IV  thee, 


primal  cause 
ae  to  come. 

—Pollock. 


TTOW  poor  a  thing  is  pride!  when  i 
^  ^     Differ  but  in  their  fetters,  not  th( 


graves. 


T' 


-Carl  Michael  Bellman. 


lOUGH  various  foes  against  the  truth  combine 
Pride,  above  all,  opposes  her  design; 
Pride,  of  a  growth  superior  to  the  rest, 
The  subtlest  serpent,  with  the  loftiest  crest. 
Swells  at  the  thought,  and  kindling  into  r.ige, 
Would  hiss  the  cherub  Mercy  from  the  st.age. 

-Cowfer. 

T  'LL  go  along,  no  such  sight  to  be  shown, 
1      But  to  rejoice  in  splendor  of  mine  own. 

—Shakesfearc. 


(lll)UJa   OCl'ftcutalis.      Natural  Order:    Conifcric  —  Phic  Family. 


HIS  tree  is  almost  identical  with  the  White  Cedar,  and  is 
frequently  mistaken  tor  it.  It  is  very  abundant  along  the 
rocky  shores  of  lakes,  rivers,  and  swamps  of  the  northern 
parts  of  the  United  States  and  the  Canadian  provinces.  The 
trunk  is  crooked  and  covered  with  evergreen  foliage  from 
bottom  to  top,  the  branches  diminishing  in  length  toward  the 
The  wood  is  very  light  and  soft,  yet  it  is  said  to  be  durable, 
issical  name  is  derived  from  the  Greek  word  thito.,  I  sacrifice, 
^  its  fragrance  made  it  a  favorite  wood  for  sacrificial  fires. 


>^  p 


«|i„,  till  J«l|. 

QO   we  grow  together, 

^   Like  to  a  double  cherry,  seeming  parted, 

But  yet  a  union  in  partition. 

Two  lovely  berries  molded  on  one  stem;. 

So  with  two  seeming  bodies,  but  one  heart. 


r 


T 


% 


life  for  me  hath  joy  or  light, 

'Tis  all  from  thee; 
tlioughts  by  day,  my  dreams  by  night. 

Are  but  of  thee,  of  only  thee; 
ate'er  of  liope  or  peace  I  know, 
zest  in  joy,  my  balm  in  woe, 
those  dear  eyes  of  thine  I  owe; 

'Tis  all  from  thee. 

T    CHANGE  but  in  dt 

May  gather  around 

But  true  as  the  needle. 

Will   my  heart  turn  to 

task  befits  thee  well, 
gather  firmness  as  the  tempests  sw-ell 
me  still,  companion,  wife  and  friend, 
;  in  fond  endurance  to  the  end. 

-  Victor  Iluffo. 


My  heart,  ev'n  ere  I  saw  those  eyes, 

Seem'd  dooni'd  to  thee; 
Kept  pure  till  then   from  other  ties, 

'T  was  all  for  thee,  for  only  thee. 
Like  plants  that  sleep  till  sunny   May 
Calls  forth  their  life,  my  spirit  lay, 
Till  touch'd  by  love's  awak'ning  ray, 

It  lived  for  thee,  it  lived  for  thee. 
—Mo, 
ing!  the  trials  of  earth 
me  and  darken  my  path, 
which  points  to  the  pole, 
thee  —  thou  beloved  of  tny  soul. 

—  T.  Dreiv. 

UT  green  above  them 
Thy  branches  grow; 
Like  a  buried  love,  or  a  vanish'd  joy, 
Link'd  unto  memories  none  destroy. 


B' 


.J 


^^^ 


HlmUS   ;^mcrirana.      Natural  Order:   UlmacecE—Elm  Family. 


XE  of  the  most  beautiful  trees  in  the  United  States  is  the 
Vmerican  Elm.  Nothing  can  surpass  the  exquisite  beauty  of 
u^  long,  pendulous  branches,  that  hang  from  its  ample  crown 
lik(.'  brown  threads  strung  with  dark-green  leaves.  The  trunk 
li'-e-;  erect  to  a  considerable  height,  whence  it  stretches  upward 
innumerable  arms  to  sustain  the  wealth  of  foliage  whose  shadow 
'-./si"'  '"''^  '^'^  i-'Hiicing  on  the  grass  beneath.  Clusters  of  smaller  twigs  adorn 
^■^^^^l|0^'^^"  ^°*^>'  "'^  ^'^  ^'■*^*^'  where  they  sway  with  all  the  grace  of  an  ostrich 
Y''lt^  P^"'"^''  catching  the  slightest  motion  of  the  toying  breeze,  as  if  the 
•j^'i-<-:;P  sun  and  air  filled  them  with  an  ecstatic  joy.  The  Elm  thrives  best 
■iilk.-^    '"   '""'^'^   '^"*^®'  particularly  lowland   pastures,  where  it  makes  a  rapid 


n  /  \V_)  growth.     It  has   been   much   used   around   the  sequestered   homes  of 
New  England,  and  the  effect  has  been  most  picturesque. 


r\   HEAVEN,  he  cried,  my  bleeding  country  save! 

Is  there  no  hand  on  high  to  shield  the  brave.' 
Yet  though  desti-uction  sweep  those  lovely  plains, 
Rise,  fellow-men!  our  country  yet  remains!         -Ca^,pMl. 


O  NATCH   from   the  ashes  of  your  sires  T^HE  sword  may  pierce  the  bearer, 

The  embers  of  their  former  fires,  •»-     Stone  walls  in  time  may  sever; 

And  he  who  in  the  strife  expires  'Tis  heart  alone, 

Will  add  to  theirs  a  name  of  fear  W'orth  steel  and  stone, 

That  tyranny  shall  quake  to  hear.  That  keeps  man  free  forever! 

-Byron.  -Moore. 

JUDGE  me  not  ungentle, 
•J     Of  manners  rude,  and  insolent  of  speech, 
If  when   the  public  safety   is  in  question. 
My  zeal   flows  warm  and  eager  from  my  tongue. 

TTE  who  maintains  his  countrv's  laws 

Alone  is  great;  or  he  who  dies  in  the  good  cause. 

— Sir  A.  HuiH. 

■5 


i 


g^mjeriiCiim  gimitl^m. 


(Silia   ;^lUCricana.      Natural  Order:    Tiliacccv  —  Linden  Family. 


VSSWOOD  is  the  common  name  for  this  forest  tree  in  our 

Northern  States.     It  grows  to  a  great  height,  and  abounds  in 

"y'a   wholesome    mucilaginous    juice.       Its    tender    young    twigs 

are  often  pulled  and  eaten   by  school  children    for  this    prop- 

',    erty.      The  inner  bark  is  sometimes  manufactured  into  rope. 

•':^  The  wood  is  very  soft  and  white,  and  is  used  for  the  paneling 

of  carriages    and   in   cabinet  work,  as   it   is    easily  wrought. 

The    celebrated    Russia    matting    is    manufactured    from    a   species    of 

European  Linden,  while  the  East  Indians  rely  upon  the  native  species 

for  their  rice  bags,  fishing  nets  and  lines. 


liri 


mani 


"I17EDDED  love  is  founded  on  esteem, 
'•      Which  the  fair  merits  of  the  mind  engage, 
For  those  are  charms  which  never  can  decay ; 
But  time,  which  gives  new  whiteness  to  the  swan, 
Improves  their  luster.  —Faiton. 


'T^HOUGH  fools  spurn  Hymen's  gentle  powe 
■*■     We,  who  improve  his  golden  hours, 

By  sweet  experience  know 
That  marriage,  rightly  understood. 
Gives  to  the  tender  and  the  good, 

A  paradise  below.  —Cotton 


TJAVE  I  a  wish.'  'tis  all  her  own; 

All  hers  and  mine  are  rolled  in  one  — 

Our  hearts  are  so  entwined. 
That  like  the  ivy  round  the  tree, 
Bound  up  in  closest  amity, 

'Tis  death  to  be  disjoined.       —Liiidhy  Murray. 


V:\ 


TEMPTING  gold 
In   this  our  age 
Than   virtue,  merit,  c 


done 

nore  marriages  completes 

-  the  force  of  love. 

—  Wandesford. 


still  the  woman  take 
An  elder  than  herself;  so  wears  she  to  hiin, 
So  sways  she  level  in  her  husband's  heart. 

— Shakespeare. 


W' 


AT  thou  art  is 
Our  state  canno 
One  flesh;  to  lose  the 


be  scver'd ;  we  are  one, 
were  to  lose  myself. 

—Milton. 


J 


^^& 


2lubrom£&a   l)I)pnoil)CS.      Natukal  Order:  Ericacea:— Heath  Family. 


EPHEUS,  an  ancient  king  of  Ethiopia,  had  a  very  proud  and 
haughty  wife  named  Cassiopeia,  and  a  daughter  Andromeda. 
His  wife  was  so  vain  of  her  beauty  that  she  contested  with 
Juno  for  the  supremacy.  For  such  temerity,  Jupiter  issued  a 
decree  that  her  daughter  should  be  bound  to  a  rock  on  the 
coast,  that  she  might  be  devoured  by  sea-monsters.  Perseus, 
a  son  of  Jupiter,  and  adopted  son  of  the  king  of  Seriphos,  undertook  an 
expedition  against  the  Gorgon  Medusa,  and  upon  his  return  discov- 
ered the  luckless  Andromeda  languishing  in  the  cords  that  bound  her, 
and  after  overcoming  dangerous  obstacles,  rescued  and  married  her.  Her 
name  was  given  to  a  constellation  in  the  heavens,  and  botanists  have  also 
named  this  little  shrub  in  her  honor. 


T  ET  wit  her  sails,  her  oars  let  wisdom  lend; 

The  helm  let  politic  experience  guide : 
Yet  cease  to  hope  thv  short-lived  bark  shall  ride 
Down  spreading  fate's  unnavigable  tide. 


0 


XWILLING   I  forsook  vour  friendly  state, 
Commanded  bj  the  gods  and  forced  by  fate. 

THOU  who  freest  me  t 
Long  lost  and  wilder'd 
present  still. 


m  mv  doubtful  state, 
the  maze  of  fate ! 

—Pope. 


—Prior. 

QOME  taste  the  lotus,  and  forget 
^   What  life  it  was  thev  lived  before; 
And  some  stray  on  the  seas  and  set 

Their  feet  on  every  happy  shore; 

But  I  —  I  linger  evermore. 

—Ja)tu\^  Afauricf  Thomp^t 


pATE  steals  along  with  ceaseless  tread. 

And  meets  us  oft  when  least  we  dread; 
Frowns  in  the  storm  with  threatening  brow. 


H" 


ERE   I 
Here 
Break  the 


Yet  in  the  si 

walk  the  sands  at  eve. 
n  solitude  I  grieve, 
.pells  we  loved  to  weave. 

-Jame^  Franklin. 


strikes  the  blow. 


THE  d 
Fv'n 


-Cr.7,./,v. 

ly  too  short  for  my  d 
in  the  zenith  of  her 
ne  to  the  color  of  my 


stress;  and  ni 
lark  domain, 
fate. 


^ 


3^mjem0tt^. 


^ncniOlU"  COronaria.      Natural  Order:    Raminculacea:  —  Croxvfoot  Family. 


IN D- FLOWER  is  a  frequent  appellation  of  this  beautiful 
-  little  plant,  which  comes  from  the  countries  bordering 
on  the  eastern  coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  known  col- 
,  lectively  as  the  Levant.  We  find  quite  a  beautiful  fable 
:oncerning  it  in  heathen  mythology:  Anemone  was  a  nymph 
.  .,  *  ^  greatly  beloved  of  Zephyr,  and  Flora,  being  jealous  of  her 
.  V  luty,  banished  her  from  court,  and  finally  transformed  her  into  the 
flower  that  bears  her  name;  whence  it  is  sometimes  taken  to  express 
witheied  hopes.  It  is  also  connected  with  the  story  (already  given)  of 
the  love  of  Venus  for  Adonis,  on  which  account  the  language  has  been 
made  "Anticipation,"  as  she  spent  one-half  the  year  longing  and  watch- 
ing for  his  return. 


'yO  the  fond,  doubting  heart  its  hopes  appear 
^     Too  brightly  fair,  too  sweet  to  reaHze; 
All  seem  but  daydreams  of  delight  too  dear; 
Strange  hopes  and  fears  in  painful  contest  rise, 
While  the  scarce-trusted  bliss  seems  but  to  cheat  the 


Mrs. 


QUE  looked  from  out  the  window 
^   With  long  and  asking  gaze, 
F^rom  the  gold-clear  light  of  morning 
To  the  twilight's  purple  haze. 
Cold  and  pale  the  planets  shone, 
Still  the  girl  kept  gazing  on. 

TN 


Tiglie. 

.-  forehead 


From  her  white  and 
Droopeth  the  dark  hair. 
Heavy  with  the  dews  of  evening, 
Heavier  with  her  care; 
Falling  as  the   shadows  fall, 
'Till  flung  'round  her  like  a  pall 


—  L.  E.  Landoii 


fair  hope  lay  smiling 
r,  and  all  beguiling; 


hearts 
^    Sweet  as  ai 
And  there  hung  a  mist  of  bluebells  on  the  slope  and  down  the  dell ; 

And   we  talked  of  joy  and  splendor 

That  the  years  unborn  would  render. 

And  the  blackbirds  helped  us  with  the  story,  for  they   knew  it  well. 

i8 


li 


^n^tlithx. 


■Jlugelica  atvopur^urra.      Natlkal  Order:   Ui>ibcllifci\c  —  Parsley  Family. 


HIS  plant  is  the  largest  of  the  species,  the  stalks  attaining 
the  height  of  from  four  to  six  feet.  It  grows  usually  in  a 
wild  or  half-naturalized  state,  in  fields  and  meadows,  possesses 
strong  aromatic  properties,  and  is  sometimes  used  in  medicine. 
The  garden  Angelica  is  supposed  to  be  a  native  of  Labrador, 
and  is  the  plant  cultivated  and  used  the  same  as  celery,  the 

hed  stalks  adding  a  good  relish  when  other  salads  are  scarce. 

poets  of  Lapland  fancied  they  derived  inspiration  from  wearing 

a  crown;   hence  its  application. 


nsnir 


aiicn. 


'T'HE  poets  may  of  inspiration  boast. 

Their  rage,  ill  governed,  in  the  clouds  is  lost; 
He  that  proportioned  wonders  can  disclose. 
At  once  his  fancy  and  his  judgment  shows; 
Chaste  moral  writing  we  may  learn  from  hence. 
Neglect  of  which  no  wit  can  recompense. 
The  fountain  which  from  Helicon  proceeds, 
That  sacred  stream  should  never  water  weeds. 
Nor  make  the  cup  of  thorns  and  thistles  grow. 
Which  en\y  or  perverted  nature  sow.  -  Roscomn. 


.pOETS  are  limners  of  another  kind,  T^  YES  planet  calm,  with  something  in  their  visio 

^      To  copy  our  ideas  in  the  mind;  ^    That  seemed  not  of  earth's  mortal  mixture  bori 

Words  are  the  paint  by  which  their  tho'ts  are  shown,  Strange  mythic  faiths  and  fantasies  Elysian, 

And  nature  is  the  object  to  be  drawn.  And  far,  sweet  dreams  of  "fairy  lands  forlorn. 

—Granville.  —Sarah  Helen  Whitman. 

'T'HE  poet's  eye.  in  a  fine  frenzy  rolling, 
'^     Doth  glance  from  heaven  to  earth,  from  earth  to  heaven; 
And,  as  imagination  bodies  forth 
The  forms  of  things  unknown,  the  poet's  pen 
Turns  them  to  shapes,  and  gives  to  airy  nothing 
A  local  habitation  and  a  name.  —Shakespeare. 

19 


1 


Ji 


i 


3^|r0iCfmmm< 


^Ipanmuni  all^^OSlrmitoliUln.      Xati-ral  Order:  Apocynacece — Dogbane  Family. 


MO\G   our  wild   field-flowers  we   meet  with   this   plant,  some- 

timts  called  Dogbane,  because,  according  to  Pliny,  some  of 

the  species  were  supposed   to  be  fatal   to   those  animals,  as 

IS,  indeed,  the  extract  of  one  of  the  genus,  which  is  obtained 

^  tiom  the  seeds  of  the  strychnos  nux  vomica  of  India.     It  is 

-.  sold  under  the  name  of  strychnine,  and  is  fatal  not  only  to 

cainne  race,  but  to  all  animal  life.      This  plant  is  about  three  feet 

lni;h,  with  opposite  leaves   from  two  to  three  inches  long,  rounded  at 

the  base,  and  sharp  at  the  point.      The  flower  is  small,  white,  striped 

w  ith  red,  and  is  rather  pretty. 


A  H !  doom'd  indeed  to  worse  than  death, 
■^  *■   To  teach  those  sweet  lips  hourly  guile ; 
To  breathe  through  life  but  falsehood's  breath, 
And  smile  with  falsehood's  smile. 

— .)/r,t.  Osgood. 


PIRST,  I  would  have  thee  cherish  truth, 

As  leading-star  in  virtue's  train; 
Folly  may  pass,  nor  tarnish  youth. 
But  falsehood  leaves  a  poison-stain. 

—Eliza  Cook. 

"llflNNING  his  carriage,  every  look 

Employed  whilst  it  concealed  a  hook; 
WHien  simple  most,  most  to  be  feared; 
Most  crafty  when   no  craft  appeared ; 
His  tales  no  man  like  him  could  tell; 
His  words,  which  melted  as  they  fell, 
Might  even  a  hypocrite  deceive. 
And  make  an  infidel  believe. 

-Anon. 


'T*HE  man  of  pure  and  simple  heart 

Through  life  disdains  a  double  part 
He  never  needs  the  screen  of  lies 
His  inward  bosom  to  disguise. 


A 

MD  though  I  stand 

In  a  lonelv  land. 

Afar 

from  the  touch  of  a  tender  hand, 

Or 

a  mouth  to  kiss  — 

It  i 

better  this 

Than 

to 

cling 

to  a  falsehood  and  dream  it  bliss 

—Mary  E.  Bi 

adlev. 

N° 

faN 

ehood 

shall  defile  mv  lips  with  1 

ies 

Dr  X 

vith  a 

veil  of  truth  disguise,     —s 

■.ndys. 

i 


-^ 


I 


JpUl'US  mains.      Natural  Order:  Rosacea: — Rose  Family. 


ITII  lavish  hand  have  the  fruits  been  bestowed  upon  southern 
and  tropical  climates,  both  in  regard  to  variety  and  abund- 
mce;  but  the  apple,  which  is  superior  to  them  all,  on 
iccount  ot"  the  various  \va3's  it  may  be  used,  the  length 
ot  tune  which  it  will  keep  in  perfection,  and  the  frequency 
with  which  it  ma}-  be  eaten  without  satiating  the  appetite, 
1^  a  particular  boon  to  the  dwellers  of  cold  climates,  for  there  it  obtains 
ii>  greatest  si/e  and  most  perfect  flavor.  The  blossom  is  sweet-scented, 
and  has  a  delicate  pink  flush.     An  orchard  in  bloom  is  a  charming  sight. 


I^rcfci 


T    MIND  the  apple  blossoms,  how  thick  they  were  that  spring! 

Yes,  and  I'm  likelv  to  mind  them  as  long  as  any  thing. 
Some  of  the  boughs,  I  remember,  were  just  a  sight  to  see; 
The  buds  were  as  red  as  roses,  all  over  the  top  of  the  tree. 
I  held  a  branch  while  she  stripped  it,  till,  shaken  out  of  place, 
A  bee  from  one  of  the  broken  flowers  came  flying  into  her  face. 
She  screamed,  and  I  —  I  kissed  her,  just  for  a  cure,  you  know. 
And  she  blushed  till  her  cheeks  were  pinker  than  the  pinkest  apple  blow. 

— Kait^  Putnam  Onffotij. 


pOME,  let  us  plant  the  apple  tree: 

Cleave  tlie  tough  greensward  with  the  spade; 
Wide  let  its  hollow  bed   be  made; 
There  gently  lay  the  roots,  and  there 
.Sift  the  dark   mold  with  kindly  care. 

And  press  it  o'er  them  tenderly. 
As  round  the  sleeping  infant's  feet 
We  softly  fold  the  cradle  sheet; 

So  plant  we  the  apple  tree. 


What  plant  we  in  this  apple  tree.' 
Buds,  which  the  breath  of  summer  days 
Shall  lengthen  into  leafy  sprays; 
Boughs  where  the  thrush,  with  crimson  breast. 
Shall  haunt,  and  sing,  and  hide  her  nest; 

We  plant,  upon  the  sunny  lea, 
A  shadow  for  the  noontide  hour, 
A  shelter  from  the  summer  shower. 

When  we  plant  the  apple  tree.  —Bryant. 


TF  others  be  as  fair, 

What  are  their  charms 

I  neither  know  nor  care. 
For  thou  art  all  to  me. 
21 


'Afrs.  Seba  Smit/i. 


3^|rric0t< 


IprUUUS  ^nUfUiaca.       Xatlral  Order:  Rosacea:  —  Rose  Family. 


^  ^  -^>  N  the  Apricot  we  have  a  tree  that  is  thought  to  have  origi- 
i-   ^  ^      nated   in  Armenia,  but  which   is   also  found  in   the  countries 
^4-  #  adjacent,  and  as  far  east  as  the  Celestial  Empire  and  Japan. 
t|*^  ^      Its  introduction  into  Europe  is  said  to  have  been  eflected  by 
Alexander  the  Great,  since  whose  time  it  has  been  generally 


^  -^     cuhivated    there.      The  tree   is    medium    in    size,  being  from 

tiltten  to  twenty  feet  high.  The  flowers  are  white,  and  make  their 
appearance  in  April  or  May,  before  the  putting  forth  of  the  leaves. 
The  fruit  is  of  a  purplish-golden  hue,  from  one  to  two  inches  in  diameter, 
and  is  palatable  either  to  be  eaten  in  its  natural  state  or  made  into  a 
preserve  or  jelly.  It  is  cultivated  in  some  parts  of  the  United  States, 
and  thrives  best  in  a  temperate  or  warm  climate. 


Ifiitpfalion. 

'T'O  shun  th'  allurement  is  not  hard 

To  minds  resolved,  t'orewarn'd  and 
But  wondrous  difficult,  wlien  once  beset. 
To  struggle  through  the  straits  and  brea 


k   th' 


i-mg  net.       —Dryden. 


T  PICTURE  easeful  moments  spent 
Among  broad,  shadowy  branches,  lit'tin 

Their  gloss  to  some  pure  firmament 

Where  spheres  of  palid  fleece  are  driftii 


N 


O  fort  can  be  so 

No  fleshy  breas 

;  will  at  last  be  \' 


I  see  the  flexuous  vine-coil  drowse, 
The  deep,  dark  mosses  glimmer  greenly 

And  watch  between  close-tangled  boughs 

The  clear-curved  breaker  flashing  keenl; 

— Edffar  Fa~.vt 

strong, 

can  armed  be  so  sound, 
on  with  batterv  long. 


Or  unawares  at  disadvantage  found ; 
Nothing  is  sure  that  grows  on  earthly  ground  — 

And  who  most  trusts  in  ann  of  fleshy  might, 
And  boasts  in  beauty's  chain  not  to  be  bound, 

Doth  soonest  fall  in  disadventurous  fight, 
And  yields  his  catifl^  neck  to  victors  most  despight. 


Ky 


k 


^^ 


g^rlrittms. 


1 


(JrpigtTa   repcns.      Nati-ral  Order:    Ericacccv  —Heath  Family. 


,OT  infrequently  called  Trailing  Arbutus,  and  sometimes  May- 
flower, this  plant  is  found  in  mountainous  and  hilly  districts 
in  our  Northern  States  and  British  America.  It  is  a  procum- 
bent shrub,  and  derives  its  botanical  name  from  efi  and  gaca, 
^^  two  Greek  words  signifying  lying  on  the  ground,  from  the 
i©  ^^^  habit  of  the  plant.  The  flowers  appear  in  spring  from  April 
,,  to  May.  They  are  white,  frequently  with  a  blush  of  red  cast  o\er 
,  them,  and  are  very  fragrant.  It  has  been  suggested  that  this  plant 
t>  be  adopted,  under  the  name  of  Ma^'flower,  as  the  floral  emblem  of 
'^  our  country,  corresponding  to  the  Rose  of  England,  the  Fleur-de-lis 
"-^  of  Fiance,  etc. 


"^ 


^implutii|, 


T    KNOW 
A    And  thcr 


Arbutus, 


i-eet 


wildwood  haunts  where  thou  abidest, 
le  mossy   nooks  where  most  thou  hides: 
and  shv.  -"'■  C.  Ric. 


ARBUTUS  graceful  traihng, 

^  *■   Amid  brown  mosses  vaiUng, 

Thy  pink-wax  clusters  hailing, 

Thv  fragrance  we  adore. 


Mayflower!    Anew  we  name  thee! 
A  nation  now  we  claim  thee  — 
No  dastard  e'er  defame  thee. 
Symbol   forevermore! 


-Emilv   T.  Bel. 


WAS 

I   pay- 


great 


debts,  believe,  and  say 


pray 


D 


lARLINGS  of  the  forest! 
Blossoming  alone, 
When  earth's  grief  is  sorest 
For  her  jewels  gone  — 
the    last    snowdrift    melts,   your   tender  buds 
have  blown. 

A    CHARM  hast  thou 

^  Thou  little  beaming 

How  thrilled  thy  smile 

The  wearied  pilgrin 


-Pop.: 
Tinged  with  color  faintly, 
Like  the  morning  sky. 
Or,  more  pale  and  saintly. 

Wrapped  in   leaves  ye  lie  — 
Even  as  children  sleep  in  faith's  simplicity. 

—Rose  Terry. 
no  forest  flower  can  boast, 
herald  of  the  spring! 
«hen  on  our  rock-bound  coast 
s  found  thee  blossoming!       —H.  N.  Jenks. 


1\ 


^ 


i 


J^r^thmsa. 


1 


^ICtljUSa   bulbasa.      Natural  Oudek:    Orchidacccv— Orchis  Family. 


AMP    places,  such   as   swamps  and    low,  marshy  meadows,  are 

-\  the  chosen  retreats  of  this  beautiful  plant.      Each  plant   bears 

('''one    handsome,   large,  fragrant    flower,  of  a  rich    purple    hue. 

;Il' It  derives    its   name   from   Arethusa,  a  nymph  of  great   beauty, 

,h()  served  in  the  suit  of  the  goddess  Diana.      She  attracted  the 

attention    of    the    river-god   Alpheus,  while    bathing    in    his    river,    the 

Alpheius  of  Arcadia.      He  immediately  fell  in  love  with  her  perfections, 

and   she   fled  away  abashed.      To  save  her  from  his  pursuit,  she  was 

changed  by  Diana  into  a  fountain. 


'X'HE  clouds  dispeird,  the  skv   resum'd  her  light, 

And  nature  stood  recover'd  of  her  fright, 
But  fear,  the  last  of  ills,  remain'd  behind, 
And  horror  heavy  sat  on  every  mind.  —Dryden. 


A  RETHUSA  arose 

From  her  couch  of  snows, 
In  the  Acroceraunian  mountains, — 
From  cloud  and  from  crag 
With  many  a  jag. 
Shepherding  her  bright  fountains. 
She  leapt  down  the  rocks 
With  her  rainbow  locks 
Streaming  among  the  streams; — 


Her  steps  paved  with  green 

The  downward  ravine 
Which  slopes  to  the  western  gleams; 

And  gliding  and  springing, 

She  went  ever  singing 
In  murmurs  as  soft  as  sleep; 

The  earth  seemed  to  love  her. 

And  heaven  above  her. 
As  she  lingered  toward  the  deep. 


TJIS  hand  did  quake 

And  tremble  like  a  leaf  of  aspen  green. 
And  troubled  blood  through  his  pale  face  w.- 
As  it  a  running  messenger  had  been. 


i  seen, 


TTIS  fear  was  greater  than  his  haste; 

For  fear,  though  fleeter  than  the  v 

Believes  'tis  alwavs  left  behind.  _; 


T 


HOI'  Shalt  be 


punish'd   for  thus   frighting  me, 
;  and  capable  of  fears; 
Oppress'd  with  wrongs,  and  therefore  full  of  fears. 
— Shakespeare, 


^ 


li 


g^t^i0t0l0jcftia. 


1 


2lristalail)ia   s\\l\]0.      Natural  Order:  Aristolocliiacciv  —  Bi>-t/i%vort  Family. 


.,.9:i2^ 


ERE  is  a  climbing  shrub  found  in  our  Middle  and  Southern 
States,  generally  in  upland  woods,  frequently  attaining  the 
height  of  thirty  feet  or  more.  The  leaves  are  large  and 
heart-shaped,  arranged  alternately  on  each  side  of  the  stem. 
The  flowers  are  particularly  striking,  blooming  singly,  each 
tube  being  long  and  turned  up  in  the  form  of  a  tobacco-pipe,  and  of 
a  brownish  color.  Hence  the  shrub  is  frequently  called  Dutchman's 
Pipe.  The  Aristolochia  Bonplandi,  a  fine  plant  for  greenhouse  cul- 
ture, is  a  native  of  Patagonia,  and,  like  some  two  or  three  others, 
thrives  best  in  the  warm,  moist  air  of  the  hothouse.  The  flowers 
of  all  have  the  same  peculiar  structure ;  the-  colors  are  purple  or  a 
greenish  brown,  some  of  them  being  beautifully  spotted. 


■XrOUR   wisdom  is  most  liberal,  and  knows 
^     How  fond  a  thing  it  is  for  discreet  men 
To  purchase  with  the  loss  of  their  estate 
The  name  of  one  poor  virtue,  liberality, 
And  that,  too,  only  from  the  mouth  of  beggars ! 
One  of  vour  judgment  would  not,  I  am  sure, 
Buy  all  the  virtues  at  so  dear  a  rate.  —Randolj^h. 


■nUT  th'  earth  herself,  of  her  owne  motion, 
Out  of  her  fniitfidl  bosome  made  to  growe 
Most  daintie  trees,  that,  shooting  up  anon. 
Did  seeme  to  bow  their  blooming  heads  full  lowe 
For  homage  unto  her,  and  like  a  throne  did  show. 


T   HAVE  spent  all  the  wealth 

My  ancestors  did  purchase ;  made  others  brave 
In  shape  and  riches,  and  myself  a  knave : 
For  tho'  my  wealth  rais'd  some  to  paint  their  door, 
'Tis  shut  against  me,  saying  I  am  poor. 

—  Wiliins. 


^^- 


'HE  feast  is  such  as  earth,  the  general  mother. 

Pours  from  her  fairest  bosom,  when  she  smiles 
the  embrace  of  antumn.  —S/ie/fy. 

25 


m 


f 


5v1i 


^riliia   mollis.      Xatural  Order:    Compositce  —  Aster  Family. 


ROWING    in    the    ravines    of    the    White,    Essex    and    other 

■  mountains  in  the  east,  and  on  the  Rocky  mountains  in  the 
west,  the  Arnica,  an  Alpine  plant,  is  found.  The  flowers 
are    yellow,   and    are    borne  on   stalks  from    one    to   two    feet 

'  high.  When  dried  the}^  form  an  article  of  commerce,  being 
used  to  reduce  inflammation  in  wounds  and  bruises.     A  tinc- 

usually  prepared  with  alcohol,  or  spirits  of  some  kind;  or  for 
temporary  use  a  lotion  is  made  by  steeping  them  in  water. 


11 7 HAT,  man!    ne'er  pull  your  hat  upon  vour  brows! 
Give  sorrow  words:  the  grief  that  does  not  speak, 
W'hispers  the  o'er-tVaught  heart,  and  bids  it  break. 

-Sl,ahesp,m 


\\ 


thou   uilt  ease  thine  heart 
Oi'  love,  and  all  its  sm.irt  — 

Then  sleep!    dear,  sleep! 
And  not  a  sorrow 
Hang  anv  tear  on  your  eyelashes; 

Lie  still  and  deep. 
Sad  soul,  until  the  sea-wave  v\ashes 
The  riin  o'  the  sun  tomorrow. 

In  eastern  sky. 


But  wilt  thou  cure  thine  heart 
Of"  love,  and  all  its  smart  — 

Then  die!  dear,  die! 
'Tis  deeper,  sweeter. 
Than  on  a  rose  bank  to  lie  dreaming 

With  folded  eye; 
And  then  alone,  amid  the  beaming 
or  love's  stars,  thou'lt  meet  her 

In  eastern  sky. 


-Thomas  Lorell  Beddocs. 


H 


ALF  the  ills  we  hoard  within  our  hearts 
Are  ills  because  we  hoard  them.        —Proctor. 


T  N  sympathy,  then,  I  give  thee  a  hand. 

And  greet  thee  as  thus  we  go. 
And  pledge  a  renewal  in  that  bright  land 
Where  pIea^ures  perennial  grow. 

-Jaiu-  E.  Lock,'. 


'T'HO'  dark  the  night,  'tis  not  forever; 
A  day -beam  comes,  in  mercy  given - 


Before  its 
The  \\a 


ray  the  storm-clouds 
idering  soul  hath  res 


MOffiirr  utufx 


Tit 


3^-scXtyiaB< 


^SClcpiaS    COnUlti.       Xatlkai,  Order:  Asdepiadacecv  —  Milk-vced  Family. 


ROM  a  hoary  antiquity  has  descended  the  name  ^sculapius, 
represented  as  an  aged  man  with  a  heavy  beard,  leaning 
'  upon  his  jointed  cane,  and  his  head  adorned  with  a  crown 
of  laurel.  He  was  the  god  of  medicine,  and  by  his  wisdom 
j)Y<s  and  skill  improved  the  art  of  healing  very  much.  It  was 
^-tsalso  believed  of  him  that,  while  physician  to  the  Argonauts, 
he  had  the  power  of  calling  the  dead  to  life  again.  At  last 
Pluto,  the  god  of  the  lower  world,  jealous  and  provoked,  complained 
that  he  was  losing  his  subjects,  and  persuaded  Jupiter  to  kill  him, 
whKh  ht  (lid  with  a  thunderbolt.  He  was  afterward  worshiped  as 
a  god  in  many  cities  of  Greece  and  at  Rome,  because  he  had  once 
delivered  that  city  from  pestilence.  This  plant  takes  its  name  from 
him.  and  is  the  common  inhabitant  of  our  roadsides,  known  to  school 
children  as  milkweed. 


ianijucr  f  ?"**  Jt^^^* 


'T'HEN  crush,  e'en  in  the  hour  of  birth, 

'■     The  infant  buds  of  love. 
And  tread  the  growing  fire  to  earth 

Ere  "tis  dark  in  clouds  above.       —[{nlUrk. 


Q 


UIT,  quit  for  shame!  this  will  not  move, 
This  cannot  take  her; 
If  of  herself  she  will  not  love, 

Nothing  can  make  her.    -  sir  John  Siicklmg. 


r\  SLIPP-RY  state 

^      Of  human  pleasures,  fleet  and  volatile. 
Given  us  and  snatch'd  again  in  one  short  moment, 
To  mortifv  our  hopes,  and  edge  our  sufi'Vings. 

-Trapp. 


LOVE  is  a  sickness  full  of  woes, 
^    All  remedies  refusing; 
A  plant  that  most  with  cutting  grows. 
Most  barren  with  best  using. 

Why  so.' 
More  we  enjoy  it,  more  it  dies; 
If  not  enjoyed,  it  sighing  cries 

Heigh-ho!  —Samuel  Daniel. 


T    PRAY  you  do  not  fall  in  love  with  me, 
'■   For  I  am  falser  than  vows  made  in  wine. 


Besides,  I  like  vou 


A  ND  let  the  aspiring  youth  beware  of  love, 
^  Of  the  smooth  glance  beware;  for  'tis  too  late, 
When  on  his  heart  the  torrent-softness  pours. 
— Thompson. 


S\ 


Sab^ 


'^/i 
ii 


jrraiiuus  Americana. 


Natural  Order:   O/cacccr — Olive  Family. 


1    VUTIFUL  is  the  ash,  one  of  the   most   dignified  denizens  of 
tlie  forest,  rising  to  a  height  of  from  thirty  to  forty  feet  with- 
out branching,  and  then  crowning  itself  with  large,  dense  and 
handsome    foliage   to   an    extent    full}'  equal    to   the    growth  of 
stately  trunk.     It  delights  in   moist    locations,  as  the  banks 
nvers   and  marshes,  and  does  not  thrive  well   in   barren  or 
situations.     Its  timber  is  elastic,  light,  tough  and  durable, 
ind    IS    much   used    b}-  car-builders,   carriage-makers,   wheelwrights    and 
^     ship-buildeis,  as  well  as  in  the  manufacture   of  agricultural   implements. 


^>--^l  _^       Its   stal 
/^V%f^  of  rive 


irnitbcur. 


'IIT'ITH  goddess-like  demeanor  forth  she  went  — 

Not  unattended,  for  on  her  as  a  queen 
A  pomp  of  winning  graces  waited  still, 
And  from  about  her  shot  darts  of  desire 
Into  all  eves  to  wish  her  still  in  sia^ht. 


W"; 


AT  is  grandeur?     Not  the  sheen 
Of  silken  robes;    no,  nor  the  mien 
And  haughty  eve 
Of  old  nobility— 
The  foolish  that  is  not,  but  has  been. 
The  noblest  trophies  of  mankind 
Are  the  conquests  of  the  mind. 


-Kir  A,  Hunt. 


11 1  ARK  her  majestic  fabric!     She's  a  temple 

Sacred  by  birth,  and  built  by  hands  divine; 
Her  soul's  the  deity  that  lodges  there; 
Nor  is  the  pile  unworthy  of  the  god.        —Drrden. 


"IIIHAT  winning  graces,  what  majestic  mien! 

She  moves  a  goddess,  and  she  looks  a  queer 

—Pope. 


WAS  born 
I  've  honors, 


vith  greatness ; 
titles,  power,  here 


All   vain  external  greatness 


T    KNOW  an  ash 

Named  Ygg-drasill ; 
A  stately  tree. 
With  white  dust  strewed. 


Thence  come  the  dews 
That  wet  the  dales. 
It  stands  aye  green 
O'er  Urda's  well. 


^^^& 


■^M 


^B^nVUQtXB. 


Asparagus   officinalis.      Natural  Order:    Liliacav  —  Lily  Family. 


nP],E    in    towns    and    cities    are   familiar    with    the    vegetable 

^i      \  jiaragus  as  they  find  it  in  their  markets,  tied  in  bundles  of 

//     '-U  light  stalks  without  the  least  appearance  of  foHage.     There 

the  stalks  are  almost  white,  as  gardeners  cut  the  stems  deep 

^si|     m  the  soil.     Those  having  their  own  gardens  cut  them  after 

J^the^  are  four  or  five  inches  above  the  ground,  \\hen  they  are 

_,i     n    sweet,  and  quite  brittle.      The  soil  should  be  very  rich  for  its 

^lowth       It  15  one  of  the  oldest  of  table  plants,  having  been  a  favorite 

fiom  the  tiniL  of  the  ancient  Greeks;   and  grows  about   four  feet  high 

into    1  higt  herbaceous  bush,  with  leaves  like  so  many  green  bristles. 

\  ni  iss    It    I  distance  looks  as  if  the  fairies  had  disrobed  and  left  their 

green  illusion  garments  behind.     The  flowers  are  small:  the  berries,  in 

autumn,  are  a  brilliant  scarlet. 


T  X  poet's  lore,  and  sentimental  story, 

It  seems  as  't  were  this  life's  supremest  aim 

For  heroes  to  achieve  what  men  call  glory, 
And  die  intoxicate  with  earth's  acclaim. 

Ah  me!  how  little  care  the  dead  for  breath 

Of  vain  applause  that  saved  them  not  from  death. 


■yET,  press  on! 

■*■     For  it  shall  make  you  mighty  among  men; 
And,  from  the  eyrie  of  your  eagle  thought. 
Ye  shall  look  down  on  monarchs.     O,  press  on! 
For  the  high  ones  and  powerful  shall  come 
To  do  you  reverence;  and  the  beautiful 
Will  know  the  purer  language  of  your  soul, 
.\nd  read  it  like  a  talisman  of  love. 
Press  on!  for  it  is  godlike  to  unloose 
The  spirit  and  forget  yourself  ir.  thought. 


|y|AN  wa 


—MackMar. 

nark'd 
A  friend,  in  his  creation,  to  himself, 
And  may,  with  fit  ambition,  conceive 
The  greatest  blessings,  and  the  brightest  honors 
Appointed  for  him,  if  he  can  achieve  them 
The  right  and  noble  way.  —Masihiffcr. 

■flTHO  never  felt  the  impatient  throb, 
*•  The  longing  of  a  heart  that  pants 
And  reaches  after  distant  good. 


^S- 


f 


3^sy,s:^B, 


JpCipuluS   trcimiloibcs.      Natural  Order:  Salicacecv — Wi7/ow  Family. 


LEBRATED  in  ancient  lore  was  Phttton,  one  of  the  sons 
Plicebus  Apollo.  Epaphus,  a  reputed  son  of  Zeus  and  lo, 
denied  that  Phaeton  was  the  son  of  Apollo,  whereupon  he, 
ictinij;  upon  the  advice  of  Clymene,  his  mother,  went  to  the 
palace  of  the  sun  to  test  his  paternity."  Phoebus  acknowl- 
edged him  as  his  son,  taking  oath  that  anything  he  should 
'^demand  as  proof  should  be  granted.  Phaston,  probably  desiring  to 
i^excite  the  envy  of  Epaphus  and  to  pass  in  glory  before  his  jealous  gaze, 
o  di  ive  his  father's  chariot  of  the  sun  for  one  day.  Apollo,  dis- 
ma^  ea,  but  mindful  of  his  inviolable  oath,  granted  the  request.  Pha;ton 
ascended  with  joy,  but  his  steeds  ran  away,  and  threatened  to  set  fire 
to  the  eaith,  whereupon  Jupiter  killed  him  with  a  thunderbolt,  and  he 
fell  into  the  river  Po.  His  three  sisters  mourned  him  incessantly,  and 
were  at  last  changed  into  poplars  by  the  pit}'  of  the  gods,  and  their  tears  into 
amber.  The  Aspen  is  a  species  of  poplar,  whose  leaves  are  attached  to  the 
branches  by  long,  slender  petioles  or  leaf-stems,  which  keep  them -tremulous  with 
the  slightest  breeze. 


TITHY  tremblest  thou,  Aspen?  no  storm  threatens  nigh; 

Not  a  cloud  mars  the  peace  of  the  love-beaming  sky; 
'Tis  the  spring  of  thy  being  —  no  autumn  is  near 
Thy  green  boughs  to  wither,  thy  sweet  leaves  to  sear! 
The  sun,  like  a  crown,  o'er  thy  young  head  shines  free. 
Then  wherefore  thus  troubled?   what  fear'st  thou,  fair  tree? 


h    DELICATE,  frail  thing  — but  made 

For  spring  sunshine,  or  summer  shade 
A  slender  flower,   unmeet  to  bear 
One  AprH  shower  —  so  slight,  so  fair. 


OOSES  bloom,  and  then  they  wither; 
'^    Cheeks  are  bright,  then  fade  and  die; 
Shapes  of  light  are  wafted  hither. 
Then,  like  visions,  hiirrv  bv. 


-Pcrciral. 


FEELING  hearts 


—  touch  them  but 
■lodies  unheard  before 


htlv 


3^0|r1ijOf£jei 


1 


■         ^spl)CiLtclus   lutl'US.       Xatukal  Order:  Li'/iacccc  —  Lily  Family 


^=^     ERY  fine  among  the  family  of  lilies  is  the  Asphodel,  a  gar- 
ikn   plant   from   the   island  of  Sicily.     It  is  very  easily  culti- 
xated,  and  multiplies  rapidly.     The  stem  is  nearly  three  feet 
^/(->  high,   and    adorned  with   hollow,   three-cornered   leaves.      The 
flowers,  which  are  yellow,  bloom  closely  along  the  stalk,  almost 
covering   its  whole    length.      There    is    also   a  white  ^■ariety,  a  native 
of  Europe.      The   name   is   from   the   Greek,   and   means   not   to   be 
equaled.     The}-  planted  it  beside  the  torftbs,  and  fancied  that  beyond 
the  Acheron  the  deceased  roamed  through  fields  of  Asphodel,  quaff- 
ing the  waters  of  Lethe. 


'TPHE  dead!    the  much-loved  dead! 

Who  doth  not  yearn  to  know 
The  secret  of"  their  dwelling-place, 
And  to  what  land  thev  go? 
What  heart  but  asks,  with  ceaseless  tone. 
For  some  sure  knowledge  of  its  own  ? 


w 


moon   is  shining 


HEX  the  summ. 

Soft  and  fair. 
Friends  she  loved  in  tears  are  twi 

Chaplets  there. 
Rest  in  peace,  thou  gentle  spirit. 

Throned  above  — 
Souls  like  thine  with  God  inherit 

Life  and  love!     — •fames 


—Mary  E.  Lee. 
TN  my  left  hand   I  held  a  shell, 

All  rosv-lipped  and  pearly  red; 
I   laid  it  by  his  lowly  bed, 
For  he  did  love  so  passing  well 
The  grand  songs  of  the  solemn  sea. 
Oh!  shell,  sing  well!  wild!  with  a  w 
When  storms  blow  loud  and  birds  bi 
The  wildest  sea-song  known  to  thee 
— yoagititi 

■pADE!    flowers,  fade!    nature  will  have  it  so; 

'Tis  what  we  must  in  our  autumn  do! 
And  as  3'our  leaves  lie  quiet  on  the  ground. 
The  loss  alone  by  those  that  lov'd  them  found. 
So  in  the  grave  shall  we  as  quiet  lie, 
Miss'd  by  some  few  that  loved  our  company. 

—  »a//,-r. 


Fields. 


Still, 
Vi/ler. 


2lst£r   I'OVJIlllboSUS.      Natural  Order:    CompositiT  —  Aster  Family. 


^  UR    native   Aster    grows    about   two  teet   high,   and    is    found 
requently  in  dry,  open  woodlands   in   the  Northern  and   Mid- 
States.      The  name  is  derived  from  the  Greek  word  aster, 
'signifying  a   star,  as   the   petals    spread  out   like   raj's  of  light 
from  the    center.      There    are    none   of  our   native  plants    that 
"*  '^^^Jt:lare   equal  to  the  Chinese  Asters,  though   the  same  assiduity 
1  y^  ■  \-^  in  culture  would  undoubtedly  improve  them.     On  the  western  prairies 
£^  ^1^0  t^*^""^  '^'"'^  some  whose  colors   are  really  handsome   in   their  exquisite 
standing  tall  among  the  grass ;  in  some  places  so  abundant  that 
seem  that  a  rose  or  purple  glory  had  settled  down  o\'er  the 
ir  the  birds  to  sing  in. 


'"/I^^  tints,  Stan 
tm  it  would 
<  IF  5      fields  for 


ejt?  — 

A  LIKE  all  ages.      Dames  of  ancient  days 

Have  led  their  childi-en  through  the  mirthful  maze; 
And  the  gay  grandsire,  skill'd  in  gestic  lore, 
Has  frisk'd  beneath  the  burden  of"  threescore. 

—GoUsmilh. 

rVA,  no!    I  never  will  grow  old,  AAr*^'^'  grieve  thai  time  has  brought  so  soon 
^   Though  years  on  years  roll  by,  The  sober  age  of  manhood  on  1 

And  silver  o'er  my  dark  brown  hair,  As  idly  should  I  weep  at  noon 

And  dim  my  laughing  eye.  To  see  the  blush  of  morning  gone. 


H 


E  look'd  in  \ 

ears. 

yet  in  his  years  were  seen 

A   youthful 

•igoi 

and  autumnal  green. 

—Drvden. 

ly  I  Y  days  pass  pleasantly  away,  My  foes  are  impotent  and  shy, 

My  nights  are  blest  with  sweetest  sleep,  My  friends  are  neither  false  nor  cold; 

I  feel  no  symptoms  of  decay,  And  yet,  of  late,   I  oflen  sigh, 

I  have  no  cause  to  mourn  or  weep;  I'm  growing  old!  Join:  G.  Saxe. 

'"THE  spring,  like  youth,  fresh  blossoms  doth  produce. 

But  autumn  makes  them  ripe  and  fit  for  use.       —Sir  J.  Denlmm. 


L^ 32 


¥ 


^nviicxil'd. 


w 
^i 


Jpvimula  aurinila.      Natural  Ordek:  PritHulacc.c— Primrose  Family. 


'  UROPE  gave  birth  to  this  flower.      It  is  a  native  of  the  Alps, 

where    its    fragrant   and    pure  blossoms    are   one   of  Nature's 

"•hist  tributes  to  spring.      It  is  greatly  admired  as  an  ornament 

to  our  gardens,  and  is  said  to  bloom  best  when  favored  with  a 

noithern  aspect.      Its  name  is  derived  from  two  Latin  words: 

Primula,  from  primus^  first,  because  it  blossoms  so  early  in  the 

and  Auricula,  from  its  ear-shaped  leaves.      The  species  mostly 

cultivated  are  the  Cowslip  Primrose,  a  perennial  from  Great  Britain, 

with  yellow   flowers;   the   purple,  found   on   the   mountains  of  Nepaul, 

ji^^  Asia;  the  double-cupped,  native  of  Austria;  and  the  common  Primrose 

5^   of  Europe. 


J'aiiiiiiig. 


'T'HEN  first  from  love,  in  Nature's  bow 
^     Did  Painting  learn  her  fairy  skill, 


And  cull  the  hues  of  loveliest  flowers, 
To  picture  woman  lovelier  still. 


A  LL  that  imagination's  power  could  trace, 
Breath'd  in  the  pencil's  imitative  grace; 
O'er  all  the  canvas,  form,  and  soul,  and  feeling, 

That  wondrous  art  infus'd  with  power  of  life; 
Portray'd  each  pulse,  each  passion's  might  revealing; 
Sorrow  and  joy,  life,  hatred,  fear  and  strife. 

—From  III,-  Sfaui.'li. 

PRE  yet  thy  pencil  tries  her  nicer  toils. 
■'-'  Or  on  thy  palette  lie  the  blended  oils. 
Thy  careless  chalk  has  half  achieved  thy  ; 
And  her  just   image  makes  Cleora   start. 


pOME! 
^     Dip  i 

Choose  a 
Catch,  er 


the  colors  and  the  ground  prepare: 
1  the  rainbow,  trick  her  off"  in  air; 
firm  cloud  before  it  fall,  and  in  it 
:  she  change,  the  Cynthia  of  this  minute 


rS  she  not  more  than  painting  can  expres 
Or  youthful  poets  fancy  when  they  love 


TI.S 


ife  as  'tis  in  painting: 
may  be  right,  yet  much  be 


pOME,  thou  best  of  painters. 
^     Prince  of  the  Rhodian  art; 
Paint,  thou  best  of  painters, 
The  mistress  of  mv  heart. 


^ 


3^«aUa. 


^^aka   3nilica.      Natural  Order:  Ericacav  —  Heath  Family. 

r-''  OST  of  the  few  native  shrubs  of  this  family  are  inhabitants 

'\\ni    the   Southern   States,  but   the   plants  chiefly  in  cultivation 

-o-  are    of  Asiatic    origin,    and    are    almost    innumerable    in 

h(  n    \-arieties.     In  color  of  blossom  they  run  through  every 

e,  Irom  pure  white   into   all   the  delightful  tints  of  pink, 

-'■  ''\scarlet,  crimson,  purple  and   salmon.     Care   should   be   taken 

to   prevent   a   straggling    growth,  which    can    be   done   with    proper 

pruning.     They  can  be  grown  from  seeds  or  from  slips;  the  latter, 

however,  produce    flowers   much   sooner  than    seedlings.     Blooming 

early  in  spring,  they  are  a  great  acquisition  for  Easter  decorations, 

a  fine   plant   frequently  being  covered   from   base   to   ape.x  with  its 

elegant  flowers. 


>EMPERATE  in  every  place  —  abroad,  at  home, 
Thence  will  applause,  and  hence  will  profit  come; 


And  health  from  either  he  in  tin 


prepares 


H 


sickness,  age,  and  their  attendant  cares. 

—Crabbe. 

E  who  the  rules  of  temperance  neglects, 
Froin  a  good  cause  may  produce  vile  effects. 


BEWARE 
Its  rubie, 


An  adder  coi! 


the  bowl!    though  rich  and  bright 

>  flash  upon  the  sight, 

Is  its  depths  beneath, 

s  woe    whose  sting  is  death. 

-Street 


—  Tuke. 
pUT  down  the  cup!     It  is  brimmed  with  blood. 

Crushed,  throbbing,  from  hearts  like  mine! 
For  hope,  for  peace,  and  for  love's  dear  sake. 
Oil!    pledge  me  not  with  wine! 

-Josic  E.  Hum. 


"T^IS  to  tliy  rules,  O  temperance!    that  we  owe 

All  pleasures  which  from  health  and  strength 
Vigor  of  body,  purity  of  mind. 
Unclouded  reason,  sentiments  refined, 
Unmixed,  untainted  joys,  without  remorse  — 
Th'  intemperate  sinner's  never-failing  curse. 


-Mary  Chandler, 


34 


gaccliaris, 


BaCCljariS    l)alimtfolia.       Xati-kal   Order:    Composite  — Aslcr  Family. 


J*^  HIS  shrub  is  from  six  to  twelve  feet  high,  and  grows  usually 

in  alluvial  soil,  which  is  washed  up  from  the  bed  of  the  sea 

01    livers  and  deposited  on  the  shore.      A  white  dust  covers 

the  leaves  and  branches,  and  the  flower  heads  that  bear  the 

seeds   are  furnished    with    long,   slender    hairs.      The    flowers 

aie  white,  with   a  tint  of  purple,  and   appear  during   the  fall 

months       It    has    sufficient    beauty   to    recommend    it    for    culti\ation. 

The  name  of  this  shrub  is  derived   from  Bacchus,  the  deit\-  of  wine 

and  reveling,  because  its  fragrance  savors  of  wine.      It  is  sometimes 

called  Groundsel  Tree,  from   its   resemblance   to   the  weedy  plant  of 

that  name. 


TN   what  tlioii  eal'st  and  drinkest  seek   from   thence 

Due  nourishment,  not  gluttonous  delight; 
So  thou  may'st  live,  till,  like  ripe  fruit,  thou  drop 
Into  thy  mother's  lap,  or  be  with  ease 
Gather'd,  not  harshly  pluck'i 


w 


INE 


s  like  anger;  lor  it  makes  us  strong, 
and  impatient,  and  it  leads  us  wrong; 
The  strength  is  quickly  lost,  we  feel  the  error  long. 


for  death   mature. 

—Milton. 

H   thou  invisible   spir 

t  of  wine. 

If  thou  hast  no  nam 

e  to  be  known  by,  Ic 

Js  call  thee  devil. 

—Shat^-sfen 

OHALL   I,  to  please  anotho 
^    Lose  all  mine  own.' 


-Gm 


'T>HE  joy  which  wine  can  give,  like  smoky  fires. 
Obscures  their  sight,  whose  fancy  it  inspires. 
—Hi//. 


/^OULD  every  drunkard,  ere  he  sits  to  dine. 
Fee!  in  his  head  the  dizzy  fumes  of  wine, 
No  more  would  Bacchus  chain  the  willing  sou 
But  loathing  horror  shun  the  poison'd  bowl. 


'pHOU  sparkling  bowl!  thou  sparkling  bowl 
Though  lips  of  bards  thy  brim  may  press, 
And  eyes  of  beauty  o'er  thee  roll, 


— Meriva/e. 

.\nd  song  and  dance  thy  power  confess, 

I  will  not  touch  thee  I  for  there  clings 

A  scorpion  to  thy  side,  that  stings.    —•Jo/iu  Pierpon 

35 


f 


1 


CEUtaUlia   CmilUS.      Natural  Order:    Comfositce — Aster  Family. 

ENTAUREA    is    said    to    derive    its    name    from    the    centaur 
Chiron,    the    fabled    son    of    Saturn,    who    was    cured    by    an 
;.    application  of  it  after  having   been  wounded   in  the  knee  by 
K    a  poisoned  arrow  from  the  bow  of  Hercules.     Another  myth- 
ological   narrative    sa3's    that    Chiron's    wound   w'as    incurable: 
but  that,  having  been  born  of  immortal  parents,  he  could  not 
ic     and  was    consequently  placed    by  the    gods    in    the    firmament    as    a 
(instellation,    being    called    Sagittarius.      The    plant    is    a    hardy    annual, 
ikI    grows    about    two    feet    high.      The    blossoms   vary   much    in    color, 
ppeanng  singly  on  the  ends  of  the  branches. 


jingle  pb$$thncss. 


Wl 


e  smile  of  voung  and  old,  he 
ted  at  the  banquet,  and  distir 
ows  dull  and  sultry,  he  may 


wins  the  praise  ol'  ; 
juished  at  the  ball ; 
iy  to  green  retreats 


A  welcome  visitor  in  turn  at  twenty  country  seats; 
He  need  not  seek  society,  for,  do  whate'er  he  can, 
Invitations  and  attentions  will  pursue  the  single  mar 


A     BACHELOR 

May  thrive,  by  observation,  on  a  little; 
A  single  life  's  no  burthen ;   but  to  draw 
In  yokes  is  chargeable,  and  will  require 

—'Johii  Ford. 


A 


A  double  maintenance. 


TI    I 

^    I  d 


II',  '  tis  tor  myself  alone ; 
wish  to  have  a  sweetheart  nc 
Nor  would   I  call  another's  heart  my  o\\r 
Nor  have  a  gallant  lover  to  revere  me: 


WIFE!     Oh,  fetters 

To  man's  bless'd  liberty!  All  this  world's  prison, 
Heav'n  the  high  wall  about  it,  sin  the  goaler; 
But  th'  iron  shackles  weighing  down  our  heels 
Are  only  women.  —Decker. 

For  surely  I  would  plight  my  faith  to  none,        [me : 
Though  many  an  amorous  cit  might  jump  to  hear 
For  I  have  heard  that  lovers  prove  deceivers. 
When  once  they  find  that  maidens  are  believers. 
— From  Michael  An^elo. 


'pHE  ills  of  love,  not  those  of  fate,  I 
These  I  can  brave,  but  those  I  can 


rOVE 

L^   Nai 


i  not  m  our  power - 
what  seems  strange 


is  not  in  our  choice. 


w 


MK\m~WL0ln€<u 


Hloluccella   hniis.      Natural  Order:  LablatiV  —  Mnit  Family. 

\^     O LUCCA.    BALM,   or   Shell    Flower,   is    a    native    of  the 

\   Molucca  or  Spice  Islands,  where   it   mingles  with   the  odor- 

-a  ileioiis    flowers    of  the    clove,    the    citron    and   the    lime. 

','j    I  he   stem   is   from   one   to  two  feet   high,   smooth,  and   of  a 

^.     -.  i-green  color.     It  is  an  annual,  often  grown  in  the  flower- 

^  uden  as  a  curiosity,  for  its  singular  manner  of  inflioresence. 

The  i..il\\  or  floral  sheath  is  large  and  bell-shaped,  which  suggests 

the   appearance  of  a   hollow  shell,  while  down   in   the   bottom  sits 

the    flo\\er  itself,   out  of  sight,  the  color  being   a   yellowish-green. 

The  blooming  time  is  from  May  to  August. 


p\H  strange  it  is,  and  wide  tlie  new-world  lore, 

For  next  it  treateth  of  ovn-  native  dust! 
Must  dig  out  buried  monsters,  and  explore 
The  green  e.arth's  fruiti'ul  crust; 


Must  write  the  story  of  her  seething  vouth  — 
I  low  lizards  paddled  in  her  lukewarm  seas; 
Must  show  the  cones  she  ripened,  and  forsooth 
Count  seasons  on  her  trees; 

■pETSY!   art  thou  Eve's  true  daughter? 

Betsy!    hast  a  peering  eye.' 
Wouldst  thou  read  as  clear  as  water 
All  the  honeyed  terms  that  lie 
Within  that  letter's  fragile  folds.' 
.Spell  every  word  that  letter  holds, 
And  know  when  thy  young  master  Harrv 
Or  Lady  Jane  intends  to  marry? 


With  all  the  fruits 
Save  only  one,  r 


Must  know  her  weight,  and  pry  into  her  age, 

Count  her  old  beach-lines  bv  their  tidal  swell 

Her  sunken  mountains  name,  her  craters  gauge. 

Her  cold  volcanoes  tell.      —Jean  Ing-elow. 

What!    not  yet  in  the  secret,  Betsy? 
That's  very  puzzling  —  very!     Let's  see  — 
The  letter 's  not  from  Lady  Jane, 
No,  no!   you  need  not  peep  again. 
A  lady's  hand  —  the  envelope 
Perfumed  —  the  seal  expresses  "Hope." 
The  waiter  waits  —  no  longer  tarry ! 
Go,  give  the  letter  to  Lord  Harry! 

— Ajwttymmis. 
Eve, 

of  Eden  blest, 
•ather  than  leave 


m 


1\ 


aXm--^i«rje«t. 


fHclissa   affidnalis.      Natural  Order:  Labiatic — Mint  Faiiiilv. 


hetc  find  naturalized  a  very  common  and  well-known 
gaiden  plant,  introduced  from  Europe,  and  cultivated  for 
jitb  virtues.  The  stem  is  erect  and  branching,  growing 
about  two  feet  high,  the  whole  plant  being  covered  with 
--oti  down,  and  emitting,  when  touched  with  the  hand, 
•  1  \''^  the  delightful  fragrance  of  the  lemon.  The  flowers  are  a 
sallow  white,  appearing  during  midsummer.  Melissa  is  from  the  Greek 
'  word  luclissa.  a  bee,  because  it  attracts  innumerable  bees  that  come  to 
suck  at  the  nectaries  of  the  blossoms.  Old  apiarists  like  to  rub  the 
'inside  of  the  hives  with  its  aromatic  leaves,  as  an  inducement  for  the 
young  swarms  to  remain,  especially  if  the  hives  have  been  previously 
used. 


OWEET-POUTING  lips  whose  color  mocks  t 
Rich,  ripe,  and  teeming  with  the  dew  of  blis 
The  flower  of  lo\e's  forbidden   fruit  which  grows 
Insiduously,   to  tempt   us  with  a   kiss. 

-R.   H.    Wilde- s   Tas.'^. 


fJn. 


HER   eves  outshine  the  radiant  1 
That  gild  the  passing  shower. 
And  glitter  o'er  the  crystal   stream 
And  cheer  each   fresh'ning  hour. 


'yHOUGll  gay 

asn 

lirth,  as 

curioi 

IS  thought  s 

A      As  elegance 

pol 

te,  as 

power 

elate: 

Profound 

as  reason. 

ind  as 

justice 

cle.ar: 

Soft  as  c 

impass 

on. 

•et  as 

ruth  h 

evere. 

—Savant. 

T" 

ERE  N 

•as  i 

soft  a 

nd  pel 

sive  grace. 

\  cast 

of  t 

lOUght 

upon 

ner  face, 

That 

suited 

well 

ner  forehead 

high, 

Her  lips  are  more  than  cherries  bright, 
A  richer  dye  has  grac'd  them; 

They  charm  the  admiring  gazer's  sight, 
.\nd   sweetly   tempt  to  kiss  them. 


H' 


-Bums. 
ER   tresses  loose  behind. 
Play  on  her  neck,  and  wanton  in  the  wind: 
The  rising  blushes  which  her  cheeks  o'erspread, 
Are  opening  roses  in  a  lily's  bed.     —Gay. 

The  eyelash  dark,  and  downcast  eye ; 
The  mild  expression  spoke  a  mind 


m 


ialm-lilild 


Jllonorila   Mbyma.      Xatiral  Orper:  Labiatcv—Mhtt  Family. 


^S 


1 


\  I  L  H  coarser,  and  less  delicate  in  odor,  than  the  garden 
V'\^  \  11  leties,  is  the  Wild  Balm,  commonly  called  Mountain  Mint, 
-cand  scientifically  named,  as  above,  in  honor  of  Monardes, 
"Spanish  botanist  of  the  sixteenth  century,  who  wrote  a 
Ilk  on  the  medicinal  virtues  of  the  botanical  productions 
ot  the  new  world.  It  is  a  tall,  herbaceous  plant,  found  in 
the  htld's  and  woods,  having  fragrant  leaves  and  crimson  flowers 
that  niipiove  under  cultivation.  In  medicine  it  possesses  stimulat- 
ing and  tdrminitive  properties.  An  infusion  of  the  leaves  is  known 
a*-  Os\\ego  tea:  and  the  flowers  yield  the  coloring  principle  of 
cot.  hint.  ii 


T  Taluc  '\^\\\  ^rjinpnii^rj. 


TlIOl  Rl  like  a  Star;  for  when  my  wav  «; 
And  all  was  blackness  like  the  skv  before 
y  he 
and  1 


Thv  beaming  smile  and 

words 

Illmned  my  path,  tlien 

heered 

TTAST  thou  no  human   friend 

A  1   To  whom  in  hours  like  these  to  t 

urn. 

When  thine  o'erburdened  soul   will   ve. 

rn 

Its  bitterness  to  end.-              _.i//v,«  .1/ 

//.  Ro,H 

s  cheerless  and  forlorn, 
a  coming  stortii. 
ve.  thy   heart  of  kindness  free, 
soul,  and  bade  its  sorrows  flee. 


ne  for  kindred  nature^ 
with  our  own: 
For  communing-s  more  full  and   high 
Than  aught  bx    mortals  known. 


I 


A  XD  when  the  world  looked  cold  on 
■'■  '    And  blight  hung  on  his  name, 
.She  soothed  his  cares  with  woman's  lo\' 
And  bade  him   rise  again. 


/^UR  hearts,  my  love,  were  form'd  to  he 
The  genuine  twins  of  sympathy, 

They  live  with  one  sensation; 
In  joy  or  .grief,  but  most  in  love. 
Like  chords  in   unison   they  move. 

And  thrill   with  like  vibration.  ^,\[„„r, 


JOVE'S  soft  sympathy  imparts 
L*   That  tender  transport  of  delight 


That  beats  in 


T/IXDXESS  by  secret  sympathy  is 
^^For  noble  souls  in  nature  are  allied 


^^ 


I 


==^m 


ir 


galm  0f  'ftilieaH* 


m 


|]0)Julll5   cauilirans.      Natural  Order:  Sa//cacctr — IVUhnv  Family. 


TILITY  and  agreeableness  are  combined  in  tliis  handsome  tree, 
it  is  often  used,  interspersed  with  others,  to  break  the 
lotonv  in  tbliage  groups,  and  yield  a  grateful  shade,  for 
it  is  well  adapted.  The  height  averages  from  Ibrty  to 
fty  feet,  the  thickness  being  in  good  proportion,  with  an 
'^t^  ample  crown  of  dark  green  leaves.  The  buds  are  resinous, 
and  possess  strong  tonic  and  other  medicinal  properties,  whence  they 
are  fiequently  used  as  a  domestic  medicine.  Popitliis  Imlsamifera  is  a 
similai  variety,  found  wild  in  swamps  and  other  moist  places,  and  is 
called  Tacamahac  or  Balsam  Poplar,  as  it  yields  a  resinous  gum  from 
the  buds  m  the  same  manner  as  the  Balm  of  Gilead. 


N' 


fO  radiant  pearl   which  crosted  t'ortune  wears, 

No  gem  that  twinkling  hangs  from  beauty's  ears. 
Not  the  bright  stars  which  night's  blue  arch  adorn, 
Nor  rising  sun  that  gilds  the  vernal  morn, 
Shines  with  such  luster  as  the  tear  that  flows 
Down  virtue's  inanly  cheek   for  others'  woes. 

—Dr.  E.  Dar-.vin. 


A  ND  w'aen  he  read,  the\-  forward  lean'd, 
■'  *■  Drinking  with  thirsty  hearts  and  ears 
His  brook-like  songs,  whose  glory   never  wean'd 

From  humble  smiles  and  tears. 
.Slowly  there  grew  a  tenderer  awe. 

Sun-like,  o'er  faces  brown  and  hard. 
As  if  in  him  who  read  they  felt  and  saw 

Some  presence  of  the  bard.       —rf„m,-i  R.  Ln:«ell. 


ATET  a  single  cup  of  water. 

Or  a  crust  to  feed  the  starving", 
E'en  one  word  in  kindness  spoken, 
Or  a  hand  stretched  to  the  falling 
Shall  receive  as  great  reward  as 
Ever  hero  gained  in  battle. 
Saint  or  martyr  at  the  scaffold. 

-Lena  I.  Gifford. 


the  secret 


ipathy, 


I 


Which  heart  to  heart,  and  mind  to  mind, 
In  body  and  in   soul  can  bind.      —Scott. 


fcfe?- 


^- 


galBamimiC< 


ImpattCnS    balsainiua.       Natukai.   Order:   Jia/saminacccr  —  yezvel-WeedFami/Y. 


\  ADY-SLIPPER,  or  the  ordinary  Balsam,  is  familiar  to  all  as 
a  pioduct  of  our  gardens.  It  is  a  natix-e  of  the  East  Indies, 
(■^  and  is  worthy  of  notice.  Within  the  last  few  x'ears  the 
double  varieties  have  been  grown  as  pot-plants,  in  which 
^  ,  -"^^"^  '^^^^  ''^'^y  ''t^qu'i'f  very  rich  soil,  and  to  have  the  tip  of 
'  '  '  '  -"'  the  main  branch  pinched  ofl',  when  it  will  throw  out  side 
blanches  and  form  larger  plants.  They  appear  in  every  variety  of 
coloi,  and  the  fancy  ones  are  streaked  or  mottled,  many  of  them 
being  nearty  as  double  as  the  blossoms  of  that  beautiful  shrub  the 
camelia  japonica.  The  seed-pods  burst  when  slightly  pressed,  from 
which  circumstance  they  receive  their  Latin  name,  Inipaiiens,  noli  me 
tangxre  (^impatient,  touch  me  not). 


TIIHAT!    canst  thou  not  forbear  me  half  an  hour? 
Then  get  thee  gone,  and  dig  my  grave  thyself 
And  bid  the  merry  belli?  ring  to  thine  ear 
That  thou  art  crown'd— not  that   I  am  dead. 


A  WRETCHED  soul,  bruised  with  adversity, 
-''■    We  bid  be  quiet,  when  we  hear  it  cry; 
But  were  we  burdened  with  like  weight  of  pain,     And  if  your  reasons  mitigate  her  fury 
As  much,  or  more,  we  should  ourselves  complain.     My  soul  will  be  as  calm.  _.s- 

—  S/iakes/<ear,-. 

pO,  then,  my  song,  speed   swiftly  to  her; 

^     Sing  to  her,  plead  with  her  late  and  long; 

Hover  around  her,  and  gently  woo  her; 

Perhaps  she  will  hear  thee  some  day,  O  Song! 


pREACH  patience  to  the  sea,  when  jarring  winds 
Throw  up  her  swelling  billows  to  the  sky! 


Out  of  the  depths  of  the  soul  comes  sorrow; 

But,  out  of  the  depths  of  these  days  that  cease. 
May  come,  like  liglit  'roimd  the  feet  of  the  morrow 

Love's  soft  glory,  our  love's  calm  peace. 


/^H!    how  impatience  gains  upon  the  soul, 

When  the  long-promised  hour  of  joy  dr 
How  slow  the  tardv  moments  seem  to  roll! 


1 


gartj0ii:ia--@0l£^m* 


illcut^clia   €inMcj}i.      Natural  Order:  Loasacecv  —  Loasa  Family, 


N    the    Golden    Bartonia    we    have    a    beautiful    annual    from 

California,  with    an   oval,  lance-shaped    leaf,   indented   similar 

>  to  the  thistle :    the    stems    are   procumbent   and    often  a  yard 

in  length.      The  flowers,  which  much  resemble  a  poppy,  are 

of  a  most  brilliant  yellow,  deepening  "toward  the  center  into 

"^    the    true   orange    shade,   and    measuring   from    two    to  three 

hes  in  diameter.     Within  the  center  the  numerous  thread-like  stamens 

The  seeds 


"r^  »,'i^    spread  themselves  out  over  the  petals,  like  a  delicate  fringe 

^Kj^^    should  be  sown  where  the  plants  are  to  grow,  as  they  are  transplanted 

^jjj^^     with  difficulty. 


TTAD   I  but  pearls  of  price  —  did  golden  pills 

Of  hoarded  wealth  swell  in  my  treasury, 
Easy   I'd  win  the  fawning  flatterer's  smile 
And  bend  the  sturdiest  stoic's  iron  knee. 

—A.  A.  Lode. 


'T^HINK'ST  thou  the  man  whose  mansions  hold 
The  worldling's  pride,  the  miser's  gold. 

Obtains  a  richer  prize 
Than  he  who  in  his  cot,  at  rest, 
Finds  heavenly  peace  a  willing  guest, 
And  bears  the  earnest  in  his  breast 

Of  treasure  in   the  skies.'        —Mrs.  Sigournfy. 


:XE\V   I   tlie  spell  of  gold. 


I  would   never  poison  a  Iresh  young  heart 

With  the  taint  of  customs  old; 
I  would  bind  no  wreath  to  my  forehead  free, 

In  whose  shadows  a  thought  might  die, 
Nor  drink,  from  the  cup  of  revelry. 

The  ruin   my   gold   Mould   buy.  —Wil/h. 


A    MIGHTY  pain  to  love  it  is. 

And  'tis  a  pain  that  pain  to  miss; 
But,  of  all  pains,   the  greatest  pain 
It  is  to  love  but  love  in  vain. 
Virtue  now,  nor  noble  blood. 
Nor  wit,  by  love  is  understood; 
'Gold  alone  does  passion  move ; 
Gold  monopolizes  love  —Cnvjin'. 


IV/f  ADAM.   I  own   'tis  not  your  person 

My  stomach's  set  so  sharp  and   tierce  on; 
But  'tis  your  better  part,  your  riches, 
Tliat  my  enanior'd  heart  bewitches! 

-  Sutltr. 

A    MA.SK  of  gold   hides  all  deformities; 
•'*    Gold  is  heaven's  physic,  life's  restorative. 

-D.rker. 


=^^ 


©tinUIin    basilicum.       Xatuhal   Ordkk:    Labiatcv—Mhit  Family. 


1 


WEET    BASIL,    or    Royal   Ocimum,   is    a   ver}'  aromatic    herb 

tioin   Persia,  where  it  is  much  planted  in  graveyards.     It  is  also 

indigenous  to  the  East  Indies,  where  its  seeds  are  considered  an 

intidote  to  the  poison  of  serpents.      It  is  an  annual,  about  a  foot 

higli,  with  a  soft,  oval  leaf,  various   in  color,  which  possesses  a 

>^  \ery  agreeable  fragrance.      The  flowers,  which  are  nearly  white, 

appeal    during   the   summer.      French   cooks  are  very  partial   to   this 

heib    in    flavoring    their    various    dishes,    and    for    this    purpose    it    is 

extensively  grown  in  the  vegetable  gardens  of  Europe,  as  well  as  in 

America.      Apparently  from  confounding   the  word  with  basiliscus,  a 

basilisk,  or  possibly  because  of  its  use  as  an  antidote,  whence  it  ma)- 

ha\e    come    to    represent    a    serpent    hater,   it    has    been    taken    as    a 

symbol  for  hatred,  but  the  following  is  the  proper  language. 


ittoh  Hisl^js 


QOFT  be  the  sleep  of  their  pleasant  hours, 
^    And  calm  be  the  seas  thev  roam ! 
May  the  way  they  travel  be  strewed  with   flowe 
Till   it  bring  them  safelv   home!        — Oliver  T 


TO 


ish  thee  fairer  is  no  need. 
More  prudent,  or  more  sprightl; 
Or  more  ingenious,  or  more  freed 

From  temper  flaws  unsightly- 
What  fa\or  then  not  yet  possess'd 

Can  I   for  thee  require, 
In  wedded  love  already  blest 
To  thv   whole  heart's  desire? 


-Covpfr 


c 

>0  n,ay 

St  thou  live,  dear!  many  years, 

^   In  all 

the  bliss  that 

life  endears, 

N 

ot  without  smiles,  noi 

yet  from  tears. 

Too  St 

ictly  kept. 

-ThoviasHo 

1 

F,  then. 

a  ferN-ent  wis 

1  for  thee 

The  gracious  heaven 

s  will  heed  froin 

W 

'hat  she 

uld,  dear  hear 

t,  its  burden  be? 

.  G.  Wliiltier, 


AND  what  am   I  to  you?     A  steady  hand 
^    To  hold,  a  .steadfast  heart  to  trust  withal; 
Merely  a  man  that  loves  you,  and  will  stand 
Bv    vou.   whate'er  befall.  _•?,,„, 


^^^- 


•f* 


gafltjerrf. 


m 

^i 


Myr'tca   CEVifera.      Natural  Order:  .\fyriracecr  —  Szvcet  Gale  Family. 

\\  DERRY,   a    useful    shrub,   varying   in    height    from    two    to 

I  ight    teet,   and    flowering    in   April    or   May,   is    found    in    dry 

toiLsts  from   Nova  Scotia  to   Florida.      It   has  a  graj-ish   bark 

"    m    I  '      '"*^'   ^^  anching  top,  and    its  fruit   consists  of  a   globular  stone, 

:=^-;^^,  , .       L  o\  ered  with  white  wax,  which   is   separated    by  heat,   usually 

%\  'S^2  boiling  water.      This   product   constitutes  the   Bayberry  tallow 

s  ^  of   tommerce,  sometimes  called  myrtle  wax.     A  bushel  of  berries 

jieldb  about  lour  pounds  of  wax.      The  botanical  name  comes  from  the 

Greek  muro,  to  flow,  because  the  stamens  contract  on  the  slightest  touch, 

and  are  thence  conceived  to  be  easily  irritated,  even  to  tears. 


T)E  temperate  in  grief!     I  would  not  hide 

The  starting  tear-drop  with  a  stoic's  pride, 
I  would  not  bid  the  o'erburthen'd  heart  be  still, 
And  outrage  nature  with  contempt  of  ill. 
Weep!    but  not  loudly!     He  whose  stony  eyes 
Ne'er  melt  in  tears,  is  hated  in  the  skies. 

—  Eufhorinii. 


Till 
A 


IE  rose  is  fairest  when  'tis  budding  new,  'X'WO  other  precious  drops  tliat  ready  stood, 

And  hope  is  brightest  when  it  dawns  from  fears ;  Each  in  their  crystal  sluice,  he,  ere  they  fel 

The  rose  is  sweetest  wash'd  with  morning  dew.        Kiss'd,  as  the  gracious  signs  of  sweet  remorse 
And  love  is  loveliest  when  embalmed  in  tears.       And  pious  awe,  that  fear'd  to  have  offended. 

—  Srott.  —  Milton. 


ET  me  wipe  off  this  honorable  dew 
-^    Tliat  silverly  doth  progress  on  my  cheeks 


H^ME,  chase  that  starting  tear 
'     Ere  mine  to  meet  it  springs. 


f^ 
&, 


TTTITH  a  shriek  heart-wounding  loud  she  cried, 

While  down  her  cheeks  the  gushing  torrents  ran. 
Fast  fallinar  on  her  hands.  —r„.,.,. 


H 


IDE  not  thy  tears!  weep  boldly,  and  be  proud 
To  give  the  flowing  virtue  manly  w.ay : 
Tis  nature's  mark,  to  know  an   honest  heart. 


I 

<& 


Jdgus   Stllnatira.      Natural  Order:    Citpidifcnv—Oak  Family. 

"~'W  S  nothing  beautiful  escapes  the  e3e  of  the  poet,  numerous  have 

been  the  tributes  paid  to  this  noble  tree.     It  is  loft)'  and  abun- 

'  d-xnt  in  the  forests  of  the  Eastern  States,  and  not  unfrequently 

found  throughout  all  sections  of  the  United  States,  as  well  as 

^  in  Europe.      It  grows  straight  and  tall,  rising  sometimes  to 

^  {^  the  height  of  one  hundred   feet  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio, 

with  a  tiunk  nine  feet  in  circumference.     It  has  a  gray,  unbroken  bark 

ind  long,  sweeping  branches,  but  not  so  pendulous  as  those  of  the  elm, 

and    is    scarcely  equaled    by  any  other   tree    in   the    shade    it   affords. 

Cattle  are  fond  of  its  leaves  in  spring,  when  they  are  very  tender,  with 

a  slight   acid   flavor.      The   nuts   are   partially  triangular,  and,   though 

troublesome  to  eat,  are  sweet  and  nutritious.     A  valuable  oil,  but  little 

inferior,  it  is  said,  to  the  olive,  can  be  extracted  from  them. 


1 


T    KNOW  a  walk  where  heeclies  grow  — 

Where  feathered  songsters  fill  the  air 
With  music  sweet,  and  flowers  blow 

Blooming  and  fair. 
And  there  I've  oft  with  pleasure  wooed 
The  muses  nine  in  solitude.     —Fred.  W.  Webler. 


QIX:    nay,  at  six  in  any  case 

lie  could  not  come!    'tis  evening  chime, 
And  if  I  reach  the  trysting  place 

Whole  hours  before  the  trysting  time, 
'Tis  not  with  any  hope  to  see 

Unseemly  soon  my  love  appear; 
He  is  no  idle  maid  like  me; 

He  has  high  things  to  do  and  bear. 
And  not  for  worlds  would  I  that  he 

For  love  should  weakly  eager  be. 

—  Mrs.  Eliza  S.  Raiidolfh. 


OHE  starts,  for  she  doth  hear 
^    My  loving  footstep  near; 

She  turns  to  bid  me  stay. 
With  cheeks  that  burn  for  joy. 
With  looks  half  kind,  half  coy - 

This  is  her  heart's  sweet  way! 
So  am   I  nothing  loath. 
But  answer  oath  for  oath. 

And  linger  lovingly 

In  silken  chains  —  ma  mie! 


—  Edzvard  Renaud. 


-fci^ 


gegi^iiiiE. 


33l'H01ua  Msi'oicir.      Natural  Order:  Bcgo)iiaccLC  —  Begonia  Family. 


I  "  LCjONIAS  were  so  named  by  the   French   Botanist,  Plumier, 
111   honor  of  Michael  Begon,  a   governor  of  Santo   Domingo, 
'    .and  a  patron  of  science.     They  are  natives  of  Jamaica,  Brazil, 
I       tlie  East  and  West  Indies,  and  other  tropical  countries.     The 
■i/\  -Ip     i.u-ge-leaved    varieties    have    been    vulgarly    called    Elephant's 
^JkP^    f-J  Ears,  which  ■  they  may    perhaps    resemble    in    shape,    but    the 
^}     exquisite  beaut}'  of  their  coloring  eliminates  from  the  mind  every 
ugh-  and  unpleasant  synonym.      Some  of  them   are  a  dark    green  with 
a  band  of  silver,  or  groupings  of  siher  blotches ;  or  again  entirel\-  bronze, 
according  to  the  individual   plant.     This  species  is  grown  chiefly  for  its 
foliage;    the    flowers    are    mosth-   white    or    faintly    tinted,    blooming    on 
short    stems.       There    are    several    kinds,    however,    with    small    waxy 
leaves   that   make   a   splendid    appearance  when    in    bloom,   being    hand- 
some   in    color    and    of  Hne    texture.      The    stems  of  the    large    foliage 
varietv  are  ver\'  much  distorted. 


QHE  did  corrupt  frail  nature  with  some  bribe 

^  To  shrink  mine  arm  up  like  a  wither'd  shrub, 

To  make  an  en\ious  mountain  on  my  back. 

Where  sits  deformity  to  make  my  body; 

To  shape  my  legs  of  an  unequal   size; 

To  disproportion  me  in  every  part 

Like   to  a   cliaos.  —Shaktspeare. 


|)Efijrmiii|. 


D-^,:?.", 


MITV 


essence  to  o'ertake  mankind 
By  heart  and  soul,  and  make  itself  the  equal 
Ay,  the  superior  of  the  rest.      There  is 
A  spur  in  its  halt  movements,  to  become 
All  that  others  cannot,  in  such  things 
As  are  still  free  for  both.  —Byron. 


k 


\M    1   to  blame  if  nature  threw  my  body 
^  ^    In  so  perverse  a  mold.'  yet  when  she  cast 
ller  envious  hand   upon  my  supple  joints. 
Unable  to  resist,  and   rumpled  them 
On   heaps  in   their  dark   lods;in(j;  to  revenge 
Her  bungled  work,  she  stamped  mv  mind  mure  f; 


And  as  from  chaos,  huddled  and  deform 'd. 
The  gods  struck  fire,  and  lighted  up  the  lamps 
That  beautify  the  sky;  so  she  inform'd 
This  ill-shap'd  body  with  a  daring  soul. 
And,  making  me  less  than  man,  she  made  me  more. 
-Lee. 


^^m. 


McUil0mtv 


tHanipanula   rotUUllifolia.       Natural  Order:    Ccrmpa/i/t/acca: — Bc/hcor/  Family. 


AMP,   cool    and    rocky  places   are    the    favorite   abodes   of  this 
simple   little   flower  i known   also   as   the    Harebell),   and   it  is 
accordingly  found  in   great   abundance   in   the  New  England 
States    and    the    Dominion    of    Canada.      The    family  of   the 
Campanulas   is  quite  extensi\-e,  numbering  about   five   hundred 
^pecics.      The    flowers,   though   simple,   are  various   in   colors,  and   are 
worthy  of  attention.      In    this  species   they  are   blue,  which   is   the   pre- 
\ailing  tint,  though  others  run  through  different  shades  of  purple,  from 
violet    to    lilac,   and  white.      The    Campanula    pyramidalis    is    the    hand- 
somest and  most  stately,  growing  from  three  to  five  feet,  blooming  the 
second  year  trom  the  seed,  and  producing  blossoms  by  the  hundred 


%  (Banshuil  rpcnrl, 


T^HEN*  come  the  wild  weatlier,  come  >leet  or  come  snow, 

*      We  will   stand  bv   each  other  however  it  blow. 
Oppression  and  sickness,  and  sorrow,  and  pain, 
Shall  be  to  our  true  love  as  links  to  the  chain. 

—  Lonsffeltoztj, 


'T'O  keep  one  sacred  flame 

^     Through  life  unchilled,  unmoved, 
To  love  in  wintry  age 

The  same  that  first  in  youth  we  lov'd, 
To  leel  that  we  adore 


With  such  refined  excess, 
That  tho'  the  heart  would  break 

It  could  not  live  with  less: 
This  is  love  — faithful  love; 
Such  as  saints  might  feel  above. 


w 


HEN  all  things  have  tlieir  trial. 
Nothing  is  constant  but  a  virtu 


shall   find 
lind.      —Shirley. 


TOVE,  c 
^^    Age 


constant  love! 
cannot  quench  it  —  like  the  primal  r 
From  the  vast   fountain  that  supplies  the  da 

Far,  far  above 
Our  cloud-encircled  region,  it  will   flow 
As  pure  and  as  eternal  in  its  glow. 


poui 

^       Ar, 


^LD  genius  sink  in  dull  decay. 
And  wisdom  cease  to  lend  her  ray: 
Should  all  that  I  have  worshiped  change, 
Even  this  could  not  my  heart  estrange; 
Thou  <:till  wouldst  be  the  first  — the  first 
That  (aught  the  love  sad  tears  have  nursed. 
—  Mrs.  Embury 


m 


■m 


gerticrrg. 


Dcvbcris   nukiaviS.      Natural  Ordek:  Bcrbcridacece  —  Bcrbci 


ROWN   in   our   gardens    as    an   ornament,  this   graceful,  busliv 

shrub  is  very  generally  known.      The  leaves  are  a  dark  green, 

with   serrated  edges,  each  notch  being  bristly.      The  flowers 

ire  yellow,  hanging   in    small    clusters.     The   fruit    is    brilliant 

ind  attractive,  of  a  bright    scarlet   in   color,   oblong   in    shape, 

J|      '^  and  appearing  more  like  pendulous  groups  of  coral  ear-drops, 

than   dn^  thing  else.     The   leaves,  as  well   as   fruit,  have  a  sharp  acid 

taste,  the  latter  being  frequentlj-  used  for  making  jelly,  while  from  the 

loot  can  be  prepared  a  yellow  dye. 


'T'HOSE  hearts  that  start  at  once  into  a  blaze, 

And  open  all  their  rage,  like  summer  storms 
At  once  discharged,  grow  cool  again  and  calm. 


—  C.  Joliiisoil. 

piE!  wrangling  queen! 

'■     Whom  everything  becomes  —  to  chide,  to  laugh. 

'pHE  ocean  lash'd  to  fury 
i    Its  high  wave  mingling 

loud, 

with 

To  weep.     Whose  e\er_v  passion  fully  strives 

Is  peaceful,  sweet  serenity. 

To  make  itself  in  thee,  fair  and  admired. 

To  anger's  dark  and  storm  \ 

sea. 

—Shakespeare. 

— /.  H 

"ITTHEN  anger  rushes,  unrestrain'd,  to  action, 
'•  Like  a  hot  steed,  it  stumbles  in  its  w.iy: 
The  man  of  thought  strikes  deepest,  and  strikes  safest. 


11 /f  Y  rage  is  not  malicious ;  like  a  spark 
^'^    Of  fire  by  steel  enforc'd  out  of  flinty 


LL  furious  as  a  favor'd  child 


It  is  no  sooner  kindled,  but  extinct. 


A  woman  piqued,  who  has  her 


-Goffe. 


still, 
vill. 
-Byron 


QHE  is  peevish,  sullen,  froward. 

Proud,  disobedient,  stubborn,  lacking  duty : 
Neither  regarding  that  she  is  my  child. 
Nor  fearing  me  as  if  I  were  her  father. 

—Shakespeare. 

4S 


^m 


gircfc* 


1i 


ing  trees 


Bctula   Icnta.      Natural  Order:  Bdulacccc  —  Birch  Family. 


NOWN  as  the  black,  cherry  or  sweet  Birch,  and  sometimes 
(.ailed  mountain  mahogany  from  the  hardness  of  its  wood,  this 
\aluable  tree  abounds  in  the  United  States  from  New  England 
to  Ohio,  and  often  reaches  a  height  of  seventy,  and  a  diameter 
of  three,  feet.  Children  are  very  fond  of  the  inner  bark  of  this 
tree  in  springtime,  when  it  has  an  aromatic  fragrance  and 
pk  i>~cint  flavor.  It  is  from  the  Paper  Birch  that  the  Indians  obtain 
the  baik  for  their  light  and  buoyant  canoes,  in  which  they  glide  in 
safety  through  the  most  dangerous  waters.  The  Yellow  or  Siher 
Hnch  ib  the  artist's  tree  par  excelkiicc.  Its  beautiful  outer  bark,  like 
satin  in  luster,  peels  from  around  the  trunk  and  branches,  and  hangs 
in  the  most  fantastic  rolls  and  curls,  resting  on  an  undertone  of  warm 
and  tender  brown,  making  it  one  of  the  choicest  and  most  illuminat- 
in  a  woodland  sketch,  and  one  that  always  delights  a  painter's  heart. 


Jbgant^. 


POR  faultless  was  her  form  as  beauty's  queen. 
And  every  winning  grace  that  lo\  e  demands, 
With  mild  attemper'd  dignity  was  seen 
Play  o'er  each  lovely  limli,  and  deck   her  angel   mien. 

—Mrs.  TigUc. 


TIER  face  so  fair,  as  flesh  it  seemed  not, 

But  heavenly  portrait  of  bright  angels'  hue, 

Clear  as  the  sky,  withouten  blame  or  blot. 

Through  goodly  mixture  of  complexion's  dew. 
-Stei,s,-r. 

pRACEFUL  to  sight,  and  elegant  to  thought, 
^  The  great  are  vanquish'd,  and  the  wise  are  tauglit. 


T' 


*HE  silk  star-broidered  coverlid 
Unto  her  limbs  itself  doth  mold. 

Languidly  ever;  and,  amid 

Her  full  black  ringlets,  downward  rolled, 

Glows  forth  each  softly -shadowed  arm. 
With  bracelets  of  the  diamond   bright. 

Her  constant  beautv  doth  inform 


.Stillness  with  love,  and 


with   light. 
—  Tcnnr.-o 


liitjc'k  p.0iir'h0mmA* 


11 


i 


Okdek:   Labiativ  —  Mint  Faniilv. 


ERE  is  an  unattractive   foreign    plant   supposed  to  have   been 

intioduced    into  this  country  through   the  commerce   of   the 

nations,  as    many  of  our   now  obnoxious  weeds   ha\-e   found 

their  way,  concealed    in   various    grains    imported    for    seed. 

It  IS   now  frequently  found   naturalized   in  the  fields   and   by 

the   waysides.      The   stem   is    from   two   to    three   feet   high, 

\mg  bioad,  opposite   leaves   covered  with   a  soft  down.      It  derives 

its  name  from   the  Greek  word  hallo,  to  throw,  or   reject,  on    account 

of  its    oflensive    odor.      It    blooms    in   July,  the    flowers    being    either 

purple  or  white,  and  of  little  beauty. 


jctl  X""* 


T 


But  fraiiklv,  sir,  'tis  all  I   hi 


T  TE  came  too  late!     Hei-  countless  dreanis 

Of  hope  had  long  since  flown. 
No  charms  dwelt  in  his  chosen  themes. 

Nor  in  his  whisper'd  tone; 
And  when  with  word  and   smile  he  tried 

Affection  still  to  prove, 
She  nerved  her  heart  with   woman's  pride. 

And  spurn'd  his  tickle  love.     -Eliiabeth  Bogart. 


u  on   that 

can   live; 

1   I   ha^•e  tc 

give. 
—Dryden. 

"IITHERE  is  anothe 

sweet  as  m 

VV    Fine 

of  the  fine. 

and  shv  of  t 

Fine  little 

hands,  fine 

little  feet  — 

De^ 

V  blue  eve 

Shall  I  wi 

ite  to  her.' 

shall  I  go.' 

Ask  he 

r  to  marry 

me  bv-and-h 

Somebody 

said  that  s 

le'd  sav  no. 

oblige  me  suddenly  to  choose, 
hoice  is  m.ade  —  and   I   must  you  refuse. 


TIKE  a  lovely  tree 

She  grew  to  womanhood,  and  between   whi 


Rejected  several  suitors. 


T    HAVE  heard  — 

*    But  you  shall  promise  ne'er  again 

To  breathe  your  \ows  or  speak  your 


■PVO   I   not   in  plainest  truth 

*-      Tell  you  —  I  do  not,   nor  I  cannot  love  vou.' 


glailAjeriimt. 


Stapljjllca   tfifcilia.      Natl'rai.  Oudek:  Sapindaccie  —  Soapberry  Family. 


ECl  \A  \R    to   this    handsome   shrub,   found   in   various    sections 

,ol    the    United   States,    are    the    bladder-like    capsules   or    pods, 

/fiom  which  it  derives  its  name,  and  in  which  are  contained  the 

seeds    or   nuts.      These    are    hard,  bon}^   smooth    and    polished. 

;  The    Howers,  which    bloom    in    JMay,    are  white   and    hang    in 

'^V'^''h"'t.   pendulous  clusters,    somewhat    like    bunches    of  grapes. 

\\heni.t;    the    scientific    Greek    name,    Staphylea.      It    grows    to    the 

height  ot    SIX,    eight,    or   even   ten    feet,   chieflv  in   low  lands,   in   moist 

woods,  amongst  the   underbrush.      The  wood   is    firm   and  white,   and 

well  adapted  for  cabinet  work. 


J^  IrifHng  i^nratb? 


OH  !  there  are  some 
Can   trifle,  in  cold  vanity,  witli  all 
The   warm   soul's  precious  throbs;  to  whom   it  is 
A  triumph,  that  a  fond,  devoted  heart 
Is  breaking  for  them;  who  can  bear  to  call 
Young  flowers  into  beauty,  and  then  crush  them. 

— Letitia  E.  London. 


AROUND  him  some 


>us  circle  thrown 
Repell'd  approach  and  show'd  him  still  alone; 
Upon  his  eye  sat  something  of  reproof". 
That  kept  at  least  trivolity  aloof.  —Byron. 

TJE   was  perfumed   like  a  milliner: 

And  twixt  his  finger  and  his  thumb  he  held 
A  pouncet-box,  which,  ever  and  anon 
He  gave  his  nose  — 
.\nd  still  he  smiled  and  talked; 
And  as  the  soldiers  bare  dead  bodies  bv. 
He  called  them  "  untaught  knaves  unmannerly. 
To  bring  a  slovenly,  unhandsome  corse 
Betwixt  the  wind  and  his  nobility."     —S/iak,:</:eare. 


eet 


VrOU  oftentimes  can  mark   upon  the 

The  gilded  toy  whom  fashion  idol 

Heartless  and  fickle,  swelled  with  self- 

.\voiding  alway   what  good  sense  advises. 

—  W.  H. 

'T'HE  joy  that  vain  amusement  gives. 

O.  sad  conclusions  that  it  brings, 
The  honey  of  a  crowded  hive, 

Defended  by  a  thousand  stings. 
'Tis  thus  the  world  rewards  the  fools 

That  live  upon  her  treacherous  smiles, 
.She  leads  them  blindfold  by  her  rules. 
.\nd  ruins  all   wliom  she  beguiles. 

— Copper, 


g0rE||je* 


Boraqci    offirinalis.      Natural  Order:  Boragiiiacea  —  Borage  Family. 


\GLAND  and   the  rest  of  Europe  as  well   as  America  now 

own  this   plant  in  a  naturalized    state,  though  it  is    generally 

believed   to  have  been  originall}'  indigenous  to  the  region  of 

Aleppo,  in  Turkey.      It  is  cultivated   in  the  kitchen    garden 

lor  Its  young  leaves,  which  are  considered  excellent  for  salads, 

"■'v^    pickles  and  pot-herbs.      It  is  an  annual,  about  two  feet  high, 

with    o\al    leaves    growing    alternately  on    each    side  of  the    stem,    the 

whole  plant  being  rough  and  covered  with  hairs.      It  is  also  grown  as 

an    ornamental    plaht  in    the  flower    garden.      The    flowers    are   a    pale 

blue,  appearing  in  spring  on  the  ends  of  the  branches.      The  plants  of 

this  whole  family  abound  in  mucilaginous  juices  containing   much  niter, 

and  are  said  never  to  possess  any  poisonous  or  harmful  quality. 


_^iiru|ilncss. 


PHE  reed  in  storms  mav  bow  and  quiver, 

QUDDEXLY  all  the  sky  is  hid 
^   As  with  the  shuttins>;  of  a  lid. 

^     Then  rise  again;  tlie  tree  must  shiver. 

—Byron. 

—  James  K„ss,ll Lo 

I  do  not  love 

Although 

lucli  ceremony;  suits  in  lo\e  sliould  not. 

The  air  of  Paradise  did   Ian  the  house, 

ike  suits  in  law,  be  rock'd  from   term  to  term. 

And  angels  offic'd  all,   I   will  begone. 

-^SI,M,-v. 

-Shatfsjit 

'pin.S  is   some   fellow, 
^     Who,  having  been  prais'd  tor  bluntness,  doth  affect 
A  saucy  roughness,  and  constrains  the  garb; 
Quite  from  his  nature!  he  can't  flatter,  he, 
An  honest  mind  and  plain  —  he  must  speak  truth: 
And  they  will  take  it  so;  if  not,  he  's  plain. 
These  kind  of  knaves  I  know,  which  in  this  plainness 
Harbor  more  craft,  and   far  corrupter  ends. 
Than  tnventy  silly  ducking  observants. 
That  stretch  their  duty  nicely.  — 'i/ial-e.'fcare. 

5- 


I 
M 

m 


Saponaria    oft'uinalis.       Nati'ral  Order:    Caryop/iy//accir  —  Pink  Family, 


W ^ illl^ ^^  -  •'^  doorvards  of  old-tashioned  country  houses,  and  by  the 
*•  ^'.  t  *  $' > ^  i^      roadsides   throughout   the   country,   this    phuit   may  be   tbund 

'''-^^t^  ^^!^in  abundance.  The  phice  of  its  nativity  is  Europe,  but  it 
.,  ^       O    i  ,^li.      has  long  been  naturalized  in  America.      It  is  about  two  feet 


.^  nil—JL^^I  high,  of  a   succulent,  herbaceous    growth,    and    nearly   allied 

^^■y^^'^J  to    the    bunch    pinks,    though    much    coarser.      The    flowers 

^lT^^  bloom  in  clusters,  and   are   the   palest   possible    shade    faltering   between 

""^  pink    and  white.      The    root    is    perennial,  and    inclined    to    spread    and 

fy  become  obtrusive.  As  one  means  of  curtailing  its  obtrusiveness,  its 
.seeds,  which  are  very  fertile  and  abundant,  should  be  clipped  and  de- 
^^r^stroved  before  thev  ripen.  The  bruised  stalks  make  a  lather  in  water, 
/  "HI  which  quality  gi\-es  it  the  name  of  Soap\\ort  in  our  vernacular,  as  w ell 
Vii^     as  its  scientific  appellation  Saponaria,  from  the  Latin  sapo.  soap. 


|ntru! 


SUDDEN  rush  from  tlie  stair 
^    .\  sudden  raid  from  the  hall, 
,'  three  doors  Icit  unguarded, 
Thev  enter  mv  castle  wall. 


O'er  the  arms  and  back  of  m% 

If  I   try  to  escape,  they   surround 

Thev  seem  to  be  ever\\vliere. 


g.T. 


the  sound  g: 

the  speakers  drew  more  near  — 
Sweet,  forgive  me  that  I  heard 

What  you  wished  me  not  to  hear. 

Elizabelh  Bayrell  Brm'inmg. 


T   had  much  rather  see 

^    A  crested  dragon,  or 

a  basilisk: 

Both  are  less  poison  to 

m^■  eves  and  nature. 

-Dryden. 

into  word 

TOVE  knoweth  ev 

11  ol  an-, 
^   And  every  shape  of  earth. 
And  comes  unbidden  everywhere. 
Like  thought's  mvsterious  birth. 


'm. 


A    L.\DY!     In  the  narrow  sp.ace 

^        Between  the  husband  and  the 

But  nearest  him  —  she  showed  a  fac 

With  dangers  rife.  —Jea 

53 


§011. 


1 


CuVUS    SCmpnnirfnS.       Xati'rai.   Order:  EupliorbiaceiV  —  Spurge  Family. 


NGRAVERS  on  wood  are  much  indebted  to  this  tree  for  the 

blocks  they  use  to  work  on,  which,  after  having  been  sawed 

and   made  perfectly  smooth,  receive  a  slight  coating  of  some 

white    substance,    usualty   white    lead    or    Chinese    white,   to 

lender  the  drawing  more  conspicuous.      The  artist's  work  is 

done  in  pencil  or  India  ink.     The  engraver  then  follows  with 

lie  ate  touch  the  lines  before  him,  and  cuts  the  picture  into  the  wood 

|L  ,^    beneath       The    botanical    name    of  this    shrub    comes    from    the    Latin. 

The  woid  Buxus,  box,  is  itself  derived  from  the  Greek  p//.ws,  pyx,  or 

small    box,    and    semfervirois    is    from    the    two    Latin    words    semper. 

Iways,  and    vireiis.  present    participle  of  the  verb  virere,  to  be  green. 

There  are  several  varieties  of  this  genus  which  are  natives  of  Europe. 

The    species    known    scientifically  as  the    Buxus   Nana,  or  Dwarf  Box, 

is  fnuch  used  as  a  bordering  for  walks  both  here  and  abroad. 


^ioittsm. 


rVS.   his  dark  face  a  scorching  cHme 
^  And  toil,  had  done  the  work  of  time 
Roughen'd  the  brow,  the  temples  bared, 
And  sable  hairs  with  silver  shared. 
Yet  left  —  what  age  alone  could  tame  — 
The  lip  of  pride,  the  eye  of  flame ; 


The  full-drawn  lip  that  upward  curl'd. 
The  eye  that  seem'd  to  scorn  the  world. 
That  lip  had  terror  never  blench'd: 
Ne'er  in  that  eye  had  tear-drop  quench'd 
The  flash  severe  of  swarthy  glow. 
That  mock'd  at  pain  and  knew   not  woe. 

—Sir  Walter  Scotl. 


"jVTOR  box,  nor  limes,  without  their  use  are  made, 
-'■'    .Smooth-grain'd  and  proper  for  the  turner's  trade; 
Which  curious  hands  may  carve,  and  seal 
With  ease  invade.  —virgil. 


i 


'T'HE  rolling  wheel,  that  runneth  often  'round, 
'-    The  hardest  steel  in  tract  of  time  doth  tear; 
And  drizzling  drops,  that  often  do  redound. 
Firmest  flint  doth  in  continuance  wear: 


Yet  cannot  I,  with  many  a  dropping  tear, 
And  long  entreaty,  soften  her  hard  heart. 
That  she  will  once  vouchsafe  my  plaint  to  hear 
Or  look   with  pity  on   my   painful    smart. 


m^ 


^xo0m 


(Dcnista   timtoiia.      Natural  Order:  Lcgiimiuosa:— Pulse  Family. 


J»^HIS  is  a  perennial  shrubby  plant,  about  a  foot  high,  bearing 
bright  yellow  flowers  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves  or  branches, 
blooming  singly,  and  on  short  stems,  in  May  and  June. 
Lowper  speaks  of  its  blossoms  as  "yellow  and  bright  as 
bullion  unalloyed,"  and   !\Iary  Howitt  says: 

■•  Rut  ne'er  was  flower  so  lair  as  this, 
In  modern  days  or  olden; 
It  groweth  on  its  nodding  stem 
Like  to  a  garden  golden." 

It  IS  a  native  of  Europe,  but  is  found  naturalized  in  some  parts  of 
L  the  United  States,  and  is  useful  to  the  dyer  in  forming  a  yellow  dye, 
^or  a  green  when  combined  with  woad.     The   color  is   obtained   from 


an}    part  of  the  plant. 


TJUMBLE  we  must  be.  if  to  Heaven  « 
^  ^  High  is  the  root'  there,  but  the  gate 
Whene'er  thou  speak'st.  look  with  lowly 
Grace  is  increased  by   humility. 


~Roh,rl  Ihrrick. 


'T'HE  cedar's  shade  like  a  cloud  ma; 

^     .•\thwart  the  lily's  brightness  — 
Yet  why  complain.'   it  leaves  no  stair 

To  mar  the  blossom's  whiteness; 
And  darkly  thus  may  pride  and  powe 


H 


JMILIT^ 

'   is  the  eldest-born  of 

■irtue. 

,\nd  clain 

is  the  birthright  at  tlie 

tlirone  of 

heav' 

1-           —Murfhy. 

TTE.WEN'S  gates  are  not  so  highly  arched 
■^  ^  As  princes'  palaces :  they  that  enter  there 
Must  go  iipon  their  knees.        —John  WibsUr. 


Appear  to  press  the  lowly, 
Yet  never  may  the  shadow  stay 
Where  Faith,  like  blossom  holy. 
Keeps  white  the  heart;  to  such  there  will  be  givei 
A  blest  assurance  of  the  love  of  Heaven. 

Mrs.   Halt. 

T    .\M  content  to  touch  the  brink 
'    or  the  other  goblet,  and   I   think 
My  bitter  drink  a  wholesome  drink. 
Because  my  portion  was  assigned 
Wholesome  and  bitter.    Thou  art  kind. 
And  I  am  blessed  to  mv  mind. 


-Eliiabcth  Barrett  Broi.ninff. 


-^^S 


f 


grj00m  €0vn 


1 


Soi"C|l)Uni    nulliarc.       Xatuuai,   Ohder:    Gramincir  —  Grass  Fatnily. 


ARIOUS  parts  of  the  United  States  are  fovorable  to  the  culti- 
'     \ation  of  this  corn,  which  is   manufactured  into  brooms,  con- 
stituting a  special  industr}'  of  most  of  the  Shaker  communities, 
\''  besides    many    private    persons.       It    looks    very  much    like    the 
Z^'^     Indian  corn  as  regards   its  leaves  and   height.      When  the  panicle 
IS    sulficiently  mature,  the  stalk    is  bent   down   at  the  top  until   ripe 
enough  to  cut.      It  is  a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  and  has  been  chosen 
as  an  emblem  of  labor.      The  Sorghum  saccharatum,  or  Chinese  sugar 
(.  me,  is  supposed  to  be  another  variety,  which  yields  a  saccharine  juice, 
whence  its    name;    but   even   this,   it   is   said,   does    not    give    a    product 
equal   to  the  crvstallized    svrup  of  the  East   India    species  of  the  same 
chai  acter. 


JaBar. 


TABOR  is  health.     Lo!  thu  hiisb;uidniaii  reaping, 

■*-'  How  through  his  veins  goes  the  life  current  leaping! 

How  his  strong  arm  in  its  stalwart  pride  sweeping, 

True  as  a  sunbeam  the  swift  sickle  guides.  —Mrs.  Osgood. 


G':;. 


the  fair  one,  in  country  or  city, 
Whose  home  and  its  duties  are  dear  to  the  heart, 
Who  cheerfully  warbles  some  rustical  ditty, 
While  plying  the  needle  with  e.xquisite  art. 

—  W»odv.'Ortk. 


M' 


AN  hath  his  daily  work  of  bod^ 
Appointed,  which  declare  his  d 
While  other  animals  inactive  range. 
And  of  their  doings  God  takes  no 


% 


/^OME,  my  fair  love,  our  morning  task  we  lose. 
Some  labor  e'en  the  easiest  life  would  choose; 
Ours  is  not  great,  the  dangling  boughs  to  crop, 
Whose  too  luxuriant  growth  mw  alleys  stop. 


'pO  till  the  ground,"  said  Goi 
^   ".Subdue  the  earth,  it  shall 


How  grand,  hov 
How   Hise  til. 


—Drvdeii. 

mean  task 
Would  be  as  heavy  to  me  as  odious;  but 
Tl)e  mistress,  which  I  serve,  quickens  what's  dead, 
lakes  my  labors  pleasures.       -shak,-sf,-art. 


'piii.s 


And 


56 


r 


SrexwaUia. 


^1 


Bromallia    rcrnilca.       Xatikai,   Ordeh:   Scrop/ni/ariacav  —  Figzvort  Fa7)iily. 


'ROM  Peru  and  Brazil  comes  this  delicate  little  annual,  one 
among-  man}-  recent  additions  to  our  gardens.  It  received 
^  Its  name  I'rom  Linnaeus  in  honor  of  his  intimate  friend  (who 
\\as  afterward  his  enemy),  Johan  Browall,  bishop  of  Abo, 
J  in  Sweden.  It  is  about  a  foot  high,  and  is  delicate  and 
^i)  giaceful  in  appearance,  being  covered  continually  with  innu- 
^  meiable  flowers,  which  are  very  peculiar  in  shape,  bearing  a 
tancitul  resemblance  to  a  salver  with  two  deep  indentations  in  the 
sides.  The  plant  is  well  calculated  lor  pot  culture.  The  varieties  are 
white,  rose,  and  a  purplish  blue. 


6nn  Yc«  iS^nr  I'oufrlii? 

11  I Y  crown   is  in   my   heart,  not  on   my   head; 

Not  deck'd   with  diamonds  and  Indian  stones, 
Nor  to  be  seen:    my  crown  is  call'd  content; 
A  crown  it  is  that  seldom  kings  enjoy. 


r\  GRAXl 
^     Neither 


•JT  me,  heav'n,  a  middle  state - 
ither  too  humble  nor  too  great: 
More  than  enough  for  nature's  ends, 
With  something  left  to  treat  mv  friends. 


-Shakespeare. 

•"IT  for  greatness,  I  her  snares  defy, 
nd  look  on  riches  with  untainted  eye. 

To  others  let.  the  glitt'ring  baubles  fall ; 

Content  shall  place  tne  far  above  them  all. 


^^    And 


TJ.\PPY  the  life  that  in  a  peaceful  stream. 

Obscure,  unnoticed,  through  the  vale  has  flow'd; 
The  heart  that  ne'er  was  charm'd  by  fortune's  gleam 
Is  ever  sweet  contentment's  blest  abode.  —Pera 


■\  if  ERE   store  of  money  is  not  wealth,  hut  rather 
^        The  proof  of  poverty  and  need  of  bread. 
Like  men  themselves  is  the  bright  gold  they  gather; 
It  may  be  living,  or  it  may  be  dead. 


It  may  be  filled  with  love  and  life  and  vigor. 
To  guide  the  wearer,  and  to  cheer  the  \v; 

It  may  be  corpse-like  in  its  weight  and  rigoi 
Bending  the  bearer  to  his  native  ch 


4 


B 


John  Boyle  O'Reilly. 


E  honest  poverty  thy  boasted  wealth ; 
So  shall   thy   friendships  be  sincere,  tho'   few, 
shall  tliy  sleep  be  sound,  thy  waking  cheert-ul. 


l\ 


5llU"l)U5a    affuiualis.       Xatlrai.   Order:  Boraginacecx  —  Borage  Family. 


I  R    gardens,    fields    and    roadsides    everywhere    furnish    this 

loui^h  perennial  plant,  which  produces  an  abundance  of  sweet- 

stented  purple  flowers  during  the  entire  summer.      The  leaves 

ue    long    and    rough,  from   which   it   has    received    in    England 

tliL    ii.ime  of  Ox-tongue,  and   the   stem   is  covered  with   bristly 

\\d\\s       The    root    is    used    in    medicine,    producing    a    gentle 

^--/'/*^^^  moistuie   thiough  the   system.      The   root  of  one  of  the   species  yields 

^^i%^  the  red  d_\e  that  was  so  much  used  by  the  Athenian  ladies  as  a  rouge 

t/^-Pr-    when  that  classic  city  was  in  its  prime. 


m  J 

k- 


|i|pni 


li 


'T'HERETO  when  needed,  she  could  weep  and   prav 
^     And  when  she  hsted  she  could  fawn  and   riatter, 
Now  smiling  smoothly,  like  to  summer's  day. 
Now  glooming  sadly,  so  to  cloak  the  matter; 
Yet  were  her  words  but  wind,  and  all   her  tears  but 


T7VE11Y   man  in  this  age  has  not  a  soul  A    glittering  volume  may  cover 

■'--'  Of  crystal,  for  all  men  to  read  their  actions  '^    A  story  of  sorrow  and  woe: 

Through;  men's  hearts  and  faces  are  so  far  asunder  And  night's  gayest  meteors  may  hover 

Tliat  they  hold  no  intelligence.  Where  danger  lies  lurking  below. 

— Braitmont  and  Flrtcht^r.  

QO  smooth   he  daubed  his  life  with  show  of  virtue. 
■^     He  lived  from  all  attainder  of  suspect. 

-Shakrsfear,. 

A/'ET  there  came  a  time  Q*-^'  '"end,  be  w.arned!     He  is  not  one 

^     To  my   proud  love's  prime.  ^   Thy  youth  should   trust,   for  all   his  sm 

When  that  proved  base  I  had  deemed  sublime.  Frank  foreheads,  genial  as  the  sun, 

By  the  cool  stream's  bed  May  hide  a  thousand  treacherous   wiles 

My  flowers  hung  dead,  And  tones  like  music's  honeyed  flow 

And  the  serpent,  hissing,  upreared  its  head!  May  work  —  God  knows!  —  the  bitterest  w< 

—Mary  E.  BraJUy.  Paul  H.  Ha\ 


5tiuU*nsh» 


Srirfius  laiust 


Order:   Cypcracdc — Sfdffc  Family. 


.p'p^^h 


•'V  uticoiiinion  and  peculiar  is  the  appearance  of  the  Bulrush 

yi    (.'lubrush.  as  it  is  occasionally  called,  which  makes  it  quite 

►      -o   n(jticeahle  wherever  it  appears  anionj^  other  t,^rasses:  the 

'//I  i\es    beini;-    tubular,  with   various    line    ^n-()o\-es   or   channels 

_.    ..iniiini^    up  and  down    their    length.      The   Lake    Bulrush    is 

-  ^Hhe    largest    of  the    species;    growing    in    low     lands,    nuiddy 

marshes,  and  on  the  margins  of  streams  and  ponds.      hi  early  times 

It   was    nuich    used    in    scouring    tin.    copper    and    pewter  ware,   but 

modem  <uts  having  supplied  us  with  nuich  better  substitutes,  it  now 

remains    unmolested.      It  was  in    some    species    of  Bulrush    or    reed 

found  along  the  borders  of  the  Nile,  that  the  infant  Moses  was  dis- 

co\  ered  .uid  rescued  by  the  maids  of  the  Egyptian  princess. 


Jiibrcistnii. 


OHE  will,  and  she   xvil 
Consents,  retracts,  a 

IREE  things  a  wise  man  will   not  trust: 
The  wind,  the  sunshine  of  an    .Vpril  dav. 
And  woman's  plighted  faith.      I  have  beheld 
The  weathercock   upon  the  steeple  point 
.Steady  from  morn  till  eve.  and   I   have  seen 
The  bees  go  forth  upon  an   April   morn, 
.Secure  the  sunshine  will   not  end  in  showers: 
But  when   was  woman  true?  —Snnfhi: 


lot  —  she  grants,  denies, 
ances,  and  then  flies. 

—Grami/lf. 

'yHE  shepherd  told  me  all  his  ] 
'  I  ran  and  told  it  all  again; 
But  Phillis  gave  herself  such  airs 
It  fills  poor  Colin's  breast  with  c 
.\nd  I  can  hardly  tell,  I'm  sure. 
If  she  will  grant  at  last  a  cure, — 
T  've  told  you  all.  and  what  think 
I   won't  repeat:   so  tell   me  —  do!- 


IVyl  OST  fair  is  e'er  most  fickle.      A   fair  girl 

Is  like  a  thousand  beauteous  things  of  earth. 
But  most  like  them  in  love  of  change. 


pLOUDS   turn  with  < 

They   keep  us  in   si: 

Yet  oft  perverse,  like  \ 


very  wind  about: 
;pense  and  doubt: 
oman-kind. 


—PffrhoM. 

.\re  seen  to  scud  against  the  w 
Is  not  this  lady  just  the  same.= 
For  who  can  tell  what  is  her  ai 


m 


gurjftocli. 


1 


i.\l|Opa   major.       Xatthai,  Order:    Coiiipositiv  —  Aster  Family. 


\    ^"^f^^ff  r'^'  UDGED  by  the  popular  verdict,  the  Burdock   is    an   unattractive 

-      ^.^L,i  need,  one  of  the  coarsest  and   most  obnoxious  of  the  plants  that 

■^•^  infest  the  roadsides,  barnj-ards  and  fields,  yet  the  roots  are  used  in 

medicine  as  a  tonic   and   alterative    and   to  produce   a  gentle  per- 

^:   spn-ation.     The  leaves  are  large,  often   nearly  two  feet  long,  with 

coarse  cords  or  veins  running  through  them,  and  the  entire  plant 

is  pervaded  by  a  bitter,  disagreeable  odor  and  taste.     It  grows  about 

three  or  four  feet  in   height,  and  is  pyramidal  in  shape.      The  burrs 

are   the    mo.st    disagreeable    part,   as  each    little   scale   that   ibrms  the 

"'^  floral  sheath  is   armed  with  a  hook,  by  which  it  fastens  to  anything 

it   may  touch,  and    if  ripe  and  dry  it    adheres    most    tenaciously.      It 

is  a  naturalized  plant  from    Europe,  and  blooms  in  July  and  August. 

The  flowers  are  a  delicate  pink. 


K. 


'T'HERE  is  some  soul  of  goodness   in   things  evil, 

Would  men  observingly  distil  it  out; 
For  our  bad  neighbors  make  us  early  stirrers; 
Which  is  both  healthful  and  good  husbandry. 

— Shakeapear. 


T    TO  my  chimney's  shrine 

Brought  him,  as  Love  professes. 

And  chafed  his  hands  with  mine, 
And  dried  his  dripping  tresses. 


Forthwith  his  bow  he  bent, 

And  wedded  string  and  arrow 

And  struck  me,  that  it  went 
Quite  through  my  heart  and 


But  when  that  he  felt  warmed; 

Let's  try   this  bow  of  ours. 
And  string,  if  they  be  harmed. 

Said  he,  with  these  late  showers. 


Then  laughing  loud,  he  flew 

Away,  and  thus  said,  flying: 
Adieu,  mine  host,  adieu! 

I'll  leave  thy  heart  a-dying. 

— Ajiacrcoti. 

A  H!  charming  isle  in  the  warm,  green  sea! 
O  sirens!  tempting  me  to  wrong. 
What  value  have  your  meads  to  me? 

—Jama:  Muiinci  Thompson. 
60 


^^m 


gmtt  Jeremy, 


HaUUlUuluS   aais.      Natural  Order:  Raniniciilacecc—  Crov-foot  Family 


^  ^'L  \IXT  is  the  fancy  that  attaches  in  the  minds  of  the  j'oung 
''         '\\      to  this  common   plant,   so  beautifully  characterized  by  the 
*  p(jet   Robert    Browning   as    "the   little   children's   dower." 
The  very  name  calls  up  the  picture  of  children  crouching 
in  the  grass,  and  holding  the  golden  blossoms  under  each 
other's  chin  to  see  if  by  the  reflection  they  love  butter,  feel- 
ing assured  that  the  least  yellow  gleam  is  indicative  that  their  bread 
should  be  thickly  spread  with  that  golden  and  necessary  product  of 
the  dairy.     The  leaves  drop  from  the  plant  easily,  and  frequently  the 
east   touch  will  cause   the   petals  of  the    flowers  to  fall  in  a  golden 
shower. 

Jislrttsi. 

'T'HOU  hast  no  truth  to  prove,  lair  Eloise; 

^     And  I  sav  thou  art  false,  who  loved  thee  most; 
Then  spare  us  both  these  feints  and  artful  words. 
I  could  forgive  thee  if  thou  didst  not  play 
The  actress  with  me  now.     And  now  I  go: 
But  ere  I  go,  I'll  say  I  do  forgive  thee.  —Frances  A.  Fuller. 


TTfHO  should   be   trus 
»  ♦  hand 

Is  perjur'd  to  the  boson 

But  count  the  world  a 
The  private  woiuid  is  d 


right  Our  doubts  are  traitors. 

And  make  us  lose  the  good  we  oft  might  « 
By  fearing  to  attempt.  —shake.<pear, 

T  IFE'S  sunniest  hours  are  not  without 
The  shadow  of  some  lingering  doubt. 


ti-u-it  thee  more, 
inger  for  thy  sake; 
lest.  —Shakespeare. 

'T'lII.S,  this  has  thrown  a  serpent  to  my  heart, 
While  it  o'erflowed  with  tenderness,  with  joy. 

With  all   the  sweetness  of  exulting  love; 

Xow  naught  hut  gall  is  there,  and  burning  poison. 


■  Timings, 


r\   DOUBT!    O  doubt!    I  know  my  destiny; 
^    I  feel  thee  fluttering  bird-like  in   my  breast; 
I  cannot  loose,  but  I  will  sing  to  thee. 
And  flatter  thee  to  rest. 


There  is  no  certainty,  "my  bosom's  guest," 
No  proving  for  the  things  whereof  ve  wot; 

For.  like  the  dead  to  sight  unmanifest, 

They  are,  and  they  are  not.     —Jean  higelaw. 


•tfl^- 


«? 


(f!^nciMum    Ipapilio    majUS.      Natural  Order:   Orchidacecc— Orchis  Family. 


f 


LORISTS  have  had  tlieir  interest  much  aroused  by  a  very 
Lxpensive  class  of  plants  called  Orchids,  partly  on  account 
of  their  curious  and  beautiful  flowers,  and  partly  because 
of  their  strange  manner  of  growth  and  individual  appear- 
ante  They  are  divided  into  two  classes,  terrestrial  and  aerial. 
^-j>i>  The  aerial  ones  are  confined  chiefly  to  tropical  climates, 
some  growing  in  damp  woods,  resting  on  trees,  while  others 
aie  found  on  dripping  rocks  among  mountains  and  near  water  courses. 
The  large  Butterfl}^  Orchis  is  one  among  the  finest  of  that  family 
known  as  Oncidium.  and  is  a  native  of  Trinidad.  The  blossom  has 
the  form  of  a  butterfly,  from  which  it  takes  its  specific  name  papilio, 
a  Latin  word  having  the  same  significance.  In  color  the  flower  is 
of  a  dark  brown  striped  or  barred  with  yellow.  The  large  projection,  called  the 
lip,  is  yellow  at  the  center  with  a  brown  edge  or  margin.  The  flowers  come 
successively  from  the  old  flower-stems  tor  years,  one  coming  continuously  to 
supply  the  place  of  the  faded  one. 


§at6ii|. 


The  ^ou: 

'pHE   vallev  rings   with   minh  ;ind 
Among  the  hills  the  echoes  pla 
\  ne\'er,  never  ending  song, 

To  welcome  in  the  May. 
The  magpie  chatters  with  delight: 

The  mountain  raven's  voungling 


■s,  or  can  destroy, 
.  and  the  heartfelt  joy. 
-Pnf,:  ' 

Have  left  the  mother  and  the  nest; 
And  they  go  rambling  east  and  west 

In  search  of  their  own  food; 
Or  through  the  glittering  vapors  Hart. 
In   verv  wantonness  of  heart. 


'HE   weak   have  remedies,   the  wise  have  joys; 
.Superior  wisdom   i>  superior  bliss.  -I'oi 


A    LITTLE  of  thy  merriment. 
"  ^   Of  thy  sparkling  light  content, 
Give  me,  my  cheerful  brook, — 
That   I   mav   still  be  full  of  glee 


And  gladsomeness  where'er 
Though  fickle  fate  hath  pris( 
In  some  neglected  nook. 


J^^ 


ifacalia   COCriuca.      NAxntAi.  Ordek:   CompositiC  — Aster  Family. 


!">CARLET  Cacalia  is  a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  where  nature 

revels  in  the  most  brilliant  hues  conceivable  to  the  human  mind, 

and   where    flowers    assume    shapes    more    innumerable    than    in 

this  our  cool  and  more  temperate  climate.      Yet  we  must  admit 

:>the    most   of   them    behave    admirably    in    their   adopted    homes, 

%  sometimes  diminishing  their  stature,  but  ahvays  remaining  objects 

worthy  of  attention.      The  Cacalia  blossom  is  shaped  like  a  beautiful 

little  brush  or  tassel,  and  is  sometimes  called  Venus's  Paint  Brush,  or 

L^;::^^  Tassel  Flower.      There  are  two  \-arieties   grown    in  our  gardens,  one 

~    ^  an  orange  scarlet,  the  other  a  golden  yellow.      They  appear  to  better 

fc>advantage    in    masses   when    not  too  thickly  sown,   and    if  the  withered 

Iflowers  are  remo\ed,  will  bloom  profuseh-  until  frost. 


jibuht 


inn. 


TF  we  from  wealth   to  p 
^   Want  gives  to  know   t 

'T'HOU  delightest  the  cold  world's  gaze, 
^    When  crowned  with  the  flower  and  the  gem. 
But  thv  lover's  sniile  should  he  dearer  praise 
Than   the  incense  thou  prizest  from   them. 


K"  flafrer  from   the  friend. 

And  gay  is  the  playful  tone. 

.\s  to  the  flattering  voice  thou  responde 
But  what  is  the  praise  of  the  cold  and  unk 

To  the  tender  blame  of  the  fondest.' 

-John  I 


VTO  adulation;  'tis  the  death  of  virtue! 

•'■       Who  flatters  is  of  all  mankind  the  lowest. 

Save  he  who  courts  the  flatterer.  —ffaimali  More. 


T    AM   not  tbrm'd,  by  flattery  and  prai 
By  sighs  and  tears,  and  all  the  whin 
Of  love,  to  feed  a  fair  one's  vanity : 
To  charm  at  once  and  spoil  her. 


A 


.SPIRIT,  pure  and  fine  and  true 
As  ever  dwelt  in  human  form : 
A  love  as  deep,  as  fond,  as  warn 

ever  loving  woman  knew. 

-Koi^  7.  / 


63 


r 


Cstrttts-UigW  glo^wiws. 


^IcrCUS   ilianilitlorus       Natural  Order:    Cactacav  —  Cactus  Family. 


ERE  is  one  of  a  class  of  plants  which  we  should  more  fre- 
^    queiitlv    find    in    our    dwellings    than    we    do,    as    there    are 
J    none  that  demand  so  little  attention,  requiring  onl}-  a  rough 
soil,  containing   a  free   admixture   of  coarse  sand   and   small 
:j^^  fragments  of  rocks  or  potsherds,  and  a  little  water  once  or 
twice  a  week.      They  endure  any  amount  of  heat,  but  will 
not  withstand  a  positive  frost.      The  Cereus   grandiflorus   is  a  native 
of  Mexico  and  the  West  Indies,  where  it  grows  to  a  large  size,  as  do 
the  other  varieties.      The  blossom  is   magnificent,  appearing  at  night, 
and   \\asting    before   dav   approaches.      The    flower    is    sometimes   cut 
when   in   its    prime,  and    preserved    in  a  large  glass    jar  with  alcohol, 
as  a  curiositv- 


Iransicni  Jtnul^. 


'LOWER  of  the  night!  im>tenoii. 
NVlieii  earth's  green  tribes  repose 


Comest  thou  to  meet  the  stars  —  vint'olding  soft, 
Beneath  their  tranquil  rav,  thy  peerless  form.' 
Flower  of  the  night!  chaster  than  Alpine  snows 


I'nvisited  by  aught  save  Heaven's  sweet  breath  — 

Why  hide  thy   loveliness  from  mortal  eye, 

Why   pour  thy   fragrance  to  tlie  unconscious  night.' 

"piS  not  the  fairness  of  the  brow.                               That  has  a  power  to  chain   my  gaze,      ' 
Nor  brightness  of  the  eye;                                              Or  hold  it  in  control; 

Nor  yet  the  cheek  whose  r.adiant   glow                       The  beauty  that   I   most  admire 

Can   with  carnation   \  ie,                                                     .Shines  spotless  from  the  soul. 

Mr.<.  R.  T.  EUircdgc. 

TT^HO  hung  such  beauty  on  such  rugged  stalk, 
**    Thou  glorious  flower,' 

Wlio  pour'd  the  richest  hues 

k 

In   varying  radiance  o'er  thy  ample  brow?         ~^rrs.  Siironrnev. 

\ 

64 

d 

r 


CiictmB--Sixiil.^. 


(Jlcmis  flagtlltfannis. 


Natural  Order:    Cactaccic  —  Cactus  Family. 


HIP  oi    ^nake  Cactus,  as  it  is    familiarly  called,  is   from   the 
\\     II  id  plains  of  South  America.      The  stem  is  about  hall'  an 
T'     inch    in    diameter,    having    ten    angles,   and    attaining    the 
J I    length  of  five  or   six   feet.      It  is   much  too  frail    to  stand 
,  alone,   and   should   be   supported   on   a   trellis   or   tied   to   an 
*^j^l    ,  upiight   stick.      The   flowers   are   extremely  handsome,   coming 

^jK^^  out  fiom  the  clusteis  of  spines  that  adorn  the  stem.  The  tube  is  long 
^^f^  and  skridei,  and  the  petals  a  brilliant  pink,  remaining  in  perfection  a 
^aC&  number  of  dajs,  when  the}-  are  succeeded  continuously  by  others  for 
"^^i^^'  se\'eral  weeks. 

d 

T    FEEL  my  sinews  slacken'd  with  the  fright, 

^    And  .1  cold  sweat  thrills  down  all  o'er  mv   limbs, 

As  if  I   were  dissolving;  into  water  —Dryd.ii. 


'l'lj''HEN  the  sun  sets,  shadows  that  show'd  at  noon 
But  small  appear  most  long  and  terrible; 


So  when  we  think  fate  hovers  o'er  our  heads, 
Our  apprehensions  shoot  bevond  all  bounds.    _ 


Lcc 


T  TIS  hand  did  quake 

And  tremble  like  a  leaf  of  aspen  green, 
And  troubled  blood  through  his  pale  face  was  seen 
As  it  a  running  messenger  had  been,    —s/eiiser. 


w 


r: 


J^fe^ 


EXT  him  was  fear,  all  arm'd  from  top  to  toe. 
Yet  thought  himself  not  safe  enough  thereby, 
But  fear'd  each  shadow  moving  to  or  fro. 
And  his  own  arms  when  glittering  he  did  spy, 
Or  clashing  heard,  he  fast  away  did  fly; 
As  ashes  pale  of  hue,  and  winged  heel'd. 
And  evermore  on  danger  fix'd  his  eye, 
'Gainst  whom  he  always  bent  a  brazen  shield. 
Which  his  right  hand  un.armed  fe.irfullv  did  wield. 

-Sfenser. 

AGIN,\TION  frames  events  unknown  T    AM  fearful ;  wherefore  frowns 

n  wild  fantastic  shapes  of  hideous  ruin,  'Tis  an  aspect  of  terror.     All 

1  what  it  fears  creates !  —Hannah  More. 

V  6s 


s  not  well. 
'Shaktsfeare 


'5^ 


y 


m. 


^unUt-0lnxm. 


II 


(Halcrolaria    l)tlbrilia.       Nati'hai.  (Jkukr:   Scrophulariacea:  —  Fig-uort  Family. 


A'^1^''^ 


\LC'IiOLARIAS    came    originally    from    South    America    and 

\    New    Zealand.      There  are   two   species  of  this   plant,  differing 

^    entirely    from    each    other,    in    regard    to    the    foliage.       One   is 

heibateous,  with   large,   oval,  downy  leaves,  and    grows   about 

I   loot    and   a  half  high;    the  other  is  a  shrub  with  small,  oval 

k\ULs   resembling   those   of  the   sage,   except   that   they  are  a 

puiei    gieen       The    flowers   are   alike   in  shape,  the   herbaceous   having 

rathei   the  laigest.      They  are  like  a  pouch  or  bag  of  velvet,  sometimes 

of  a  plain  color,  and  again  covered  with  dots;   indeed  they  often  remind 

one  of  the   plump  body  of  a   beautiful   spider,  only  they  have  not   spina- 

rets  and  legs.     The  blossoms,  which  are  superb  in  color,  are  often  large 

enough  to  hold  a  teaspoonful  of  water. 


'^ouc}h|. 


^^F  all  the  passions  that  possess  mankind, 
^    The  love  of  novelty  rules  most  the  mind; 
In   search  of  this,  from  realm  to  realm  we  roam; 
Our  fleets  come   frausiht  with  ev'rv   follv   home. 


^TILI-  sighs  the  world 
For  somethinsif  ne 


Imploring  me,  imploring  you 

Some  will-o'-wisp  to  lielp  pursue. 
Ah,  hapless  world!     What  will  it  do. 

Imploring  me,  imploring  you, 

For  something  new.'     —Ralph  Hovi. 


pH.\NGE  is  written  on  the  tide. 
'^      On  the  forest's  leafy  pride; 
On   the  sti-eamlet,  glancing  hright. 
On  the  jewel'd  crown  of  night; 
.\11   where'er  the  eye  can  rest 
.Show  it  legibly  imprest. 

—Clinch. 


T    HAVE   lived  in  cities  all   my  birtli, 

^    Where  all  was  noise,  and  life,  and  varying  scene 

Recurrent  news  which  set  all  men  agape, 

New  faces,  and  new  friends,  and  shows  and  revels, 

Mingling  in  constant  action  and  quick  change. 


-Bok<- 


66 


Sf 


Rtcljai'lJta   nctl)ia)jica.      Natural  Order:  Aracar —A>-/tm  Family. 

^^^-i^rt  1     1<:  \l  TIFUL  in  name  (from  the  Greek  kallos)  and   justly  merit- 

Jh  ,nt;  the  distinction,  is  this  lily-like  plant.      Its  scientific  name  does 

^vK     '    -J'""^  honor  to  the  French  botanist,  L.  C.  Richard,  and  its  sup- 

'""     )1"'       posed  original  seat,  .-Ethiopia,  though  its  true  habitat  is  farther 

ii-:^^] :  r     south,  in  the  region  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  this  charming, 

^^jAj^^OTl  familiar  plant  is  only  adapted  to  house  culture  in  cold  climates. 

fy      f}=   It  has  large,  arrow-shaped  leaves  on  long  leafstalks.     1'he  flower 

is  of  a  beautiful  creamy  white,  and   similar  to  a  cornucopia  in  shape,  or 

to  our  own  wild-wood  plant,  Jack-in-the-pulpit,  and  blooms  during  winter 

and  spring.     The  plants  of  this  order  are  pervaded  by  a  volatile  substance 

which  in  some   becomes  poisonous.      The  corms   and  root-stalks   abound 

in    starch,   which    in   a  few   cases    are   rendered   edible   when   the   volatile 

substance  is  expelled  by  cooking. 

T    AM  come,   I  am  come!   Irom  the  purple-browed   sky, 

^      The  spirit  of  beauty   to  thee: 

I  ride  on  the  wings  of  the  rose-scented  air, 

I   sit  on  the  lips  of  the   violet  fair. 

And  weavje  me  a  wreath  of  the  sunV  golden  hair. 

As  his  tresses  go  glancingly  by. 

And  glimmer  the  foam  of  the  sea.  — Carina  D.Stuart. 


N.VTIVE  grace 

Sat  fair  proportion'd  on  her  polish'd 
I'd  in  a  simple  robe,  their  best  attire, 
'ond  the  pomp  of  dress;  for  loveliness 


Xeeds  not   the  Ibreign  aid  of  ornament. 
But  is,  when   unadorn'd,  adorn'd  the  most; 
Thoughtless  of  beauty,  she  was   Beauty's  self 
Recluse  amid  the  close  embowering  woods. 
—  Tlinmf'sati. 


T    NE\'ER   sa«-  aught  like  to  what  thoi 

.\  spirit  so  peculiar  in  its  mold, 
\\'ith  so  much  wildness  and  with   \-et  a 
Of  all  the  softer  beauties  we  behold. 
-Franc- 

67 


art. 


CEl3|jc:iimtltm0< 


(£ah)Cautl)US   tlorillUS.       Natural  Order:    Calycantliacca: — Calycanth  Family. 


*^UR    Southern    States,    more   especiallj-  the    Carolinas,    are    the 
n  itive    seats   of   tliis    fragrant    shrub,  whence   it   is   sometimes 
I  died  Carolina  Allspice.      It  is  generally  found  in  fertile  soils 
ilong  water  courses,  is  of  a  straggling  growth,  and  does  not 
iltain  a  very  great    height  —  usually  from   three   to   four   feet- 
J  onl}-.      It  is  also  frequently  cultivated   in    gardens  and  shrub- 
\^  beries,  where  it  has  received  the  praise  of  many  for  the  odor  of  its 
r^i^i^p)    blossoms,  which  have  a  strawberry  or  fruit-like  fragrance.     The  bark 
when   bioken   also   exhales  a  spicy  perfume.      The   flowers  are  of  a 
dull,  luiid  purple,  and  bloom  on  very  short  stems. 


tl 


Jriiruolfiit^. 

f\    BLESSED  bounty,  giving  all  content! 
^    The  only  t'autress  of  all   noble  arts, 
That  lend'st  success  to  every  good  intent, 
A  grace  that  rests  in  the  most  godlike  hearts, 
By  heav'rt  to  none  but  happy  souls  infused, 
Pitv  it  is  that  e'er  thou  wast  abused. 


-Drayton. 


H' 


row  few,  like  thee,  inquire  the  wretched  out. 
And  court  the  offices  of  soft  humanity ! 
Like  thee,  reserve  their  raiment  for  the  naked. 
Reach  out  their  bread  to  feed  the  crying  orphan. 
Or  mix  the  pitying  tears  with  those  that  weep! 


TT  ALF  his  earn'd  pittance  to  poor  neighbors  went: 
They  had  his  alms,  and  he  had  his  content. 


■pROM  thy  new 
Now  lend  ass 


—  Walter  Harte. 
hope,  and  from  thy  growing  store, 
istance,  and  relieve  the  poor. 


G", 


He  that's  liberal 
To  all  alike  may  do  good  by  chance. 
But  never  out  of  judgment. 


DLIKE  his  unwearied  bounty  flows; 

First  lo\-es  to  do,  then  lo\-es  the  good  he  does 

For  his  1 


There  was  no  winter  in't;   an  autumn   'tv 
That  grew  the  more  by  reaping. 


■  Fl.trl, 


fe=^ 


-Shakespeare.  h 

^ 


«5 


Camrtlia, 


as 


1 


(ErtlUcllia   Japouica.      Natural  Order:    CamcHiacccv  —  Tea  Family. 


f     \PAN  is  the  original  habitat  of  this   shrub,  whence  its  name  in 
jk^part — Japonica,  Japanese;    while   the   first   part  is   derived   from 
the   German   botanist,  Kamel,  Latinized   into  Camellus.     It   is   a 
native  of  China,  as  well  as  of  Japan,  where  it   grows  to  a  large 
tree.      It  is   graceful    and  handsome   as   one  could   desire   for  any 
place  or  occasion.      Its  blossoms  are  among  the  loveliest  that  nature 
jjields,  but  lack  the  fragrance  of  those  of  its   rival,  the  rose,  which 
5  the}^  much   resemble;   they  are,   however,   more   statel}-,   the   petals 
being  much  thicker,  more  waxy  and  S5'mmetrical.      There  are,  it  is 
said,    now    nearly    a    thousand  varieties,    chiefly    derived    from    seed. 
In  order  to  perpetuate   the   same  variety  in  color,  they  are  propa- 
gated from  slips. 


^%x\ti\  JoucliiiESS. 


lyjE'ER  sha)l  thy  dangerous  gifts  these  brows  adorn, 

To  me  more  dear  than  all  their  rich  perlunie, 
The  chaste  Camellia's  pure  and  spotless  bloom, 
That  boasts  no  fragrance  and  conceals  no  thorn. 


QHE.  the  gavest,  sweetest  blossom, 
^   Smiling  'neath  the  summer  skies, 
Glorious  lips  and  swelling  bosom. 
Golden  hair  and  sparkling  eyes. 


Softly  breathing  amorous  sighs. 
While  the  doves  around  are  cooing. 
And  the  simple  lovers  wooing. 
Holds  the  moonbeams  in  surprise. 


'  ACH  ornament  about  lier  seemly  Hi 
'   Bv  curious  chance,  or  careless  art. 


'T^HE  fairness  of  her  face  no  tongue 

For  she  the  daughters  of  all  wotr 

And  angels  eke,  in  beautie  doth  exxel 

Sparkled  on  her  from  God's  own  gloi 


can  tell,  .\nd  more  incrcast  by  her  own  goodlv  grace, 

;n's  race.  That  it  doth  far  exceed  all  human  thought, 

N'e  can  on  earth  compared  be  to  aught, 
inns    f:,c<-  -Sfmser. 


69 


^Va3-IU' 


^^^S- 


|pl)alai"t3    (llanavtmsi!:'.       X\Trii.\i.   Okokk:    (rramlnciv  —  Grass  FaniiJy. 


LRIVING   Its    name  from   the  Greek   word   pinilaris.,  meaning 

white  oi    biilliant.  as   the   seeds   are  shining  and  smooth,  the 

Canan    Giass    is    a    native    of    the    Canary    Islands,    and    its 

seeds   loim    the  chief  food  of  the   delightful    little  Canary  bird, 

well   as   some  other   small  wild    birds.      It  is  sometimes   found 

spaiingH  natui  allied  in  the  tields  in  America.      There  is  a  native  plant 

belonging   to  the   same   genus   found   in   low,  wet    grounds   and   ditches, 

known  technically  as  the  Phalaris  arundinacea,  or  Reed   Canarv  Grass, 

and  familiarly  as  Ribbon  Grass. 


Ers^uirantt. 


A  TTEMPT 
^    Nothing 


rXEMPT  the  end,  and   never  stand   to  doubt; 
hard,  but  searcli   will   tint!  it  on 


T7EW  things  are  possible  to  listless  indolence 

But  unto  him   whose  soul  is  in  his  task, 
(Who  scorns  'mid  ease  or  sloth  to  bask 
'Pill   if  •>  accomplished),   there  is   no  chance. 
No  prison   ^\'hich   long  in  din^ance 
Can  keep  success;  the  unconquerable   will 
Bends  all  before  it ;  pierces  through  each  maze 


li 


I  EVOLT 


good   resolve, 
venly  hope  attending  it. 
And  fair  and  pleasant  thoughts   involve 


TJOW   noble  is  a 
^    There's  heaven 


Impenetrable  to  superficial  gaze. 
Encounters  every  obstacle  and   still 
Bears  ofi"  from  each  the  palm;  then,   human   soul. 
If  for  some  noble  object  thou  dost  strive 
And  wouldst  triumphant  reach  the  final  goal, 
.Swerve  not  aside  ere  yet  thou  dost  arrive;       [trol. 
ize         He  patient,  faithful,  firm,  and  even  fate  shall  not  con. 
—James  Walker. 

reant   when   pm-suit  is  brave, 

chase   what  we  ci-ave. 

^^rarl„^,,. 

A   latent  bliss  befriending  it:  — 
If  strong  the  strife  and  great  the  pain. 
Greater  's  the   triumph  —  fry   again. 

—Jo/n,  Szi'aiii. 


doth 


PERSEVERANCE  is  a  Roman   virtue. 

That  wins  each  godlike  act,  and  plucks 

E'en  from   the  spear-proof  crest  of  rugged 

70 


Camdvihrft. 


Jbrris    Uiubcllcta.       Xatirai.   Ohdkr:    Crncifcw— Mustard  Family. 


W%6iM3l\  <^'?#BERLS,  or  Caiidytutt.  is  so  well  adapted  tor  bouquets  that 
J^. .  2  J^^-ifer  ^"  ample  bed  of  it  should  be  tbund  in  e\-er\'  garden,  tor  it 
^^•'  '2  -^^^"'^^  ht^iw  any  amount  of  clipping  and  still  yield  an  abun- 
Jl^      Ini^:^      dance  of  flowers  until  destroyed  by  frost.      The  plants  bear 


^\. 


remo\-al   so   poorly  that    it    is  best  to   sow  them   where    they 


■/  *  '  '  <--^  are  to  bloom,  and  to  pull  up  all  the  superfluous  ones.  It  is 
a  nati\e  of  Spain,  and  takes  its  name  from  the  ancient  appellative  of 
that  country,  which  was  Iberia.  It  is  most  e.xcellent  for  winter  use, 
grown  in  pots  or  in  vases:  and  is  also  planted  as  a  border  in  flower 
gardens.  The  flowers  are  white,  purple  or  crimson,  and  some  of 
them   are  \-ery  fragrant. 


T  N   the   well-l'nimed   models. 

With  emblematic  skill  and  mystic  order, 
Thou  show'dst  where  tow'rs  on  battlements  sliould 
^Vhere  gates  should  open,  or  where  walls  should  co 


/^L'R   thtliers  next,  in  architecture  skill'd, 
^    Cities  for  use,  and  forts  for  safety,  build; 
Then  palaces  and  lofty  domes  arose; 
These  for  deyotion,  and  for  pleasure  those. 


ITfESTW.-VRD  a  pompous  frontispiece  appear'c 
'  *      On   Doric  pillars  of  white  marble  rear'd, 
Crown'd  \yith  an  architraye  of  antique  mold, 
.\nd  sculpture  rising  on  the  roughen'd  gold. 

—Po/f. 


H' 


.S  son   builds  on.  and 
Till   the   last   farthing 


sper 


—Dry,. 


w-ii 


:E  stair  on  stair,  with  heayy  balustrade 
And  columned  hybrids  cut  in  rigid  stone 
.\nd  yase,  and  sphinx,  and  obelisk,  arrayed. 

And  arched  wide  bridges  oyer  wheelways  thro 
Valleys  of  heayen  the  gardens  seemed  to  he. 
Or  isles  of  cloudland  in  a  sunset  sea.      


WfJ^T^ 


TET  my  due  feet  neyer  fail 
*-^  To  walk  the  studious  cloister's 
And  love  the  high  embowed  roof. 
With  antique  pillars  massy  proof; 
.\nd  storied  windows  richly  dight, 
Casting  a  dim,  religious  light. 


pale. 


I 


-■^^S 


■ms^ 


®Eiiter|Jitii;||  Svelte. 

(llaiupamila   mCLltum.      Natural  Order:    CampaiiitlaccLT — Bcllzvort  Family. 


"^--^r-;^^  'NPRETENDING  but  handsome  is  this  species  of  the  Campa- 

^  ■  nula,  introduced  into  this  country  from  Germany.      The  stem  is 

liom  two  and  a  lialf  to  three  feet  high,  and    produces  flowers 

that    are   large    and    attractive,  continuing    in    bloom    from   early 

summer  until  fall.      The  blossoms  are    bell-shaped,  as  in   the 

^^f-  Other  varieties,  the  distinctive  differences  consisting  in  diversity 
^^  of  foliage,  and  dissimilarity  of  style.      Some  are  tall  and  stately,  while 
others  aie  mere  cushions  of  verdure  and   flowers.      The  color  of  theii- 
f^j^   blossoms  is  usually  blue,  though  sometimes  lavender  or  white. 


T7OUNTAIN  of  mercv!  whose  pervading  eve 

Can  look   witliin  and  read  what  passes  there. 
Accept  mv  thouglits  for  thanks,  I   have  no  words 
My  soul,  o'erfraught  with  gratitude,  rejects 
The  aid  of  language.  -//„„«„//  More 


'pHE  1 
A     Untl 


benefits  he  sow'd  in  me  met  not 
ithankful  ground,  but  yielded   him 
With  fair  increase;  and  I  still  glorv  in  it. 


■^0  a  generous  mind 

The  heaviest  debt  is  t 

lat  of  gratitude. 

hen   'tis  not   in  nur  powc 

r  to  repav  it. 

IITHEN  gratitude  o'erflow?^  the  swelling  heart. 

And  breathes  in   free  and  uncorrupted  praise 
For  benefits  received;  propitious  heaven 
Takes  such  acknowledgments  as  fragnmt  incense. 
And  doubles  all   its  blessings.  —Lilh. 


T   FIND  a  pious  gratitude  disperse 

Within  my  soul ;  and  at  every  thought 
Engenders  a  warm  sigh  within  me,  which. 


Like  curls 
Each  other 
With  their 


holy  incense,  overtake 
1  my  bosom,  and  enlarge 
nbrace  his  sweet  remcmbrai 


1  patient, 


GROW 

Great  offices  with  greater 

72 


®ErilaBiimt* 


(HarilaminC    l)irSUta.       Xatirai.  Order:    Cnicijcrcv — Mustard  Family. 


ROWING  wild,  this  plant  is  tbund  in  various  parts  of  the 
'  United  States,  in  some  instances  adding  the  name  ot  the  State 
in  which  the  variet}-  is  produced  to  its  own.  It  is  also  called 
Cuckoo  Flower,  and  Bitter  Cress.  It  flourishes  in  wet  places, 
'  near  streams  or  springs.  The  flowers  are  white  and  small. 
■  The  blossoms  of  some  of  the  other  species  are  larger  than 
the  abo\-e,  and  are  frequently  rose  or  purple  in  color.  Its  name  is 
tleri\ed  trom  kardia,  heart,  and  damao,  to  overcome,  alluding  to  some 
supposed  medicinal  properties. 


|nfalitatitin. 

r\ii'-    blest  is  the  late  of  the  one  who  hath  tbund 

^    .Some  loadstar  to  guide  through  the  wilderness  round; 

And  such  I  have  found,  my  beloved  one,  in  thee, 

For  thou  art  the  star  of   the  desert  to  me.         —Samu.-l  Lov, 


"yi.S  his  one  hope  — all  else  that  round  his  li 

^     So  fairly  circles,  scarce  he  values  now; 
The  pride  of  name,  a  lot  with  blessings  rife. 
Determined  friends,  great  gifts  that  him  endow 
Are  shrunk  to  nothing  in  a  woman's  smile; 
Counsel,  reproof,  entreaty,  all  are  lost 
Like  windy  waters,  which  their  strength  exhau 

T^O  but  look  on  her  eyes!    they  do  light 
-'--'    All  that  Love's  world  compriseth! 
Do  but  look  on  her  hair!    it  is  bright 

As  Love's  star  when  it  riseth! 
Do  but  mark  —  her  forehead  's  smoother 

Than  words  that  sooth  her! 
And  from   her  arched  brows  such  a  grace 

Sheds  itself  through  the  face. 
As  alone  there  triumphs  to  the  life. 
All  the  gain,  all  the  good  of  the  elements'  strife. 


fe  And  leave  no  impress;  worldly  lips  revile 
With  sneer  and  stinging  jibe,  but  idly  by, 
Unfelt,  unhe.ird,  the  impatient  .arrows  fly; 

—     Careless  he  joins  a  parasitic  train. 

Fops,  fools  and  flatterers,  whom  her  arts  enchain, 
Nor  counts  aught  base  that  m.iy  to  her  pertain ; 

St       Immersed  in  love  —  or  what  he  deems  is  such. 
—F.  G.   Tuckerinan. 

OH!    tlien  speak,  thou  fairest  fair! 
Kill  not  him  that  vows  to  serve  thee; 
But  perfume  this  neighboring  air 

Else  dull  silence  sure  will  starve  me; 
'Tis  a  word  that's  quickly  spoken, 
Which,  being  restrained,  a  heart  is  broken. 
— Beaumont  and  FJetrlifr. 

ALL  nature  fades  extinct;  and  she  alone 
Heard,  felt  and  seen,  possesses  every  thought, 
Fills  every  sense,  and  pants  in  every  vein. 
„.  —Thompson. 

73 


w 


a 


iiolU'lia    (JlarMlialis.       Xatlkm.   Order:   Loic/iacne — Lobelia  Familv. 


ATIHEU    LOBEL,  a    French   botanist    resident   in   England 
\  and    physician    to  James  the    First,  was    honored    by   having 
\  '^^'  this  class   ol"  flowers   named   tor   him,  while   this  variety 
obtained  its  distinctive  title  from  its   rich  scarlet  or  cardinal 
toloi.       It    is    a    tall    plant    of    exceeding    beauty,    found    in 
'<'   meadows,  especially  near  streams  of  running  water,  where 
Its  bright   late  is   mirrored   on   the  gleaming  surface.      It  was   intro- 
duced   into   England   from  America,  of  which   it  is   a   native,  during 
i.olonial  times,  and   has  ever  since  enjoyed  the  admiration  of  florists 
and    amateur    cultivators.      The   flowers   are   of  a   deep    scarlet,   and 
each  blossom   about  two   inches   in  length,  arranged   on  a  flne,  nod- 
ding stem.      These  appear  during  the  whole  summer. 


yrrformrnl 


^HEN  knaves  con.  U 

Gallows  are  raised  i 

Upon  iinother's  shoulder-. 

''yiS  sweet,  beloved,  to  have  thee  nigh. 

In  pleasant  converse  thus  with  me, 
For  while  these  social  moments  flv, 

I   feel  my  heart  still  clings  to  thee. 
Ves,  clings  to  thee  with  stronger  ties 

Than  e'er  I  felt  or  knew  before. 
As  day  by  day  some  charm  supplies 

That  makes  me  bless   thee  more  and  more. 
—  Thomas  G.  Spfnr. 


T  F  to  feel  the  deep  de\  otion 

Of  a  pilgrim  at  a  shrine, 
If  to  weep  with  fond  emotion 

Be  to  love  thee,  I  am  thine. 
If  to  treasure  every  token, 

Every  look  and  every  sign, 
Every   light  word  thou  bast  spoke 

Be  to  love  thee,   I  am   thine. 


TJE   who  cannot  merit 

Preferment  bv  employments,  let  him  bare 
His  throat  unto  the  Turkish  cruelty, 
Or  die  or  \\\e  a  slave,  without  redemption. 

74 


©aruEtitim. 


U)iautl)US   rai"UOpl)ljlluS.       Natural  Order:    Caryophy//ari\c — Piiil-   Fanii/y. 


\|()\Cr    the   most  deliyhtlul  of  all   our  flowers    are  the  Carna- 

tioiib,    111    all    their    diverse    colors,   being   called    the    flower    of 

[(jve  01  Jupiter,  the  chief  god  among  the  Romans,  whence  its 

n.mie  —  D/os,  of  Zeus,  or  Jupiter,  and  a  lit  has,  a  flower;   the 

■c  distiiKtive    epithet    is    also    trom    two    other    Greek    words, 

-  kcniioii,  a  nut,  and  p/i\'lloii,  a  leaf     They  are  variously  called 

&-Va,  bizai  res,   flakeb,    or    picotees,   according   to    their    colors    and    markings, 

-'*  being  spotted,  striped  or  plain.      The  varieties   number,  it  is  said,  over 

ifour  hundred,  and  many  of  them  yield  the  exquisite  odor  of  the  clove, 

>or  other  sweet  pertume. 


ionbm|tl, 

AND  where  his  frown  of  hatred  darkly  fell, 
Hope   withering  Hed  — and  me 


TJARSII   -corn   hath  hail'd  thy  bli<;hte<l   name,  OHALL  it  not  Ix-  sci 

n    Thou   frail   Init  lovely   thins;  '^   To  harp  on   such  a 


And   the  pre 
Is  slowlv 


flower  of  faine 


To 


■cy  sig 

I'd 

farewell! 

—Bvron. 

LL  it 

lot 

be  scorn  to  me 

harp  f 

n   s 

uch  a  molder'd   st 

ham-d 

thr 

-.ush  all   my   natur 

have  k 

v'd 

so  slight  a  thing. 

T 


HINK  not  there  is  no  smile 

I  can  bestow  upon  thee.     There  is  a  smile, 
imile  of  nature  too,  which  I  can  spare. 
And  yet  perhaps  thou  wilt  not  thank   me  for 


'T^AKE  back,  take  back  thy  promi: 
'  Take  back,  take  back  thy  loN-e, 
They  say  'tis  all  ideal  bliss 

Fleeting  as  sunbeams  move: 
And  that  'twill  quickly  pass  away, 

And  not  a  chord  remain 


To  vibrate  at  affection's  touch. 
With  such  sweet  joy  again 

Then  give  me  back  the  light, 
I  held  in  youth's  bright  m 

It  can't  endure  indifterence, 
'Twould  break  beneath  th\ 


i 


Hen'ce:    l, 
I   know  th 


dark   ■ 
75 


f 


''^?i 
% 


f./a 


CEtctoflii. 


Silcne  \I^nUCVia.      Natural  Order:    Caryophyllacece — Pink  Family. 


ARIETIES  of  this  plant  to  the  number  of  about  one  hundred, 
'i^  of  which  perhaps  a  dozen  are  indigenous  to  the  United  States, 
have  been  noted  b}-  botanists.      It  is  culti^•ated  as  a  garden 
annual,  many  varieties  having  been  introduced  from  Europe  — 
the  rose-colored  from  Sicily,  and  the  red  from  Portugal,  while 
Russia  has  furnished  a  perennial  species.      They  all  bloom   plenti- 
fully,  and   are    appropriate   for    planting    in    the    borders,   or    for  rock- 
work.     The  stem  is   about  a  foot   and  a  half  high,  and  the  flowers 
mostly  a  purplish  pink,  white,  and  red.     Beneath  each  joint  there  is  a 
glutinous  substance  that  retains   any  light   insect   that   touches  it.      It 
derives  its  name  from.  Silenus,  the  reputed   foster-father  and  drunken 
companion  of  Bacchus,  who,  when  caught  asleep  and  encircled  with 
a  cordon  of  flowers  by  mortals,  could   be  compelled  to  prophesy;  so 
the  ancient  Greeks  imagined. 


J  nm  h\}\\  Prtsaiirr. 

TTIGH   w.alls  and  strong  the  bodv   mav  confine, 
And  iron  gates  obstruct  the  prisoner's  gaze, 
And  massive  bolts  may  baffle  his  design, 

And  vigilant  keepers  watch  his  devious  v.-ays; 
Yet  scorns  the  immortal  mind  this  base  control ! 

No  chains  can  bind  it  and  no  cells  enclose; 
Swifter  than  light  it  flies  from  pole  to  pole, 

And  in  a   flash  from  earth  to  heaven   it  goes. 


r\   LIBERTY!  the  prisoner's  pleasing  dream, 
^   The  poet's  muse,  his  passion  and  his  theme; 
Genius  is  thine,  and  thou  art  Fancy's  nurse; 
Lost  without  thee  the  ennobling  powers  of  verse; 
Heroic  song  from  thy  free  touch  acquires 
Its  clearest  tone,  the  rapture  it  inspires.    —Covjfer. 


H' 


i  gives  the  signal  of  command, 

He  waves  — he  drops  — the  lifted  hand! 

It  was  a  sound  of  clashing  steel  — 

Why  starts  he  thus.'  what  doth  he  feel.= 

The  clanking  of  his  iron  cliain 

Hath  made  him  prisoner  again !    —Mrs.  Norton. 


f 


€eAiit-M^^cA. 


JunipcrUS   Dirgiuiana.      Natural  Ordek:    Conifcnc  —  Pinc  Family. 


\RLY  all  the  Pine  family  are  pleasing  to  the  e3'e  lor  the 
f  diversity  as  well  as  the  continuity  of  their  foliage.  There 
■"  .ire  somewhat  o\'er  a  hundred  species  in  the  order,  and  all 
of  them  of  infinite  importance  to  man,  growing  as  some  of 
.  them  do  in  immense  forests,  they  j'ield  an  unbounded  supply 
i.^.Oof  timber  tor  various  architectural  purposes,  being  light, 
I  asiU  wrought  and  durable.  This  includes  all  the  pines,  hemlocks, 
■^piuces  and  cedars.  The  large,  straight  trunks  of  the  White  Pine 
are  in  great  demand  for  the  masts  of  vessels,  while  other  varieties 
Meld  the  resinous  sap  from  which  resin,  tar,  pitch  and  turpentine 
■lie  manufactured.  The  Red  Cedar  is  a  middle-sized  tree,  Ibund  in 
the  United  States,  but  principall}-  in  rocky  situations  near  the  sea- 
coast.  Its  wood  is  of  a  reddish  cast,  compact,  fine  grained,  and 
almost  imperishable,  so  well  does  it  resist  all  the  processes  of  decay. 


I  |ib^  for  i|^. 


POR  thee  I  will  arouse  my  thoughts  to  trv 

^      All  heavenward  flights,  all  high  and  holy  strains; 

For  tin-  dear  sake  I  will  walk  patiently 

Through  these  long  hours,  nor  call  their  minutes  pai 


— Frani-t-^  Amic  Kcmble. 


N' 


'OW,  tlie  plaintive  tones  inspiring 
Still  more  sweet  and  yearning  swell, 
Till  my  spirit  bursts  its  bondage. 
That  had  chained  it  with  its  spell ; 


Lnd  I 

m 

lastening  w 

th  artection 

To 

m% 

hidden  dar 

ing  there. 

\'here 

the  cedar  bouL 

hs  are  wa^■ 

In 

the 

rustling  eve 

ning  air. 

-L.  Svir 

k 


TITE  will  walk  this  world, 

Yok'd  in  all  exercise  of  noble  aim. 
And  so  through  those  dark  gates  across  the  wild 
That  no  man  knows. 


// 


m 


C^lamAime, 


^!Il)cli^onium  inajus. 

-  3: 


Xatukai.   Okdek:  Papaveracecc  —  Poppy  Family. 


the  fields,  especially  in  moist  places,  as  well  as  from  beiiifr 

S'cultivated    in    gardens,    is    this    plant    of   the    poppv  family. 

i/,'  ^/\^f-      ^^  is  a  fleshy  herb,  with  leaves  formed  of  leaflets  arranged 

•'<^^'f<S}       in    pairs   on  a   central    stem,  and   one   odd   one   to  finish    the 


UITE  fami 


•ing  wild    bv  the   roadsides   and   in 


tip ;    the}- 


of 


bluis 


green    in    color,   and    are 


I  ;^     quite    smooth       The    flowers    are    yellow. 


and    are    not    lasting.       Its 

^^v,    name    is    deiived    from    the   word    chcUdo>i.    the    Greek    name    for    the 

swallow,  as  it  was  supposed  to  blossom  with  the  arri\al  of  that  bird. 

It    has    become    a   naturalized    plant    in    the    United    States,    its    nati\e 

place  being  Europe. 


'INHERE  is  a  gentle  element,  and  man 

May  breathe  it  with  a  calm,  unruffled  soul, 
And  drink  its  living  waters  till   his  heart 
Is  pure;    and  this  is  liuman  ha|ipiness.     —Willis. 


TF  solid  happiness  we  prize. 

Within  our  breast  the  jewel  lies, 
.\nd  they  are  fools  who  roam; 
The  world  has  nothing  to  bestow, 
Frotn  own  selves  our  jo^'s  must  flow, 
And  that  dear  hut  —  our  home.      —Coti 


H' 


TTAPPINESS  depends,  as  nature  shows. 

Less  on  exterior  things  than  most  suppose ; 
Vigilant  over  all  that   He  has  made. 
Kind   Providence  attends  with  gracious  aid, 
Bids  equity  throughout  His  works  prevail, 
.^.nd   weighs  the  nations  in  .m  even  scale. 

whose  life  e'en   now 


% 

^J^^ 


Shows  somewhat  of  that  happier  life  to  c( 
Who,  doomed  to  an  obscure  but  tranquil  state. 
Is  pleased   with  it,  and,  were  he  free  to  choose 
Would  make  his  fate  his  choice;    whom  peare. 
Of  virtue,  and  whom   \irtue,  fruit  of  faith, 
Prepare  for  happiness;   bespeak  him  one 
Content  indeed  to  sojourn  while  he  must 
Below  the  >kies,  hut  having  there  Ills  home. 

—Con/, 

7S 


11 


J 


r 


IL 


Cliamitimii^* 


1 


^ntl)Clins   nobilis.      Nati;hal  Ordek:    Compositct  —  Aster  Family. 


HERE  are  two  species  of  this  humble  plant  :  the  first 
inodorous,  naturalized  in  fields,  byways  and  lanes,  and  is 
called  Corn  Chamomile;  and  the  second  a  perennial  from 
Great  Britain  and  other  parts  of  Europe.  It  is  frequently 
cultivated  in  gardens,  and  is  well  known  for  its  strong,  agree- 
able odor.  The  flowers  are  much  used  in  medicine  for  their 
tonic  and  anod3'ne  properties.  It  was  called  Anthemis,  from  authoi, 
'    Greek  for  flower,  by  reason  of  its  profusion  of  flowers. 


woild  of  pail 


ome,  and  tlio'  outcast  I  be, 
Perhaps  there  is  One  will  have  pity  on  nie; 
Who  will  to  the  injured   His  mercy  extend, 

And  be  to  the  outcast  protector  and  friend.  _y.  //.  s. 


'HEN  gently  scan  thy  brother  man, 


I'hough  both  may  gang  a  kennie  wrang 
To  step  ;iside  is  liuman.  —Biir/i 


"yiS  mercy!  mercy  I 

The  mark  of  heuv'n   impress'd  on   human   kir 
Mercy  that  glads  the  world,  deals  joy   around; 
Mercy  that  smooths  the  dreadful  brow  of  power. 
And  makes  dominion  light;  mercy  that  saves. 
Binds  up  the  broken  heart,  and  heals  despair. 


r^OME  unto  me,  when  weary  of  life's  burdens. 

^'   When,  oh !  so  tired  of  all  its  hopes  and  fears  - 

When,  'midst  the  fury  of  the  storms  and  tempes 

Thou  slialt  be  waiting  as  the  heaven  nears. 


N' 


'AY,  the  divine  in  it  lingers  there  still, 
God's  care  in  all; 
Rose  leaves  but  drop  at  the  beck  of  His  will, 
PVtters   which   thrall. 

-.1/<7/r  /;.  P.Hin,: 


N  mercy  and  justice  both. 

Through  heaven  and  earth. 
Jut  mercv   first  and  last  shall 


shall  my  gl 
ihtesi  shine 


^ 


•    ®]h:jestmmt< 


1 


(Eastaiica  OCSCa.      Natural  Ordek:    CKpuUfow — Oak  Family. 


or  parts  of  them,  use  the  nut  of  this  tree 
an   article  of  diet,  a   substitute   for   flour 


RANGE  and  Ital}-, 
to  some   extent   as 

and  potatoes,  principally  among  the  poorer  classes,  who  pre- 
pare it  by  some  process  of  cooking;  the  nut  there,  however, 
bemg  nearly  double  the  size  of  the  ones  we  are  familiar 
with.  The  Italian  nut  venders  are  also  found  on  street 
ot  our  large  cities.  In  some  portions  of  the  United  States 
the  tiee  giows  plentifully,  though  seldom  forming  masses  in  the 
woods.  In  July  the  blossoms  hang  like  tassels  all  over  the  tree, 
'  completely  covering  it  as  if  with  a  yellowish  mantle.  The  nut  is  of 
a  beautiful  brown,  and  is  inclosed  in  a  formidable  burr,  beset  on  all 
sides  with  sharp,  then;}-  spines.  The  timber  is  useful  in  some  kinds 
of  building,  being  strong,  elastic  and  durable,  without  much  weight. 
The  Chestnut  was  a  favorite  tree  of  Salvator  Rosa,  and  flourished  in  the  moun- 
tains of  Calabria.  It  is  said  to  have  derived  its  name  from  Casthanaja,  a  city 
of  ancient  Greece. 


JjgtEpliuij  ^ppcnnuttcs. 


TJOW  little  do  they 
^  ^    Their  hasty  judgi 

see 

what 

is,  who  frame 

len 

s  upon  that  which  seems. 

■ITTITHIX  the  oyster's  shell  uncouth 
»»     Tlie  purest  pearl  may  bide;  — 

-yUE  deepest  ice  that  ever  froze 
'     Can  only  o'er  the  surface  close; 

Trust  me,  you'll  find  a  heart  of  truth 

The  living  stream  lies  quick  below, 

Within  that  rough  outside. 

—Mrs.  Osif,„HY. 

And  flows,  and  cannot  cease  to  flow 

"T*IS  not  the  fairest  form  that  holds 
'^     The  mildest,  purest  soul  within; 
'Tis  not  the  richest  plant  that  folds 
The  sweetest  breath  of  perfume  in. 


-Dnr 


T 


nature  sees  mankind 
.  not  what  thev  are. 


\PPEAR.\NCE.S  to  save,  his  only  care; 
■      So  things  seem  right,  no  matter  what  i 


m 


^r^p. 


®Mjcfewjejejtl< 


1 


t 


Stcllaria   lUcMa.      Natural  Order:    Caryophyllacea  —  Pink  Family. 


EARLY  everywhere  north  of  Mexico  the  Chickweed  may  be 
found  generall}'  in  moist,  shady  places.  It  is  a  small,  delicate, 
P^  grain-like  herb.  The  leaves  are  oval,  the  stem  round  and 
jointed,  and  rather  procumbent.  The  flowers  are  small, 
^  white  and  star-like,  whence  its  botanical  name.  At  night  the 
^1^'^  leaves,  in  pairs,  close  around  the  young  stems.  Birds  are 
very  fond  of  picking  at  the  seeds,  as  well  as  the  green  leaves,  espe- 
cially canaries,  giving  rise  to  its  popular  name,  Chickweed.  The 
leaves  possess  certain  cooling  and  nutritive  properties  that  render 
them  desirable  for  consumptives.  They  are  also  useful  to  alia}- 
external  inflammation,  by  being  moistened  and  applied  warm. 


^far  of  ra^  Jrisbnq. 


T   HAVE  sought  t 
*    I  have  lain  my 


the  intensest  Avavs  to  best  adore 
soul's  last  treasure  at  your  feet; 
Yet  I  tremble  as  in  thought  I  bend  before  you, 

With  abasement  and  abashment  and  defeat, 

Knowing  veil  that  all  the  love  I  ever  bore  you 

Is  requital  weak  of  worth  and  incomplete! 

-Edgar  Fa 


I'VE  se 
R,,f    „ 


seen  grand  ladies  plumed  and 
leeter  maiden  — 
But  not  a  sweeter,  fresher  maid 
Than  this  in  homely  cotton, 
Whose  pleasant  face  and  silky  braid 
I  have  not  yet  forgotten. 


ilked. 


'T'HERE  ever  is  a  form,  a  face. 

Of  maiden  beauty  in  my  dreams. 
Speeding  before  me  like  the  race 
To  ocean  of  the  mountain  streams  — 
With  dancing  hair,  and  laughing  eyes. 
That  seem  to  mock  me  as  it  flies. 


-Chrkt 


Georffitia  Rossetti. 


11  lY  spirit  bows  before  a  nameless  shrine, 
^'1    Seeking  to  offer  there 
The  heart's  devotion  to  some  nymph  divine 
As  pure  and  true  as  fair. 

-ir.  F.  Laiige 

Si 


r 


®'bijC0rf. 


1) 


(!licl)OriuiU   illtllbus.      Natural  Order:    CotnpositcE  —  Aster  Family. 


ERE    IS    an  oriental    herb    in    height    from    two  to   three  feet, 
iound   naturalized  in    tields    and    byways.      The    flowers  are 
l^i    lai  ge  and  conspicuous,  blooming  in  pairs  in  the  axils  of  the 
lea\es,  and  are  a  pale  blue  in  color.      The  root  is  used  in 
kb  Fi  ance,  and  indeed  in  America,  for  the  adulteration  of  cofiee, 
^^f-  for  which  purpose  it  is  roasted,  ground,  and   flavored  with 
o/o  burnt  sugar.      Its  name  is  of  Egyptian  origin,  being  in  Egypt  called 
^  chikoitrych.      It    is    known    in    England    as    Succory.      The    Endivia 


j^j^  variety,  so 
JvX    used  for  salads 


called,  is  a   native   of  the    East  Indies,  and  is    sometimes 


^OR  him  light  labor  spread  her  wholesome  store. 
Just  gave  what  lite  requir'd,  but  gave  no  more; 


His  best  companions, 
And  his  best  riches,  i 


inocence  and  health; 
norance  of  wealth. 


PRUDENCE,  thou  virtue  of  the  mind,  by  which 
We  do  consult  of  all  that's  good  or  evil. 
Conducting  to  felicity;  direct 

My  thoughts  and  actions  by  the  rules  of  reason ; 
Teach  me  contempt  of  all  inferior  vanities ; 
Pride  in  a  marble  portal  gilded  o'er, 


Assvrian  carpets,  chairs  of  ivory, 
The  luxuries  of  a  stupendous  house, 
Garments  perfum'd,  gems  valued  not  for  u 
But  needless  ornament;  a  sumptuous  table, 
And  all  the  baits  of  sense.  — .' 


T  OOK  forward  what  's  to  come,  and  back  what  's  past; 

Thy  life  will  be  with  praise  and  prudence  graced; 
What  loss  or  gain  may  follow,  thou  mayst  guess; 
Thou  then  wilt  be  secure  of  the  success.  —sir  7.  Denka 


'HE  wise  with  prudent  thought  provide 
Against  misfortune's  coming  tide,      —p 


w. 


HEN  any  great  designs  thou  dost  intend, 
Think  on  the  means,  the  manner  and  the  end. 
-Sir  y.  Denham. 


^i 


®Mma  gustier --5j^'^^'M.e. 

(JIallistCf)l)US   (!ll)iucnStS.      Natural  Order:    Coinpositcc  —  Aster  Family. 


HE  Chinese  are  exceedingly  fond  of  flowers,  and  often  take 
exquisite  pains  in  their  cultivation,  the  Aster  being  one  of  their 
especial  favorites.    With  infinite  patience  they  place  the  various 
colors  so  as  to  form,  according  to  their  taste,  an  artistic  mass  in 
gardens  and  pleasure  grounds.    The  varieties  now  supplied  by 
seedsmen  are  numerous,  the  colors  the  most  perfect  that  one 
could  wish,  and  filled  with  petals  to  the  center.      They  bloom  from 
dsummer  until  late  in  the  autumn,  or  until  frost  sets  its  sharp  teeth 
in  their  prodigal  blossoms.      On  the  approach  of  winter,  those  that 
have  unexpanded   buds   can   be  lifted  and   transferred  to  the  house, 
and  if  wasted  flowers  are  clipped  will  remain  in  bloom  some  time. 
The  scientific  name  is  derived  from  the  Greek,  and   signifies  beau- 
tiful crown. 


Pcunli|, 


■lirH.\T  vou  desire 
*'*  To  be  desir'd  t( 
That  of  his  fortunes 
To  lean  upon. 


of  liini,  lu-  partly  begs 
give.     It  much  would  pleas 
vou  would  make  a  stafl" 

-Shake. 


TARGE  was  his  bounty,  and  his  soul  sincere; 
^'   Heaven  did  a  recompense  as  largely  send; 


TN  all  places,  then,  and  in  all  seasons. 
Flowers  expand  their  light  and  soul-like 


He  gave  to  misery 
He  gain'd  tVom  hea\- 


ill  he  h.ad  — a  tear; 
n— 'twas  all  ho  wished. 


,  by  most  persuasive  reasons, 
they  are  to  human  things. 

—Longjellovj: 


*UCH   luoderation  with  thv  bountv  join 


A  ND,  more  than  all,  ve  speak 
^      Of  might  and  power,  of  mercy,  of  the  On 
Eternal,  who  hath  strew'd  you  fair  and  meek. 
To  glisten  in  the  sun ; 


To  gladden  all  the  earth 
With  bright  and  beauteous  emblems  of  His  grace. 
That  showers  its  gifts  of  uncomputed  worth 

In  every  clime  and  place. 

—  Mary  Anne  Brovjne. 


^1 


r 


®|iimE  gi^stjer-^mgU* 


(Eallistcpl)US    ^UljilU'llsis.       Xatukal   Okder:    Coiiipositic  —  Aster  Family. 


ESCRIPTION  of  this  flower  would  be  unnecessary,  were  it 
not  the  progenitor  of  all  our  handsome  double,  quilled,  bou- 
quet,  pyramid   and   the    many  other   varieties  of  asters   that 
'have   originated    under   careful   and    discriminating    cultivation, 
blossom  originally  presented  a   yellow   disk  or  center,  sur- 
rounded   by  a    single    row  of  petals,  of  a    purple    color  :   now  we  have 
nearh-    all   colors   and   shades,   except   j-ellow.      Such   is   the    wonderful 
power  of  human  thought,  skill,  patience  and  perseverance,  when  applied 
to  flowers;  who  can  doubt  its  equal  power  when  enlisted  in  the  eleva- 
tion of  mankind  or  in  the  improvement  of  the  individual. 


TOVE'S  heralds  should  be  thoughts, 

■'-'  Which  ten  times  faster  gHde  than  sunbeams, 

Driving  back  the  shadows  over  lowering  hills. 


-Shake 


p  OSE  leaves,  when  the  rose  is  dead, 
^^  Are  heaped  for  the  beloved's  bed; 


T' 


And  so  thy  thoughts 
Love  itself  shall  shin 


I'hen  thou  art  gone, 
!r  on.  -Shelly. 


'HOUGHTS  of  my  soul,  how  swift  ye  g. 
Swift  as  the  eagle's  glance  of  fire. 
Or  arrows  from  the  archer's  bow. 

To  the  far  aim  of  your  desire  1      —Whiitk-} 


'T^HE  car  without  horses,  the  car  without  wings. 

Roars  onward  and  flies 

On  its  pale  iron  edge, 
'Neath  the  heat  of  a  thought  sitting  still  in  our  eyes. 


'pHOUGHTS  flit  and  flutter  through  the  mind, 

A.s  o'er  the  waves  the  shifting  wind; 
Trackless  and  traceless  is  their  flight, 
As  falling  stars  of  yesternight, 
Or  the  old  tidemarks  on  the  shore, 
Which  other  tides  hax-e  rippled  o'er.      —Bo-.mm;. 


jVIANYa, 
^'A    In  my 


the  thoughts  that  come  to  me 
my  lonely  musing; 
And  they  drift  so  strange  and  swit't. 

There  's  no  time  for  choosing 
Which  to  follow,  for  to  leave 

Any,  seems  a  losing.  _c.  p.  Crauch. 


m,h. 


(lIl)n)Santl)eimilU   caiinatuin.      Natural  Order:    Composite  —  Aster  Family. 

"  "^EELSHAPED    goldtlower  is  the  significance  of  the  scientific 
name  of  this  plant  —  carinatum,  from  the  Latin  carina,  a  keel; 
and   Chrysanthemum,  from   two  Greek  words,  chrysos,  golden, 
and  anthemon,  a  flower.      It  is  not  naturalized  in  this  country, 
"  though  it  has  now  been  cultivated  here  for  a  number  of  years. 
'  i*^-?'    -  ^^         ''^    '^    nearly  a  century  since   they  were    introduced    into    Great 

4li^^  ^     \.,    I '"tain  (in  1789).      They  are  indigenous  to  Northern  Africa,  China, 
pj^japan,  and  other  Oriental  countries.      The  primitive  color  was  yellow, 
xh-^i^sj     hence   the   Greeks  called   it   Chrysanthemum:    but   now  the  colors   are 
JM/*^i       various,   being  white,   crimson,   maroon,   and    yellow  of  several   shades. 
The}    blossom  very  late    in   the   fall,   and,   if  transferred    to   the    house, 
will    bloom    until    Christmas,  requiring    only  to   be    kept    from    positive 
freezing. 

QOUL,  wilt  thou  love,  where  to  love  is  losin"? 

Long  wilt  thou  wander  in  wavs  that  err; 
Dallv  with  hopes,  that  thy  barren  choosing 

Finds  fleeting  as  steps  of  a  wayfarer. 
Wilt  thou  not  turn  and  say  to  her  spirit, 

Lo!    I  that  love  thee  will  love  no  more.'' 
This  is  a  hard  thing  that  we  inherit; 

To  love  and  to  weep,  lo!  this  is  sore.     —Barton  Gny. 


s 


WAN  brightener  of  the  fading  yeai-, 
Chrysanthemum ; 
Rough  teller  of  the  winter  near, 

Chrysanthemum : 
Gray,  low-hung  skies  and  woodlands  sere. 
Wet,  leaf-strewn  ways  with  thee  appear; 
Yet  well  I  love  to  see  thee  here. 

Chrysanthemum ! 
Yes,  well  I  love  to  see  thee  here, 

Chrvsanthemum! 


Thou  comest  when  the  rose  is  de.id. 

Chrysanthemum  — 
When  pink  and  lily  both  have  fled. 

Chrysanthemum : 
When  hollyhocks  droop  low  the  head, 
And  dahlias  litter  path  and  bed. 
Thou  bloomest  bright  in  all  their  stead. 

Chrysanthemum, 
And  back  recall'st  their  beauty  fled. 

—  If.  C.  Bfunett. 


S5 


&inttnxm< 


Cineraria   aiuclloibcs.      Natural  Order:    Com-posita:  — Aster  Family. 


klCiirr  and  beautiful,  the  flower-stalks  of  this  plant  raise  their 

[--Ui-like    clusters    of    blossoms    well    above    their    broad    and 

h.iiuUome  leaves,  in  our  greenhouses  in  spring,  when  flowers 

.,1  ^    cuo  SLaice,  sometimes  as  many  as  fifty  flowers  in  a  crowning 

^  ^if-,  mass      The  plant  has  been  called  Cape  Aster,  one  of  the  first 

J^j  t;'T-l  vaiiLties   having  come   from    the   South  of  Africa;    but  as  we 

cf''  ha\e   species   now  from   the   colder   latitudes   of  Siberia,  as  well 

as  fiom  the  tropical  cHmes  of  Jamaica  and  the  Canary  Isles,  that  name 

has   been    almost   universally  abandoned    for   the   Latin   one   embracing 

them  all.     The  colors  are  the  various  shades  of  purple  or  blue,  usually 

with  a  white  or  lighter  ring  at  the  base  of  the  petals. 


TTOW  brilliant  and  mirthful  the  light  of  her  eye, 

Like  a  star  glancing  out  from  the  blue  of  the  sky. 


DRIGHTLY   shines  the  sun  today, 
'^    Perhaps  it  brings  but  little  sorrow; 
We'll   be  happy  while  we  may; 

'Twould  be  folly  now  to  borrow 
Griefs  and  cares,  which  may  not  stray, 

Mav   not  darken  our  tomorrow. 


—  Whiltier. 
Sweet  content,  with  winning  smiles, 

Brightens  every  simple  pleasure; 
Happiness,  with  merry  smiles, 

Adds  its  gold  to  all  our  treasure; 
Thus  our  path  for  many  miles 

May  be  crowned  from   joy's  lull  measure. 


T  TE  is  so  full  of  pleasant  anecdote, 

So  rich,  so  gay,  so  poignant  in  his  wit, 
Time  vanishes  before  him  as  he  speaks. 
And  ruddy  morning  through  the  lattice  peeps. 


TJIS  sports  were  fair,  his  joyance  innocent, 

Sweet  without  sour,  and  honey  without  gall; 

And  he  himself  seem'd  made  for  merriment, 
Merrily  masking  both  in  bower  and  hall. 


w 


'HEN  thou  art  near. 
The  sweetest  joys  still  sweeter  seem 
The  brightest  hopes  more  bright  appear. 

And  life  is  all  one  happy  dream. 
When  thou  art  near.  —Robert  Siveney. 


®itr0B< 


(HitvuS  llieMca.      Natural  Order:  Anranticece  —  Orange  Family. 


Kiiri'  or  nine  feet  high  in  its  native  seats  in  tropical  climates, 

\W    Citron  differs  but  slightly  in   appearance  from  the  lemon 

ikI  orange  trees,  with  which  we   are   familiar,  though  only 

IS  house  shrubs.     The  foliage  is  evergreen,  the  flowers  resem- 

,  4  bling  the  orange  blossom;  the  fruit  is  fragrant,  the  pulp  being 

'^"^  acid   like   the  lemon,  and   grateful  and   cooling  to  the  taste. 

The  tiees  of  this  class  are  all  easily  grown   in   the  conservatory,  and 

m  Louisiana  and  Florida  in  the  open  air,  yielding  a  delightful  perfume 

when    m    bloom.      It    gets    its    distinctive    title,    medica,  from    the    two 

essential  oiK  (citron  and  cedrat)  which  it  yields. 


N 


O  power  in  deatli  shall  teai-  our  names  apart, 
As  none  in  life  could  rend  thee  from  my  heart. 
—Bv> 


/^OME  from  the  woods  with  the  citron  flowers, 
^   Come  with  your  lyres  for  festal  hours. 
Maids  of  bright  Scio!     They  came,  and  the  breeze 
Bore  their  sweet  songs  o'er  the  Grecian  seas; 
They  came,  and  Endora  stood  robed  and  crowned 
The  bride  of  the  morn,  with  her  train  around. 

—Mrs.  Hema„s. 


Wl 


lEN  on  thy  bosom  I  recline, 
Enraptured  still  to  call  thee  mine, 
To  call  thee  mine  for  lite, 
I  glory  in  the  sacred  ties. 
Which  modern  wits  and  fools  despise, 
Of  husband  and  of  wife. 

— Lindhy  Murray. 


'T'HE  citron  groves  their  fruit  and  flowers  were  strewing 
Around  a  Moorish  palace,  while  the  sigh 

Of  low,  sweet  summer  winds  the  branches  wooing 

With  music  through  their  shadowy  bowers  went  by ; 

Music  and  voices  from  the  marble  halls 

Through  the  leaves  gleaming,  and  the  fountain  falls. 


ACROSS  the  threshold  led. 

And  everv  tear  kissed  off  as  soon  as  shed. 


enters,  there  to  be 


S7 


Shining  within,  when  all  without  is  night; 
A  guardian  angel  o'er  his  life  presiding, 
Doubling  his  pleasure,  and  his  cares  dividing.  ^ 

— Rogers.        ^ 


■^m 


I 


filtailtljUS   Dampitri.      Natural  Order:  Legnminosie — Pulse  Fatnily. 


T  is  but  a  few  years  since  this  beautiful  flower  was  first 
introduced    into    Europe    and    the    United    States    from    New 

?  Zealand,  and,  as    it  was    at    first    considered  a   delicate    plant 

to  cultivate,  it  commanded  a  very  high   price,   and  was  with 

difficulty  persuaded   to   bloom.      The   trouble  was  too  much 

care.     It  is  now  grown   from  seeds,  requiring  a  well-drained 

soil,  and  only  a  reasonable   supply  of  water,  as   too   liberal   drenching 


■^ 


J^    causes   it   to   decay  at  the  root.      The   leaves   grow  in   pairs   opposite 

J 4-  each  other,  similar  to  the  pea  family,  to  which  class  it  belongs.  The 
\  flowers  appear  in  clusters  of  about  half  a  dozen,  each  being  from  two 
^J/i^  to  three  inches  long,  and  of  a  rich  scarlet,  with  an  intensely  black 
^KSfe      blotch  in  the  center. 


(lorittns  J$3ui^, 


TTER  eyes,  her  lips,  her  cheeks,  her  shape,  her  features, 
■*■        Seem  to  be  drawn  by  love's  own  hands,  by  love 
Himself  in  love.  —Dryderi. 

'T^HE  beautiful  are  never  desolate,  TTEART  on  her  lips,  and  soul  within  her  eyes, 

•'■    But  some  one  always  loves  them.  Soft  as  her  clime,  and  sunny  as  her  skies. 

— Bailey.  — Byron. 

ITER  grace  of  motion  and  of  look,  the  smooth 

And  swimming  majesty  of  step  and  tread, 
The  symmetry  of  form  and  feature,  set 
The  soul  afloat,  even  like  delicious  airs 
Of  flute  or  harp.  —Milman. 

QHE  has  such  wondrous- eyes,  The  lustrous  depths  that  stir 

The  saints  in  paradise  With  rhythmic  rise  and  fall. 

Must  veil  their  own  from  her.  To  hide  her  heart  from  all  — 
Around  her  snow-white  neck  /  hold  a  hidden  key 

Great  pearls,  like  foam-bells  fleck,  To  ope  the  gates,  ma  mid 

—Edvjard  Renaud, 


^10. 


S^ !! :^S. 


d0tlj-mr. 


m. 

^i 


Xantl)ium   Strumarium.      Natural  Order:    Conipositit  —  Aster  Family. 


^^IKE  some  of  the   human   family,  certain  plants   have  but  very 

^    little    biography,    and    what    they   have    is    not   very   favorable. 

(f^   They   necessarily   have   had    progenitors  or    ancestors,  but   not 

the    illustrious,    the    noted,    the    famous  ;    neither    have    they 

^[f^SitA^^--^  beauty  or   attractions    sufficient  to  redeem   them    from  ob- 

~Sf  >  ^'  t  i.-<i>Q=».  scurity.      The  Clotbur  resembles  the  burdock,  the  Spanish 

needles,  and  some  others  of  those  provoking  plants  that  scatter  their 

seeds  by  adhering  to  whatever  comes  in  contact,  which  they  do  readily 

by  the  hooked  spines  with  which  the)-  are  provided.     They  are  mostly 

coarse  plants,  found  in  byways,  fields,  woods  and  barnyards. 


D 


ETRACTION  is  a  bold   monster,  and  fears  not 
To  wound  the  lame  of  princes,  if  it  find 
ut  anv  blemish  in  their  li\-es  to  work  on.     —.\[nssi)iger. 


"yiS  not  the  wholesome,  sharp  morality, 

•^     Or  modest  anger  of  a  satiric  spirit, 
That  hurts  or  wounds  the  body  of  a  State ; 
But  the  sinister  application 


Of  the  malicious,  ignorant  and  base 
Interpreter;  who  will  distort,  and  strain 
The  gen'ral   scope  and  purpose  of  an  author 
To  his  particular  and  private  spleen.      —jonso 


"V  riRTUE  itself  'scapes  not  calumnious  strokes 
The  canker  galls  the  infants  of  the  spring, 
For  oft  before  their  blossoms  be  disclos'd, 
And  in  the  morn  and  liquid  dew  of  youth, 
Contagious  blastments  are  most  imminent. 

—Sliaifsfea: 


TV  TO  skill  in  swordmanship,  however  just, 
Can  be  secure  against  a  madman's  tin 
And  even  virtue  so  unfairly  match'd. 


Although  immortal. 


be  prick'd  or  scratch'd. 

—  Cov'per. 


I'M  one  whose  whip  of  steel  can  with  a  lash 
^    Imprint  the  characters  of  shame  so  deep, 
Ev'n  in  the  brazen  forehead  of  proud  sin. 
That  not  eternity  shall  wear  it  out. 

—Ramlolfh. 


k 


H 


APPY  are  they  that   hear  their  detractions 
And  can  put  them  to  mending.  —si 

89 


If 


-^i 


(SvitoliuiU    pratrUSC.       Naturai,  Okder:   Leguminoscv  —  Pulse  Fatnily. 


-,  I        \  OWN  more  commonly,  from  one  variety,  as  the  Red  Clover, 

Ins  three-leaved  product  of  the  meadow  (whence  its  scientific 

I  line)  is,  next  to  common  grass,  the  most   useful  plant  to  the 

lusbandman    for    the    feeding  of  his  catde;    and  of  it    they  are 

\ceedingly    fond.      It    is    usually  grown    as   a   mixture  in   with 

ther   grasses,  but    sometimes  whole    fields   are   devoted   to   it. 

H.I1  crops  should  really  be  grown  and  stored  separately,  so  as 

to  be  used  at  discretion,  for  cattle,  as  well  as  people,  have  a  discern- 

j^     JJ'ing  taste,  and  know  as  well   as  we  that   "variety  is  the  spice  of  life." 

^\&^    1  lie  blossoms  are  fragrant,  and   are  very  enticing  to  bees  and  butter- 

iliLb  as  well  as  other  honey-loving  insects. 


1 


'nbuslr^. 


[KE  clocks,  one  wheel  another  on  must  drive  — 
'  Affairs  bv  diligent  labor  onlj  thrive.        —c/wfrn 


AXD  cheerfully  she  plodded  through 
■^  ^  Her  many  household  cares; 
And  led  the  flock  her  father  left, 

To  feed  upon  the  hill; 
And  guided  them  at  sunset 

To  the  bubbling  silver  rill; 
And  put  them  safe  in  fold  at  night, 

And  left  the  watch-dog  nigh, 
That  at  his  honest,  angry  bark 


The  cow.ird  wolf  might  fly; 
And  train'd  the  woodbines  higher  yet 

Upon  the  cottage  wall. 
And  pruned  the  roses,  where  they  grew, 

So  sweet  and  fresh  and  tall ; 
And  planted  flowers  and  strawberries. 

In  her  small  plot  of  gi-ound^ 
And  painted  all  the  railing  green, 

That  fenced  her  garden   'round. 


OHORTLY  his 
^  True  industry 


r\YT  did  the  harvest  to  the  sickle  yield, 

^  Their  harrow  oft  the  stubborn  glebe  iRifh  broke; 

How  jocund  did  they  drive  their  teams  afield. 

How  bow'd  the  woods  beneath  their  sturdy  stroke. 

ne  shall  be  lifted  higher;  A  BSENCE  of  occupation  is 

kindle  honor's  fire.  -'*■   A  mind  quite  vacant  is  a 

—S/iates/<enre. 

90 


-Mrs.  Nc 


not  rest, 

mind  distressed. 


gi^ 


®0l?-aea. 


^ 

^i 


(Eolnta   SCailLteilS.      Natural  Order:  Pole 


vr  — Polcmoiiih 


'       ^^'^TLIMBING  COBa-EA,  so  called  from  Barnabas  Cobo,  a  Span- 
)h   missionary  in   Mexico  (whence   the   common   species   has 
)■    been    introduced),    is    a   verj^    luxuriant    and    beautiful    plant, 
often    growing  a  hundred    and  fifty  feet  or   more    in  a  single 
^l^^-^^^flj)    season.      The  most  common  kind  produces  large,  bell-shaped 
1^1      TTtTOJvw-^    flowers,   nearly  the   size  of  a  teacup,  which  when   they  first 
'^      appear  are  a  pale  green,  changing  gradually  to  a  beautiful  dark  purple 
1^^  under   the   influence  of  the   sun   and   air.      There   is   also   a  variegated 
kind,  and  very  recently  a  white  variety  has  been  introduced.     The  seeds 
W'"   are  large  and  flat,  and  should   be  planted   edgewise,  as,  if  placed   flat, 
|P&   the}-  are  apt  to  rot  before  sprouting.     It  can  be  cultivated  as  an  annual, 
^^     or  as  a  permanent   house-plant;    in  either  case  care  should   be  taken  in 
pruning  if  entirely  cut  back,  to  see  that  there  are  young  shoots  sprout- 
from  the   root    near  the  earth,  to  absorb    the    superfluity  of  sap,  or  the  plant 
will  perish. 


WLKERS  are  no  good  doers;   be  assured 

We  go  to  use  our  hands,  and  not  our  tongues 
— Shah- 


SWE 


'EET  were  the  tales  she  used  to  tell 

When  summer's  eve  was  dear  to  us. 

And  fading  from  the  darkening  dell, 

The  glorv  of  the  sunset  fell. 

—  Whittkr. 


1  z 


<'EVER   with  important  air 
versation  overbear; 
My  tongue  within  my  lips  I  rein ; 
For  who  talks  much  must  talk  in 


Y  lord  shall  never  rest; 


^ 


\  MIRTH-MOVING  jest, 

Which   his  fair  tongue,  conceit's  expositor. 
Delivers  in  such  apt  and  gracious  words 
That  aged  ears  play  truant  at  his  tales. 


and  talk  him  out. 

hard  soe'er  it  be  to  bridle  wit. 
Yet  memory  oft  no  less  requires  the  bit. 
How  many,  hurried  by  its  force  away, 
Forever  in  the  land  of  gossips  stray ! 

—  Slilliiigfleet. 


i^i? 


C'0cfesjC;Ciml3< 


(Eclosia   Cristata.      Natural  Order:  Amaranlacea:  —  Amaranth  Family. 

S^^.  FEW  years  ago  the  crimson  Celosia  was  the  only  variety  to 
P    be  met  with,  and   now  we   have  the  white,  yellow,  and  rose. 
They  bloom  in  a  flattened,  pyramidal  spike,  frequently  a  foot 
broad,   and   resemble  a   mass  of  plush    gathered   into    a    gro- 
^t[^  tesque  shape,  the  crest  of  the  flower  being  usually  deeper  in 
^\  ^  tint  and   softer   in    texture.      They   are    garden    annuals,   but 
are  equally  adapted  for  pot  culture,  looking  well  as  greenhouse  or  con- 
servatory  ornaments    when    placed    against    a    background    of   striking 
foliage.      Their  flowers   are  lasting,  and   are  a  fine   addition    to  winter 
bouquets,  in  which  case  they  should  be  plucked  before  frost,  and  before 
too  much  wasted  by  the  ripening  of  the  seeds. 


ttfpi 


0 


H !  save  me,  ye  pov 
These  tea-table  hei 


from  these  pinks  of  the  nation, 
these  lords  of  creation.     —Snlmagimdi. 


SOME  positive,  persisting  fops  we  know. 
Who,  if  once  wrong,  will  needs  be  always  so; 


'OXCOMBS  are  of  all  ranks  and  kind. 


But  vou  with  pleasure 
And   make  e.ich  dav  a 


vn  your  errors  past, 
itique  on  the  last.    —Pofe. 


Of  rich, 
'Tis  vani 


poor,  or  great,  or 
besets  them  all. 


HIXE  out,  fair  sun,  till   I  ha\ 
That  I  mav   see  mv  shadow 


bought  a  glass, 
i    I    pass.        —Shakespea, 


E^: 


irning  does 
This  fellow  put  himself  upon  the  rack. 


With  putting  on  's  apparel,  and  manfully 
Endures  his  tailor,  when  he  screws  and  \ 
His  body  into  the  tashion  of  his  doublet. 


P0P.S  take  a  world  of  pains 

To  prove  that  bodies  may  exist  sans  brains; 
The  former  so  fantastically  dress'd, 
The  latter's  absence  may  be  safely  guess'd. 

— Park  Benjamin. 


N 


ATURE  m.ide  ev'ry  fop  to  plague  his  brother. 
Just  as  one  beauty  mortifies  another.  —Pope. 

92 


^ 


m 


^ri 


!2li']uilci'lirt   ^JIuuu^Cllsis.      Natural  Order:  Raniiiiculacca:  —  Cro-vfoot  Family. 


ERHAPS  ten  varieties  of  this  plant  are  in  cultivation,  some  of 
?  them  being  our  own  wild  ones  naturalized,  while  others  have 
been   imported  from   Siberia,   Mexico  and   elsewhere.      They 
are  various  in  color  of  blossom,  usually  combining  two  shades 
or  complementary  tints  in  one  flower,  as  red  and  yellow,  blue 
and  white,  some  even  having  three.     The  petals  are  curiously 
spurred,  from  which  they  have  been  compared  to  the  talons  of  the 
eagle,  whence  their  Latin  name,  from   aqiiila,  an   eagle.      The   resem- 
blance of  its  flowers  to  a  fool's  cap  has  given  rise  to  its  symbolism. 


loll,. 


^^                                 T  EAVE  such  to  trifle 
^                                  Lv  Whom  follv  pleases 

with  more  grace  and  ease. 

or  whose  follies  please. 

-Pop.. 

■pAME  'S  but  a  hollow  echo;  gold,  pure  clay; 
-'■      Honor,  the  darling  of  but  one  short  day ; 

WHAT  is  social  con.pany 
*•    But  a  babbling  summer  str 

Beauty,  the  eye's  idol,  but  a  damask'd  skin; 

What  our  wise  philosophy 

State,  but  a  golden  prison  to  live  in. 

But  the  glancing  of  a  dream 
-Christopher  P, 

0 


THERS  the  siren  sisters  compass  'round. 
And  empty  heads  console  —  with  empty  sound. 


TTIS  passion  for  absurdity  's  so  strong, 

He  cannot  bear  a  rival   in   the  wrons 

Tho'  wrong  the  mode  comply :  more  sense 

In  wearing  others'  follies  than  our  own. 


T^HE  morning's  blush,  she  made  it  thine. 

The  morn's  sweet  breath,  she  gave  it  thee: 
And  in  thy  look,  my  Columbine! 

Each  fond-remember'd  spot  she  bade  me  see. 


T 


OO  many  giddy,  foolish  hours  are  gone, 
And  in  fantastic  measures  danced  awav. 


I 


'T^HEIR   passions  move  in 
*■    Where'er  caprice  or  folly 


spheres, 


'T'HUS  in  a  sea  of  follies  toss'd, 

Mv  choicest  hours  of  life  are  lost. 


J 


ff0rje0|rsi0. 


(loiCOpsis   tilUtaria.      Natural  Order:   Compositcc  —  Aster  Family. 

\XY  are  the  varieties  of  this  truly  handsome  annual,  which 

y \  tlei  i\  t  s    its    name    from    two  Greek   words,  koi'is,  a  bug,  and 

j'^  ^^flt   apsis,  appearance.      The  flov/ers  are  about  an  inch  or  an 

k7/  inch   and  a  half  in  diameter,  and  in   shape  like  a  diminutive 

^.    sunHower,  the  rays  or  petals  being  yellow,  crimson,  maroon 

-"*  *\md  led;  or  yellow  with   one  of  the  darker  colors  forming  a 

lick    at    the   base.      They  bloom    profusely  during    the   whole   sum- 

\-f]\  \  ^    mer.     The  plants    are    delicate   in   growth   and    are   about    two  feet 

high.     They  are  natives  of  all  the  Southern  States. 


COULD  30U  chain  the  bhtht-  waves  dancing  wild  in  tlieir  glee? 
Could  you  check  the  glad  niockbird  his  carol  repeating, 
Hold  the  laughing  leaves  still  that  are  tiuttering  free, 

Or  the  sungleams  that  o'er  the  green  meadows  are  fleeting.' 

And  why  is  mv   voice  attuned  like  a  lute 

To  the  music  that  all  things  ai-ound  me  are  feeling. 
If  its  voice  in  that  concert  alone  must  be  mute. 


If  I  shut  out  the  doctrine  of  nature': 


vealing? 


n  OWS  of  liqu 
^  How  they  s 


0",: 


-Elizabeth 
ly  delight 
ill  of  timci 


F.  Ellel. 


lid  eves  in  laughter, 
flimmer,  how  thev  ciui\-er 
Sparkling  one  another  after. 

Like  bright  ripples  on  a  river. 
Tipsy  band  of  rubious  faces. 

Flushed  with  Joy's  ethereal  spirit. 
Make  your  mocks  and  sly  grimaces 
.\t   Love's  self,  and  do  not  fear  it. 

— George  Darlew 

AND  her  against  sweet  cheerfulness  was  placed. 

Whose  eves  like  twinkling  stars  in  evening  clear 
Were  deck't  with  smyles,  that  all  sad  humors  chased, 
And  darted  forth  delights,  the  which  her  goodly  graced 

94 


ivrap  the  soul 
sadness.' 

And  paint  our  cheeks  \vith  gladness; 
What  if  hope  tells  a  "flattering  tale," 

And  mocks  us  by  deceiving, 
'Tis  better  far  to  be  content, — 

There's  nothing  made  bv  grieving. 


-^m 


®0riam£jer. 


(Horianilrum   Satinum.      Natural  Order:  'Umbellifciw — Parsley  Family. 

^  ORTIONS  of  Southern  Europe  along  the  coast  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, and  the  East  generally,  are  the  native  seats  of  the 
Coriander  in  a  wild  state;    but  the  cultivated  varieties  are  to 
be  found  in  all  countries.      The  seeds,  for  which  it  is  grown, 
]     are  very  aromatic,  and  are  used  by  confectioners  in  manufac- 
t!r|q;turing  man}'  of  their  sweets,  they  being  passed  through  some 
4  pioeess   by  which  their  exterior  is  covered  with   a   coating   of  sugar, 
each  seed  still  retaining  its   individualitj^      The  leaves  of  the  plant  are 
much  divided;   the  flowers  are  white,  grouped  in  umbels,  and  bloom  in 
the  month  of  July. 


H. 


glide, 


'T'HE  sweet  eye-glances  that  like 

The  charming  smiles  that  rob  sense  from  the  heart, 
The  lovely  pleasaunce,  and  the  lofty  pride, 

Cannot  expressed  be  by  any  art.         —Spenser. 


/^H!  how  much  more  doth  beauty  beauteous 
^  By  that  sweet  ornament  which  truth  doth 
The  rose  looks  fair,  but  fairer  we  it  deem 
For  that  sweet  odor  which  doth  in  it  live. 


H 


APPEN  what  there  can,  I   will  be  just; 


That  shall  go  with  me  and  before  me  still. 
And  glad  me  doing  well,  though   I  hear  ill 


H 


'pHE  noble  mi 
No  fortune': 


ERE  only  merit  constant  pay  receives; 

Is  blest  in  what  it  takes,  and  what  it  gives. 

-Pope. 

ions  of  a  fault,                    'J* HE   fame  that  a  man  \ 
bend,  or  smiles  exalt.       ^     Tliat  he  mav  call  his 

ins  himself  is  best; 

own. 

-Middletoii. 

OE  thou  the  first,  true  merit  to  befriend; 

^   His  praise  is  lost  who  waits  till  all  commend. 

—Pope. 

WITHOUT  the  stamp  of  merit,  let  none  presume      Tl/fERIT  like  his,  the  fortune  of  the  mind, 


To  wear  undeserved  dignit% 


Beggars  all  wealth. 


-Tlw. 


95 


1\ 


!2lgrOStcilima    Clitljago.      Natural  Order:   Caiyophyllacca; — Pink  Family. 


'  ROWING  uncultivated  in  fields  of  grain,  this  plant  is  nearly 
•illied  to  the  species  of  Lychnis  that  are  grown  in  the  flower 
garden.  The  stem  is  from  two  to  three  feet  high,  with  foliage 
of  a  pale  green,  and  the  leaves  three  or  four  inches  in  length. 
The  flowers  are  rather  pretty,  though  not  brilliant,  being  in 
color  somewhat  of  a  dull  purple.  Its  name,  Agrostemma, 
signifies  crown  of  the  field,  derived  from  the  Greek;  and  the  epithet 
githago  is  allied  to  gith,  the  Welsh  name  for  Corn  Cockle. 


^orl^  abau^  PEaul:|< 


r\  FATAL  beauty!  why  art  thou  bestow'd 

^   On  hapless  woman  still  to  make  her  wretched? 

Betrayed  by  thee,  how  many  are  undone.  —Palicrson. 


■pEAUTY, 
•D 'who  can 
Pleased  with 
And  see  the 


like  ice,  our  footing  does  betray ; 
tread  sure  on  the  smooth,  slip'ry  way : 
the  passage,  we  glide  swiftly  on, 
dangers  which  we  cannot  shun. 

—DryJen. 


''TPIS  not  a  set  of  features  or  complexion 

The  tincture  of  a  skin  I  admire, 
Beauty  soon  grows  familiar  to  the  lover, 
Fades  in  his  eye,  and  palls  upon  the  sense. 


TITHY  did  the  gods  give  thee  a  heavenly  form. 

And  earthly  thoughts  to  make  thee  proud  of  ; 
Why  do  I  ask.'     'Tis  now  the  known  disease 
That  beauty  hath,  to  bear  too  deep  a  sense 
Of  her  own   self-conceived  excellence.         —loiisoti. 


■pEAUTY,  my  lord,  'tis  the  worst  part  of  woman, 

A  weak,  poor  thing,  assaulted  ev'rv  hour 

By  creeping  minutes  of  defacing  time; 

A  superficies,  which  each  breath  of  care 

Blasts  off;  and  ev'ry  hum'rous  stream  of  grief 

Which  flows  from  forth  these  fountains  of  our  eves 

Washeth  awav,  as  rain  doth  winter's  snow. 

-Gofff. 


'T'HINK  not,  'cause  men  flafring  say, 
A     v  eiro  fresh  as  April,  sweet  as  May 


Y 

Bright  as  the  morning  star 
That  you  are. 

•pEAUTY  is  cxcell'd  by 
D   And  wisdom,  which  ak 


»EAUTY,  fair  flower,  upon  the 
But  worth  with  beautv  soon  i 

96 


rface  lies, 
:spect  vies 


(HorOllilla   ijlaiU'a.      Natukal  Okdek:  Lcguntinos.c — Piilsc  Family. 

^dL'^^TT'^'^^t   ORONILLA   is   a   shrubby  plant    growing   to   some   three  or 
1 1    loui    feet    in    height,    and    blossoms    freely    and    early    in    the 
k^gieenhouse    or    window.      There    are    but    few   varieties,   none 
of  \\hich    are    natives,  being    all  of   European   origin.      Three 
pioduce  yellow  flowers;  the  Coronilla  varia  has  purple  ones; 
and  the  Coronilla  Emerus,  frequently  called  Scorpion  senna,  a 
t    Fiance,    has    blossoms    of  a    rose    color.      They    should   have 
m    summer,    and    be    grown    in    a    light,    open    soil    well 
signiticance  of  the  name  is  a  little  crown,  from  the  shape 


^uttjss  irauiii  'Xmx 


OCJIJ  actions  cr 
Who  deserves 


thcmsel 
needs  n( 


pROWXD   vvitli  m.v  constellat 
^'  Beside  the  tbaming  sea. 


r\   SUCH  a  da; 
^    So  fought,  s 


And  from  the  Future  with  a  vic 
Claini  empire  for  the  Fr 


follow'd,  and  so  fairly  won. 
Came  not  till   now,  to  dignity  the  times. 
Since  Osar's   fortunes.  ^Shakespeare. 


A  PPL.VUSE  waits  on  success;  the  tickle  multitud 
'^  Like  the  light  straw  that  tloats  along  the  stream 
Glide  with  the  current  still,  and  follow  fortune. 

-Fr.nitli,, 


'yHl'S   far  our  fortune  keeps  an  onward  course 
^    .\nd  we  are  graced  with   wreaths  of  \  ictory. 

ic,        'yO  do 


Shakespeare. 


0^ 


to  succeed  —  our  fight 
ag'd  in   Heaven's  approving  sight  — 
e  of  God  is  N'ictorv. 

—  Whittier. 


I'd   with  sure  success: 


rhe  greater  part  perform'd,  achieve  the 


'l^riSDOM   he  has,  and  to  his  wisdom  courage; 
Temper  to  that,  and  unto  all  success. 


OrCCESS.  the  mark  no 
^    Or  surest  hand,  can  ah 


^^ 


■^m 


C0tt0m  l^litmt* 


(P>03SlipUIlU   l)Cl'baiCUlU.      Natural  Order:  Malvacea  —  Ma/lozu  Family. 


*^f''HIS  plant  is  a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  or  is,  perhaps, 
(  indigenous  to  all  tropical  regions.  It  is  now  at  least  exten- 
bi\el\  grown  in  various  tropical  and  semi-tropical  countries 
^  toi  the  product  which  it  yields.  It  is  an  annual,  growing, 
il  lett  unpruned,  some  live  teet  high.  Sown  in  spring,  and 
tended  with  care  duiing  the  summer  months,  it  is  harvested 
in  autumn  The  seeds  are  ensconced  in  the  most  delightful  of  beds, 
soft  and  white.  When  they  are  ripe  the  pods  burst,  and  if  left  to 
nature,  would  eventually  float  out  on  the  wide,  wide  world,  till  they 
had  tbund  a  resting  place  in  the  soil,  to  become  plants  themselves; 
but  man  seizes  their  clown\-  covering  and  applies  it  to  his  own  use. 
The  flowers  are  a  pale  yellow,  and  are  from  two  to  three  inches 
broad.  The  Nankin  Cotton  is  similar  to  the  common,  except  in  the 
^^^V^  color  of  the  fiber,  which  is  yellow  or  tawny.  The  Gossypium  Bar- 
badense,  Barbadoes  or  Sea-Island  cotton,  grown  in  a  narrow  belt  of  our  Southern 
States  and  adjacent  islands,  is  unrivaled  for  length,  softness  and  strength. 


AS  some  tall  clift",  that  lifts  itb  awtu!  form, 
-'^  Swells  from  the  vale,  and  midway  leaves  the  storm; 
Tho'  round  its  breast  the  rolling  clouds  are  spread, 
Eternal   sunshine  settles  on  its  head.  —Gohfsmiil,. 


T  IVES  of  great  men  all  remind  us 
We  can  make  our  lives  sublime, 
And,  departing,  leave  behind   us 

Footprints  on   the  sands  of  time;— 


Footprints,  that  perhaps  another, 

.Sailing  o'er  life's  solemn  main, 

A  forlorn  and  shipwreck'd  brother, 

.   Seeing,  shall  take  heart  again. 


0 


■ss,  thou  art  but  a  tiattei 
Inibljlc,  lighter  than  the 


RE  AT  soul>  bv  ii 
Demand  alliance 


L-t  to  each  other  tui 
in   friendship  Inirn. 


HIGH  stations 
None  think 


but  not  bliss  create; 
;  unh;ippy,  but  the  great. 


i 


¥! 


r 


-^m 


^tnnhtvv^. 


1 


(Dvill'OCCUS   |jalustris.       Natlkal  Okder:  Ericaccic— Heath  Family. 


.l3.L\RLY  e\c-r}-  one  is  tamiliar  with  the  handsome,  bright  and 
los^\  truit  of  the  Cranberry.  \\l'iich  is  so  frequentl}-  exposed 
)i  sale  in  our  markets,  and  from  which  such  luscious  jellies 
and    appetizing    tarts 


:oncocted.      The    literal    translation 


om   the   Greek  would    be   sour-berrv,   from 


acid,   and 


*^^XoH(«,  berr)',  than  which  nothing  coxold  be  more  appropriate. 
It  IS  also  called  moss-berr}',  or  moor-berr}',  as  it  thri\es  best  in  \o\\\ 
bogg\  giounds,  such  as  will-o'-the-wisp  delights  to  dance  over,  and 
wheie  the  soil  sucks  up  water  like  a  sponge.  The  shrub  being- 
pi  ocumbent,  or  trailing,  creeps  along  the  ground,  and  under  culti\-a- 
tion  toims  dense  masses,  yielding  an- abundant  product.  The  flowers 
are  ot  a  light  pink,  and  are  clustered  near  the  tips  of  the  branches. 
There  is  also  a  \-ariety  called  the  Upland  Cranberry. 


larbi^aob 


q^H 


E  mind 
.Shall  nev 


A    MIGHTY  man  is  he, 
■^        With  large  and  sinewy  hai 
.\nd  the  muscles  of  his  brawiiN 
.Vre  stroiiii-  as  iron  bands. 


th  dovibt,  nor  shake  with  fear. 

—  Shakespeare. 

I  T  PON  his  ample,  shoulders 

'    Clangs  loud  the  four-fold  shield, 

.\nd  in  his  hand  he  shakes  the  brand 

Which  none  but  he  can   wield. 

-Lord  -Vacnnl 


tune  empty  all  her  quivt 
,ve  a  soul  that,  like  an  a 
it  all,  ;uid  ^"erge  enoiigl 


■  on  me. 
iple  shield. 


-DrvJeu 


TIKE  a  mountain  lone  and  bleak, 
'-'    With  its  sky-encompass'd  peak, 

Thunder  riven, 
LiftiuCT  its  forehead  bare, 


Tlu'ough  the  cold  and  blighting  air. 

Up  to  heaven, 
Is  tlie  soul  that  feels  its  woe, 
.\nd  is  ner\ed  to  bear  the  blo« . 


£ailCl'i5tra"luia   iJuilita.      Natural  Okder:  Lythracccc  —  Loosestrife  Family. 


\\  EDEN  was  the  birthplace  of  Magnus  Lagerstroem,  the  noted 

ti  iveler  and  botanist  lor  whom  this  beautiful  exotic  shrub  was 

II  imed,  and   as   it  was   supposed  to  have  come  originally  from 

ihe    East    Indies,   the    qualifying    adjective,   Indica,   was    added. 

1  he   petals  of  the   flowers   are  very  delicate,  and   are   attached 

lo  the  calyx   by  long,  slender  claws,  which    give   it  a   light  and 

ippearance.      The    shrub    is   frequently   found   in    the    Southern 

r>  w   States,   where    it   is   quite    hardy,  but    in    the    northern    section  of  the 

^^^^*  I  lilted    States    it   is    found    only    in    conservatories.      Very    recently    a 

white  blooming  plant  was  found  in  Arkansas,  growing  wild:    it  being 

stliL  lust  discovered  of  that  color,  it  was  of  course  very  choice,  and  was 

It  ontL   K  moved  bv  an  enthusiastic  amateur  for  propagation. 


jl/TETHOUGHT  I  heard  a  voice 

-*■    .Sweet  as  the  shepherd's  pipe  upon 
When  all  his  little  flock  V  at  feed  betbrt 


mountains 


/~\H!  I  know 

^  Thou  hast  a  tongue  to  charm  the  wilde 

TJIS  eloquence  is  classic  in  its  style. 

,t  temper; 

^  ^   Not  brilliant  with  explosive  coruscations 

Herds  would  forget  to  graze,  and  savage 

beasts 

or  heterogeneous  thoughts,  at  random  caught. 

.Stand  still,  and  lose  their  iierceness,  but  to  hear  thee, 

And  scattered  like  a  shower  of  shooting  stars. 

As  if  they  had  reflection;  and  by  reason 

That  end  in  darkness;  no  — his  noble  mind 

Forsook  a  less  enjoyment  for  a  greater. 

~Rov;: 

Is  clear,  and   full,  and  stately,  and  serene. 

-Mrs.  Hah. 

npiIAT  voice 
A     And  till  m^ 

vas  wont 

o  come  in  gentle  whispers, 

ears  «ith 

the  soft  bre.-ith  of  love. 

-Ot-Ji-av 


'T'HE  charm  of  eloquence  —  the  ski 
To  wake  each  secret  string, 

And  t'rom  the  bosom's  chords  at  wil 
Life's  mournful  music  bring; 


diich  ! 


The  o'ermastering  strength  of  mind. 

The  haughty  and  the  free. 
Whose  might  earth's  mightiest  ones  obey; 

This  charm  was  given  to  thee. 

— .l/nt.  Embury. 


(Srocus   OCinUS.      Natural  Order:  Iridacciv  —  Iris  Family. 


\  NE   of  the  first   flowers  that  greet  the  eye  in  early  spring  is 

this   inhabitant   of  the   snowy  Alps,  brightening  the  earth  with 

its    gay    blossoms    often    before    any    verdure    is    visible.      The 

root    is    bulbous,    and    cheap    enough    to    have    in    abundance. 

_         They  are  exceedingly  attractive   for  house    cultivation,  planted 

•-^^in  some  of  the  pretty  devices  that  are  made  for  hyacinths  and 

similar  plants.     The  colors  varj?  through  the  different  shades  of  purple, 

yellow  and  white.      The    ancient    legend    relates    that    Crocus  was    an 

unfortunate  lover,  whose  unrequited   passion   awakened  the  sympathy 

gods,  and  procured  his  metamorphose  into  this  flower. 


i]^$^rfub«$$. 


-beaten  heart 


ikewise  is  cheer'd 
1  cloiidv  looks  .are 


•I17HEN  cheerfulness,  a  n 
•'  Her  bow  across  her  she 
Her  buskins  gemm'd  with  m( 
Blew  an  inspirinsj  air,  that  cia 


iph  of  healthiest  hue. 


JOY,  like  the  zypher  that   Hies  o'er  the  flow 
Ripjiling  into  it  fresh  fairness  each  hour,— 
Joy  has  wav'd  o'er  thee  his  sun-woven  wing, 
And  dimpled  thv  cheek  like  the  roses  of  sprii 
— Mrs.  Os^^ood. 


K 


T  sight  of   thee 
My  hopes  rev 


gloom  V  soul 
and  gladness 


■heers 


ithii 


"IITELCOME,  wild  harbinger  of  spring! 

To  this  small  nook  of  earth ; 
Feeling  and  fancy  fondly  cling 

Round  thoughts  which  owe  their  birth 
To  thee,  and  to  the  humble  spot 
Where  chance  has  fix'd  thv  lowlv  lot. 


—Ambrose  Philips. 

To  thee  —  for  thy  rich,  golden  bloom. 
Like  heaven's  fair  bow  on  high. 

Portends,  amid  surrounding  gloom. 
That  brighter  hours  draw  nigh. 

When  blossoms  of  more   varied  dyes 

.Shall  ope  their  tints  to  warmer  skies. 


I 


E 


ET  cheerfulness  on  happy   fortune 
.\nd  give  not  thus  the  counter- 


to  fate. 


^s^i^^s^ 


tfiiif 


>^f^ 


iTitillaiia    iinpcrialis.       Natirai.   OunER:  LUiacecc  —  Lily  Family. 


IMPERIAL  chessboard  is  the  significance  of  the  name  of  this 
plant  Persia,  a  land  of  roses,  of  beautiful  women,  and  of 
kingh  power  in  one  of  its  most  arbitrary  forms,  gave  it  birth ; 
md,  m  selecting  a  floral  emblem  of  imperial  sovereignt}-, 
theie  IS  an  appropriateness  in  choosing  a  native  of  that  coun- 
tr\,  which    gave    birth  to    one  of  the   earliest    of  the  world's 

^  ^fc-  ^itit  empeiois,  Cyrus,  and  where  also  a  despotism  worse  than  his 
^^J^    still  piL\  Ills       The  root  of  the  Crown   Imperial   is  bulbous,  and  when 

^    *^'^    nl  lecd   m   the  j^round   should   remain  undisturbed   tor  years   if  possible. 

^i^^^      The   lower   leaves   are   long    and   narrow,  like   most   lilies.     The  flower 

^■»iii;  ■    f^talk  rises  to  the  height  of  from  three  to  four  feet  without  leatage,  and 

ffe    on  the  summit   appear  numerous  large,  bell-shaped   flowers,  surrounding 
I     the  stem  in  a  circle,  the  mouth  of  the  flower  turned  downward.      Sur- 
mounting these  is   a  tuft  of  narrow  leaves,  which   appear  in   fine  contrast 
to  the  brilliant  color  of  the  blossom,  which  is  red  or  yellow. 


/~\H!  not  ;i  miinite,  kin<f,  thy  power  can  give; 

^^  Shorten  my  days  thou  canst  with  sullen  sorrow, 

And  pluck  nights  from  me,  but  not  lend  a  morrow; 

Thou  canst  help  Time  to  furrow  me  with  age. 

But  stop  no  wrinkle  in  his  pilgrimage; 

Thy  word  is  current  with  him,  for  my  death; 

But  dead,  thy  kingdom  cannot  buy  my  breath. 

T^HIS  was  a  truth  to  us  extremely  trite,  O^'  covet  not  the  throne  and  crown, 

Not  so  to  her  who  ne'er  had  heard  such  things;  ^^   Sigh  not  for  rule  and  state; 

She  deemed  her  least  command  must  yield  delight.  The  wise  would  fling  the  scepter  down. 
Earth  being  only   made  for  queens  and  kings.  And  shun  the  palace  gate. 

—Byron.  —Eliza  Conlr. 

TIE  is  a  king, 

A  true,  right  king,  that  dares  do  aught,  save  wrong. 

—Varslo,,. 


®mp1x^E< 


1 


l!lupl)fa    oisl'OSisStlUa.      Naturai.   Order:   Lvt/iracccv  —  Loosestrife  Family. 


VT  t;iounds  in  some  parts  of  the  United  States  produce  this 

[\      annual,  the   stems   and  calyx  of  which   are  covered  with  a 

\  i->cid    or    gummy   substance,   whence    the    epithet   viscosis- 

ni.i,    while    the    Greek    word    kiipJuea    denotes    gibbous  or 

^_  ^         I  ed,  from    the    shape    of  the    calyx.      The    flowers    appear 

^ '  ^  -'''"^1}  <it  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  the  seed  capsule  bursting  before 

I'.     The  L'uphea  platycentra  (broad-centered)  is  a  foreign  variety  grown 

a  house  plant,  which  blooms  profuselj-  at  all  seasons,  and  accomodates 

'If  to  nearly  all  locations.      Its    flowers    are    small,  scarlet,  and  tubular, 

yrkl'  with  a  black  and  white  tip. 


T^OST  tliou  so  hunger  for  my  empty  chair, 

^   That  thou  «ih  needs  invest  thee  with  my  honors 

Before  thy   liour  be  ripe?  —Shakespca 


0 


NOTHING  rash,  my  sire!     By  all  tliat  's  good 
Let  me  invoke  thee  —  no  precipitation.         —Coh-ridge 


^^ATAY, 


let  me  in,"  said  she. 
Before  the  rest  are  free. 
In  my  loneness,  in  my  loneness, 
All  the  fairer  for  that  oneness. 
For  I  would  lonely  stand. 
Uplifting  my  white  hand. 


On  a  mission,  on  a  mission, 
To  declare  the  coming  vision. 
See  inine,  a  holy  heart, 
To  high  ends  set  apart, — 
All  unmated,  all  unmated, 
Because  so  consecrated." 


—Ellznhelh  Barrel!  Brmm 


OPREAD  the  s.ails!  behold! 

^    The  sinking  moon  is  like  a  watchtower  blazi 
Over  the  mountain  yet;  — the  City  of  Gold 
Von  cape  alone  does  from  the  sight  withhold; 
The  stream  is  fleet  — the  north  breathes  steadily 
Beneath  the  stars,  they  tremble  with  the  cold! 
Ye  cannot  rest  upon  the  dreary  sea!  — 
Haste,  haste  to  the  warm   home  of  happy  destiny 
— .s 

lO.^ 


®mim^mt< 


^1 


UibcS   VUbniin.       Xaturai.  Order:    Grossulariacccc  —  Currant  Fawilv. 


OTANICALLY  named   from  a  misapplied  Arabic  word,  and 
nacularly   from    Corinth    in    Greece,   with    which    it    has    no 
cial    connection,    while    even    the    qualifying    Latin    epithet, 
'iihniiu  (red)   is  a   misnomer,   as    not  only  red   but  white   cur- 
:  ints    are   included,  it    must    be   confessed    this  excellent  shrub 
been   unfortunate   in   its   godfathers.      It   is,  however,  quite 
C"  fimiliar  to  e\eryone,  or  if  not  the}'  have  missed  one  of  the  blisses 
childhood  in   lying    under   its  branches   to   pluck   the   bright,  gleaming 
ut    hanging  like  strung  rubies  in  such  clusters  and  bountiful  abundance, 
hlled  with  a  healthful  and  agreeable  wine-like  juice.     The  flowers  are  a 
delicate  green,  and  would  be  pretty  if  of  some  brilliant  tint.    -The  yellow 
Currant,  that  grows  wild  in  Missouri  and  Oregon,  is  grown  as  a  garden 
shrub,  for  the  bright  and  cheering  flowers  that  appear  so  early  in  spring- 
time,  and   like   the    robin,   are   among   nature's  earliest    harbingers  of  her 
awakening,  and  of  earth's  returning  joy. 


Ion  J\l^%t^  J\\. 


ITER  every  tone  is  music's  own,  like  those  of  morning  birds, 

And  something  more  than  melody  dwells  ever  in  her  words; 
The  coinage  of  her  heart  are  they,  and  from  her  lips  each  flows, 
.\s  one  may  see  the  burden'd  bee  forth  issue  from  the  rose. 

— Edz'.'nrd  C.  Pittkiiey. 


'T'HY   words  had  such  a  melting  flow, 
'^    And  spoke  the  truth  so  sweetly   well. 
They  drop'd  like  heaven's  serenest  snow. 
And  all   was  brightness  M'here  thcv  fell! 


AH!  simple  is  the  spell,  I  ween, 
That  doth  that  grace  impart; 
It  dwells  its  own  sweet  self  within  — 
It  is  — a  loving  heart! 


ALL  are  lovely,  all  blossom  of  heart  and  of  mind; 

All  true  to  their  natures,  as  Nature  designed; 

To  cheer  and  to  solace,  to  strengthen,  caress, 

And  with  love  that  can  die  not  to  buoy  and  to  bless. 

—  \Vil/i,iiii 

104 


(•Indamcn  jJcrsicum.     XATrn.\i.  Ohpkh:  Primuiac 


"'ERSIA  ga\t'  birth  to  this  variety  ot  the  Cyclamen,  which, 
|.  hke  the  others  of"  the  same  genus,  is  a  bulbous  (or,  as  some 
Wj  botanists  call  it,  tuberous)  plant,  because  the  root  or  bulb  is 
solid,  like  a  turnip,  while  the  true  bulb  is  composed  of  layers, 
gj  __-  hke  the  onion,  or  scales,  like  most  lilies.  In  cultivation  they 
^-^[|^  should  not  be  too  much  watered :  and  when  not  in  bloom, 
*  should  ha\e  less.  There  are  but  tew  varieties,  and  it  is  difficult  to 
make  choice  ot"  one  possessing  advantages  above  another,  except  in 
time  ot  floweiing  —  a  tew  blooming  in  winter,  others  in  summer.  The 
foliage  of  some  is  rich  and  ^■aried:  others  send  up  their  flowers  from 
the  baic  bulb  before  the  leaves  appear.  The  Cyclamen  Persicum 
blooms  f"rom  January  to  April,  the  C.  hederctt'olium  f'rom  September 
.^■^to  December,  and  the  C.  Neapolitanum  f"rom  Juh-  to  September:  so 
with  one  of  each,  one  could  have  blossoms  almost  the  whole  year.  The  word 
Cyclamen  comes  from  the  Greek  word  kiikhs,  a  circle,  because  af"ter  the  flower 
has  withered  and  the  seed  pods  appear,  the  stalk  or  stem  begins  to  curl  like  the 
tendril  of  a  \-ine,  until  the  seed  vessel  is-  drawn  down  to  and  under  the  ground 
wht 


ripens. 


JjifFth^nt^. 


OTILL  from  the 
'^    Blushed  out  bv 

■pUT  c.vclamen 

D    Whose  pale-^ 

I  choose  to  give. 

■hite  blossoms  at  tht 

(.Ml  else  as  drive 

n   snow)  are  pink, 

And  mind  me 

of  her  perfect  lips; 

Still,  tin  this  f^o^^ 

er  is  kept  and  old, 

Its  worth  to  love 

is  vet  untold. 

veet  contusion  some  new  grace 
tealtli  and  languished  in   her  face. 

—F.usdn. 


tips 


IV  ,1  y   l.adv  comes  .it  last, 
^^   Timid  and  stepping  fast, 


And  hastening  hither. 
With  modest  eyes  downcast 
She  comes!   she's  here!    she's  past! 

May  heaven  go  with  her! 

.  -   WilUnm  .l/n/v/rar,-  Tliath-i 

T  y  XTO  Ihe  ground  she  cast  her  modest  eye. 

.\nd.  ever  and  anon,  with  rosy  red. 
The  bashful   blush  her  snowy  cheeks  did  dye.      -Sfcnser. 


M 


r 


■^^ffi 


Cs|JTies0. 


I 


X 


^orraiu. 


p 

■pE  of  comfort,  and   vour  liea\v   sorrow 
•L-*   Part  equally  among  us;  storms  divided, 

Abate  their  force,  and  with  less  rage,  are  guided. 

—//n'li'ooci. 

TT7HY  dost 
**     Why   do 


thou  come  to  me,  sorrow .- 
t  thou  darken  my  soul? 
dost  thou  point  to  a  morrow 


QH!  w. 
^  The 


Engraven  on  destiny's  scroll? 


veary  years,  ye  have  crushed  my  hopes, 
altar  fire  burns  dim  and  low ; 
In  sorrow's  night  my  s] 
Her  smiting  sh.adow 


ropes. 


-O.  G.  Hugha,, 


-EMI,  MiiUolm. 


AFTER  singing,  silence;  after  roses,  thorns; 
-^   All  the  blackest  midnights  built  o'er  golden  morns 
After  flowering,  fading;  bitter  after  sweet; 
Yello^v.   withered  stubble,  after  waving  wheat. 


I N  my  bosom  sorrow  reignetli, 

.Soul  and  sense  are  sick  with  care 
Bitterly  my  heart  complaineth. 


At  the  load  it  needs  to  be:ii 


T 


\RLING  sor 

The  man  that 


h.alh 
.■ks  at 


O  tlicre  are,  amid  earth's  pleasures, 
Hours  of  bitter  gloom  and  grief; 

When  her  dearest  worldly  treasures 
Bring  us,  so 

ss  power  to  bite 


UlavaMum    llistlJl'l)Um.       Natlr.M-   Oroek:    Conif era:  — Pine  Family. 


^WE  scepter  of  Jupiter  is  said  to  have  been  made  from  the 
wood  of  this  tree,  being  symbolical  of  the  eternity  of  his 
empire,  as  the  wood  is  almost  imperishable.  It  is  one  of  the 
largest  trees  of  the  tbrest,  having  light  green,  open  foliage, 
resembling  the  yew.  There  are  large  swamps  of  it  in  the 
.'^IPtC  Southern  States.  The  timber  is  light  and  durable.  It  is 
•ud  that  the  Athenian  heroes  and  mummies  of  Egypt  were  deposited 
1  cotRns  made  of  it,  and  the  Romans  and  all  succeeding  nations 
i,i\e  associated  it  with  mourning  and  grave3'ards.  Shakespeare  and 
mumerable  other  poets  have  immortalized  its  emblematic  meaning. 


gmffMiX, 


Xiu-cissuG  pseuiio-imrcissiui 


vUidacca: — Amaryllis  Family. 


URING  the  earlv 


spring,  as  soon  as  the  frost  begins  to  leave 
the  first  green  things  to  appear  are  the 


the   ground,  anion  r 
**-  - 

tips    of  the    tapering   leaves   of  this    plant,  in    company  with 

the  tulips,  hyacinths  and  other  early  flowering  bulbs.      Nearlj- 

all   the  species  of  the  Narcissus   produce   yellow  flowers.      The 

bot  uucal  name  is  derived  from  the  Greek  word  iiarke,  stupor,  as  it  is 

supposed    the    odor  of  some   of  them    possess    sodorific    influence   when 

mh  ikd      1  htv  require  a  more,  than   ordinarily  rich   soil,  and   the   bulbs 

should  be  iene\\ed  when  the_y  begin  to  deteriorate  through  age. 


'T'HE  champions  all  of  high  degree, 

Who  knighthood  loved,  and  deeds  of  chivali- 
Throng'd  to  the  lists,  and  envied  to  behold 


others,  not  their  oavi 


^  E,e  can  great:  mine  i, 
^'^  The  truer  lance;  but  tl" 
Xow  present,  who  will  com 
And  overcome  it;  and  in  m 
No  greatness,  save  it  be  sot 
Of  greatness  to  know  well 


the  firmer  seat, 
•re  is  man\-  a  y<. 

to  all  I  am 
;  there  dwells 
le  far-oft"  touch 


enroU'd. 


W'Z 


man  setting  his  fate  aside, 
Of  conielv   virtues: 
Nor  did  he  soil  the  fact  with  cowardice 
(An  honor  in  him,  which  buvs  out  his  fault). 
But,  with  a  noble  furv,  and  fair  spirit. 
Seeing  his  reputation  touch'd  to  death. 
He   did    oppose    his    foe.  —  Sbakt'X/'eayg. 


"T^HEY  reel,  they  roll   in  clanging  lists. 

And  when  the  tide  of  combat  stands. 
Perfume  and  flowers  fall  in  showers. 
That  lightlv  rain  from  ladies'  hands. 


^HE  daffodil  most  dainty  is. 

To  match  with  these  in  meetness; 
le  columbine  compared  to  this, 


IL 


"yi.S  much   he  dares; 

And  to  that  dauntless  temper  of  his  mind. 
He  hath  a  wisdom  that  doth  guide  his  valor. 

—  S/iateapr, 
107 


^ 


-^m 


l»htii^* 


li 


Dal)lia   mviabilcs.      Natural  Order:    Compositce  — Aster  Family. 


%DREW  DAHL,  a  native  of  Sweden,  the  friend  and  pupil  of 
Linnt-eus,  was  honored  by  having  this  magnificent  flower 
named  for  him.  It  was  introduced  into  Spain  by  the  Span- 
nids  about  the  year  1789,  from  the  sandy  plains  of  South 
^  Ameiica,  and  Humboldt,  one  of  the  world's  most-observing, 
(^enthusiastic   and   scientific  discoverers,  found   it  growincj  on 


the  elevated  plateaux  of  Mexico.  Under  cultivation  it  sports  into  a 
variety  of  hues,  blooming  freely  from  midsummer  until  late  in  fall. 
The  blossom  is  very  symmetrical  in  shape,  and  each  petal  is  arranged 
in  the  most  exquisite  order,  one  layer  above  another,  forming  a  most 
beautiful  rosette.  The  roots  are  removed  from  the  ground  as  soon  as 
the  foliage  is  destroyed  by  frost,  and  kept  in  a  dry,  warm  cellar  until 
spring. 


W 


HERE  ambition  of  place  goes  before  fitness 
Of  birth,  contempt  and  disgrace  Ibllow. 

—  Chapmn, 


IT  ERE  the  supercilious  dahlia 
In  imperial  splendor  shone, 
While,  beneath,  the  white-crowned  daisy, 
Unobtrusive,  bloomed  alone; 


I,  stooping,  kissed  the  blossom 

The  proud  dahlia  seemed  to  scorn, 

Feeling  that  within  my  bosom 
A  new  impulse  had  been  born. 

—Lucy  .V.  Sauford. 


T    KNOW'  myself  now,  and   I  feel  within   me 

A  peace  above  all  earthly  dignities; 
A  still  and  quiet  conscience.     The  king  has  cur'd  me, 
I  humble  thank  his  grace;  and  from  these  shoulders. 
These  ruin'd  pillars,  out  of  pity  taken 
A  load  would  sink  a  navy ;  too  much  honor : 
O  'tis  a  burden,  Cromwell,  'tis  a  burden, 
Too  heavv  for  a  man  that  hopes  for  heaven. 

loS 


'^m 


^^ 


gaisg. 


Bcllis  pci-CUnis.      Natlkal  Okuku:    CompositiC  — Aster  Family. 


ELLIS,  the    botanical    iianic,   is    ti-oin    tlie    Latin    //cl/iif,  prcltv, 

and   the   French   name   )ii(irgiierih\  liom   the  Latin    imii\<iaril(i, 

a  pearl;  while  the  English  name  is  from  the  Saxon  (/tei^cs-ci^c, 

^    day's  eye,  as  it  opens  early  in  the  morning.      It  is  a  delightful 

,;   little  plant,  blooming  freely  throughout  the  spring  and  summer 


j/,:^^'*^jp  "^^3  months,  and  used  in  medieval  times  to  be  worn  by  ladies  and 
S^"  knights  when  they  frequented  the  tournament.     Alcestis,  wife  of 
Admetus,  king  of  Pheree,  in  Thessah",  was  called  the  daisy  queen,  as  she 
was  supposed  to  have  been  transformed  into  this  flower. 


Jnuacriitr  niib  33cniiJi|. 

INNOCENT  luakl.  ami   Miow-wliito  flouei- 
■^    Well  are   \'e  pair'd   in    \(}iir  opening  liour 


Tims  shoiiid  tlie  ])ure 


pillLD  of  the  vear!  that 

'^     Thv  pleasant  course— « 

As  readv  to  salute  the  sun 

As  lark  or  leveret  — 


T 


HE  daisy  scatler'd  on 
A  sjolden  tuft  within 
r   fall   thai   daintv   Howt 


—  ir/iM,r. 
Thy  long-lost  praise  Ihou  shall  reyain, 
Nor  he  less  dear  to  future  tncn 
Than   in  old  time; — lliou   not  in   vain 

Art  nature*'  laN'Oi'ite.         ~\\'ordsv:orth. 

:ach  mead  and  down, 
I  silver  crown ; 
!  and  may  there  be 
oth  not  honor  thee! 


TAR  of  the  mead!  sweet  daughter  of  the  day, 
Whose  opening  flower  invites  the  morning  ray, 
om  the  moist  cheek  and  bosom's  chilly   fold 
)  kiss  the  tears  of  eve,  the  dew  drops  cold' 


.Sweet  daisy,  flower  of  love,  when  birds  are  paired. 
'Tis  sweet  to  see  thee,  with  thy  bosom  bared. 
.Smilins  in  \  irgin  innocence  serene. 
Thy   pearly  crow  n  above  thy   vest  of  green. 


-Dr,  LrydfH. 


\\  dimpled  brook  and  fountain  brim, 

The  wood-nymphs,  deck'd  with  daisies 
icir  mcnv  w.ikes  and  pastimes  keep. 
109 


trnn, 
-MilloH. 


e^ 


3Em£:eli0m. 


iJaravaCUin    Licns-lcnnis.      Natural  Order:    CoiiipusitiC— Aster  Family. 


^  ^~'"''  I  RIOUS  —  extremely  so  sometimes  —  is  the  formation  of  our 
iMiglish  words;  thus,  Dandelion  is  from  the  French  dent  dc 
lion,  this  being  itself  from  the  Latin  dens  leonis  —  each  signi- 
r\ing  lion's  tooth,  because  of  the  indentation  of  the  leaves: 
but  the  e  in  the  original  first  word  is  changed  to  </,  because 
that  approaches  nearer  to  the  sound  than  does  our  e.  There 
two  species  of  this  plant:  the  one  above  named,  and  one  called  the 
^Dwarf  Dandelion,  the  Latin  name  of  which  is  Kriegia  Virginica,  named 
Rafter  Dr.  Daniel  Krieg,  an  eminent  German  botanist,  who  visited  this 
country  to  pursue  his  th\orite  stud\'.  The  Taraxacum  (from  the  Greek 
tarasso,  I  change,  on  account  of  its  medicinal  properties)  is  larger,  and 
^'f>Hf  is  familiar  to  evervone,  as  its  golden  blossoms  gleam  bright  and  fre- 
''^*'  tiuent  through  the  grass.  The  stalks  are  round  and  hollow,  bearing 
each  a  single  flower:  and  the  seeds,  when  ripe,  possess  a  globular  fringe  of 
feathery  down,  which  buoys  them  up,  and  they  float  off"  like  the  thistle  seed  on 
the  surrounding  air.  In  spring,  when  the  leaves  are  tender,  they  are  boiled  and 
dressed  for  the  table. 


r^ANDELION,  with  globe  of  down, 
L'    The  sc:hoolbo_v's  clock  in  every  town, 
W'hich  tlie  triumt  puffs  amain, 
To  conjuie  lost  hours  back  again.  — /-^ 


ing  bloom 
perfume ; 


'pHINE  full  manv  a  pie;: 
•      Of  blossoms  lost  to  al 
Thine  the  dandelion  flowers. 
Gilt   uitli  dew  like  sun  witli  showei 

'T'HE  sunnv  days  of  childhood 
'      In  simple  joys  are  passed; 
.\nd,  like  the  early  summer  flower. 
Too  frail  and    fair  to  last. 


T^HE  singing  of  the  happy  birds 

*^     Again  I  like  to  hear: 
They  carry  back  my   memor\' 
To  many  a  bygone  \ear. 

—  .S-,  A.  .!/;»«■ 

Yet  memory,  ever  in  delight. 
Turns  to  those  happy  hours. 

When  skies  above  were  ever  bright, 

Tlie  ]>athway   strewn    with  flowers, 

—  II  ■////./«;  R.  Lavjren 


^^ 


I 


§la|rltmje. 


^airrls  In  II|^  ^uiceI. 


lirHILE  writing  verses  for  my  Ic 
**  And  there  she  stood!  I  rose  i 
'•  How  careless  to  put  out  the  light ! 
I  answered,  "  that   I  quenched   niv  1: 

'pO  gild  refined  gold,  to  paint  the  lily, 

To  throw  a  perfume  on  the  violet. 
To  smooth  the  ice,  or  add  another  hue 
Unto  the  rainbow,  or  with  taper  liglit, 
To  seek  the  beauteous  eye  of  heaven  to  garnish. 
Is  wasteful  and  ridiculous  excess.     —Slin/.-espeare. 


i,  I  looked  up  from  the  paper, 
haste,  and  overturned  the  taper, 
she  said.     "  Is  it  surprising," 

ip  when  I   saw  the  sun  arising.'' 


w; 


'HEN  first  I  saw  my  darling's  face, 
know  I  did  not  see  the  grace 

That  afterward,  unbidden. 
Seemed  filling  all  her  dainty  form. 
As  day  by  day,  love,  gently  born. 

Disclosed  some  trait  long  hidden.  _ 


A  LOVELIER  nympli  the  penci 
^  For  the  fond  Graces  form'd  1 
And  heaven's  soft  azure  in  her  ev 


'HE   hath  the  art,  ma  belie. 

To  praise  most  sweetly  well, 
Iv   in  love's  service  doth  she  u. 


For  me,  between  her  \oice 
And  all  songs  were  there  choice, 
vould 


'm> 


?Ilapl)nc   oknattX.      Natural  Order:    Thviiiclacccc  —  MczercKin  Family. 

yl,.-^'TV""<S^|v^     O^'r  ot    the  Daphnes    are   trom   tho.se  distant    climes    so   rich 

hi.xuriant    in    all    forms    of   vegetation,    Southern    Africa, 

<^    China   and  x^ustralia;   but  few  of  the  species    being   dis- 

minated    in    other    countries.      They    are    \v0rth3-    a    choice 

■j^    jMiKe    in    the    greenhouse,   window,   or   conservator}-,   as    they 

'  -  *"  bloom  in  the  bleakest  season  of  the  year,  beginning  in  Decem- 

bei   and  lasting  until  spring.      The  foliage  is  beautiful  and  evergreen, 

the   floweis   white,   abundant   and   fragrant.      Some   of  the  varieties 

ha\e  ios\    purple,  and  the  Daphne  oleoides  lilac,  blossoms.      All  are 

highly  odorilerous.     The  name  is  derived  from   the  nymph  Daphne, 

beloved  of  Apollo,  who  was  changed   into    this    plant   to  escape   his 

pursuit. 


well  rejoice  my  soul  to  choose  it.       1 3 

^Edgai-  Fa:'j,;-tt.  P  t 


MS*- 


gat'ttjel 


£olium   fieraUlC.      Natural  Okoek:    Grii?iiiiu\c  — Grass  Family. 


HE  Darnel  is   a  grass   of  a    shining  green,  found  naturalized 

in  cultivated  fields  and  meadows,  and  is  sometimes  called  Ray 

or   Rye   Darnel.      It  is  of  perennial   growth,   the   stalk  being 

from  one   to  two   feet    in    height.      The    Poisonons    Darnel    is 

a  plant   similar  to  the  above  in   appearance,  the  seeds,  which 

are    poisonous,    distinguishing    it    from    all    other    grasses    or 

k     grains,  as  it  is  the  only  one   recognized  with   that   pernicious  quality. 

The    seeds  of  the    first    species,    in    their    arrangement   on    the  stem, 

resemble  the  elaborate  stitches  in  needlework  called  herringbone. 


TitB. 


N  W/""^^'   '■■'■■'^  prevails  and  inii>ioub  men  bear  swav. 

^  The  post  of  honor  is  a  private  station.         —Addison. 

QIN,  like  a  bee,  unto  tliy  hive  may  bring  T^HERE  dNvelletli  in   tlie  sinlessness  of  vnuth 

^  A  little  honev,  but  expect  the  sting.  —^Vatkvns.  A  sweet  rebuke  that  vice  may   not  endure. 

— Mrs.  Emhitr 
IVTO  penance  can  absolve  our  guilty  fame. 

Nor  tears,  that  wash  out  sin,  can  wasli  out  shame. 


AH,  me!  from  real  happiness  we  stray,  /'"ROWS  are  fair  with  crous; 

^  By  X  ice  bewilder'd;  vice,  which  always  leads,         ^     Custom  in  sin  gives  sin  a  lovely  dye; 
However  fair  at  first,  to  wilds  of  woe.        Thompson.       Blackness  in  Moors  is  no  deformity.      .-Dckh 


AL.SEIIOOD  and  fr 
The  products  of  all 


NE'ER  heard   vet. 


Less  impudence  to  gainsay  what  they  did, 
Tli.in  to  perform  at  first.  —SImkesj 


■V  nCE  is  a  monster  of  so  frightful  mien, 
As  to  be  hated  needs  but  to  be  seen; 


Vet  seen  too  oft,  familiar 
We  first  endure,  then  pitv 


ith  her  face, 
then  embrace. 


.1 


'OINT 

•Tis  bu 


rosperous 
from,  and 


isdains. 
—Pope. 


I 


^^S 


gajl  S^ilj* 


1 


;  Cjcincroiallis  tulm.     N . 


O K 1 ) i; K  :   /, i/iiuwc  —  L i/v  J'aniilv. 


EMEROCALLIS,  meaning,  in  Greek,  the  beauty  of  a  day, 

\er\'  handsome    plant,  and   although   the  flowers   perish 

soon,    others    continually    replace    them    during   their    season. 

There  are  three  species  ot"  the  Day   Lilies.      The  first  is  an 

r^inhabitant  of  the   countries  bordering  on   the  Mediterranean, 

tall,  naked  stalk.      Another 

.ellow  blossoms.      The  third 

white   flowers  on  long   foot- 


and  has  large,  red  flowers  on 
not  so  tall  is  from  Liberia,  with   bright 
was  imported   from   Japan,  and  produce; 
1^^   stalks. 


[ijuctrrj. 


P'-'T  when   I  plead,  she  bids   me  play   my  part; 

And  when  I  weep,  she  says  tears  are  Init  water; 
Xnd  when  I  sigh,  she  says  I  know  the  art; 

And  when  I  wail,  she  turns  herself  to  laughter; 
So  do  I  weep  and  w-ail,  and  plead  in  vain, 
While  she  as  steel  and  flint  doth  still  remain. 

—Sf'eiisrr. 


T 


HEN  in  a  kiss  she  breath'd  lur  various  :i 
Ot"  triflins;  prettily  with  wounded  hearts; 
nind  tor  love,  but  still  a  changing  mind, 
•  lisp  atlected,  and  the  glance  design'd, 
■  sweet  confusing  blush,  the  secret  wink, 
;  gentle,  swimming  walk,  the  courteous  si 


The  stare  for  strangeness,  fit  for  scorn  the  frown 

For  decent  yielding,  looks  declining  down; 

The  practic'd  languish  where  well-feign'd  desire 

Would  own  its  melting  in  a  mutual  fire: 

(iay  smiles  for  comfort,  April   showers  to  movi 

And  all  the  nature  all  tlie  art  of  love. 

—Pariiell. 


'pilERE'.S  danger  in  the  dazzling  eye, 
'     That   woos  thee  with   its  witching  smile. 

Another,  when  thou  art  not  by. 

Those  beaming  looks  would   fain  beguile. 

-Vrs.  Osgoo<l. 

OR   such  i 

re  the  airs                                                   Yet  a  partial  neglect 

Of  these  1 

mciful  fairs.                                                 Soon  takes  an  effect 

hink  all  ou 

-  homage  a  debt:                                  And  humbles  the  proude 

■p^-*^,-^. 

^^^; 


^tvopa   i3cllailCinua.      Natural  Order:  Holaiiacciv — A'io-kts/iadc  Family. 


ATE   personified  (not   as  one,  but  threefold)  was  described  in 

ancient    Greek    mythology    as    three    women    with    robes    of 

^eimine,    as    white    as    snow,    bordered    around    with    purple. 

The    first    is    named    Clotho,    the    second,    Lachesis,    and    the 

thud,  Atropos  (literally,  not  turning),  because   she  is  immuta- 

\o  ble    and    unalterable.      "  To    them    is    intrusted    the    manage- 

^-  ment  of  the  thread  of  life :  for  Clotho  draws  the  thread  between 

her  fingers;  Lachesis  turns  the  wheel;   and  Atropos  cuts  the  thread. 

That  is,  Clotho  gives  life  and  brings  into  the  world,  Lachesis  deter- 

'%  mines   the   fortunes   that   shall   befal   us   here,   and  Atropos  concludes 

our  lives."     The  flower  of  this  plant  is  of  a  pale  purple,  the  berries 

of  a   glossy   black,   freely  charged   with   a    purple  juice.      The  whole 

plant    is    poisonous,    especially    the    berries.      Fortunately    it    is    not 

naturalized  in  the  United  States. 


pvEATH  is  the  crown  oflife: 

Were  death  denv'd,  poor  men   would  live  in 
Were  death  denv'd,  to  live  would  not  be  lite; 
Were  death  denv'd,  ev'n  fools  would  wish  to  dii 


pvEATH  's  but  a  path  that  must  be  trod, 
'-'    If  man   would  ever  pass  to  God. 


^HE  bad  man's  death  is  horror;  but  the  jus 
-'■    Keeps  something  of  his  glory  in  his  dust. 


'T^IIE  world  recedes;  it  dii 

Heav'n  opens  on  my  e 

With  sounds  seraphic  ring. 


BREATHE  in  the  face  of  a  maiden, 
I   kiss  the  soft  mouth  of  a  rose; 
t  not  that   I  hate  them,  but  love  them, 
'  black  wings  are  spread  tbrth  above  then 


d  Iheni   my   pinions   e 
them  so  well   thai   tin 


And 

I 
Vet  my   heart   with   tl 

And  sad  with  thei 


laden, 
-Ellis. 


1=^3^\ 


g0jft,Aier. 


1 


lEuSCUta   cpiliimm.      Natural  Order:    Couvolv/tlacac  —  Cuiivolviiliis  Family. 

UROPE  is  the  native  seat  of  the  Dodders,  which  are  of  several 

kinds,   yet    so    similar    in    nature    that    the   description    of  one 

"^gnes    an    idea    of    all.      This    plant    is    an    i'nhabitant    of  the 

helds,  being  destitute  of  foliage,  having  a  reddish  orange  stem 

^   of  a  parasitical  nature  —  that  is,  having  no  power  of  provid- 

I  "  "^    ing  nutriment  for  itself,  as  it  depends  upon  some  neighboring 

^-j  plant  aiound  which  it  twines.      The  root  then  decays,  when  it  receives 

Its   nouiibhment    from    the    plant    that    supports    it,    by  means    of  small 

projectmg    hlaments,    with    which    it    penetrates   them,    absorbing   their 

y:.    juices       This  particular  species  grows  on  flax,  whence  its  name,   from 

the  Gieek  cp/,  on,  and  //iioii,  flax;  the  origin  of  the  name  Cuscuta  is 

^      unknown.      The  flowers  are  a   vellowish  white. 


Pasjitfss 


JF  the  tea 

•"•     To  tell 


;ues,   vet  all   too  few  would  be, 
that  thou   hast  shown  to  me. 


r?OR  vicious  natures,  when  they  o 
'-  To  take  distaste,  and  purpose  no 
I'he  greater  debt  thiey  owe,  the  mort 


-T/,o. 


.V,i 


T^HE  proudest  of  you  all 
Have  been  beholden  to 


vou  would  once  plead  for  his  life 


T    COULD  stand  upright 

Against  the  tyranny  of  age  and  fortune ; 
But  the  sad  weight  of  such  ingratitude 
Will  crush  me  into  earth.  —Deiilwm. 


T    II.VVE  been  base; 

Base  ev'n  to  him  from  whom  I  did  recei 
.Ml  that  a  son  could  to  a  father  give: 
Behold  me  punish'd  in  the  self-same  kind: 
Th'   ungrateful  does  a  more  ungrateful  find. 

—Dryd 


rji.sHO 

^'    .Shou 


XOR   waits  on  iierfidy.     The-   villain 
Id  bhish  to  think  a  falsehood;  'tis  the  i 
wards,  '  -C.  John 


OEE  how  he  sets  his  countenance   for  dcce 
^  And  promises  a  lie  before  he  speaks.    — i 


^.sS- 


i 


30C1 1130011 


(EonUIS   lloritia.      Xatural  Order :    Cornaccc — Dogwood  Family. 


ROWING  in  our  Northern  States,  and  generally  throughout 
the  temperate  zone,  this  tree  is  well  known.  Anyone  living 
near  woodlands  must  be  familiar  with  its  white  blossoms  that 
lie  like  a  pall  of  snow  over  the  tree.  It  is  about  twenty  or 
twenty-five  feet  in  height,  the  body  being  small  and  covered 
with  a  rough  bark,  which  possesses  excellent  tonic  properties, 
bimiiai  to  the  celebrated  barks  of  the  cinchona  trees  of  Peru,  and 
known  as  Peruvian  or  Jesuit's  bark,  as  it  was  first  introduced  into 
medical  practice  by  the  missionaries  of  that  society.  The  name  is 
from  the  Latin  coriiu,  horn,  because  of  the  hardness  of  its  wood: 
and  florida.,  flowery. 


!|oncal^  Iru^  l|oUlHi|. 


PACH  thought  wa 
^  As  through  a  cr 
And  heaven  did  this 
Because  she  had  no 


i  visible  that  roll'd  within, 

ystal  case  the  figured  hours  are  seen; 

transparent  veil  provide 


iltv  thousrht  to  hide. 


-DiyJ.n. 


'T'HERE  still  exists  a  rank  which  tar  transceni 
The  stars  and  coronets  that  shine  in  courts 
It  takes  no  sounding  name  to  make  men  stare; 
No  blazoning  heraldry  proclaims  its  pomp; 
Its  modest  title  is,  plain  honesty. 

ONOR  and  glory  were  given  to  cherish; 
Cherish  them,  then,  though  all  else  should  dei 
ix  to  perish, 


Though  homely  be  its  garb,  though  coarse  its  fare 
And  though  it  live  unnoticed  by  the  crowd; 
Still,  spite  of  fashion's  fools,  the  honest  man 
Is  yet  the  highest  noble  of  the  land ! 


H' 


Landii 


Sta 


ks  be  these,  that  ar 
that  will  shine  on  the  duskiest 


'T'HE  gentle  mind  by  gentle  deeds  is  known, 
For  man  by  nothing  is  so  well  bewraved 
As  by  his  manners,  in  which  plain  is  shown 
Of  what  degree  and  what  race  he  is  grown. 


OUT  let  not  all  the  gold  which  Tagus 

And  pays  the  sea  in  tributary  tides. 

Be  bribe  sufficient  to  corrupt  thy  breast, 

Oi'  violate  with  dreams  th\-   peaceful  rest. 


€orallorl)na   Oilontarljna.      Naturai.  Order:   Orchldacetv  — Orchis  Fatnily. 


^N  old   woods,   from    Canada    to    Carolina    and    Kentucky,  this 
singular   plant   may  be   found.      It  consists  in    a  collection  of 
;"^^^  small,    fleshy    tubers,    connecting    and    branching    like    coral, 
*V  U      whence  it  is  called   Coral    root,  which   is  a  literal    translation 
:^.>  of  its  Greek  botanical   name;   while  odontorhiza  in  the  same 
-  ^    language    signifies    tooth    root.      It    has   no  leaves  or  verdant 
luliaj^L,  the  flower  stalk   being  fleshy,  about  a  foot   high,  with  a  num- 
ber of  flowers  in  a  long  spike.      The  color  of  the  blossom  is  brownish 
green,  with  a  white  lip  spotted  with  purple.     It  usually  grows  in  old 
woodlands  throughout  the  northern  and  middle  States. 


SPEA 
Miic 


C^  OOD   1   would  now  repay  with  gi-e.iter  good, 
^   Remain  Avithin — trust  to  thy  household  gods 
And  to  my   word  for  safety,  if  thou  dost 
As   I  now  counsel  —  but  if  not,  thou  art  lost! 

—Byrnit. 

K,  speak,  let  terror  strike  slaves  mute,  \\^  '^'^^  stands  upon  a  slippery  pla 

h  danger  makes  great  heai'ts  most  resolute.  Makes  nice  of  no  \ile  hold  to  st;; 


1     Ai 


S   have   I   shun'd  the  fire  tor  fear  of  burning; 
nd  drench'd  me  in  the  sea,  where   I  am  drown'd. 


/^UR  dangers  and  delights  are  near  allies;  T^HE  absent  danger  greater  still  appears, 

^^   From  the  same  stem  the  rose  and  prickle  rise.  Less  fears  he  who  is  near  the  thing  he  lea 

—AUyi,.  —Damn 

'yHOU  little  know'st 

What  he  can  brave,  who,  born  and  must 
In  danger's  paths,  has  dared  her  worst ! 

—^rnnr,■. 

ATOW   I   will  unclasp  a  secret  book.  As  full  of  peril  and  advent'rous  spirit, 

^       And  to  your  quick-conceiving  discontents  As  to  o'erwalk  a  current,  roaring  loud. 


I'll  read  you  matter  deep  and  dangerous;  On   the  imsteadfast  footing  of  a  spear! 

—  Shakrspec 

■gfe. '^ '^ 


J 


gw^rf  yimk 


lioustcinia    la'rillca.       NA-ntRAL  Okdek:  Rubiaccic  —  Madder  J'dnii/y. 


ILLIAM  HOUSTON,  M.  D.,  the  friend   and  correspondent 

^j   of  the  botanist  Miller,  has  received  the  distinction  of  havin^r 

>the  name  of  this  elegant   litde  plant  changed  in  his  honor. 

It  was  formerly  called  Hedyotis  from  the  Greek  hedus,  sweet, 

and  oti\  to  the  ear,  from  its  supposed  value  in  curing  deafness. 

Its   flowers    are  a   pale   blue  with   a    yellowish   center,  and   when 

found  in  large  patches,   as   it    sometimes    is,  it   gives    the    ground    quite   a 

coerulean  tinge.     The  Dwarf  Pinks  are  found  usualh-  in  low,  moist  grounds 

by  the   roadsides  and  in  the  fields,  blooming  during  most  of  the  summer. 

Some  of  the  other  varieties  have  pink  or  white  flowers. 


'T^HE  bloom  of  opening  flowers'  unsullied   beauty, 
■*     Softness  and  sweetest  innocence  she  wears, 
And   looks  like  nature  in   the   world's  first  spring. 


T": 


jels  watch  the  good  and  innocen 
ihere  they  gaze  it  must  lie  glorii 


H 


OPE 

Her 


sustain,  and  innocence  impart 
specific  to  tlie  fearless  heart. 


M 


SFORTUNE  may 
W'ho  knows  no  gi 


PAIR  sunbright  scene!  — 
^      (Not  sunny  all  — ah!  no)  —  I   love  to  dwel 
.Seeking  repose  and  rest,  on  that  green  track, 
Your  fartliest  verge,  along  whose  primrose  pal 


benight  the  wicked;  she 

ilt,  can  sink  beneath  no  fear. 

—Hnbbin^tou. 

Danced  happy  childhood,  hand  in  hand  with  Joy, 
And  dove-eyed  Innocence,  (unwaken'd  yet 
Their  younger  sister  Hope),  while  flowers  sprang  up 
Printing  the  fiviry   footsteps  as  they  passed. 


— Mrs.  Sonthey. 


H 


APPY  the  innocent  whose  equal  thoughts 
Are  free  from  anguish  .as  thev  are  from  faults. 


% 


T    AM  arm'd  with   innocence. 

Less  penetrable  than  the  steel - 

INNOCENCE 
^    False  accusat 

•ibb'd  coats 

That  harness  round  thv  warriors. 

—Maddtn. 

Tremble  at  pati 

lUcseia   lutcala.        Natural  Okder:  Rescdacccc — Mignonette  Family. 


""NOWN   familiarly  as  the  Dyer's  Weed,  but   botanically  by  the 

Latin  words  reseda,  from  its  medicinal  value  in  assuaging  pain, 

and  Iiiteola,  yellow,  from  the  dye  which  it  furnishes,  sometimes 

(.ailed    Dutch    pink,  this    plant    is    of  the    same   species    as  our 

-  well-known   garden  favorite,  the   mignonette.      Both   are  mostly 

natne  on    the  coast  of  the    Mediterranean;   this    one,   however, 

I  y^j,     h.Ls   become    partially  naturalized    in   the   United    States.      It    is    said 

that  its  flowers  follow  the  course  of  the  sun,  inclining  east,  south  and 

west  bv  day,  and  north  by  night. 


W 


|jsign. 

HEN  men's  intents  are  wicked,  their  guilt  haunts  them, 
But  when  they  are  just,  they're  armed,  and  notliing  dai 


ints  thi 


pURPOSE  is  but  the  slave  to  memory, 

Of  violent  birth,  but  poor  validity-; 
Which  now  like  fruits  unripe,  stick  on  the  tree. 
But  fall   unshaken  when  they   mellow  be. 

— S/ta^cspeare. 


—.Viddlcton. 
Lidden  do  commonly 
Proceed  from  fierce  necessity :  or  else 
From  some  oblique  design,  which  is  asham'd 
To  show  itself  in  the  public  road. 


ACTIONS  rare  and 


-Sir  Wm.  Dai 


VrOU  have  sent  so  many  posts 

Of  undertakings,  they  outride  performance 
And  make  me  think  your  fair  pretences  aim 
At  some  intended  ill,  which  my  prevention 
Must  strive  to  avert.  —Nabh. 


H 


ONE.ST  designs  justl; 


resemble  our  devotions, 
and  wait  for  the  reward. 
-Sir  Roh-rl  HnwarJ. 


W, 


HEN  any  great  design  thou  dost  intend. 
Think  on  the  means,  the  manner  and  the  end. 

—D.-liliam. 


% 


■pRING,  therefore,  all  the  forces  that  you  may. 

And  lay  incessant  battery  to  her  heart; 
Plaints,  prayers,  vows,  ruth,  and  sorrow,  and  dismav. 
These  engines  can  the  proudest  love  convert.      ~Sfe, 

119 


^^^S- 


gtijema^t.et* 


iPiospnrOS    cbciIUS.       Natural   Order:    Ebenacecv— Ebony  Family. 


NE  hundred  and  sixty  species,  most  of  which  are  found  within 
the  tropics,  are  included  in  this  order.  The  Ebonj'  is  the 
wood  of  the  above  named,  and  some  others  which  are  found 
1  Madagascar  and  Ceylon.  Its  usual  colors  are  green,  black 
ind  red,  the  black  being  the  most  valuable  when  free  from 
I J  ij^\2  rind    or  veins,    and    is    of  a  very  astringent    taste.      It    is    often 

J^v,  ,V  used  m  the  manufacture  of  chess-men  and  toys,  and  is  also  suitable 
toi  inlaid  or  mosaic  work.  In  its  green  or  unseasoned  state  it  readily 
Ignites,  owing  to  the  abundance  of  grease  it  contains,  and,  if  placed 
on  burning  coals,  yields  an  agreeable  perfume.  Sir  Samuel  W.  Baker, 
in  his  "Eight  Years  in  Ceylon,"  says:  "The  Ebony  grows  in  great 
perfection  and  large  quantity.  The  tree  is  at  once  distinguished  from 
the  surrounding  stems  by  its  smaller  diameter  and  its  sooty  trunk. 
The  bark  is  crisp,  jet-black,  and  has  the  appearance  of  being  charred.  Beneath 
the  bark  the  wood  is  perfectly  white  until  the  heart  is  reached,  which  is  the  fine 
black  ebony  of  commerce." 


T?i9f!) 


OLEEP  chains  the  earth,  the  bright  stars  glide  on  high, 
^    Filling  with  one  effulgent  smile  the  sky; 
And  ,t11  is  hush'd  so  still,  so  silent  there, 
That  one  might  hear  an  angel  wing  the  air. 


k. 


/^H,  Xight!    most  beautiful,  most  rare! 
^   Thou  giv'st  the  heavens  their  holiest  hv 
And  through  the  azure  fields  of  air 

Bring'st  down  the  golden  dew! 
For  thou,  with  breathless  lips  apart. 

Didst  stand  in  that  dim  age  afar. 
And  hold   upon  thv   trembling  heart 

Messiah's  herald  star! 


NIGHT 
God's 


is  the  time  when   nature  see 
silent  worshiper. 
And  ever  with  a  chastened  heart 

In  unison  with  her. 
I  lay  me  on  my  peaceful  cougIi, 

The  day's  dull  cares  resigned. 

And  let  my  heart  fold  up  like  flowers 

In  the  twilight  of  the  mind. 


w' 


'g'glaiitimje. 


Kosa   l"ubiC|illOSa.       Natural  Order:  Rosacav  —  liose  Family. 


I  'STY  ROSE  is  the  literal  meaning  of  the  Latin  botanical  name 
oi"  this  shrubby  plant,  the  epithet  rusty  being  applied  because  of 
:*  the  parasitic  fungus  that  attaches  to  it.  Familiarly  known  as 
I  lie  Sweetbrier,  or  Eglantine,  it  is  one  of  our  sweetest  native 
roses,  so  simple  and  unpretending  that  it  has  a  home  in  the 
hearts  of  all  lovers  of  plants.  A  golden  Eglantine,  a  violet 
and  marigold  constituted  the  three  prizes  at  the  Floral  Games  of  Tou- 
louse, the  most  ancient  in  Europe,  which  still  survive,  with  the  addition 
of  four  other  prizes,  after  the  lapse  of  more  than  four  hundred  years. 
Planted  beneath  our  windows  and  around  our  doors,  it  freights  the 
atmosphere  with  its  odor,  and  gratifies  the  eye  with  its  delicate  blos- 
soms. There  are  many  varieties  cultivated,  some  of  which  are  double. 
Its  stem  is  armed  with  stout  thorns,  and  the  color  of  the  berry  when 
ripe  is  orange  red. 


lom^. 


TTOME  is  the  sphere  of  harmony  and  peace, 

The  spot  where  angels  find  a  resting  place, 
When,  bearing  blessings,  they  descend  to  earth. 


t; 


sweet  to  hear  the  watchdog's  honest  hark 
•  deep-inouth'd  welcome  as  we  draw  near  home ; 
;et  to  know  there  is  an  eye  Avill  mark 
coming,  and  look  brighter  when  we  come. 


-Mri.  Half. 

[OME  is  the  resort 
Of  \o\e,  of  joy,  of  peace  and  p 
Supporting  and  supported,  polish'c 
And  dear  relations  mingle  into  bli 


H' 


enty,  where 


T    LOVE  that  dear  old  home!  my  mother  lived  there 
Her  first  sweet  married  years,  and  last  sad  widow'd 
The  sunlight  there  seems  to  me  brighter  far 
Than  wheresoever  else.      I  know  the  forms 
or  every  tree  and  mountain,  hill  and  deil ; 
Its  waters  gurgle  like  a  tongue  I  know;  — 
It   is   my    home.  —Mrs.  Fra,ir,s  K.  Bill/. 

121 


riM 


■^^m 


%mtt. 


SaillluiCUG    tllanaltcn.sis.       Natural  Ok  her:    Caprifoliacca:  —  Honeysuckle  Family. 


AMED  botanically  Sambucus,  this  shrub  is  known  in  Denmark 
as  the  Hyldc,  and  in  England  and  America  as  the  Elder.  Its 
scientific  name  is  closely  related  to  saiubiica,  a  musical  instru- 
ment of  the  Romans  made  from  the  wood  of  the  Elder,  trian- 
^  gular  in  shape,  and  crossed  with  strings,  the  music  of  which 
?^ -j^  was  held  in  little  esteem,  as  its  tones  were  sharp  and  shrill 
in  quality.  It  is  found  in  thickets  in  the  United  States  and  Canada, 
flowing  about  old  stumps  and  fence  corners.  The  flowers  are  small 
md  oi  a  creamy  white,  bloom  in  large  clusters  as  broad  as  a  plate, 
and  have  a  heavy,  sweetish  odor,  though  not  disagreeable.  The  ber- 
ries are  round  and  of  a  dark  purple  color,  and  full  of  juice;  they  are 
used  for  pies,  preserves,  and  also  canned  for  winter  use. 


f^al 


TN  duty  prompt  at  ev'rv  call, 

•*■     He  watch'd  and  wept,  he  prayed  and   felt,  for  ai; 

And  as  a  bird  each  fond  endearment  tries 

To  tempt  its  new-fledged  oftspring  to  the  skies, 

He  tried  each  art,  reproved  each  dull  delay. 

Allured  to  brighter  worlds,  and  led  tlie  wav. 


P^v 


RESS  bravely  onward!    not  in  vain 
our  generous  trust  in  human  kind ; 


w 


The  good  which  bloodshed  could 
Your  peaceful  zeal   shall  find. 


-Whittier. 


nith. 


^HERE  zeal  holds  on  its  even  course. 
Blind  rage  and  bigotry  retire: 
Knowledge  assists,  not  checks,  its  force, 
And  prudence  guides,  not  damps,  its  fire. 

—7.  (IV.>/,T. 


Q  PRE  AD  out  earth's  holiest  records  here, 
^    Of  days  and  deeds  to  reverence  dear; 
A  zeal  like  this  what  pious  legends  tell .' 


11 


0^ 


theme  't' 
is  reason. 


jre  mipious  to  be  calm 
ransport,  temper,  here. 


ZEA 
I!,, 


L  and  dutv  are  not  slow. 


l\ 


^i 


■gttthawtcx-'s  ^l^btsilialie^ 


% 


tlltricta    Cutctiaim.      NArrRAi.  Order:   Otiagi-aca 


'-^0^ 


UTETIA  of  the   Parisians   is   the   name   by  which  the  city  of 

P  \\  IS   was   known  to  Julius  Cfesar,   and   Lutetiana  is    therefore 

cqunalent   to  Parisian.      Circe  was,  according   to   heathen   my- 

thologv,   the    wife    of  the   king  of  the    Sarmatians,  whom    she 

^^^\5   poisoned,  and  for  which  she  was  banished  by  her  subjects. 

"   "^'°'  ^he  fled  to  Italy,  and  fell  in  love  with  Glaucus,  a  sea-god, 

who  was   in    love   with   Scylla.      Circe   poisoned   the  water   in   which 

Scylla  bathed,  and  thus  turned  her  into  a  sea-monster.     Tlie  two  words 

constitute  the  botanical  name  of  this  plant,  which  is   found  in  our  own 

country  from    Carolina    to    Illinois.      It    grows    in    damp,   shady  places. 

Its  flowers  are  rose  color,  and  small;  its  fruit  is  inversely  heart-shaped, 

having  conspicuous  hooks. 


T  F  you  can  look  into  the  seeds  of  time, 
1    And  sav  Avhich  grain  will  gio%v  and  which   «ill 
Speak  then  to  me,  who  neither  beg  nor  tear 
Your  tavors,  nor  yonr  hates.  —s/mtes/iea 


"yiS  thine  to  sing,  how,  framing  hideous  spells 

In  Sky's  lone  isle,  the  gifted  wizard  seer, 
Lodg'd  in  the  wintry  cave  with  fate's  fell  spear. 
Or  in  the  depths  of  Uist's  dark  forest  dwells; 
How  they,  whose  sight  such  dreary  dreams  engross. 
With  their  own  vision  oft  astonish 'd  droop; 
When,  o'er  the  watery  strath  or  quaggy  moss, 
They  see  the  gliding  ghosts  unbodied  troop. 
Or,  if  in  sports,  or  on  the  festive  green. 


Their  destin'd  glance  some  fated  youtli  descry. 
Who  now,  perhaps,  in  lusty  vigor  seen. 
And  rosy  health,  shall  soon  lamented  die  — 
For  them  the  viewless  forms  of  air  obey ; 
Their  bidding  heed,  and  at  their  beck  repair, 
They  know  what  spirit  brews  the  stormful  day, 
And  heartless,  oft  like  moody  madness,  stare 
To   see   the   phantom    train    their   secret   works 
repair.  —Collins. 


piTY  me!  I  am  she  whom  man 
^      Hath  hated  since  ever  the  world  began; 
I  soothe  his  brain  in  the  night  of  pain. 
But  at  morning  he  waketh  — and  all  is  vain 


^- 


-^^ 


%%xMnt^ 


^!lili)0l"iuill    CllMm.      Natural  Order:    Cotiipositcv  —  Aster  Family. 


,  CATTERED  widely  throughout  Europe  and  America,  though 

a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  the  Endive  is  of  the  same  genus  as 

the  Chicory,  already  described    on    page  82.      Its    name    in    the 

\einacular  is  a  formation  from  the  Latin  name  intybus.      It  is  an 

annual  of  a  hardy  nature,  and  is   often  cultivated  for  and  forms 

an  excellent   salad,  but  is   more  used   abroad   than  in  America. 

It  is  of  value  in  medicine,  possessing  cooling  and  anti-scorbutic  prop- 

eities.  and  French  physicians  use  it  as  a  remedy  for    jaundice.      The 

lea\es  aie  a  dark  green  and  much  curled. 


OETTER  to  hunt  in  fields  for  health  unbought, 

Than  fee  the  doctor  for  a  nauseous  draught, 
The  wise  for  cure  on  exercise  depend, 
God  never  made  His  work  for  man  to  mend. 

—Drv^l.-ii. 


W 


E  own  that  numbers  join  with  care  and  skill, 
A  temperate  judgment,  a  devoted  will ; 


Men  who 
The  painf 
P.itient  in 


;uppress  their  feelings,  but  who  feel 
I  symptoms  thev  delight  to  heal; 
ill  their  trials,  thev  sustain 


The  starts  of 
With  hearts  a 
Intent  thev  w 


reproach  of  pain; 
vith  looks  serene, 
ill  the  solemn  scene, 


Gil 


if  a  hope  should  rise  from  nature's  strife 
lid  their  skill  and  save  a  lingering  life. 


TTTHEN  nature  cannot  work,  the  effect  of  art 
For  physic  can   but  mend  our  crazy  state. 
Patch  an  old  building,   not  a  new  ci-eate. 

—Drydn. 


T  T  E  intent  on  somewhat  that  may  ease 
Unhealthy  mortals,  and  with  curious 
Examines  all  the  properties  of  herbs. 


T"' 


'HE  ingredients 'of  health  and  long  life  are 
temperance,  open  air, 
Easv  labor,  little  care. 


•  Philip  Sid. 


0 


MICKLE  is  the  powerful   grace  that  lies 
In  plants,  herbs,  stones,  and  their  true  qualities 


1 


» 


m 


5c^um   aCVf.      Xatluai.  Order:    Crassn/acdc  —  Orpine  Family. 


1 


LAN  rS    ot    this    genus    grow   in  very  thin   soil,  sometimes  in 

the  crevices  of  bare  rocks,  and,  as  the  Latin   name   indicates, 

'j  would  seem  to  be  sitting   there.      The  English   Moss,  which- 

lb   so  often  called  Wall  Pepper,  is  frequently  cultivated   as  a 

^  boi  der   for   flower  beds,  and   as   an   ornament   to  old  walls, 

J^tht    surface   of  which    it    soon    covers,  as    it    spreads   rapidly 

-■  and    1  equn  e*,    so  little    for   sustenance.      The   whole   plant  contains   an 

Kiid  juice       The  flowers  are  yellow. 


TTTHEN  the  whole  host  ot'  hatred  stood  hard  bv, 

To  watch  and  mock  thee  slirinking,  tliou  hast  sir 
With  a  sedate  and  all-enduring  eye; 

When   fortune  fled  her  spoiled  and  l;i\  orite  child. 

He  stood  unbowed  beneath  the  ills  upon  him  piled. 


'T'HE  star  ot"  the  unconquered  will 

He  rises  in  my  breast, 
Serene,  and  resolute,  and  still, 
And  calm,  and  self-possessed. 


O  fear  not  in  a  world  like  this. 
And  thou  shall  know  ere  long 

Know  how  sublime  a  thing  it  is 
To  sufter  and  be  strong. 

T^RUE  fortitude  is  seen  in  great  exploits. 

That  justice  w-arrants,  and  that  wisdom  guides; 
All  else  is  tow-ering  phrensy  and  distraction. 


-Addis, 


■^IRD  your  hearts  with  silent  fortitude, 
^  Suftering  yet  hoping  all  things. 

-Mrs.  Hem 

PORGETFUL  of  ourselves. 

Giving  but  little  heed 
To  the  confusing  strife. 
The  winding  ways  of  life, 
careful  of  its  anxious  crv  of  need. 


T  \   war  was  never  lion's  i 
In  peace,  was  never  gen 


s  rage  so  fierce; 

tie  lamb  more  mild. 

-Shakes feurt. 


Thus  we  may  meet  the  storm. 
Still  brave,  and  true,  and  strong; 
And,  like  a  golden  chain, 
Some  lives  may  take  the  gain, 

.Some  hearts  be  gladdened  by  our  simple  so 


m 


%sc».U0%xm^ 


fscallouia   VUbva.      Natural  Okdek:  Saxijragacccc  —  Sax/fraj^c  Family. 


UlTE  an  acquisition  to  the  flora  of  our  Southern  States  will 
|\  ^  be  made  whenever  these  plants  shall  become  naturalized 
|.y^  there.  They  are  native  of  South  America,  and  are  con- 
/  fined  exclusively  to  mountainous  regions.  In  cold  climates 
\Z->--  *-J  \  all  the  Escallonias  (of  which  there  are  about  seven  genera 
,i.'*-  and  sixty  species)  are  confined  entirely  to  the  greenhouse  or  con- 
servatory, but  where  the  temperature  is  warm  or  comparati\'ely  mild 
they  sur^•ive  the  winter  in  open  air.  They  are  shrubby  in  growth; 
the  leaves  are  evergreen,  appearing  alternately  on  each  side  of  the 
branches;  the  blossoms  are  scarlet,  white  or  pink,  and  are  delicate 
and  waxy  in  texture.  The  plants  require  a  light  and  friable  soil,  and 
are  said  to  bloom  and  thrive  best  when  planted  in  the  ground  in  the 
conservatory. 


ip 


uiiun. 


OPINION   i-  that 
WliJ.-h     rule.;     Hi.. 


high  and   miglity  daiiK- 
Which  rules  tlie  world;   and  in  the  mind  doth  frame 
Distaste  or  liking;    for,  in  human  race, 
She  makes  the  fancy  various  as  the  face. 


r\H,  breath  of  public  praise, 

^  Short-lived  and  vain!   oft  gain'd  without  des( 


rvPINION,  the  blind  goddess  of 
^  To  the  virtuous,  and  onlv  frit 
Undeserving  persons. 

TTE  lov'd  his  kind,  Init  sought  the  love  of  few;       T  ET  not  opinion  make  thy   judgment  e 
^  ^    And  valued  old  opinions  more  than  new.  ^  The  evening  conquest  crowns  the  co 


As  often  lost 


tools, 
friend  to 

Chapnu 


■\7'ET  in  opinions  look  not  always  back;  /^PINION  governs  ;dl  mankind, 

1     Your  wake  is  nothing,  mind  the  co.ning  track.  ^'  Like  the  blind's  leading  of  the  blind. 


r\ll,  he  sits  on  high  in  all  the  people's 
^^    And  that  which  would  appear  offense 
His  countenance,  like  richest  alchemy. 
Will  change  to  virtue  and  to  worthiness. 
-Sim. 

i:6 


f- 


Xerantl)cmuin   aimuuill.      Natural  Order:    Co///pos/icc — Aster  Family. 


NUSUAL    favor   marks    the    progress   of  this    class   ol    plants, 
*     which    is    steadily   advancing    in    the  estimation   of  flower    fan- 
ciers;   for    where    a    few   jears    ago   we    had    only   the    Gom- 
phrena,  we  now   have   a  dozen   different    kinds,  all    interesting, 
-^    ,^_^.  and    most   excellent    for   winter   bouquets    on    account   of  their 
'^■^imperishable   flowers.      They  are   noticeable,  when  the   flower 
IS  expanded,  for  the  lack  of  moisture  in  their  petals,  being  crisp  under 
the    fingers,  whence    their   botanical    name,   signifying,   in   Greek,  a   drj- 
flower.      They  usually  bloom    solitary,  or  one  on   a   stem.      The   colors 
of  the  various  kinds  are  rose,  white,  purple,  yellowy  and  red,  each  kind 
of  plant  having  a  varietv  of  colors.      Most  any  seedsman  would  gladly 
furnish   their  names,  and    the   cultivator  would  e.xperience  a  new  sensa- 
tion in  seeing  them   bloom.      For  winter  use   they  should  be  cut  when 
most  pertect,  and  dried  in  the  shade. 


"pi.S  the   Divinity  that  stirs  within  us, 

'Tis  Heav'n  itself  that  points  out  an  hereafter. 
And   intimates  eternity  to  man.  -AJitisou. 


^HE  dream,  wh 

ich  tells  me  life  i 

Fc 

retelU 

its  e 

id  less  day; 

e  mind,  x 

hich 

wakes  one  thoug 

Ma 

•  never  know  decav. 

ove 

those 

dreai 

IS  which  link  to 

Tlx 

soul 

with 

friendly  ties: 

s  shor 


Though  sin  inake>  dark  the  vale  of 
These  brighten  distant  skies. 

Oh !  when  the  spirit,  freed  from  clay 
Its  wings  impatient  furls. 

How  will  it  soar  in  haste  away. 
To  live  in  mvstic  worlds! 


f^ 

^c'^. 


'pHE  eternal  life  beyond  the  sky. 
^     Wealth  cannot  purchase,  nor  the  high 

And  proud  estate; 
The  soul  in  dalliance  laid — the  spirit 
Corrupt  with  sin  —  shall  not  inherit 

A  joy  so  great.  -From  Ihe  Sfa, 


i! 


^m|rat0rimm.. 


(JrupatOVium   clciians.      Natural  Order:    Compositor —  Aster  Family. 


jr^^^^r^  "ERY  few   of  these   plants    are    under  cultivation,  and  though 
i'  the  species  is  quite  numerous,  they  are  with  few  exceptions 
/      entirely  unattractive.      The   Eupatorium   elegans  is   admitted 
to    the   greenhouse    for   its    Iragrant   flowers,   which    are   white: 
the    Eupatorium    aromaticum,    also    admired    for    its    odor,    has 
floweis  of  the  same   color,  which   bloom   in   the  fall.      The  boneset 
and    hoai  hound   belong    to    this    same    family,   and,  though    useful,  are 
homely   herbs.      They   are   said    to   have   been   named    tor   Mithridates 
the  Great  (^also   called    Eupator,   that   is,    of  a    noble    father,    or  well 
born),  king  of  Pontus,  who  brought  about  a  war  with  the  Romans, 
and  when   conquered  by  Pompey,   and  conspired   against  by  his  own 
son,  Pharnaces,  rather  than  be  taken  prisoner  by  the  Romans,  com- 
mitted suicide  by  taking  poison,  b.  c.  6t,. 


|.k,. 


0 


H,  my  good   lord,  that  comfort  comes  too  late: 
'Tis  like  a  pardon  after  execution.  —Shakespei 


'T'.HINK  not  tomorrow  still  shall  be  your  car 

Alas!  tomorrow  like  today  will  fare. 
Reflect  that  yesterday  's  tomorrow's  o'er, — 
Thus  one  "tomorrow,"  one  "tomorrow"  more 
Ha\e  seen  long  years  before  them  fade  away, 
And  still  appear  no  nearer  than  today. 

-Giffoyd. 

yjcivR.  gift 

*    And  falls, 


TJOIST  up  sail  while  gale  doth  last. 

Tide  and  wind  stay  no  man's  pleasin-e: 
Seek  not  time  when  time  is  past, 

Sober  speed  is  wisdom's  leisure. 
After-wits  are  dearly  bought. 
Let  thy  fore-wit  guide  thy  thought. 


:s  princely,  but  it  comes  too 
like  sunbeams,  on 


OMISSI 


5IOX  to  do  what  is 
Seals  a  commission  to  a  blank  of  danger; 
And  danger,  like  an  ague,  subtly  taints 
Even  then   when   we  sit   idly  in  the  sun. 

-Sliakfspear,: 


H' 


E  came  too  late!     Neglect  had  tried 
Her  constancy  too  long; 
Her  lo\e  had  yielded  to  her  pride. 
And  tlie  deep  sense  of  wrong. 

— Elizabeth  Bogarl. 


J^t^ 


r 


■guyburlria;. 


(JrUflljOrbia   Sfilcillicns.      Natural  Order:  Eiiphorbiacc.c  — Spurge  Family. 


■^WiS.  is  a  class  of  plants  that   are  widely  dispersed.      Many 
'I     of  them    are    entirely  wanting   in   beauty  or  any  other  quality 
-  '   to  leLommend  them   to  notice,  particularly  those   found  in   the 
tempeiate    regions    of    North    America.       The    few    admitted 
\Mthin  the  precincts  of  the  conservator}-,  greenhouse  or  dwell- 
ing aie    from    the   tropics,   chiefly  from   South  America.      The 
above  \ariety  much  resembles  some  of  the  Cacti;   the  stem  is  thick, 
fleshy  and   branching,  and  fortified  with   strong,   sharp  thorns.     The 
lea\es  are  few  and  oval;    the  flowers  small,  but  of  a  brilliant  scarlet. 
It   is  a  native  of  Madagascar,    and    is  only  grown   as   a  greenhouse 
or  parlor  plant,  where    it    can    have    heat    in  winter.      According    to 
Pliny,  it  was  named  b}'  Juba  II.,  the   king  of  Mauretania,  in  honor 
of  his  physician,  Euphorbus. 


COME  did  :dl  tiillv  with  just  sharpne^^  blame. 

While  others  laughed,  and  scorned  them  into  shame; 
But,  of  these  two,  the  last  succeeded  best. 
As  men  aim  risrhtest  when  thev  shoot  in    jest. 


pvEAR  heart,  tor  who 
Counting  as  beads 


each  slowly-lagging  day, 
What   joy  detains  thee?     In  what  distant  sphere 
Art  thovi  content  to  keep  so  long  away  .•' 

—  'Joel  Benton, 


R' 


EPRO\'E   not  in  his  wrath  incensed  man. 
Good  coimsel  comes  clean  out  of  season  ther 
But  when  his  fury  is  appeas'd  and  pass'd. 
He  will  conceive  his  fault  and  mend  at  la^t. 

—Raiidolfli. 


PORBEAR  sharp  speeches  to  her.     She  's  a  lady 

So  tender  of  rebukes  that  words  are  strokes, 
And  strokes  death  to  her.  — Shakes} 


fi 


Prithee  forgive  me; 
chide  in  jest;   the  best  loves  use  it 
;s:    it  sets  an  edge  upon  affection. 

—.MiddUl 


How  dare  you  let  your  voice 
Talk  out  of  tune  so  with  the  voice  of  God 
In   earth  and   sky.'  —Mrs.  Osgood. 


m 


«^^ 


1 


(IrutOCa   Xiisciba.      Natural  Order:  Hydrofhyllacca: — Water  leaf  Family 


VLIFORNIA  is  the  native  seat  of  this  charming  little  annual, 

which  has  proved  quite  attractive  and  desirable  for  the  various 

shades  of  the  blue  flowers,  which  retain  their  freshness  well 

when   severed   from  the  plant   for  bouquets.      There  is  some 

diversity  in   their   habit,   some   being  erect  or  almost    so,   and 

others  are   represented  in  botanical  works  as  nearly  procum- 

icnt.      The  flowers  are  tubular  bell-shaped,  about  an  inch  long,  blooming 

in    racemes.     There    are    a    few  novelties    in    this    genus  with   different 

colored  floweis,  some  of  which  are  biennials.     They  bloom   freely,  but 

require  a  light  soil. 


%  iifi. 


AND  his  gift,  though  poor  and  I 
Yet  may  prove  an  angel  holv 

ACCEPT  of  tliis;  and  could   I  add  beside 
^^  What  wealth  the  rich  Peruvian  mountains  hide; 
If  all  the  gems  in  eastern  rocks  were  mine, 
On  thee  alone  their  glittering  pride  should  shine. 
—Lyttlelon. 


it  may  seem  to  other  eyes, 
a  pilgrim's  guise.         —Whittier. 

T    FORM'D  for  thee  a  small  bouquet, 

A  keepsake  near  thy  heart  to  lay. 
Because  'tis  there,  I  know  full  well 
That  charity  and  kindness  dwell. 


QHE  prizes  not  such  trifles  as  these  are: 

The  gifts  she  looks  from  me  are  pack'd  and  lock'd 
Up  in  my  heart,  which   I  have  given  already. 
But    not   delivered.  —Shakesfenn: 


T   GAVE  the  jewel  from  my  breast, 
A    She  played  with  it  a  little  while 


As   I   sailed  dow: 
Fed  bv  he 


Then  weary  of  it  —  far  from  land, 

With  sigh  as  deep  as  destiny. 

She  let  it  drop  from  her  fair  hand 

Into  the  sea.  — yean  Ing^eloiu. 


w 


IN  her 
Dumb 


ith  gifts,  if  slie  respects 
■wels  often,  in  their  sile 


vords ; 


More  quick  than  words  do  n 
130 


voman's  mind. 

^Shakespeare. 


m 


s^ 


i 


^8^lrriiglit< 


(!;U)j|)Oliua    l)1ipci"uilolia.       Xatuual  Order:   EiiphorbiaccLV.  —  Spurge  Family. 


\  EBRIGHT  is  a  simple  little  plant  found  in  dry  soils  in  the 
United  States.  It  is  an  annual,  about  a  foot  and  a  half  high, 
with  smooth,  purple  stem,  and  leaves  marked  with  oblong 
h  lilotches.  The  blossoms  are  white,  appearing  in  clusters  dur- 
—^^  mg  the  summer.  A  medicine  prepared  from  it  was  formerly 
used  for  diseases  of  the  ej^e.  There  is  also  another  plant 
(.ailed  E}tbiight,  a  native  of  the  White  Mountains,  with  bluish-white 
flowers  appearing  in  spikes.  Its  classic  name  is  Euphrasia,  meaning 
cheerfulness,  in  Greek,  from  the  same  root  as  Euphrosyne,  one  of  the 
three  graces. 


four  ?^^s  ar^  Jcuiilt|ing» 

AND  then  her  look  — O,  where  's  the  heart  so  \vi 
■^  Could,  unbewilder'd,  meet  those  matchless  eye 
Quick,  restless,  strange,  but  exquisite  withal, 

Like  those  of  angels.  —Moore. 


QOME  praise  the  eyes  they   lev 

^    As  rivaling  the  western  star; 

But  eyes  I  know  well  worth  to  i 

A  thousand  firmaments  afar. 


to  see. 


-'John  Stirling. 


'TTHOSE  laughing  orbs  that  borrow 
^    From  azure  skies. the  light  they  weai 
Are  like  heaven  —  no  sorrow- 
Can  float  o'er  hues  so  fair. 

—.Mrs.  Osgood. 


w 


'INE  things  to  sight  required  are: 
The  power  to  see,  the  light,  the  visible  thing. 
Being  not  too  small,  too  thin,  too  nigh,  too  far, 
Clear  space  and  time,  the  form  distinct  to  bring. 

-Sir  J.  Davies. 

T    NEVER  saw  an  eye  so  bright.  And  sometimes  swam  in  tears; 

And  yet  so  soft  as  hers;  It  seem'd  a  beauty  set  apart 

It  soinetimes  swam  in  liquid  light.  For  softness  and  for  sighs 


ITER  eyes,  in  he; 

^    Would  througl 
That  birds  would  ^ 


-.Mrs 

Welb 

region  stream  so  bright 

link  it  were  not  night 

■K\ 


^^mmjel* 


3^1ietl)Um   qraiU'olcuS.      Natural  Order:    UinbcUifera:  —  Parsley  Family. 


'ENNEL,  also  called  Dill,  is  found  in  country  gardens  along 
with  coriander,  anise  and  caraway,  all  of  which  produce  seeds 
'valuable  for  their  pungent  and  aromatic  flavor.  The  Fennel 
grows  abundantly  along  the  chalk  cliffs  of  England  in  a  wild 
~i  and  uncultivated  state.  Another  species  is  cultivated  to  a 
i;-3o  great  extent  in  Italy.  It  is  also  found  wild  in  the  United 
States,  and  once  introduced  it  propagates  itself  for  years.  The  leaves 
iare  much  divided,  and  spread  out  like  a  fine,  thready  plume.  The 
flowers  are  small  and  yellow,  blooming  in  umbels  like  the  parsnip. 
(Its  botanical  name  is  from  the  Greek  anethon,  through  the  Latin 
anethum,  both  signifying  Dill  or  anise;  and  graveolens  (Latin),  heavy- 
smelling.  Fennel  is  {rom /cenictdum,  Latin  diminutive  oi fanum,  hay; 
the  etymology  of  Dill  seems  lost;  the  Anglo-Saxon,  German  and 
Danish  have  the  word  substantially  in  the  same  form,  but  of  what  significance 
is  not  known. 


Hcril^il  all  Prnis^. 

'T'O  sing  thv  praise,   would   he.iv'n  niv  breath  prolong, 

Infusing  spirits  worthy  such  a  song, 
Not  Thracian  Orpheus  should  transcend  m_v  lays.     —Drydei. 


H 

Spokf 


E  gave  you  all  the  duties  of  a  man; 
Trim'd  up  your  praises  with  a  princely  tongue, 


like  a  chronicle; 


Making  you  even  better  than  hi: 


—Shakespei 


loved,  or  warmly  sought, 
^      Enfeebles  all  internal  strength  of  thought; 
And  the  weak  soul,  within  itself  unblest. 
Leans  for  all  pleasure  on  another's  breast. 


—Goldsmith. 


N  praise  so  just  let  ev'ry  \ 
■    And  fill  the  general  choru 


VTATURE  did  her  so  much  right 
■'■'  .\s  she  scorns  the  help  of  art; 
In  as  manv  virtues  dioht 


s  of  mankind ! 

-Pop.: 

As  e'er  yet  embraced  a  heart. 
So  much  good  so  truly  tried. 
Some  for  less  were  deified. 


-William  Brozune. 


m 


■^^^ 


^igclla   SlamaSCma.       Xatiral  Order:  RaniuiculacciV  —  Crouifoot  Family. 

\  NATIVE  of  the  south  of"  Europe  and  the  Levant,  deriving 

its    distinctive    epithet    from    the    world-renowned    and    ancient 

"Damascus,    this    curious    annual    is    grown    as    an    ornamental 

(lower  in  gardens  and   borders  of  walks.      It  is  called  Nigella 

,;.  from  its  black  seeds,  and  has  a  variety  of  popular  names  — 

■'f^  Love-in-a-mist,    Devil-in-a-bush,   and    Ragged    Lady.      The 

\Wi^  blossoms    of  the    different  "kinds    are    purple,   blue,   and  white.      They 

l"^»   bloom  single  or  solitary,  and  are  encircled  with  fine,  feather-cleft  leaves, 

like  the  foliage  on  other  parts  of  the  plant,  which  much  resembles  the 

.     -    iiiimatic  garden  fennel. 


1 


%x\\Xx 


^\- 


w 


A-i 


vroi 

1    Y 


I  AT  's  the  bent  brow,  or  neck  in  thought  reclin'd? 

The  body's  wisdom  to  conceal  the  mind. 

,n  of  sense  can  artifice  disdain, 

len  of  wealth  may  venture  to  go  plain.  —I'mi/tg. 

iTHERS  bv 


JOV  talk  to  me  in  parables;  ZITHERS  bv  guiltv  artifice  and  arts 

'ou  may  have  known  that  I'm  no  wordy  man;  "    Of  promised  kindness  practice  on  our  hearts 

Fine  speeches  are  the  instruments  of  knaves.  With  expectation  blow  the  passion  up; 

Or  fools,  that  use  them  when  they  want  good  sense.  .She  fans  the  fire  without  one  gale  of  hope. 


0 


-Ot'.fay. 

—Gramilli. 

.SERPENT  heart,  hid 

with  a  Ho 

vering  face! 

Did  ever  dragon  keep 

so  fair  a  c 

ave .'           —SiMkespeart. 

pATIENCE!  I  yet  may  pierce  the  rind 
Wherewith  are  shrewdly  girded  round 
The  subtle  secrets  of  his  mind. 


A  dark,  unwholesome  core  is  bound, 
Perchance,  within  it.     Sir,  you  see, 
Men  are  not  what  they  seem  to  be. 


-Paul  H.  Havne. 


^^- 


'pHEN  quit  her.  my  friend! 
Your  bosom  defend, 
Ere  quite  witli  her  snares  you're  beset. 
—Byr. 

1.33 


\! 


^Utigvamina  Vl)i?0pl)ulla.      Natural  Order:  Filices  —  Fcrn  Family. 


HAT  is  more  beautiful  than  the  gracefullj-  sweeping  Fern, 
lit  clothes  the  ragged,  rocky  clitTs,  hanging  like  so  many 
lumes  from  every  crevice,  to  catch  the  moisture  of  the 
1j  iiiiiid  spring  that  slips  out  to  trickle  over  the  green  moss 
^^^;^  and  hide  in  its  bosom?  Oh,  marvelous  is  nature  in  her  sim- 
s  pkst  simplicity!  The  Walking  Fern  is  one  of  the  rare  ones, 
to  be  iound  in  locky  woods.  The  frond  or  leaf  is  about  six  or  seven 
inches  in  length,  and  its  peculiarity  consists  in  bending  the  long,  slender 
tip  backward  until  it  reaches  the  ground,  when  it  takes  root,  from  which 
a  plant  arises  the  following  year.  The  botanical  names  were  probably 
given  it  because  of  its  peculiarities,  and  denote,  in  Greek,  root-leaved 
counterpart  or  transcript. 


iuriosil^. 


>HE  enquiring  spirit  will  n 
We  would  make  certain 


>t  be  control  I'd; 
II,  and  all  behold. 

—  Sprafftti^. 


'pHE  skic^^  in  tht 
^     A  cluster  of 


stars  hangs  like  fruit  in  the  tree, 
The  fall  of  the  water  comes  sweeter  comes  clearer; 
To  «hat  art  thou  list'ning,  and  what  dost  thou  see.' 
Let  the  star-clusters  glow, 
Let  the  sweet  waters  tlow. 
And  cross  quickly  to  me. 

—  'Jean  Ingelmv. 


OEARCHING  those  edges  of  the  universe, 
We  leave  the  central  fields  a  fallow  part; 


To  feed  the 
And  st.ir 


v-e  more  precious  things  amerce, 
e  the  darkened  heart. 

—  Jrait  Tilifelovj, 


'HRO'  the  buzzing  crowd  he  threads  his  wav. 
To  catch  the  flying  rumors  of  the  dav. 

-Spra/rue. 


'URIOSITY!    who  hath  not  felt 

'  Its  spirit,  and  before  its  alt.ar  knelt.' 


ONCEAL  yersel'  as  we. 
cal  dissection ; 
keek   thro'  everv  other 


Wit 


lengthen 'd,  sly 


—  Spraffjte, 

•pUT  love  is  such 

•L^    I  cannot  find  it 

For  when   I   think   I' 

Then   I  am  mos( 


'34 


w 


^ctjjcrfjctti. 


fllatmaria   partljCnium.      Natural  Order:   Comfosita:— Aster  Fatnily. 


■/fTT"^^  YRETHRUM  (hot,  or  spicy,  from  the   Greek  pur,  fire)  was 
y    i  'j!)|i\lf  formerly  the  botanical   name  of  this  plant,   but  the   classifica- 
M/  tion  of  Tournefort  has  recently  been  given  precedence,  and  it 
I    -^Jm  is  now  called    Matricaria,  from  its   supposed  value    in   certain 
J[      forms  of  disease.      The   English  name,  identical  in  meaning 
^f^  w ith  febrifuge,  or  fe\er-dispelling,  from  its  medicinal  proper- 
ties,  IS    familiar    to    all.     It   is    a  very  desirable    plant   for   the    garden, 
continuing   in    bloom   the   entire   season.      The   double  variety  is  as   full 
^^  of  petals  as  a  dais}-,  and  is  most  excellent  where  many  cut  flowers  are 
'^'■^  desired       It    is    in    great    favor    among   florists,    as    the   white    blossoms 
retain  their  freshness  for  a  considerable  time,  even  though  out  of  water. 
There    are   varieties   with    red    flowers    mentioned,  but   they  are   not   as 
A-frequent  in  cultivation. 


■firOULD'ST  thou  tVoTO  sorrow  find  a  sweet  relief, 
•*    Or  is  tliv  heart  oppress'd  ivith  woe  untold; 
Balm  would'st  thou  gather  .for  corroding  grief, 

Pour  blessings  round  thee  like  a  shower  of  gold. 


TiriTH  a  look  of  sad  content 

Her  mite  within  the  treasure-heap  she  cas 
Then,  timidly  as  bashful  twilight,  stole 
From  out  the  temple.     But  her  lowlv  gift 


—  Carlos  Wikox. 

Was  witnessed  by  an  eve  whose  mercy  views 
In  motive  all  that  consecrates  a  deed 
To  goodness;    so  He  blessed  the  widow's  mite 
More  than  the  gifts  abounding  wealth  bestowed. 
— MoHtc^omrry. 


T 


HE  charities  that  soothe,  and  heal,  and  bless, 
Are  scattered  at  the  feet  of  man  like  flowers. 


'pfnNK  not  the  good. 

The  gentle  deeds  of  mercy  thou  hast  done. 
Shall  die  forgotten  all ;   the  poor,  the  pris'ner. 


—  \Vords~,'<orth. 

The  fatherless,  the  friendless  and  the  widow. 

Who  daily  own  the  bounty  of  thy  hand. 

Shall  cry  to  heaven,  and  pull  a  blessing  on  thee. 


-Ro-; 


1 


1.35 


ir 


m 


"^iv  ^alsHW 


Tillies   luilsaiuca.      Natural  Ordek:    Coiiifera- — Pine  Family. 


ALSAMIC  FIR  (or  Fir  ]5alsani  for  the  sake  of  euphony)  sends 

out  its   branches   in  an    ahnost    horizontal    line   from    the  trunk, 

^  the  hne  shape  bein<r  formed   bv  the  gradual  diminution  of  the 

,    length  of  the  branches  until   it    reaches   the   apex,  thus   gi^■ing 

a  pyramidal  outline  to  its  form.      The  leaves  are  white  on  the 

[l^^^^^K  ^    ^-i  low  er  surface,  and  green  abo\-e.      The  sap  or  resinous  juice  is 

y^/T       G  "  obtained  from   the   bark,  from  which   it   exudes,  being   about  the 

onsistencN    ol    thick   honew  of  a   light   amber   tint.      It  is   useful   medici- 

'^^  mlh     iioth  inteinallv  and  externally. 


R 


AH!  what  avail   the  largest  gifts  of  heaven, 

'-      When  drooping  health  and  spirits  go  am 

How  tasteless,  then,  whatever  can   be  given! 

Health  is  the  vital  principle  of  bliss. 

And  exercise  of  health.     In  proof  of  this. 


EASON'S  whole  pleasure,  all  the  joys  of  sense, 
Lie  in  three  words,  health,  peace,  and  competence. 

—Pofe. 
Behold  tlie  wretch  who  slugs  his  life  awav, 
Soon  swallow'd  in  disease's  sad  abyss; 
While  he  whom  toil  has  brac'd,  or  manly  pla 
Has  light  as  air  each  limb,  each  thought  as  cl( 


-  Thomsi 


w 


HAT  health  promotes,  anc 
Is  all   expenseless,  and  pre 


'piIE  surest  road  to  liealth,  s:iy  what  the 

Is  never  to  suppose  we  shall  be  ill. 
Most  of  those  evils  we  poor  mortals  know 
From  doctors  and  imagination  flo 


Clmrchill. 


—Sir  R.  BInrkmorr. 

then,   whatever  cheerful  and  serene 
■ipports  the  mind  supports  the  bod^    too. 
lence  the  most  \  ital  movement  mortals  feel 
s  hope;   the  balm  and   life-blood  of  the  soul. 


k:: 


— Dr.  'John  Armslroug. 


N' 


ATURE  does  require 
Her  time  of  preservation, 
I,  her  frail  son  amongst  my  1 
Must  give  attendance. 


REMEMBER,   I  rememb 
The  fir  trees  dark  and  Ir 


jiertorce, 
brethren   mortal, 

— Shakespeare, 

I  used  to  think  their  slender  tops  . 

Were  close  against  the  sky.        —Leigh  Hunt.  i 


'IfUnj?. 


% 
ii 


iiilUtm   usitatissiimim.      Natural  Okdkr:  Liiiacccc—Flax  Faviilv- 


OMPARED  with  plants  not  grown  directly  for  food,  the  Flax 
is  probabhr  the  most  useful  as  well  as  the  most  ancient  known 
to  man.      In  various   parts  of  the  world  it  is   grown   in   large 
quantities,  forming  the  industry  of  a  large  population,  furnish- 
ing employment  both  summer  and  winter  in  raising,  gathering 
and  caring  for  the  crop,  considerable  attention  being  required 
in    preparing   the   liber  for  the    manufacturing  arts.      The   fields   have   a 
fine  appearance  when  the  Flax  is  in  bloom,  presenting  an  uninterrupted 
blue  surface   to  the  eye   that  is   truly  pleasing.      There   are   some   hand- 
some  varieties  of  tropical    Flax   for  both   garden   and    greenhouse,   with 
flowers   of  scarlet,   j-ellow,   white,   and    rose   color,   some   of  them    being 
perennial. 

Jjam^slit  |nbuslri|. 

TITHAT  happiness  the  rural  maid  attends, 

In  cheerl'nl   labor  while  each  day  she  spends 
She  gratefully  receives  what  heaven  has  sent, 
And,  rich  in  poverty,  enjoys  content.  —Gov. 


\JEAT  little  housewife,  so  demure, 
^    Plying  the  needle  swift  and  sure, 

In  quiet  places, 
What  charm  is  in  those  darksome  eyes, 
What  magic  in  your  beauty  lies. 

And  lovely  graces! 

OWEETER  and  sweeter, 
*^  Sort  and  low. 
Neat  little  nymph. 

Thy  numbers  flow. 
Urging  thy  thimble. 
Thrift's  tidy  symbol. 
Busy  and  nimble. 

To  and  fro; 


No  sound  to  break  your  gentle  dream; 
Those  lily  hands  from  seam  to  seam 

Are  ever  stirring; 
All  hushed  —  as  summer's  noonday  hour. 
When  sleep  the  bee,  and  leaf,  and  tlower- 

Save  pussy's  purring. 

Prettily  plying 

Thread  and  song. 
Keeping  them  flying 

Late  and  long. 
Though  the  stitch  linger, 
Kissing  thy  finger. 

Quick — as  it  skips  along. 


J 


li 


bisCUS   (Erionum.      Nati'ral  Order:  Malvacccr  —  Mallov.'  Family. 


\   \NESCENT,  as  its  familiar  name  indicates,  this  handsome 
mnual  was  imported  some  years  since  from  Italy;   its  botan- 
ical   name    is   made  up   of  the    generic    hibiscus,   or  mallow, 
iiid  Trionum,  of  the  constellation  known  by  that  name  to  the 
'i^ ^Romans,    and    to   us    as    Charles's   Wain.      The    flowers    are 
similar    in    shape    to    the    single    hollyhock    blossom,    and    are 
about  two  inches  across  the  top,  the  petals  being  a  sulphur  or  green- 
ish }ello\\,   and   the   base  of  each  a  rich   maroon   brown.      There   are 
vaiious   otiier   plants   and    shrubs   under   the   general   name   Hibiscus, 
some  of   which   in  the   South   Sea   Islands   grow  sufficiently  large  to 
be  used  with  the  bamboo  in  the  erection  of  houses,  such  as  the  peo- 
ple  ot    th  It  latitude  require.     They  thrive  best  in  moist,  sandy  soil. 


IriOtng  J^atii^, 


T 


Rl'ST 
Boaut\ 


hut  soon  the  charm  will  pass. 

—Drydc, 


T 


I  AT  transitory  flower,  even  while  it  lasts. 

Palls  on  the  roving  sense  when  held  too  near. 
Or  dwelling  there  too  long;   by  fits  it  pleases, 
And  smells  at  distance  best;    its  sweets,  familiar 


By  Ircqucnt 


D 


dull  and  do 

-J'f'^ry. 

O  not  idolatrize;   beauty's  a  flower 
Which  springs  and  withers  almost 


TOVE  raised  on  beauty  will  like  that  decay; 
'-'  Our  hearts  may  bear  its  slender  chain  a  day, 


TDEAUTY,  sweet  love,  is  like  the  morning  dew. 
Whose  short  refresh  upon  the  tender  green 


flow'ry  bands  in  wantonness  are  worn  — 
norning's  pleasure,  and  at  evening  torn. 


time,  but  till  the  sun  doth  show, 
gilt  is  gone,  as  it   liad   never  been. 


TOVE  built  on  beauty,  soon  as  beauty 
Choose  this  face,  changed  bv   no  d< 


•nEAUTY,  like  the  fair  Hesperian  tree,    [guard 
Laden    with    blooming    gold,    had    need    the 
Of  dragon. watch  with  unenchanted  eye, 
To  save  her  blossoms  and  defend  her  fruit 
From  the  rash  hand  of  bold  incontinence. 

—Millnn. 


^0mr^0^icl«3f.cli. 


V 


illirrtbilis   iJiUitpu.      Natural  Order:  Ayctaginacca — Four-o'clock  Family. 


'i  XiJ     Pi^  ^  ^l^f^"^   *^    from    the   roots  of  this    plant,   which    is    a  native   of  the 
^^ ^       ^L^Vi      West   hidies,  that   the  Jalap  of  commerce   is  obtained.      The 


'       '^  ^      stem  is  about  two  feet  high,  having  numerous  branches,  with 

^^i^  I     smooth,  oval,  pointed  leaves,  and  tuberous  root.      Its  flowers 

^1      ji»J^^   aie  large,  blooming  in  clusters,  verj-  sweet  and  fragrant,  and 

^       '  *   ■'Vi*   \arious  in  colors.      This,  with  the  few  species   from  Mexico, 

.^|f\      all   open    about   the    time   of  day  their   name    indicates,   and    continue  a 

>~M:   pel  feet    succession    of    bloom    during   the    whole    summer.      The    plants 

^^^^    bloom  bettei   the  second  3-ear,  if  the  roots  are  removed  to  a  dry  cellar 

*^^||^     duiini;  tht    winter,  kept  from  frost,  and  replanted  in  the  spring. 


itm^. 


D 


T. 


>IME  is  a  leathered  thii 
And  whilst  I  praise 
The  sparkling  of  thy  locks 
Takes  wing. 


ESTRE  not  to 
How  long  we 


them  ra\ 


long,  but  to  live  well ; 
not  years,  but  actions  tell. 

iRT  is  long  and  time  is  fleeting. 

And  our  hearts,  though  stout  and  brave, 
.Still,  like  muffled  drums,  are  beating 
Funeral  inarches  to  the  grave. 


A" 


'pOUCII   us  gently,  Tim 
Let  us  glide  down  thy 


Gently 
Thr 


lugh 


HME,  as  he  passes,  has  a  dove's  wing, 

Unsoiled  and  swift,  and  of  a  silken  sound. 

—Cmtfer. 

'imc!  'X'HE  hours  are  viewless  angels, 

A     That  still  go  gliding  by, 
ve  sometimes  glide  And  bear  each  minute's  record  up 

I  quiet  dream.  To  Him   who  .sits  on   high. 

—Brvaii  W.  Proctor.  —C.  P.  Cranrli. 

■pVEX  such  is  Time,  that  takes  on  trust 
Our  youth,  our  joys,  our  all  we  have, 
And  p.ays  us  with  but  age  and  dust; 
Who  in  the  dark  and  silent  grave. 
When  wo  ha^•o  wandered  all  our  ways. 
Shuts  up  the   story  of  our  days!        — Sir  W.  Ro trig h. 

■.39 


J 


w 


^0|fgl013,e. 


Dillitalis    JJUrjJUrca.       Xatlhal   Okder:  Scrofhulariacea  —  F'igu-ort  Family. 


ITERALLY,  the   purple   finger-flower,   this   plant  is   of  easy 
culture,  and  well   adapted  for  the  borders  of  walks  and  beds. 
The    blossoms,  which    grow  in    a    long   spike,  are   man}^,  and 
•q.:,]^  thimble-shaped,  with  dots  of  a  color  differing  from  the  flower 
in  the  interior.      The  whole  plant  is  a  violent  and  dangerous 
'"    ^    poison   when   taken    internally  in    anj'  considerable   quantity, 
producing    delirium,    convulsions    and   death.      It    becomes    a    valuable 
medicine  in  the  hands  of  a  skillful    physician.      It  thrives   best    in   par- 
tially shaded   locations.      There  are  a  number  of  varieties,  the  flowers 
^    being  white,  purple,  carmine,  brown,  and  yellow. 


|.H, 


"HIS  poor  brain!  ten  thousand  shapes  of  fury 
Are  wliirHnt;  there,  and  reason  is  no  more. 


H' 


;  E  raves,  his  words  are  loose 
As  heaps  of  sand,  and  scattering  wide  from  sense ; 
So  high  he  's  mounted  on  his  airy  throne, 
Tliat  now  the  wind  has  got  into  his  head, 
.\nd  turns  liis  brains  to  phrenzy.  —Dryden. 


His  I 
And 
On   s 


n   is  wrecked  — 

.er  in  the  pauses  of  his  speech 
p  doth  work  with  inward  muttering 
his  fixed  eve  is  riveted  fearfullv 


ethii 


that 


other  sight  can  sp 


AM  not  mad:  too  well,  too  well  I  feel 
The  different  plague  of  each  calamity. 


1    AM  not  mad; 
'    For  then  'tis  li 


vould  to  heaven   I  w( 
I  should  forget  mysi 
O,  if  I  could,  what  grief  shonld   I  forget! 


'pHIS  wr 
A     And  I 


;tched  brain  gave 
became  a  wreck,  f 


Without  one  glimpse  of  reason  or  of  hea^■ 


TF  a  phrenzy  do  possess  the  brain, 

It  so  disturbs  and  blots  the  form  of  things. 

As  fantasy  proves  altogether  vain. 

And  to  the  wit  no  true  relation  brings. 


m 


»• 


h^ 


f 


t 


i^ritillttria   makagris.      Natural  Order:  Liliacca—Lily  Family. 


OT  inappropriately  named,  from  the  l^aim  /n'tinus,  a  dice-box, 
as  the  flower  is  more  nearly  of  that  shape  than  in  the  other 
lilies,  this  plant  is  a  sister  to  the  crown  imperial,  already  de- 
scribed, both  blooming  in  the  month  of  May.  The  flower 
'^  IS  Luge,  nodding,  and  beautifully  checked  with  pale-red, 
•  .  ")  pui  pie  or  yellow  spots,  from  which  circumstance  the  name 
s  sometimes  been  interpreted  "chessboard."  It  is  indigenous 
roughout  Europe.  It  is  usually  solitary  in  bloom.  In  Spain  it  is 
lied  Checkered  Lily,  and  in  other  places  Guinea-Hen-Flower. 


ycrsctuttoii. 


T    HAVE  leani'd  to  endure,   I  have  hugg'd 

1   scourge  back  the  madness  that  else  would  invade; 

On  niv  brain  tails  the  drop  after  drop,  vet  I  bear, 

Lest  thou  should'st  discover  the  wreck  thou  hast  made. 


spair 


T' 


'HIS  vou  have  practiced, 
Practiced  on  us  with  rigor,  this  hath  forced  us 
To  shake  our  heavy  yokes  otf;  and,  if  redress 
Of  these  just  grievances  be  not  granted  us. 
We  "11  right  ourselves,  and  bv  strong  hand  defend 
What  we  are  now  possessed  of 


BUT 


—Mrs.  E.   Onivs  Smilli. 

T  what  avail  her  unexhausted  stores. 
Her  bloomy  mountains  and  her  sunnv  shores. 
With  all  the  gifts   that  hea\en  and  earth   impart, 
The  smiles  of  nature,  and  the  charms  of  art. 
While  proud  oppression  in  her  vallevs  reigns, 
And  tyranny  usurps  her  happy  plains? 

-AMisoH. 


'T'HEY  lived  unknown  And  history,  so  warm  on  meaner  themes. 

Till  persecution  dr.igged  them  into  fame,  Is  cold  on  this.     .She  execrates,  indeed. 

And  chased  them  up  to  heaven.     Their  ashes  flew,  The  tyranny  that  doomed  them  to  the  fire. 

No  marble  tells  us  whither.     With  their  names  But  gives  the  glorious  suft'Yers  little  praise. 
No  bard  embalms  and  sanctifies  his  song:  — Confer. 

VTEITHER   bended  knees,  pure  hands  held  up. 

Sad  sighs,  deep  groans,  nor  silver-shedding  tears. 
Could  penetrate  her  imcompassionate  sire. 

—  Shakespeare. 

•4' 


&. 


^mjchsiit. 


i^iul)3ia   COtciuca.      Natural  Order:   Oiiagraccxc  —  Evening  Primrose  Family. 


-^  V- 
KIJCATE  and  beautiful  for  a  house  plant  is  the  Scarlet 
.iiM.t.  a  native  of  South  America;  and  the  storey  of  its 
fe  geneial  introduction  into  England  is  somewhat  singular  and 
"not  without  a  touch  of  romance.  A  gentleman,  while  travel- 
'^■^^ing,  jiassed  through  some  town  not  far  from  the  great  metropolis, 
and  there  saw  a  plant  with  hanging  bells,  like  ear-drops,  which 
attracted  his  attention.  Upon  his  arrival  in  London,  he  informed  an 
eminent  gardener  of  what  he  had  seen,  eulogizing  the  beautiful  and 
graceful  arrangement  of  its  flowers.  The  gardener  went  immediately 
to  the  place  designated,  but  the  poor  cottager  declared  that  she  could 
^m|w  not  part  with  it,  as  her  "  good  man,  who  was  at  sea,  had  brought  it 
^^f^^f^s  a  present  the  last  time  he  was  at  home,  and  she  did  not  know  if  she 
should  ever  see  him  again."  He  however  finally  possessed  himself  of  it  by 
offering  her  a  large  sum,  and  promising  her  the  first  slip.  He  brought  it  home, 
divided  and  subdivided  it,  soon  having  a  large  number  of  plants,  for  which  he 
obtained  a  rapid  sale. 


irati 


trol, 

ig  from  her 


TTER  laugh,  full  of  life,  without  any 
But  the  sweet  one  of  gracefulness 
And  where  it  most  sparkled  no  glance  could  discover. 
In  lip,  cheek,  or  eyes,  for  she  brightened  all  over.         —Mmr,: 

*HE  light  of  love,  the  puritv  of  grace,  pRACE  was  in  all  her  steps,  heav'n 

The  mind,  the  music,  breathing  from  her  face.       ^    In  ev'ry  gesture  dignity  and  love 

A    LOVELIER  nymph  the  pencil  never  drew, 
For  the  fond  Gmces  form'd  her  easv  mien. 


And  heaven's  soft  i 

ITER  ivory-polish'd  front  with  seemly  cheer. 
Graced  at  the  bottom   w  itii  a  double  bow. 
Where  all  the  Gr.ices  in  their  throne  appear. 
Where  love  and  awful  majesty  do  grow. 


n-e  m  her  eye  was  seen.     —HayUy. 

Expends  itself,  and  shows  a  field  more  clear 
Than  candid  lilies  or  the  virgin  snow; 


Her 


rays  more  sharp  than  darts, 
Which  wound  all  flinty,  love-despising  hearts. 

-Pordage.  »sVL 

!ii ^^ 


^^ 


#jetttiaii. 


(!3ciltiailrt   acciulis.      Natural  Order:   Gcntianacca:  —  Gentian  Family. 


ENTIAN  is  a  plant  of  excellent  tonic  and  febrifuge  properties, 
which  are  said  to  have  been  first  discovered  by  Gentius,  king 
of  ancient  lUyria,  in  whose  honor  it  was  named.  It  is  found 
abundantly  in  the  Western  States,  where  the  land  lies  low  and 
IS  more  or  less  moist,  which  soil  seems  most  congenial  to  its 
'*•  giowth.  It  is  not  unusual  to  find  acres  of  land  dotted  freely 
its  blue  blossoms,  particularly  in  openings  in  the  woods.  Besides 
oui  natne  plants,  we  have  other  specimens  from  Wales,  Australia,  and 
the  Alps  The  two  from  the  first-named  countries  have  blue  flowers, 
the  latter  j-ellow  ones.  The  more  dwarf  varieties  are  the  best  adapted 
for  rock  culture. 


|nlrin$tt  l[tirl]^. 


[RM  and  resolved  by  sterling  worth  to  gain 
Love  and  respect,  thou  shall  not  strive  in   vain. 

Sir  S.  E.  Brydge. 


r\   HOW  thy  worth  with  manners  may  I  sing, 
^-^    When  thou  art  all  the  better  part  of  me? 
What  can  mine  own  praise  to  mine  own  self  bring? 
And  what  is  "t  but  mine  own,  when  I  praise  thee? 
— Shakespeare. 


ALL  that  is  best  of  beauty  is  its  dower, 
''■       All  that  is  pure  in  piet\-  its  bequest, 
The  subtle  spring  of  truth,  the  soul  of  power. 
It  gives  our  dreams  their  scope,  our  life  its  zest. 


-Isidore  G.  Asc/icr. 


T    KNOW  transplanted  human   worth 
Will  bloom  to  profit  otherwhere. 


qPHERE  is  a  joy  in  worth, 

A  high,  mysterious,  soul-pervading  charm, 
\\'hich,  never  daunted,  ever  bright  and  warm. 
Mocks  at  the  idle,  shadowy  ills  of  earth, 
.\mid  the  gloom  is  bright,  and  tranquil  in  the  storn 
—Robert  T.  Conrad. 


"yLS  what  the  heart  adores,  where'er  the  eye 
Doth  rest,  on  ocean,  earth,  or  in  the  sky; 
For  love  ne'er  worships  willingly  a  blot, 
But  looks  for  what  is  pure,  for  what  is  fair, 
For  what  is  good,  as  heaven  and  angels  are. 

'—SalUe  A.  Brock. 


■DEAUTIES  that  from  worth  arise. 

Are  like  the  grace  of  deities. 
Still  present  with  us,  though  unsighted. 


-Sir 


43 


J 


'^ramtmm. 


(!^C^"alUUlU   SailClUUlCUlll.      Natural  Order:    Gcraiiiaccic  —  Geranium  Family. 


r    ANY  are  the  varieties  of  this  beautiful  plant,  most  of  which 

^V  are  nurtured   in  the  window  or  greenhouse,  either  for  their 

"    '  ^=:o  beauty   of  blossom    or  the    delightful    fragrance   of  their 

1l  ives.      Some    of    them    are    from    the    Cape    of    Good 

Ho]K,  but  this  beautiful  species,  with  its  blood-red   flowers, 

'  IS    I  native  of  Europe.      It   is  well  adapted  to  make  a  bril- 

h  ml   show    in  the   garden   in  summer,  being  again   removed   to  the 

house    in    the    fall.      The    name    is   derived   from  geranos,  a   Greek 

(^  word    meaning  crane,   the   seeds    having  a  long  spur  (supposed  to 

resemble  a  crane's  bill),  which  in  planting  should   be  cut  ofi'  with 

the  scissors,  as  it  tends  to  push  the  seeds  out  of  the  ground  before 


6iJiifibniq* 


THRUST  in  thee?     Aye,  dearest,  there  's  no  one  but  must, 

Unless  truth  be  a  fable  in  such  as  thee  trust; 
For  who  can  see  heaven's  own  hue  in  those  eyes, 
And  doubt  that  truth  with  it  came  down  from  the  skies? 
While  each  thought  of  thy  bosom,  like  morning's  young  lis 
Almost  ere  'tis  born,  flashes  there  on  his  sight. 

— f.  F.  Hoffma,:. 


r\UT  of  the  depths  of  the  starlit  distance       [up, 
^-^    A  pale  gleam   shows  where   the   moon   comes 
And  here  in  the  dregs  of  this  strange  existence 
May  lurk  the  sweetness  that  crowns  the  cup. 


And  faith  and  hope  and  the  spnit's  patience 
Sti-engthen  the  heart  and  lighten  the  eyes. 

Ah,  .soul!  mv  soul!  there  is  hope  for  the  nation 
And  God  is  holy  and    just  and  wise. 


-Bnrl 


Grn 


TRU.ST  in  thee,  and  k.i 
Or  life  or  death  is  equal 
11   weight  is  this:    O  let  i 


.'hom 


to  thee! 


rust ; 


-Imwif. 


HAVE  I   not 
And  snow. 


brought  thee  roses  fresh 
white  lilies,  pale  with  p 
my  inmost  dream  of  Truth, 
I  beauty   thou  didst  not  inspire? 

—Joe!  Benton. 


with  youth.     r\  H  !    en 
ure  desire?       ^    Whic 


bleni  of  that  steadfast  mind 

h,  through  the  varying  scenes  of  li 

genuine  piety  refined. 

Holds  on  its  wav  'midst  noise  and  strife! 


f 


•lii£i0litts. 


(Ijlatliolus   COiniUUnis.      Natural  Order:  Iridacece—Iris  Family. 


F   recent   introduction    into    general   cultivation    in    the    United 

'   States,  the  Gladiolus  has  more  than  answered  all  anticipations, 

I  and  too  much  praise  cannot  be 'elicited  in  its  behalf.      It  has  a 

,  bulbous   root,  round   and   flattened   like  an  onion,  though   less 

•^perfect  in  shape;  the  leaves  are  long  and  pointed,  and  shaped 

^  -*  like  a  small  sword  {gladiolus),  from  which  it  takes  its  name. 

.^      ^„^    flower  stalk   rises   about   two  feet.      The   flowers   are  large  and 

handsome,  arranged   around   the   stem    for   nearly  half  its   length,  the 

lower   ones    blooming    first.      The    colors    are    brilliant    in    the    highest 

degree,  and  the  variety  of  hues  and  shades  is  almost  numberless.     The 

-:_     new  colors  are  derived  from  seedlings. 


The 


T 


IS  ours  by  craft  and  by  surprise  to  gain ; 
'Tis  yours  to  meet  in  arms,  and  battle  in  the  pla 


I'LL  ride  in  golden  armor  like  the  sun, 

And  in  my  helm  a  triple  plume  shall  spring, 
Spangled  with  diamonds  dancing  in  the  air, 
To  note  me  emperor  of  the  threefold  world. 

—Mario. 


QWORD,  on  my  left  side  gleaming, 
^   What  means  thy  bright  eye's  beaming.^ 
It  makes  my  spirit  dance 
To  see  thy  friendly  glance. 


—Fr 


■ofKc 


GENERAL  sets  his  army  in  array 
In  vain,  unless  he  fight  and  win  the  day. 

—Sir  7.  De, 


IMPETUOUS,  active,  fierce,  and  your 
Upon  the  advancing  foes  he  sprung. 


Woe  to  the  wretch  at 
His  brandish'd  lalchion 


I'hom  IS  bent 
s  sheer  descent. 


I'LL  do  the  best  that  do  I  may. 
While  I  have  power  to  stand; 

While  I  have  power  to  wield  my  sword, 
I'll  fight  with  heart  and  hand. 

— A  itoiiymotts. 


In  that  day's  feats 
He  proved  the  best  man  i'  th'  field;  and  lor  his  mead 
Was  brow-bound  with  oak.  —S/tatcspeare. 

H5 


^i§ 


@l0|r^  ^l0Wjer. 


(LroUiuS   (£urOfnruS.      Natural  Order:  Ranunculacece—Cro~iVfoot  Family. 


ERE  and  there  in  swamps   throughout  the  north   and  west, 

*^      the  Trollius  laxus,  or  wild  Globe  Flower,  may  be  found,  but 

""       tlie  varieties  in  cultivation  are  from  abroad,  Europe  and  Asia 

each  furnishing  its  quota.     They  can  be  grown  from  seeds, 


yp^as  well  as  by  division  of  the  roots.      They  are   ornamental 

^jc-^     ~''      •■  l"  plants,  handsome  in   growth,   with   flowers  varying    through 

fjcthe  different  shades  of  yellow.      The  Japan  Globe  Flower  belongs  to 

'^  another  class  of  plants,  and  is  of  shrubby  growth,  usually  six  or  seven 

feet  high.      The  flowers  appear  in  small  clusters  near  the  ends-  of  the 

r-^  branches,  being  also  yellow  in  color. 


\nm^}. 


VJOT  nobler  are  the  hearts  that  work  than  hearts  that  only  dream; 

For  real,  as  the  things  that  are,  are  all  the  things  that   seem. 
The  waters  gleam  among  the  hiljs,  the  mirage  on  the  sands. 
And  vet  alike  both  image  forth  the  selfsame  Maker's  hands. 

— L.  Bnice  Moore, 


T^ANCY  high  commissioned;  send  her! 
She  has  vassels  to  attend  her; 


'T'ELL  me  where  is  fancy  bred; 
Or  in  the  heart  or  in  the  head.' 


She  will  bring  in  spite  of  frost. 
Beauties  that  the  earth  hath  lost 
She  will  bring  thee,  all  together. 
All  delights  of  summer  weather. 


-7<j/;«  Keats. 


SILVERY   haze  hangs  o'er  the  earth 


.'\nd  through  its 


We  look  in   vain  for  summer's  garb. 
Or  spring-tide's  dewv  green; 


How  begot,  how  nourished.' 
It  is  engendered  in  the  eyes, 
With  gazing  fed ;  and  fancy  dies 
In  the  cradle  where  it  lies. 

—Shakespeare. 

PAN'CY  is  a  fairy,  that  can  hear. 

Ever,  the  melody  of  nature's  voice. 
And  see  all  lovely   visions  that  she  will. 

—Mr.':.  Osgood. 

Bright,  gorgeous  tints,  like  Tyrian  dies. 

Gleam  on  the  ravished  siglit; 
I  fancy  an  enchanted  realm 

Revealed  in  mystic  light.    —Sallie  A.  Brock. 
•46  ■ 


sheen 


®0itr£< 


Cagcnaiia  inilgaris. 


Natural  Order:    Cucurbitaccce — Gourd  Family. 


NOWN  scientifically  as  Lagenaria,  from  the  Latin  lagcna,  a 
bottle,  the  common  Bottle  Gourd,  or  Calabash,  is  familiar  to  all. 
It  grows  like  a  round  ball,  gradually  extended  into  a  handle. 
When  ripened,  a  slice  is  cut  from  one  side,  and  the  seeds  are 
■^removed,  thus  forming  a  very  convenient  vessel  for  dipping 
y  water,  for  which  purpose  it  was  used  in  early  times.  There 
are  upward  of  fift}-  ditierent  kinds  of  this  interesting  plant,  all  of 
I  .  r  •<  them  being  natives  of  tropical  countries.  Some  are  large  and  gro- 
\7y''?\j   tesque,  others  small,  fanciful,  delicate,  beautiful  in  shape  and  color,  and 


,  OTthy  of  enthusiastic  admiration.     Hawthorne  said  they  were  "  worthy 


being  wrought  in  enduring  marble." 


JAm\. 


H' 


A^': 


E  who,  from  zone  to 
Guides  through  the 
In  the  long  way  that  I  i 
Will   lead  my  steps 

yet  I  know  past  all  doubting,  truly — 
knowledge  greater  than  grief  can  dim  — 
,-,  as  lie  loved,  he  will   love  duly, 
I,  better  —  e'en  better  than  I  love  him; 


flight. 


M 


Y  winged  boat, 
A  bird  afloat, 
wims  round  the  purple  peaks  remote: 
Round  purple  peaks 
It  sails,  and  seeks 
lue  inlets  and  their  crystal  creeks, 
Where  high  rocks  throw, 
Through  deeps  below, 
pROM  the  low  earth  round  you. 
Reach  the  heights  above  you; 
From  the  stripes  that  wound  you. 
Seek  the  loves  that  love  you. 


zone, 

boundless  sky  thy 

nust  tread  alone 

aright.  —Willimn  ClllU-i,  Bryam. 

And  as  I  walk  by  the  vast,  calm  river 

The  awful  river  so  dread  to  see, 
I  say,  "Thy  breadth  and  thy  depth  forever 
Are  bridged  by  his  thoughts  that  cross  to  me.' 
— 'jean  Itiffelow. 
A  duplicated  golden  glow. 
Far,  vague,  and  dim. 
The  mountains  swim; 
While  on  \'esuvius'  misty  brim. 
With  outstretched  hands 
The  gray  smoke  stands, 
O'erlooking  the  volcanic  lands. 

—Thomas  Buchanan  Read. 

God's  divinest  burneth  plain 

Through  the  crystal  diaphane 
Of  our  loves  that  love  you. 

— Elizabeth  Barrett  Brou-niii^. 


515 


r 


»rESS. 


<!) 


i^lltl)Oiautl)um   OllCiratum.      Natural  Order:   Graminca: — Grass  Family. 


HAT  is   more   delightful    to  the   senses  of  one   pent  up  amid 
^rthe  brick   and  dust  of  a  crowded   citj'  than  to  behold  a  spot 
'of  refreshing  verdure?      It   rejoices    the   eye,   and    tills  the 
K  soul  with   gladness.      Who  can   look   abroad  at  the  waving 
meadows  and  close-cropped  pastures  and  not  acknowledge  the 
beneficence  of  the  all-wise  Creator?      No  other  color  would  be 
so  grateful   to   the  vision,  and   no   other  color  would   always   appear   so 
fresh  and  new.     The  grass,  along  with  all  grains,  belongs  to  the  exten- 
sive order  Gramineee,  which  contributes  more  to  the  sustenance  of  man 
and  beast  than  all  others  combined.      It  has  an  element  of  poetry  in  its 
botanical   name,  which   signifies   sweetly-scented   yellow   flower;  and    has 
for  ages  been  considered  an  emblem  of  utility. 


Hiiliiii. 


H' 


Unknown,  unseen, 


'T'HUS  is  nature's  vesture  wrought, 
To  instruct  our  wandering  thought; 

Thus  she  dresses  green  and  gay, 

To  dispense  our  cares  away.     —Dyer. 


VTOT  enjoyment  and  not  sorrow 

Is  our  destin'd  end  or  way, 
But  to  act  that  each  tomorrow 

F'inds  us  farther  than  today.     —Longfellow. 


'T^HE  chiefest  action  for  a  man  of  spirit, 

Is  never  to  be  out  of  action;  we  should  think 
The  soul  was  never  put  into  the  body. 
Which  has  so  many  rare  and  curious  pieces 
Of  mathematical  motion,  to  stand  still. 
Virtue  is  ever  sowing  her  seeds,        —wehster. 


m 


T 


HE  even  grass  beneath  our  feet 
Was  something  greener  and  more  sv 
Than  that  which  grew  below. 


We  breathed  a 

purer,  better  air; 

Our  lives  seen 

ed  wider  and  more  fair, 

And  earth 

vith  love  aglow. 

—Henry  Abbey. 

m 


Jfeptta   (&lcd)Oma.      Natural  Order:  Labiatct—Mint  Family. 


ROUND  IVY,  or  Gill-over-the-ground,  is  a  very  pretty  plant 

"^of   rapid   growth,   to   be   found   about   hedges,  old  walls,  and 

among    the    rocks    along    the    margins    of    creeks    and    small 

streams.      The   stem,  which  is  naturally  prostrate,  if  suffered 

^'  to  lie  on  the  ground,  takes  root  at  every  joint,  sending  out  in 

"^  turn   new    creepers,   which   grow  from    a   few  inches    to   two 

teet  in  length.      In  a  hanging  basket  it  trails  from  the  sides,  completely 

enveloping  it,  delighting  in  shade  and  plenty  of  moisture.      The  flowers 

are  of  a  bluish  purple,  blooming  in   May.      The   leaves  are  aromatic, 

and  were  formerly  used  in  brewing  ale.     It  is  sometimes  called  Alehoof, 

and  Tunhoof      It  derives   its  scientific  name  from  Nepete,  now  Nepi, 

in  Ital_v;  and  Glechoma  was  the  name  given  it  by  Linnaeus. 


Jnju^mtnh 


is  no  earthly  flower,  nor  framed  to  bear 
ts  exotic  bloom  life's  cold,  unscenial  air. 


■fTTE  .ire  all  children  in  our  strife  to  seize 
'        Each  pretty  pleasure,  as  it  lures  the  sight ; 
And  like  the  tall  tree,  swaying  in  the  breeze. 
Our  lofty  wishes  stoop  their  tow'ring  flight. 


— Mrs.  Hemans. 
Till,  when  the  prize  is  won,  it  seems  no  mor 
Than  gather'd  shell  from  ocean's  countless  st( 
And  ever  those  who  would  enjoyment  gain. 
Must  find  it  in  the  purpose  they  pursue. 


w 


ITH   much  we  surfeit,  plenty  m,ikes  us  poor, 
The  wretched   Indian  scorns  the  golden  ore. 
—Drayl 


AH !  here  how  sweet,  my  love,  my  own. 

To  dream,  aloof  from  any  sorrows, 
Of  one  fair,  changeless  monotone  — 
Serene  tomorrows  and  tomorrows! 


i!  sweet,  in  sooth,  when  God  h.id  furled 
All  colors  at  the  calm  sky-verges, 

■\A  night  came  silencing  the  world, 
And  loudening  the  long  sea-surges! 

—Edgar  Fa-.fCfl 


W 


SE  h 

eavei 

doth  s 

-e  it 

as 

fit 

In  al 

our 

joys  to 

give 

us 

some 

alloys. 

our 

sorro 

ws,  com 

forts 

— Fountain. 

m 


^t0MnA  §^iiije< 


1 


£j)COpOllium   romplanatum.      Natural  Order:  Lycopodiacece — Club  Moss  Family. 


"-a 


^YCOPODIUM  is  one  of  the  humbler  types  of  vegetation 
that  in  the  earher  stages  of  our  globe  occupied  a  place  of 
higher  rank,  and  attained  a  size  more  worthy  of  consideration, 
\  as  some  of  the  specimens  now  existing  in  a  fossil  state  amply 
\,  show.  When  other  and  more  important  vegetation  made 
''"'its  appearance,  the  less  useful  descended  to  a  minor  and 
moie  obscure  position,  till  now  it  scarcely  more  than  lends  variety  to 
the  scene  This  mossy  plant  has  a  round  stem,  and  is  frequentl}' 
tound  creeping  along  the  ground  in  woods  that  are  moist  and  shady, 
bemg  some  five  or  six  feet  in  length.  There  are  several  greenhouse 
varieties  useful  for  ferneries  and  hanging-baskets,  but  they  require  con- 
siderable moisture  to  grow  well.  The  name  signifies  leveled  or  hori> 
zontal  wolf's-foot. 


'T'HERE  are  fancies  strangely  bitter  in  tlie  surge  of  this  restless  sea, 

And  hopes,  and  dreams,  and  memories,  all  rising  mournfully; 
The  waves  that  are  softly  breaking,  with  stai-ry  luster  kissed, 
Summon  a  host  of  phantoms  out  of  the  ocean-mist. 


-a,r 


Rfid. 


pRIEV'ST  thou  that  hearts  should  change? 
^    Lo!    where  life  reigneth 
Or  the  free  sight  doth  range, 
What  long  remaineth? 


Spring  with  her  flowers  doth  die; 

Fast  fades  the  gilded  sky; 
And  the  full  moon  on  high 

Ceaselessly  waneth.      —Aiionvmot 


pOME,  now  again  thy  woes  impart, 
^  Tell  all  thy  sorrows,  all  thy  sin; 
We  cannot  heal  the  throbbing  heart. 
Till  we  discern  the  wounds  within. 

—  Crabbc. 


WIND-HARP 

■    'Neath  Zephyr' 


ivelled  into  perfect  song 
soft  touch; 


Boreas  did  it  a  grievous  wrong, 
For  he  smote  it  too  much  — 


He  smote  it  so  rudely,  its  delicate  chords 

Wailed  in  musical  pain. 
Saying,  in  plaintive  and  mystical  words, 

"  We  accord  not  again !  " 

—Ho-.vard  Gh" 


•50 


'.m 


#mm  ^rieje* 


Nyasa  fllultitlora.      Natural  Order:    Cortiacea;  —  Dogwood  Family, 


IS  is  a  tall  tree  found  throughout  the  United  States,  either 

in    woodlands    or  along  the   roadside,    growing  both   in  dry 

and  wet  locations.      The  bark  is  of  a  light  gray,  and  rough 

or  broken  on  the  surface,  and  at  the   height  of  fifty  feet  or 

yy».       more  is  a  fine  head  of  large,  glossy,  dark-green  leaves.     Its 

~y\     flowers  are  small  and  of  a  greenish  color,  blooming  in  clus- 

teis      The  wood  is  much  twisted   and  soft,  but  fine  grained,  and  is 

used  in  the  manufacture  of  naves  of  wheels  and  hatters'  blocks.     One 

of  the  species  bears  a  small,  blue  fruit,  which  is  the  favorite  food  of 

the  opossum. 


Jntl^nsis 


\TO  wild  enthusiast  ever  vet  could  rest, 

'Till  half  mankind  were  like  himself  possessed 


'T'HE  restless  spirit  charm'd  thy  sweet  existence, 
Making  all  beauteous  in  youth's  pleasant  maze, 
While  gladsome  hope  illumed  the  onward  distance, 
And  lit  with  sunbeams  thy  expectant  days. 

—  Willis  c'cinrt. 

YOUTH  with  swift  feet 
The  land  of  joy 


T   GAZE  upon  the  thousand  stars 
■^      That  fill  the  midnight  sky; 
And  wish,  so  passionately  wish, 
A  light  like  theirs  on  high. 


QHE  caught  th"  illusion  — blest  his  name, 
*^  And  wildly  magnified  his  worth  and  fan 
Rejoicing  life's  reality  contained 
One,  heretofore,  her  fancy  had  but  feigned. 


walks  onward  in  the  way, 
11  before  his  eyes. 

—Afrs.  Butler. 

I  have  such  eagerness  of  hope 
To  benefit  my  kind; 

I  feel  as  if  immortal  power 
Were  given  to  my  mind. 


Oh!  the  joy 
Of  young  ideas  painted  on  the  mind. 
In  the  warm,  glowing  colors  fancy  spreads 
On  objects  not  yet  known,  when  all  is  new, 
And   all    is   lovely.  —Hannah  Moore. 


r 


?/2 


itawfe^w^i^A. 


C)icrariuiU   (pTOlUniii.      Natural  Order:    Composita — Aster  Family. 

FEW  varieties  of  the  Hawkweed  from  France  and  Italy  are 

to  be  found  in  our  gardens.      The  blossoms  of  the  cultivated 

'  jilints  are   3'ellow,  silvery,  or   red   in  color.      The   flowers  of 

the    above    native    plant   are   yellow,  and    throughout  Canada 

J  and  the  United  States  it  is  found  in  the  woods  in  dry  situa- 

^j^'^tions.      The  stalk  is   about  two  feet  high,  and   the  blossom 

PL -us  during  the   months  of  August  and  September.      The  ancients 

iposed  this,  as  well  as  the  other  species,  to  strengthen  the  sight  of 

ids  of  piey.      The  classic  name  is  derived  from  icrax,  a   hawk,  on 

account  ot   the  properties  ascribed  to  it. 


TONG  while  I   sought  to  what  I  might  compare 
-"-^  Those  powerful  eyes,  which  lighten  my  dark  spirit, 
Yet  found  I  nought  on  earth  to  which  I  dare 
Resemble  the  image  of  their  goodly  light.         Spenser. 


pREATURES  there  he  of  sight  so  keen  and  high 
^   That  even  to  the  sun  they  bend  their  gaze; 
Others  who,  dazzled  by  too  fierce  a  blaze, 
Issue  not  forth  till  evening  vails  the  sky. 

—Petrarch. 


TJER  lively  looks 
■^  ^  Quick  as  her  e 


iprightly  mind  disclose, 
and  as  unfixed  as  those; 
Favors  to  none,  to  all  she  smiles  extends. 
Oft  she  rejects,  but  never  once  oftends. 

—Pope. 


TTLS  blazing  eyes,  like  two  bright  shining  fields, 
Did  burn  with  wrath,  and  sparkled   living  fire 
As  two  broad  beacons  set  in  open  fields 
.Send  forth   their  flames.  Spenser. 


■VTOUR   hawkeyes  are  keen  and  bright. 

Keen  with  triumph,  watching  still 
To  pierce  me  through  with  pointed  light; 
But  oftentimes  they  flash  and  glitter 
Like  sunshine  on  a  dancing  rill. 


TN  her  two  eyes  two  living  lamps  did  flame. 

Kindled  above,  at  the  heavenly  light. 
And  darting  fiery  beams  out  of  the  same. 
So  passing  pearceant,  and  so  wondrous  bright. 
That  quite  bereaved  the  rash  beholders  of  their  sight. 
—.Spenser. 


i 

m 


^^ 


:^atft* 


1 


^ricrt   O^Orttta.      Natural  Order:  Ericacece — Heath  Family. 


E  tind  but  few  Heaths  among  the  plants  of  a  mixed  green- 
house, as  the  idea  prevails  that  they  require  a  particular 
■>  atmosphere  and  condition  of  temperature  to  grow  them 
fl  o  w  ell  In  Europe,  houses  are  devoted  exxlusiyely  to  their 
,,if,....  The  British  Heaths  grow  in  bleak  and  barren  places, 
'-  md  aie  utilized  b}^  the  poorer  class  to  thatch  their  cabins,  who, 
ike  the  poor  of  every  nation,  are  driven  by  necessity  to  make  use  of 
ill  the  gitts  of  nature,  when  they  can  so  ill  afford  the  gifts  of  art.  The 
most  cherished  Heaths  come  from  Southern  Africa,  of  which  there  are 
several  hundred  in  cultivation.  Anyone  who  has  torn  a  fern  from  its 
pi  ice  in  a  wild  retreat,  has  noticed  its  hair-like  roots.  This  is  the  case 
with  the  Heath:  and  a  desideratum  of  its  culture  is  that  its  roots  must 
never  become  dry.  neither  must  it  rest  in  sodden  soil;  for  once  dry,  the 
foliage  becomes  sere  and  brown  bejond  recovery,  and  too  much  water  decays 
the  roots. 


luHiubit. 


QWEET,  solitary  life!  lovely,  dumb  joy, 

That  need'st  no  warnings  how  to  grow  more  wise 
By  other  men's  mishaps,  nor  the  anno}- 

Which  from  sore  wrongs  done  to  one's  self  doth  rise ; 
The  morning's  second  mansion,  truth's  first  friend. 

Never  acquainted  with  the  world's  vain  broils. 
When  the  whole  day  to  our  own  use  we  spend. 

And  our  dear  time  no  fierce  ambition  spoils. 

-Eayl  of  Arnnn,,. 


p\II!  to  lie  down  in  wilds  apart, 
^^   Where  man  is  seldom  seen  or  heard, 
In  still  and  ancient  forests,  where 
Mows  not  his  scythe,  plows  not  his  share, 
With  the  shv  deer  and  cooing  bird! 


To  go,  in  dreariness  of  mood. 

O'er  a  lone  heath,  that  spreads 
A  solitude  like  a  silent  sea. 
Where  rises  not  a  hut  or  tree. 

The  wide-embracing  skv  its  bou 


\! 


i^ljemimm* 


C)tlcniuill   ailtumnalc.      Natural  Order:    Compositce  —  Aster  FaiitUy. 


^'HIS  plant  is  named  for  the  celebrated  Helen,  a  daughter  of 
Jupiter,  who  was  so  renowned  for  her  beauty  that  she  was 
seized  by  Paris,  son  of  Priam,  and  carried  to  Troy,  thereb}- 
causing  the  Trojan  war.     She  is  said  to  have  "availed  her- 
self of  its  cosmetic   properties."     In  medicine  it  is  a  tonic, 
pioduces  an  insensible  perspiration;  and  it  is  also  made  into 
snufl  foi   medical  use,  which  gives  it  the  common  name  of  Sneeze- 
wDit       It  glows  in  low  ground  or  moist  places  in  fields  and  by-waj's, 
w  holh  uncultn  ated,  having  an  herbaceous  growth  of  from  two  to  three 
tLLt  in  height       The  plant  blooms  in  August;  the  flowers  are  yellow. 


ifars. 


chaii 


TIIHAT  gem  hath  dropp'd,  and  sparkles  o'er 

The  tear  most  sacred  shed  for  others'  pain, 

That  starts  at  once  —  bright,  pure  —  from  pity's  mine, 

Already  polish'd  by  the  hand  divine.  -Byron. 


O  AISE  it  to  heaven,  when  thine  eye  fills  with  tears. 

The  bow  of  light;  and  from  the  invisible  skies 
Hopes  glor\ 


B"f 


I  LEST  tears  of  soul-felt  penitence! 
benign,  redeeming  flow- 
Is  felt  the  first,  the  only  sense 

Of  guiltless  jo}-  that  guilt  may  know! 


B 


ve  through  weeping  eyes. 
—Mrs.  F.  A.  Butler. 

UT  these  are  tears  of  joy!  to  see  you  thus,  has  fill'd 
My  eyes  with  more  delight  than  they  can  hold. 


'yHANK  God,  bless  God,  all  ye  w^io  sufter  not 
More  grief  than  ye  can  weep  for.     That  is  well — 
That  is  light  grieving!  lighter,  none  befell, 
Since  Adam  forfeited  the  primal  lot. 
Tears!  what  are  tears.'     The  babe  weeps  in  its  cot, 


The  mother  singing, —  at  her  marriage-bell 
The  bride  weeps, —  and  before  the  oracle 
Of  high-faned  hills,  the  poet  has  forgot 
Such  moisture  on  his  cheeks. 

— Elizabeth  Barrett  Broxvuittg. 


'T^HOU  weep'st:  O  stop  that  shower  of  falling  sorrows, 
*■    Which  melts  me  to  the  softness  of  a  woman, 
And  shakes  my  best  resolves.  —Trap. 


itjel.i0ttr0|3-.e'. 


Qcliotropium   |]ciUinamim.      Natural  Order:  BoraginacecE— Borage  Family. 


ELIOTROPE   is  a  small  and  elegant  shrub  about  two  feet 

gh,  a  native  of  Peru.     The  flowers  bloom  in  clusters,  and 

e  of  a  delicate  lavender  or  purple  tint,  with  the  fragrance 

vanilla,  and   are  especially  desirable   for  bouquets.      It  is 

![^\^said    that    Clytie,    who    had    been    loved    and    deserted    by 


Apollo,    seeing    his    attachment    for    her    sister    Leucothea, 


;^|ir^  pined  a\^a^,  with  her  eyes  gazing  continually  upon  the  sun,  and  was 

'^nfcat   last   turned   into   a   flower  called   Sunflower,  or  Heliotrope.      The 

name  is  derived  from  the  Greek  Helios,  sun,  and  trefo,  to  turn.     It 

53^9  is  also  called  Turnsole,  from  its  turning  to  Sol,  the  Latin  for  sun. 
It  was  introduced  into  France  by  Jessieu,  about  1 740.  There  are 
several  other  flowers  that  follow  the  course  of  the  sun,  the  best 
known  being  probably  the  common  yellow  Sunflower. 


D 


EVOTIOX'S  self  shall  ste.il  a  thought  IVotn   heaven; 
One  human  tear  shall  drop,  and  be  forgiven. 

—Pop,: 


T    GIVE  thee  prayers,  like   jewels  strung 
On  golden  threads  of  hope  and  fear; 
And  tenderer  thoughts  than  ever  hung 
In  a  sad  angel's  pitying  tear. 

TN  vain  doth  man  the  name  of  just  expect 
*    If  his  devotions  he  to  God  neglect. 


As  earth  pours  freely  to  the  sea 

Her  thousand  streams  of  wealth  u 

So  flows  my  silent  life  to  thee. 

Glad  that  its  very  sands  are  gold. 


LOVE  her  for  that  loving  trusi 
That  makes  the  one  she  loves 
id   faith  that's  blind  in  loving; 


—  Sir  J.  Denham. 
A  love  that  smiles  away  all  tears, 
And  looks  not  way  beyond  these  years, 
To  see  what  love  is  proving.  _c.  C.  C 


0 


NE  grain  of  incense  with  devotion  offered 
'S  beyond  all  perfumes  or  Sabsan  spices 
one  that  proudly  thinks  he  merits  it. 

— Maf:^inffer. 


i^S 


r 


m 


pjcU^lr^rje, 


Cjclkborus   niriMs.      Natural  Order:  Raii!incuhtcci.v — Crowfoot  Family. 


EVERAL  plants  are  known  under  the  name  of  Hellebore,  and 
though   belonging  to  different  and  distinct   families,  the}-  all   pos- 
sess  highly  poisonous   qualities,  as   the   literal   translation   of  their 
botanical   name  would   signify,    "  food   of  death,"   from   the  com- 
>  bination  of  two  Greek  words,  eJcin,  to  cause  death  (literally  to 
'.^  take    away),    and   bora,   food.      Though    fatal   in    inexperienced 
,  hands,  they  are  exceedingly  useful  in  the  hands  of  educated  medical 
men.      The  ancients  were  also  well  acquainted  with  their  merits,  as 
^they  used  them  for  all  "  mental  diseases,  such  as  madness  and  idioc}', 
the  best  growing  on  the  island  of  Anticyra  in  the  ^gean  sea."     This 
variety  is  from  Europe,  is  about  three  feet  high,  with  large,  nodding 
flowers,  and  is  grown  as  an  ornamental  plant. 


inlu 


mm 


IVTOR  might  nor  greatness  in  mortality 

Can  censure  'scape ;  back- wounding  calumny 
The  whitest  virtue  strikes;  what  king  so  strong 


T^ 


—  Sliakesfei 


Can  tie  tlie  gall  up  in   the  slanderous 

'HE  world  with  calumny  abounds; 
The  whitest  virtue  slander  wounds; 
There  are  whose  joy  is,  night  and  day,  Whatever  fruit  tl" 

To  talk  a  character  away.  —Pope.  The  wasp 


■fllHEN  sland'rous  tongue  thy   honor  stings, 
'*     This  solace  give  thee  rest:  — 


m  brings, 
11  choose  the  best. 

—G.  A.  Burger. 


'T'HE  ignoble  mind 

Loves  ever  to  assail  with  secret  bloM 
The  loftier  purer  beings  of  their  kind. 


f^. 


VtO  wound  which  warlike  hand  of  enemy 
■'■'  Inflicts  with  dint  of  sword,  so  sore  doth 
As  doth  the  poisonous  sting  which  infamy 


^W.  G.Simms. 

Infixeth  in  the  name  of  noble  wight; 
For  by  no  art,  nor  any  leeches'  might 
It  ever  can  received  be  again.         —spen. 


U^^ 


156 


Si  I 


f 


Itjemir. 


lHauuabls   satioa.      Natural  Order:   Urtkacca—Xcttlc  Family. 


\ABIS  (Greek    and    Latin    for    Hemp)  is  a  common    and 

11 -known    plant,   naturalized    in   waste  places   in  the   United 

itts.      It  came  originally  from  Persia  and  the  East  Indies, 

V   wliLre  the  natives  make  an  intoxicating  beverage  from  it.     In 

ome  States  it  is  largely  cultivated  for  the  fiber  of  the  stalks. 


and  when  properly  prepared  is  manufactured  into  the  coarser 


lades  of  toweling  and  ropes.      It  grows  quite  tall  and  erect,  branching 

Lsyat  inter\als,  having  foliage  that  is   sharply  cleft  and  palmate,  giving  the 

rill    ^  whole  plant  a  light,  airy  appearance.      The  flowers  are  green,  and  the 

1^        -iceds    are    ciowded   up  and  down  the  summits  of  the  branches.     It  is 

'^idk'*'^  \ei\    approjiriate  for  sowing  along  fences,  and  is  admirable  for  forming 

^\-^    sucen^    to    --hut    off  unsightly  objects    in  a  rear  yard.     In  the  fall,  the 

.■¥i     >>(.Lds   attiait   the  dear  little   birds,  which   sometimes  visit  them   in  large 

'        flocks,  ali^i   the  frost  and  late  season  have  exhausted  other  sustenance. 


Ital^ 


H 


EA\''N   from  all  creatures  hides  the  book  of  late, 
All  but  the  page  prescribed  their  present  state. 


'HE  Fates  but  only  spin 
The  finest  of  the  wool 


W" 


\T  fate  imposes,  men 


It  boots  not  to  resis 


both  wind  and  tide 
-Shakcsfmr, 


'T'HY   downcast  looks,  and  thy  disorder'd  thoughts 

Tell  me  my  fate :  I  ask  not  the  success 
Mv  cause  has  found. 


OUPREME,  all- wise,  eternal   Potentate! 
^   Sole  Author,  sole   Disposer  of  our  fate. 
Enthroned  in  light  and  immortality. 
Whom  no  man   fully  sees,  and  none  can  see! 

P.\TE,   show  thy  force; 
Wliat  is  decreed  mus 


Original  of  beings!     Power  divine! 
.Since  that  I  live,  and  that  I  think,  is  thine! 
Benign  Creator!  let  thy  plastic  hand 
Dispose  its  own  effect.  —Mallliezi'  Prior. 

oin-selves  we  do  not  owe; 
be;  and  be  this  so. 


^ 


Sl0MBli0cfe, 


1 


^ltl)lta   rOSta.      Natural  Order:  Malvacccc — Mallovj  Family. 


n"\VP>EN  the   Hollyhocks  of  this  generation  and  the  unpre- 

tuidiiig  flower  of  our  ancestors  there  is  a  marked  difference. 

1  oi  inei  ly  its  single  blossoms  used  to  cluster  around  the  stalk 

IS   it   grew  beside   the  cabin   of  the  early  settler  or  mingled 

\\  ith  the  humble  flowers  in  the  dooryard  of  the  villager.    The 

fJ  Ilollshock  of  today  —  how  supurb!     Ruffle  after  ruffle  has  it 

dckd  to  Its  rosette,  so  silky  and  soft,  until  it  is  full  to  repletion, 

'and  (.lose  has  it  crowded  them  along   its  tall   stem;    step  by  step  has 

It  <id\anced  to  the  lawn,  gaining  admiration  as  it  approached  the  acme 

of  its  peifection.     The  colors  of  the  blossoms  are  various.     The  plants 

1^^^    look  ^^ell  giouped,  or  planted  in  rows,  or  arranged   as  a  background 

to  lower-growing  plants.      It  blooms  the  second  year  from  the  seed,  or 

can  be  propagated  bj'  dividing  the  root. 


J^mliiiion* 


A' 


MBITION  is  an  idol  on  whose  wings 
Great  minds  are  carried  only  to  extreme: 


A 


MBITION 


dist: 


A  goodly  prospect,  tempting  to  the  view; 
The  height  delights  us,  and  the  mountain  top 
Looks  beautiful  because  'tis  nigh  to  heaven. 


B' 


lE  not  with  honor's  gilded  baits  beguiled. 
Nor  think  ambition  wise,  because  'tis  bra\  e ; 
For  though  we  like  it,  as  a  forward  child, 
'Tis  so  unsound,  her  cradle  is  her  grave. 

—  Sir  W.  Daveiwilt. 


W 


HO  soars  too  near 
Melts  them;  —  to  r 


TITHERE  ambition  of  place  goes  before  fitn 

Of  birth,  contempt  and  disgrace  follow. 

—  Gforffe  Cliafma 

AMBITION  is  a 


•  sun,  with  golden  wings, 
his  own   fortune  brings. 

—  SItakespearc. 

"VrOU  have  deeply  ventured, 
^    But  all  must  do  so  who  would  greatly 


t\ 


That  causes  all   the  ebbs 

i=;S 


nd  flows  of  nations 


J 


f^ 

'^■'f, 


:0H|(* 


1 


3Uk   aquifolium.      Natural  Order:  Aqitifoliacca:— Holly  Family. 


SfLEX,  signifying   originally   in   Latin   a   species  of  oak,    came 

K>it.,j|fej^     finally  to  be  appropriated  as  the  botanical  name  of  the  Holh'; 

^'?>^   •    ■£    .   J?:hfC^and    aquifolium,   from   the    Latin    words   actis,   a    needle,  and 

*, '^^  n      "w  ^     folium,  a  leaf,  has  been  added  to  designate  its  marked  char- 

'.•rl  '       -^^  acteristic  of   sharp-pointed   leaves.      We   have   in  the  United 

,nV^.   ♦    •.  *  t    ,^  States  several  species,  some  of  which  are  shrubs  from  six  to 


,^|^  twelve  feet  in  height,  others  attaining  the  size  of  trees.  The  leaves 
^^vjfe  are  glossy  and  evergreen,  the  lower  ones  being  armed  with  thorns. 
^^1^    In  autumn,  bright  red  berries  deck  their  branches.     There  are  over  a 


^Tss,     hundred  varieties  now  cultivated  in  Europe,  where  they  are  all  hardy, 

^^^  and   most   of  them   of  fine    appearance.      In    this   country  in   northern 

^.j^  latitudes  they  nearly  all  require  protection  from  the  severity  of  the  frost, 

t'.jby  a  covering  of  some  kind.     The  wood  of  the  Ilex  opaca  is  fine  grained 

and  compact,  and  is  useful  in   wood  turning:   some  of  the  others   possess 

properties  useful  in  medical  science. 


^[arcsig^l. 


r 


OVE 


kiew  these  things  with  curious  eyes, 
And  moralize; 
And  in  tliis  wisdom  ot'  the  holly  tree 

Can  emblems  see 
Wherewith,  perchance,  to  make  a  pleasant  rhyme, 
One  whicli  may  profit  in  the  after-time. 

Thus    though  abroad,  perchance,   I   might  appear  And  should  my  youth,  as  youth  is  apt,   1  know. 
Harsh  and  austere  Some  harshness  show, 

To  those  who  on  my  leisure  would  intrude.  All  vain  asperities  I,  day  by  day, 
Reserved  and  rude ;  Would  wear  away, 

Gentle  at  home  amid  my  friends  I'd  be.  Till  the  smooth  temper  of  my  age  should  be 

Like  the  high  leaves  upon  the  holly  tree.  Like  the  high  leaves  upon  the  holly  tree. 


-Roheit  Soullwy. 


^J^^ 


IITALK  boldly  and  wisely  in  that  light  thou  hast 

^*    There  is  a  hand  .above  will  help  thee  on. 

—BaiUy. 

•59 


J 


r 


gt0mjestf< 


m 

ii 


Cuuavia   biennis.      Natural  Order:    Crucifcrce  —  Mustard  Family. 


UN  ARIA,  from  the  Latin  hum,  the  moon,  has  two  varieties: 
Sjt  the  rediviva,  a  handsome  perennial,  with  light-purple  flowers, 
"^  and  rather  rare  in  the  United  States;  and  the  biennis,  a  large 
biennial  with  lilac-colored  flowers.  Both  are  natives  of  Ger- 
^  '>^  many,  and  received  the  name  from  the  distinguished  Swiss 
'  ~  ^  botanist,  DeCandolle,  on  account  of  their  transparent  moon- 
shaped  silicles  or  pods,  which  are  the  most  attractive  feature  of  tlie 
plant  The  name  has  a  special  appropriateness  not  altogether  arising 
liom  the  shape  of  the  pods,  which  is  more  nearly  oval,  but  from  the 
additional  peculiarity  of  the  silvcrv  separating  tissues  or  dissepiments. 
As  the  silicles  remain  unchanged,  they  are  quite  an  acquisition  to  a 
winter  bouquet  if  plucked  and  carefully  dried  in  autumn. 


'pAKE  heed  what  you  sav,  sir! 

^     An  hundred  honest  men !  why,  it"  there  were 
So  many  i'  th'  city,  'twere  enough  to  forfeit 
Their  charter.  —Shirlcv. 


AN  honest  man  is  still  an  unmov'd  rock, 
^  Wash'd  whiter,  but  not  shaken  with  the  shock : 
Whose  heart  conceives  no  sinister  device; 
Fearless  he  plays  with  flames,  and  treads  on  ice. 


H" 


IS  words  are  bonds,  his  oaths  are  oracles; 
love  sincere,  his  thoughts  immaculate; 
His  tears,  pure  messengers  sent  from  his  heart, 
His  heart  as  far  from  fraud  as  heaven  from  carl! 


'O  be  honest,  as  this  world  goes. 
Is  to  be  one  pick'd  out  of  ten  thousand. 

—Sliakcspear 


kl 


honest  soul  is  like  a  ship  at  sea 

sleeps  at  anclior  when  the  oceai 
But  when  she  rages,  and  the  wind  blows 
He  cuts  his  way  with  skill  and  majestv. 


T' 


-Beaumont  and  FU-tclia 


'HE  man  who  consecrates  his  hours 
By  vig'rous  effort,  and  an  honest  aim. 
At  once  he  draws  the  sting  of  life  and  death; 
He  walks  with  nature,  and  her  paths  are  peace. 


,il 


^ 


^i 


flonjcjsmjcWje. 


1? 


iioniteia   pcvidlllUClUUn.      Natural  Order:   Cafrifoliacea: — Honeysuckle  Family. 


^'iiffc       Other  blosso 


"  F   the   numerous  varieties   of  this   beautiful   climbing    shrub,  the 

one    called    periclymenum,    or  Woodbine,    is    perhaps    the    most 

Lommon.      The    name    is    deri\ed    from    the    German    naturalist 

Adam    Lonicer,  or  Lonitzer.      Its  delicate   flowers   are   so   laden 

.  7   with  sweets  that  they  attract   that  little  opalescent  jewel  of  a 

^i   humming-bird  more  frequently  from  his  hiding-place  than  any 

o\er  which  it  floats  like  the  spirit  of  another  and  more 


gorgeous 


flower.      For  a    number  of  jears    there    have    been    several 

very  desirable  imported  plants  of  this  species  in  cultivation.     The  Tar- 

1^::^  tarian  is  from    Russia,   having  either  delicate   purple  or  white  flowers; 

the  Lonicera  Japonica,  a  tribute  from  China,  has  yellow  blossoms;    and 

3  able  to  vie  with  either  is  our  own  Coral  Honeysuckle  —  bright,  brilliant 

and  fragrant. 


Ptjnbs  of  Jtrn^. 


"ITTHOSE  heart  is  at  rest,  he  alone  is  a  lover: 

'^'     The  winters  shall  change  not,  the  storms  leave  unshaken, 
Whose  love  shall  endure,  though  all  blossoms  be  taken. 
Whose  love  shall  endure  when  earth's  durance  is  over. 
Whose  love  shall  enfold,  though  the  world  have  forsaken. 

-Edv:,rd  Ellis. 


QEE  the  honevsuckle  twine 
^  Round  this  casement; — "tis 
Where  the  heart  doth  incense 
Aud  the  pure  att'ections  live 
In  the  mother's  gentle  breast 
By  her  smiling  infant  press'd. 


B' 


-Countess  of  li/t-ssiiiffto. 


(ECAUSE  of  this,  ma  Mlc, 
Thou  knowest  how  richly  w 
worship  till  death's  ending  serves  and 
Thou  knowest,  because  of  this. 
To  have  thee  means  all  bliss, 
anguish  were  to  miss,  to  mourn,  to 

—  Eiffor 


■ell 

sues  thee. 

lose 

thee! 

^TILL  r 
^    To  be 


'•  captive,  y> 
bondsman 


thoughts 
;  libertv. 


'T*HE  hummi 
^    In  rainbow 


ng-bird,  with  busy  wmg, 
beauty  moves. 


Above 
And 


trumpet-blossom  floats. 
;  the  tube  he  loves. 

—Caro/itte  Gihnait 


m 


1 


m^p. 


C)UimilU5   lupulus.      Natural  Okdku:   Urticacece — Nettle  Family. 


^ 


I  LI/1  D   mainly   in    brewing,   the    Hop    is    a    coarse,   though 
ui)My,htly,  vine,  which  has   been   named   Humulus   from   the 
im   liu  •lilts,  the   ground,  because  of  its   tendency  to   creeping, 
\  ss  pi  operly  supported.     It  is  cultivated  for  its  fertile  catkins, 
i\hn.h    are   of  great    importance    in    the    manufacture  of  beer 
V    md     de,   as    they   tend    to    preserve   and    give   body   to   those 
v^  hquuK       1  he    stem    is    an    annual,    decaying    every    fall,    and    springing 
ag  iin  U  om  tin.    ground  in  the  spring.      It  grows  to  a  great  length,  and 
sun,  from  east  to  west.      It  is  cul- 
ts  of  the   country,  and   in    the   fall 


'V^  twines  around  Us   supports  with   th^ 

^^  tnated  in   laige  fields  in  various  p 

rfi^  cdlb  togethei   laige  concourses  of  laborers  who  are  paid  a  certain  sum 

O    P*-'    Pol^  to  gather  the  hops,  which  is  done  usually  amid  great  hilarity. 


TJ  E  "S  poor,  and  that  's  suspiciou>  —  lie  's  unknown, 
*- *■  And  that  's  defenceless;  true,  we  have  no  proof 
Of  guilt  —  but  what  hath  he  of  innocence?  —Byron. 


A    FINE  and  slender  net  the  spider  weaves, 
-'  *■  Which  little  and  slight  animals  receives; 
And  if  she  catch  a  summer  bee  or  fly. 
They  with  a  piteous  gi-oan  and  niurmui-  die; 


But  if  a  wasp  or  hornet  she  entrap. 

They  tear  her  cords,  like  Samson,  and  escape; 

.So,  like  a  fly,  the  poor  oft'ender  dies; 

But  like  the  wasp  the  rich  escapes,  and  flies 


-Dcnimi 


T  N  the  corrupted  currents  of  this  world, 
*■    Oftense's  gilded  hand  may  shove  by  justic 
And  oft  'tis  seen,  tlie  wicked  prize  itself 
Buvs  out  tlie  law.  —Slinkti 


JUSTICE  is  lame,  as  well  as  blind,  amongst  us;  T  TNHEARD,  the  injured  orphans  now  compl; 

The  laws,  corrupted  to  their  ends  that  make  them,  *-     The  widow's  cries  address  the  throne  in  v 

Serve  but  for  instruments  of  some  new  tyranny.  Causes  unjudged  disgrace  the  loaded  file. 

That  every  day  starts  up  t'  enslave  us  deeper.  And  sleeping  laws  the  king's  neglect  revile. 

—Ohvay.  —Pric 

i6z 


Moxsit  ®li«st«ttt, 


;^CSCUlus   Ijippocastanum.      Natural  Order:  Sapindacece — Soapberry  Family. 


^\ 


L  1 1    .idniired   for  its   beautiful   tbliage,   the    Horse   Chestnut 
•>  nlal^l^•  cultivated   for  the   shade   it   affords.      Its   name   in 
^«oui    \-ernacular   is    an   exact    translation    from    the    Greek 
ot    the   latter  half  of  the   scientific   name;    and  ^-Esculus, 
.lom   the   Latin  csca,  food,  was  originally  applied  to  a  spe- 
>  (.iLs   of    oak,   and    probably  to    other    like    trees  with    edible 
^   acoln^  01   nuts      The  flowers  are  white,  marked  with  pink  and  yel- 
low      It  IS  ot  \ery  rapid  growth,  and  reaches  the   height   of  thirt}' 
'■i^  oi   foit\    feet  111  a  few  years.     The  tree  is  a  native  of  the  northern 
!>'  pai  t   ot    the  Asiatic   continent.      There   is   a  similar  tree,   called   the 
Esculus  glabia  (smooth),  found  in  Ohio   and  other  western  States, 
^uierall}  known  by  the  name  of  Buckeye.     The  nuts  are  an  irreg- 
ulai,  lounded  shape,  and  a  rich   brown  in  tint.     They  are  more  or 
less  injuuous  to  all  animals  except  deer. 


Jurur^* 


T 


HE.SE  thoughts  he  strove  to  bury  in  expense. 
Rich  meats,  rich  ^vines,  and  vain  magnificence. 


r\    LUXURY!    thou  curs'd  bv  heaven's  decree. 
^How  ill-exchang'd  are  things  hke  these  for  thee! 
How  do  thy  potions,  with  insidious  jov. 
Diffuse  thy  pleasures  only  to  destroy! 


r. 


shame  that  n1.^n,  that  has  the  seeds 
Of  virtue  in  him,  springing  unto  glory. 
Should  make  his  soul  degenerous  with  sin, 
And  slave  to  luxurv. 


-Mannv. 


'ELL  luxury!    more  perilous  to  youth 

Than  storms  or  ciuicksands,  poverty  or  chains 


■flTAR  destroys  men,  but  luxury   mankind 

.\t  once  corrupts ;    the  body  and  the  mind. 


BUT  just  di: 
And  eVrv 


"T^I.S  use  alone  that  sanctifies  expens 
And  splendor  borrows  all  her  ray 

163 


-Haimah 

More 

disease  t 

-.  luxu 

cceed 

■>, 

•ry  death 

its  o\\ 

n  av 

enger 

breeds 
-Pope. 

from  sen 

-Pope. 

-=^s3S 


0cmf)Cfnlnum   tcrtciiuni.      Natural  Order:    Crassulacece— Orpine  Family. 


^^^'ARIOUS    peculiar    shapes    are    assumed    by    this    and    other 
plants  of  the  same   class.      Some    grow  erect    like   the  com- 
mon Orpine  or   Live-forever,  while   the  Houseleek   assumes 
the  shape  of  a  rosette,  each  thick,  pointed  leaf  arranged  in  the 
'most  sj'mmetrical  order,  all  being  so  hardy  that  they  survive  the 
most  adverse  treatment;  growing  in   poor  soil,  or  even  on  walls  or 
•  housetops.      Its  name   literally  denotes,  in  Latin,  the  always  ali\e  of 
roofs.      The    Echeveria,    a    native    of    California    and    Mexico,    is    the 
handsomest    of  the    family,    as    the    leaves    are    co\ered    with    a    tine 
bloom,   such    as   one    sees    on    the    cheek    of   a    plum   or   a   cluster  of 
reshl_\ -plucked    grapes.      The    blossoms    of    some    are    scarlet,    others 
ire  \  ellow.      IManv  of  them  are  most  excellent  tor  the  Ax\  air  of  the 
'sittmg-room,  and   do    not   require    as   much   attention    as   most  other  house 
or  conservatory  plants. 


H 


ER  merry  fit  she  freslilv  'gan  to  r 
And  did  of  joy  and  jollity  devise, 


Herself  to  cherish  and  her  guest  to  cheer. 

-Spen. 


'T'HE  long  carousal  shakes  th'  illumined  ha 
^  Well  speeds  alike  the  banquet  and  the  bal 
And  the  gay  dance  of  bounding  beauty's  trail 
Links  grace  and  harmony  in  happiest  chain. 


'T>HE  seasons  all  had  charms  for 

'^     She  welcomed  each  with  joy ; 

The  charm  that  in  her  spirit  liv'd 

No  changes  could  destroy. 


t 


'yEACH  me  half  the  gladness 
That  thy  brain  must  know 
Such  harmonious  madness 
From  my  lips  would  flow, 
n\A  should  listen  then,  as   I  am   lis 


m 


C)01)a   larilOSa.      NATriJAi,  Order:  Asclc-piadacece — Alilk-wecd  Family. 


K  I'^P^N HOUSES,   conservatories   and    parlors  in   our   latitudes 

L^lull}'  give   shelter  to  these   beautiful  vines,  which   are  indig- 

'  muLs    to    the   warmer   regions   of   India.      It    has    been   called 

ll'i\a    in    lionor    of  T.   Hoy,   an    English    florist,    and    carnosa 

tioiii  the   Latin  caro,  flesh,  because  of  its  thick,  fleshy  leaves. 

"^  Tile  branches  are  twining,  and  need  a  support  to  keep  them 

upright   position.      The  leaves  are  of  an  oval  shape,  terminating 

'w^^ Kt)   in  a  sharp  point,  and  are  beautiful  and  attractive  in  themselves,  havinrj 


y  i^o  ''^    t'i<^  appearance  of  green  wax:    and  the  flowers,  which  bloom  in  dense 


'O  stands  the  statue  that  enchants  the  \vorld, 
80  bending  tries  to  veil  the  matchless  boast, 


The  mingled  beauties  c 

'yO  famed  Apelles,  when  joung  Amnon  broughl 

The  darling  idol  of  his  captive  heart, 

And  the  pleased  nymph  with  kind  attention  sat, 

To  have  her  charms  recorded  bv  his  art. 

—  Wa//er. 


ig  Greece. 

—T/iomJixmi. 

AN  hard  and  unrelenting  she 
As  the  new-crusted  Niobe, 
Or,  what  doth  more  of  statue  carry, 
A  nun  of  the  Platonic  qu.irrv. 


^      \\'hich  ne'er  had  be 


sXIES  and  notions  he  pursues,  A/f  ^'  share  in  pale  Pvrene  I  resign, 

)ut  in  thought:  ■'•'^    And  claim  no  part  in  all  the  mighty 

Each,  like  the  Grecian  .irtist,  wooes  .Statues  with  winding  ivy  crown'd  belong 

The  ini.age  he  himself  has  wrought.  To  nobler  poets,  for  a  nobler  song. 


1 


m^  V""  umbels,  are  supremely  beautiful,  being  waxy  in  texture,  and  in  color  a 


most  delicate  rose-flushed  white.      The  old  flower-stems  should  not  be 

-'iSl£?~  I'emoved,  as  they  bloom   year  after  year.      There  is  a  variety  that  has 

■^  a  pale-\ellow  or  \\'hitish  margin  to  the  leaf     It  does  not  require  a  rich 

soil.     It  has   the   habit,  when  well  growing,   of  starting  out  its  vine  sometimes  a 

vard  or  more  before  the  leaves  make  their  appearance,  and  care  should  be  taken 

not  to  break  these  naked  stems,  as  they  are   rather  tardy  in   growing  again. 


i6s 


^^? 

^^m 


^1? 


Pjisucittt*, 


C)l)aciutl)US   oricntalis.      Natural  Order:  Liliacece—Lily  Family. 


one  is  familiar  witli  tlie  Hyacinth,  which  is  a  great 
,orite  and  is  \ery  generally  culti\-ated,  both  in  the  house 
and  garden.  The  bulb  is  large  and  purple,  having  several 
lanceolate  leaves  which  stand  erect.  The  flower-stalk  is  about 
'^j.^Sstwice  the  height  of  the  leaves,  and  beautified  with  many  bell- 
like blossoms,  varying  in  color  in  the  different  varieties.  It  is 
--.iid  to  have  received  its  name  from  Hyacinthus,  a  boy  beloved  b)' 
Apollo,  and  with  whom  he  was  playing  quoits,  when  Zeph3'rus,  who 
also  loved  the  j^outh,  becoming  jealous  and  enraged,  "blew  the  quoit 
which  Apollo  had  cast  against  the  head  of  Hyacinthus,  thereby  caus- 
ing his  death."  Apollo  then  changed  his  blood  into  the  above  flower. 
It  is  a  native  of  the  Levant,  but  has  long  been  cultivated  in  Europe 
and  America. 


I^hIous^. 


pElIOLD  the  blood  which  late  the  grass  had  dy'd, 
^  Was  now  no  blood;   from  which  a  flower  lull  hlo' 
Far  brighter  than  the  Tyrian  scarlet  shone, 
Which  seem'd  the  same,  or  did  resemble  right 
A  lily,  changing  but  the  red  to  white.       —Ovid. 


T)UT   there   are   storms 
glare  — 


ihose 


jhtn 


i-er 


Tempests,  w-hose  thunders  neyer  cease  to  ro 
The  storms  of  love  when  madden'd  to  despair - 
The  furious  tempests  of  the  jealous  soul. 

— Isaac  C/asoii. 


■pOUL   jealousy!    that  turnest  love  divine 

To  joyless  dread,  and  mak'st  the  loving  heart 

With  hateful  thoughts  to  languish  and  to  pine. 
And  feed  itself  with  self-consuming  smart: 
Of  all  the  passions  in  the  mind  thou  vilest  art. 


-Spen. 


r\  JEALOU.SV!    thou  merciless  destroyer, 
^^    Moi-e  cruel  than  tlie  grave!    what  ravages 
Does  thy  wild  war  make  in  noblest  bosoms! 


-MalM. 


A.S  envy  pines  at  good  possessed, 
So  je.ilousy  looks  forth  distressed 
On  good  that  seems  approaching; 


And  if  success  his  steps  attend, 
Discerns  a  rival  in  a  friend. 
And  hates  him  for  encroaching. 


i 


•M^ 


\} 


pnHramnjea. 


flU^l■allC^ca   f)Ortcnsia.      Natural  Order:  Saxifrag-acccc  —  Saxifraoc  Family. 


ROM  the  circumstance  that   much  water  is  demanded  for  its 

jr*  sustenance,   this   plant    has    been    called    Hydrangea,  from    the 

j?^Gieek  iidor,  water,  and  aggvs,  a  pail.     It  was  called  Hortensia 

b_\    the    French    botanist,  Commerson,   in    honor  of  his    friend, 

v^  Madame  Hortense  Lapeaute.     This  species  is  supposed  to  be 

i>,a  native  of  China.      Its  stem  is  from  one  to  three  feet  high, 

haMug   large,   oval  leaves.      The   flowers,   which    continue   in 

bloom    toi    several    months,   are    at    first    green,   passing    through    the 

\aiious  hues  of  straw-color,  sulphur,  \ellow,  white,  purple,  and  pink. 

Tliey   are    said    to    bloom    best    in    a    rather    shady   location,   as    they 

become  blasted  or  scorched  by  the  extreme  heat  of  the  sun. 


■AKE  up 
Lest  sooi 


more  than  you  by  worth  can  claim; 
you  prove  a  bankrupt  in  your  fame. 


no  spal 
^   Vaun 


ke  the  apostate  angel,  though  in  pain 
ting  aloud,  but  rack'd  with  deep  despair 
—Millon. 


TTTE  rise  in  glory,  as  we  sink  in  pride; 
•  *    Where  boasting  ends,  there  dignity  begins. 


ds, 


pONCEIT,  more  rich  in  matter  than 

^   Brags  of  his  substance,  not  of  ornament : 

They  are  but  beggars  that  can  count  their  wortl 


'T'HIS  self-conceit  is  a  most  dangerous  shelf, 
•*■    Where  many  have  made  shipwreck  unawai 


He  who  doth  trust  too 
Can  never  fail  to  fal 


luch  unt 
in  many 


snares. 
—Earl  of  Sterlhle. 


■p\RAWN  by  conceit  from  reason's  plan, 
^  How  vain  is  that  poor  creature,  man! 
How  pleas'd  in  ev'ry  paltry  elf 
To  prate  about  that  thing,  himself 


IITHAT  art  thou.'     Have  not  I 
^^    An  arm  as  big  as  thine.'  a  heart  as  big.' 
Thy  words,  I  grant,  are  bigger;  for  I  wear  not 
My  dagger  in  my  mouth.  —Slinh-speare. 

167 


p||0S0|r, 


are  the  pure!     Would'st  thou  be  blest? 

spotted  soul.     Would'st  thou  find  rest? 
Around  thy  toils  and  cares  He'll  breathe  a  calm, 
And  to  thy  wounded  spirit  lay  a  balm : 
FroiTi  fear  draw  love,  and  teach  thee  where  to  seek 
Lost  strength  and  grandeur  with  the  bowed  and  meek. 


BLEST  are 


pAST  my  heart's  gold 
^    And  if  it  comes  not 


I'll  be  a  bankrupt  to  thy   hope. 
Shall  shut  its  gates  on  me. 


into  the  furnace  flame, 
thence  reiined  and  pure. 


SHE 
In 


grew  a  sweet  and  sinless  child, 

sun  and  shadow,  calm  and  strife  — 

rainbow  on  the  dark  of  life, 

love's  own  radiant  heaven  down  smiled. 


^ROM  purity  of  thought  all  pleasure  springs, 
And  from  an  humble  spirit  all  our  peace. 


TIKE  bright  metal  on  a  sullen  ground. 

My  reformation,  glittering  o'er  my  fault, 
Shall  show  more  goodly,  and  attract  more  eyes, 
Than  that  which  hath  no  foil  to  set  it  off. 

—  Shakespeare. 


IITASH   me  with  thy  tears!   draw  nigh   me, 

That  their  salt  may  purify  me! 
Thou  remit  my  sins,  who  knowest 
All  the  sinning,  to  the  lowest. 

—From  the  Greek  (trans,  by  E.  B.  Bro-.fing'). 


"lOs^^- 


ArET  time  serves,  wherein  you  may  redeem 

\o\w  banished  honors,  and  restore  yourselves 
Into  the  good  thoughts  of  the  world  again.       -  Shakesfea 
1 68 


1 


CjnSSOpuS   otTldnalis.      Natural  Order:  Lablata: — Mitit  Fa 


'URING  the  Jewish  dispensation  the  Israelites  used  this  plant 

their  purifications  (Exodus  xii,  22).      It  is  found  in   abun- 

"dance  on  the  hills  of  Palestine  near  Jerusalem.     It  is  about 

'two   feet   high,  with  a  bushy  stalk,  an    aromatic   smell,  and  a 

pungent  taste.      The  common  species  is  a  native  of  Europe.      It 

landsome    plant,    having   bright   blue  flowers   and  delicate   leaves. 

|lp    It  is  usually  culti\ated   for  its  medicinal   properties.      The  name   of  this 

W^  plant  is  deri\-ed  from  the   Hebrew  ezub,  through  the  Greek  iissopos. 


|ce*flattt. 


lilIrSCmbinantl)CllUllU   crjlStallilUUn.      Natural  Ohder:  Mcscmhryacca- 
Ice-Plant    Family. 


OT    a    little    curious    and    attractive,    this    plant    has    its    foliage 

'*i\ntiiely  covered  with  protuberances  about   the   size  of  grains 

\  ot    iiarle}-,  that  appear  like  the  most  transparent  ice,  whence 

IS  called  crystallinum ;   the  other  part  of  its  scientific  name, 

lom   the   Greek,  denotes   Midday  Flower.      The   branches 

'^.^-'^  .ue  trailing,  from   ten   to  twelve  inches  in   length,  and  pro- 

t'-"-     (UuL  white  flowers  during  the  whole  summer.      It  is  from  Greece. 
Thcie  ha\e  been  some  new  varieties  introduced  from  the  Cape  of 
i\/<\Tji  („)ocl    Hope,  that  are  adapted  for  conservatory  culture,  the  flowers 
s^Jftj/^of  which  are  yellow,  purple,  purple  and  pink,  and  purple  and  white 
^^^  (.onibined       They   require    very  little    moisture    in   winter,    once    or 
twice  a  month  being  sufficient,  but  the  quantity  should  be  increased 
to  a  geneious  allowance  when  the  blossoms  begin  to  appear.     The 
ditleient  \arieties,  of  which  there  are  several  hundred,  have  quite  a 
di\cisit\   of  foliage. 


/^H,  she  is  colder  than  the  mountain's  snow 
^   To  such  a  subtle  purity  she  's  w  rought, 
She  "s  pray'd  and  tasted  to  a  walking  though 


4 


N' 


rO  dews  of  love  can  warm  the  iceberg  heart, 
Or  melt  the  Alpine  snows  upon  her  breast; 
E'en  flowers  cease  to  spread  their  leaves  ajiart. 
If  by  her  chilling  foot  they  're  prest. 


'pHO.SE  glani 
-'-     The  frosty 


vork  on  me  like  the  weak  shine 
throws  on  the  Appenine, 
When  the  hills'  active  coldness  doth  go  near 
To  freeze  the  glimmering  taper  to  his  sphere. 


The  sculptur'd  beauty  of  her  marble  face 

Is  chill  and  cold  as  e'er  was  marble  stone; 

Those  veinlets  blue,  that  o'er  her  temples  trace, 
Are  like  a  springlet  from  a  glacier  thrown. 
— C.  H.  T. 

pANST  thou  no  kindly  ray  impart, 
^'  Thou  strangely  beauteous  one.' 
Fairer  than  fairest  work  of  art. 
Vet  cold  as  sculptured  stone! 


-Bt'aumojit. 


^KSs* 


169 


r 


vlbutiloil    !~luiccinur.       Xatikai.   Orpkh:  Ma/vacciv  —  Mal/ow  Family. 


^V.ESIDENTS  bv  natural  selection  of  the  warmer  latitudes,  the 
Mallows  bear  the  colder  climates  with  an  easy  adaptability  to 
i  f'^ltcni.umstances,  and  ta\'or  us  with  their  flowers  without  stint. 
The  plant,  as  the  name  indicates,  is  a  native  of  the  East  and 
West  Indies,  growing  about  the  height  of  the  hollj-hock,  hav- 
^i  ing  broad,  velvety  leaves,  and  producing  flowers  about  an  inch 
across,  the  color  of  which  is  yellow.  Another  species  of  Abutilon,  adapted 
^only  to  house  or  conservatory  growth,  is  a  shrub  from  Brazil,  growing 
several  feet  in  height,  with  broad,  palmate  leaves,  and  handsome,  bell- 
shaped  flowers  of  yellow,  curiously  veined  with  a  dark  red.  Planted  in 
the  ground  in  the  greenhouse,  the  trunk  becomes  several  inches  in  thick- 
ness, but  can  accommodate  itself  to  limited  quarters  in  pot  culture.  To 
bloom  well  it  must  have  the  sun.  The  origin  of  the  name  Abutilon  is 
unknown;  Avicenna  was  a  celebrated  Arabian  physician  and  philosopher 
of  the  middle  ages. 


Jlslimalictn. 


QHE  attracts  me  dail( 
^  So  soft,  and  beautit" 

plant  of  hasty  growth, 
Tho'  planted  in  esteem's  deep-fixed  soil, 
The  gradual  culture  of  kind  intercourse 
Must  bring  it  to  perfection.        —Joanna  Baillk. 


vith  her  gent 
and  heavenl 


•pRIENDSHIP 


H' 


OW  much  to  be  . 
On  whom  we  can  ahvays 
Our  jovs,  when  extended,  wil 
And  griefs,  when  divided,  are 


Hillhojise. 

priz'd  and  esteem'd  is  a  friend, 
th  safety  depend ! 
dways  increase. 


lush  d  mto  peace. 
-Mrs.  Margaret  Smith. 


'T'HOU  gav'st  me  that  the  poor  do  give  the  poor, 

^     Kind  words  and  holy   wishes,  and  true  tears; 
The  loved,  the  near  of  kin,  could  do  no  more. 

Who  changed  not  with  the  gloom  of  varying  years, 
But  chmg  the  closer  when  I  stood  forlorn. 
And  blunted  slander's  dart  with  their  indignant  scorn. 


1 


m 


3^ 


|:^3c>mice^. 


Ouamoclit   milqaris.      Xatukal  Order:    Co)2vohulaceiC  —  Convolvulus  Family. 


\MOCLIT  (an  aboriginal  Mexican  name)  is  a  vine  of  deli- 
L  itL  cind  air\-  appearance,  its  leaves  being  small  and  feather- 
H«.-  like,  and  the  stem  slender,  growing  to  about  eight  or  ten 
Lt  in  length.      The  flowers  are  small   but  beautifully  bril- 
liant,  and   very  abundant.      One  or  two    new   variedes    have 
'appealed,  introducing  both  white  and  pink,  which,  combined 
with  the   Lumson   or  scarlet,  produce  a  pretty  effect  when   trained 
^'"^upon  a  tielhs  oi   other  support.      The  seeds  are  somewhat  difficult  of 
1*   geimination,  and   should   be   soaked  in  warm  water  for  a   short  time 
'before  planting,  otherwise  they  are  apt  to  decay  before  sprouting.     This 
vine  passes  varioush'  under  the  names  Ipomoea  (from  the  Greek,  and 
signifying,  like  the  ips,  a  vine  worm),  Quamoclit,  and  Cypress  Vine, 
and  is  nearly  related  to  the  morning  glories  and  others  passing  under 
the  general  name  of  Convolvulus. 


%\\ni\vx%w\. 


SVT  golden  p.icllc 
From  soul  to  sc 


s  on  truth's 
o'er  all  the 


be  callous 
Id  leaps  or 


IS  ye  will, 
electric  thrill. 


-LovM-n. 


/^H!  there  is  one  affection  which  no  stain 
^^   Of  earth  can  ever  darken;  when  two  find. 
The  softer  and  the  manlier,  that  a  chain 

Of  kindred  taste  has  fastened  mind  to  mind : 


^u. 


but  human  lo' 
near  divine, 
That  my  heart  clings 
Even  to  life  like  m 


'Tis  an  attraction  fi-om  all  sense  refined ; 
The  good  can  only  know  it;  'tis  not  blind. 
As  love  is  unto  baseness;  its  desire 
Is  but  with  hands  entwin'd  to  lift  our  being  higher. 
-Pcrcival. 

-:  full  heart  reveal 
o\  e  it  would  conceal. 

—  Coleridere. 

Love  is  sweeter  far  than  rest  — 

That  alone  I  know  — 
And  the  soul  that  loves  me  best 

Will  not  let  me  go. 

—Mary  B.  Datlffe. 


w 


l\ 


^^^ 


M 


g^jcimjcipsis 


&i\a   COrOHOpitolia.      Natural  Ordek:  Polcmoniacccc — Pole 


Familv. 


1  L  \USE  of  its  finely  pinnatifid  foliage,  nearly  resembling  the 

t\p:ess   vine,   this    plant   used    to  be,   and    perhaps   is   still,   in 

some   localities,   called    Standing   Cypress;    but   it   belongs   to 

•     mothei    class  of  plants.      It  is  a  handsome  plant,  though  not 

1  blooming  until  the  second  year.     Seeds  should  be  sown  ever}- 

spiing  for  the  ne.xt  year's  blooming,  as  should  be  done  with 

ill  bicnnialb,  m  older  to  have  them  every  summer.     The  first  year,  the 

Ipomopsis  rests  like  a  tuft  of  finely-cut  leaves  close  to  the  ground,  and 

v^  should  be  iemo\ed  and  kept  in  sand  free  from  moisture  and  hard  frost, 

oi,  il  kit  in  the  ground,  the  soil  must  be  well  drained,  as  they  are  liable 

^^    to  deL^^    with  much  dampness.     The  second  year,  the  stalk  rises  and 

branches,  covering  itself  with  thread-like  foliage,  while  its  tubular  flowers 

of  scarlet,  yellow,  or  rose,  surround  its  stems  for  a  foot  or  more. 


H' 


5  jumped  the  brook,  he  has  cHinbed  the  knowe, 
There  's  never  a  faster  loot,   I   know. 
But  still  he  seems  to  tarry.  —SiJiuv  Dobell. 


■pE  not  long,  tor 
-D  Exquisite  inter' 


the  tedious  minutes, 
,  I'm  on  the  rack: 
For  sure  the  greatest  evil  man  can  know. 
Bears  no  proportion  to  this  dread  suspense. 
—Fm 


0': 


nnpatience  gams  upon  my  soul 
Wlien  the  long-promis'd  hour  of  joy  draws  near; 
How  slow  the  tardy  moments  seem  to  roll. 
What  specters  rise  of  inconsistent  fear. 

—Mrs.  Tighe. 


r\  THAT  man   might  know 

The  end  of  this  day's  business,  ere  it  come! 
But  it  sufficeth  that  the  day  will  end. 
And  then  the  end  is  known.  —Slmkesfcarc. 


s° 


tedious  Is  this  dav, 

is  the  night  before  some  festival 
To  an  impatient  child  that  liath  new   rolji 
And  mav  not  wear  them.  —Shaken 


AND 


there  are  hearts  that  watch  and  wait 
For  those  who  toil  upon  the  shore: 
Their  welcome  footstep  at  the  gate 

Is   heard  —  ah!   nevermore!  —Grorge  Cooper. 


\! 


■^, 


%v%&. 


3v'\5   Samluuiua.      Xaturai.  Order:  Iridacav—Iris  Family. 

"*'  LANTS   of    this    order    are    chiefly   natives   ol    the    Cape    of 

(iKod   Hope;  but  the  above  species,  sambucina  (elder-scented), 

unl  some  others,  are  natives  of  the  southern  part  of  Europe, 

and  are  quite  common  in  our  own  gardens.     There  are  three 

_^     other  \arieties  of  the   Iris  which  are  very  pretty.     The  first 

'^^y"  '    "-vtjMs  a  tall  plant  from  the  Le\ant,  with  sulphur-yellow  flowers; 

'the   seLond    is   from   China,   being   a  small    plant  with   striped   flowers; 

,and  the   Dwaif  Iris,  which   is  often   used  for  the  borderings  of  garden 

\  alks.  as  It   blooms  earlv  in   spring.     Orris   root   is   manufactured   from 

''the   loot   ol    the   Iris   florentina,  and    has  a  fragrance   resembling  violets. 

It  is  used  in  various  dentritices,  and  to  perfume  the  breath. 


Esscngcr. 


ACIl 
To 


)ress'd,  and  open  every 
ijings,  though  they  no 


ol 


'T'HE  rabble  gather  round  th. 
^   And  listen  with  their  mouths  wide  open :    some 
Tell,  some  hear,  some  judge  of  news,  some  make  it. 
And  he  that  lies  most  loud  is  most  believed. 

-DryJe,,. 

T  ET  nie  hear  from  thee  b; 
Of  thy  success  in  love 
Bttideth   here,  in  absi 


Y" 


first  bringer  of  unwelcome  news 
Hath  but  a  losing  office;   and  his  tongi: 
Sounds  ever  after  as  a  sullen  bell, 
Remember'd  knoHing  a  departing  friend. 

—  Shakespmr 


.■e;   and  what  news 
of  thv  friend. 


else 


H 


E  whi^tles  as  he  goes,  light-hearted  wi 
Cold  and  yet  cheerful ;  messenger  of 
haps  to  thousands,  and  of  joy  to  some 
him  indifferent  whether  grief  or  joy. 


TRLS  there,  with  humid  bow, 

Waters  the  odorous  banks  that 
Flowers  of  more  mingled  hue 
Than  her  purpled  scarf  can  show. 


—Co-.vfer. 
r^  IVE  to  a  gracious  message 
^   An   host  of  tongues;    but  lei 
Themselves,  when  they  be  felt. 


ill  tidings  tell 
—  X/iaie.s/airt: 


^ 


C)tllCia   l)clii'.      Natural  Order:  Ara/iacdc  —  Ginseng  Family. 


i€a:>22^\ 


9 


li 


^^  ^  ^4- : 


■^i^ 


\  Y  is  an  evergreen  vine,  native  of  Great  Britain,  and  attains 
the   lieight  of  forty  or    fifty  feet,   sustaining  itself  by  tults  of 
libers,  which  insert  themselves  into  the  crevices  of  the  walls 
that  support  it.      Hedera  is  its  old  Latin  name,  and  helix  in 
Greek  and  Latin  signifies  twisted.     After  having  grown  to  its 
utmost  height,  its  climbing  character  ceases,  "  the  leaf  changes 
iioin  <i  pcJmate  to  a  lengthened  oval   shape;  it  then  forms   a  bush  two 
oi    thiee  feet   high,  surmounted   by  an   abundance  of  branches  of  inter- 
tstmg  gicenish  flowers"  that  bloom  in  October.     They  frequently  attain 
a  gieat  age.     One  is  mentioned  by  De  Candolle  as  being  four  hundred 
and  thiit} -three  years  old,  which  measured  six  feet  in  circumference  at 
the  base,  covering  a  surface  of  over  seventy  square  yards  with  its  hand- 
some foliage.     It  was  used  among  the  Greeks  to  decorate  their  heroes  and 
poets,  and  also  as  a  crown  to  Bacchus,  although  he  is  represented  at  other 
times  crowned  with  grape  leaves  as  the  god  of  wine. 


QHE  clung  to  him   with    woman's  love, 
^   Like  ivy  to  the  oak, 
While  on  his  he.-id,   with  crushing  force. 
Earth's  chilling  tempest  broke.      


T^AST  he  stealeth  on,  though  he  wears  no  wings. 

And  a  staunch  old  heart  has  he! 
How  closely  he  tvvineth,  how  tight  he  clings 

To  his  iricnd,  the  huge  oak  tree! 
And   slily  he  trailcth  along  the  ground. 


And  his  leaves  he  gently  waves. 
And  he  joyously  twines  and  hugs  around 
The  rich  mould  ot"  dead  men's  graves, 


Creeping  where  n 
A  rare  old  plant 


ife  is  seen, 


T   HAD  a 

A     I  was  1 


friend  th: 


he  liv'd   not  but  in   me; 
We  were  so  close  within  each  other's  breast 
The  rivets  were  not  found  that  join'd  us  first. 
—Dryo 

'74 


^ 


i 


^^ 


lasmilUlllt   offutnak.       Natural  Order:    yasmiiiacciC  —  yasmiiic  Family. 


IllTE  JASMINE   is  a  splendid  shrub,  climbing   on   supports 
I  .1    JKMi^ht   of  tilteen   or   twent}'  feet,   and   is   much   used    in 
'  Euiope  tor  the  covering  of  arbors  and  trellises.     It  is  not 
sutliciently   hardy  to    endure    the    winters    of  our    Northern 
Mates  \\  ithout  the  protection  of  a  wall  or  other  building    to 
defend    it    tiom    the    fierce    breath   of   the   ungenial    north   wind, 
rs  are  beautiful  and  fragrant,  and  their  praises  have  been  beau- 
Lord   Morpeth  (afterward  earl  of  Carlisle),  who  says: 


■'I  ;isk  not,  while  I   ntar  thee  dwc 

Arabia's  spice  or  Syria's  rose; 

Tliy  bright  festoons  more  freshly 

Thv   viri;in  white  more  freshlv 


There  is  in  the  tropical  parts  of  the  United  States  a  tine  Jasmine  with  beautiful 
yellow  blossoms,  that  is  hea\-il3-  laden  with  delightful  perfume.  It  is  now  culti- 
vated in  all  warm  climes,  but  was  unknown  in  Europe  until  1560,  when  it  was 
introduced  by  the  Spaniards  from  the  East. 


^miatiiiii^. 


ing  jessiiniine  and   blushing  rose 

ivish  grace  their  morning  scents  disclose. 


-Pr, 


AND  oft  whe 
•   In  after  ye 
He  pictured  hi: 


from  that  scorching  shore, 
.rs  those  odors  came, 
green  cottage  door, 


Far, 


The  shady  porch  and  window  frame, 

TTOW  lovelily  the  jasmine  flower 

Blooms  far  from  man's  observing  eye 
And  having  lived  its  little  hour, 

There  withers, —  there  sequester'd  dies! 


\-  across  the  loam : 
The  very  jasmine-flower  that  crept 
Round  the  thatched  roof  about  his  home 
Where  she  he  loved  then  safely  slept. 
-Miller 

Though  faded,  yet  'tis  not  forgot; 

A  rich  perfume,  time  cannot  sever. 
Lingers  in  that  unfriended  spot. 

And  decks  the  jasmine's  grave  forever. 
-Ryau 


m 


ilunifiCl"   communis.      Natural  Order:    Conifcra:  —  Pine  Family. 


fjf^    f    UNIPER  belongs  to  an  order  which  is  among  the  most  useful  to 

-i^minkind,  not  only  for  the  lumber  which   they  yield,  but   also  lor 
T**  '  ■'  .       '  .  .   . 

the  medicinal   properties  which  lie  in  their  resinous  juices.      The 

\.  Juniper  inhabits  hills,  dry  woods   and  groves,  and  is  about  eight 


"^  feet  high.     The  berries  do  not  ripen  until  the  second  year  after 

the  blossom;  they  are  sometimes  used  in  medicine.      The  Juniper 

w  ^s  toi  merly  dedicated  to  Meg£era,  Tisiphone  and  Alecto,  the  three 

d  m^hters  of  Nox  and  Acheron,  who  ministered  the  vengeance  of 

^  the  gods.      They  were  called  bj'  the  Greeks,  Erinnyes  and  Eumen- 

Tides     md  bv  the  Romans,  Ferria'  and  Dira;. 


J^s^Ium, 


'HE  night,  at  least,  with  mt-  Ibrge 
Chestnuts,  and  cin-ds,  and  cream 


vour  care; 
shall  be  your  fare. 

-Dry  del 


Hi: 


knocked,  was  welcomed  in,  none  asked  his  name 


T^HEREIN 
^     Not  with 


But  he  was  beckoned  to  the  stranger 
Right  side  the  chimney   fire  of  blazin 


peat. 
—CamfWll. 


he  them  full  fair  did  entertain, 
such  forged  shows  as  fitter  been 
F"or  courting  fools,  that  courtesies  would  fainc. 
But  with  entire  aflection  and  appearance  plain. 


H 


I  thought  them  folks  that  losi 
And  ask'd  them  civilly  to  sta 


thei) 


H' 


as  known  to  all  the  • 
heir    wanderings    but 


•agrant 
reliev'c 


tram, 
their 


'l"he  long-remembered  beggar  was  his  guest. 
Whose  beard  descending  swept  his  aged  breast. 
The  ruined  spendthrift,  now  no  longer  proud, 


Claimed  kindred  there  and  had  his  claim  allowed ; 
The  broken  soldier,  kindly  bade  to  stay. 
Sate  by  his  fire  and  talked  the  night  away; 
Wept  o'er  his  wounds,  or  tales  of  sorrow  done, 
Shoulder'd  his  crutch  and  show'd  ho\v  fields  were 
won.  —Goldsmith. 


'T^HE  man  their  hearty  welcome  first  express'd, 

A  cominon  settle  drew  for  either  guest, 
Inviting  each  his  weary  limbs  to  rest. 

176 


-Drydei 


^ 


gmsticiE 


iJustina   caviica.      Natural  Okder:  AcanthacciV — Acanthus  Family. 


LL    the    Justicias    are    half-shrubby    plants    from    the    tropical 

portions   of  the   world,  some    of  which    are    kept    in    the    hot- 

■' house,    and    others,    though    few,    in    the    greenhouse.      The 

Justicia   carnea   has   flowers  of  a  flesh-colored  tint,  with   many 

■2^  in   bloom  at  one  time,  which   appear  successively  for  a  long 

'     -'j  ^"^season.    Justicia  coccinea  has  scarlet  blossoms  which  make 

their   appearance    during    mid-winter,    continuing   until    spring.     There 

are   some   four  or   five  other   varieties,   and    all   are    fine    plants.      To 

make  them  fine,  healthy  specimens,  they  require  a  strong  light,  or  to 

be  kept  near  the  glass,  in  moderately  large  pots,  well  drained. 


^[Ema^  Jouclin 


ESS. 


H 


ER  form  was  fresher  than  the  morning  rose 
When  the  dew  wets  its  leaves;   unstained  and  pure 
is  the  lily,  or  the  mountain  snow.       —Thompson. 


N°:: 


vonder  that  cheek,  in  its  beautv  transcendant, 
Excelleth  the  beautv  of  others  by  far; 
No  wonder  that  eye  is  so  rich  and  resplendent. 
For  your  heart  is  a  rose,  and  your  soul  is  a  star. 
— Mr^.  Osgood. 


T 


HOU  art  beautiful,  young  lady 


For  few  have  borne,  unconsciously 
The  spell  of  loveliness. 


'T*HE  fairness  of  her  face  no  tongue  car 

For  she  the  daughters  of  all  woman 
And  angels  eke  in  beautie  doth  excel. 


-  Spens, 


w 


w"; 


IL 


HAT'S  female  beauty,  but  an  air  divine, 
Through  which  the   mind's  all   gentle  grace 
shine.' 
•,  like  the  sun,  irradiate  all  between; 
body  charms,  because  the  soul  is  seen. 

A    LAVISH  planet  reign'd  when  she  was  born, 
■'*■  And  made  her  of  such  kindred  mould  to  heav'n. 
She  seems  more  heav'n's  than  ours.  —Lee. 

M  177 


approach 

Her  loveliness,  so  absolute  she  seems 

And  in  herself  complete,  so  well  to  know 

Her  own,  that  what  she  wills  to  do  or  say 

Seems  wisest,  virtuousest,  discreetest,  best. 

—Milton. 


r 


g:jemmjell||ii< 


Kc^nc^l1a   lllOllopljnlla.      Natural  Order:  Lcgiiniiiiosic  —  Pitlsc  Family. 


HENNEDYA,  a  native  of  New  South  Wales,  is  found  in  the 
conservatory  or  greenhouse,  occupying  a  prominent  position 
among  the  beautiful  climbers,  some  of  the  species,  however, 
being  as  yet  quite  rare.  The  commonest  variety  has  either  blue 
1  crimson  flowers.  There  are  others  with  scarlet,  purple,  and 
iiL-  with  nearly  black,  flowers.  They  grow  readily  from  seed, 
i^h  should  be  soaked  in  warm  water  previous  to  planting,  and 
be  grown  in  pots,  or  placed  in  the  ground  when  the  weather  is 
and  settled.     The  pots  should  be  well  drained. 


ALL  higher  knowledge  in  lier  presence  falls 

Degraded,  wisdom  in  discourse  with  her 
Loses  discount'nanced,  and  like  foil}'  shows. 

—Milton. 


Ill  ARK  her  majestic  fabric!  she  's  a  temple 
•'■'^   Sacred  by  birth,  and  built  bj  hands  divine 
Her  soul  's  the  deity  that  lodges  there ; 
Nor  is  the  pile  unworthy  of  the  god.        —Drydc 


w 


HAT  'S  the  brow, 
Or  the  eye's  luster,  or  the  step  of  air. 


Or  color,  but  the  beautiful  links  that  chain 
The  mind  from  its  rare  elements.         —Willis. 


'T'HINK  of  her  worth,  and  think  that  God  did  mean 
This  worthy  mind  should  worthy  things  embrace; 
Blot  not  her  beauties  with  th_y  thoughts  unclean. 
Nor  her  dishonor  with  thy  passion  base.  —Sir  J.  Davies. 

ind  alone,  (bear  witness  earth  and  heaven  !)       .Sit  paramount  the  graces;  here  enthron'd. 


The  living  fountai 
Of  beauteous  and  subli 


in  itself  cont; 
■;  here,  hand 


cstial  Venus, 
ites  the  soul 


A    MIND  of  broad  and  vigorous  scope, 
A  penetration  quick  and  keen, 
An  insight  into  things  unseen, 
A  liberal  dower  of  faith  and  hope. 

-KaU  7.  Hill. 
,7s 


^i 


^ 


gnAf^s  ^liw^r. 


y 


(finjjripcMuiU   pubrSCCns.      Natural  Order:   Orchidacav — Orchis  Family. 


OST  of  these  plants  delight  in  damp,  marshy  ground,  revel- 
ing   beside    brooks,    bending    over    springs,    hiding    in    the 
^csborders     of    woods,     and     sporting     on     the     boundless 
airie;    dancing   to  the   music  of  the  wind  or   the   rippling 
water  with  as  much  grace  and  ease  as  Terpsichore  herself. 
^  ^i'"  Some  of  the  blossoms   of  the   species  found  in   the  western 
oods    are    very    large,    especially    the    above    variet}',    which    will 
>ld   at   least  two  tablespoonfuls  of  fluid,  and  is  of  a  bright  j-ellow 
coloi,  with   dark,   spots  within  the   aperture.     The  shape  is  sim- 
J5>^  ilai    to   the  blossoms  of  the   Calceolarias   of  the   greenhouse  —  that 
like  a  pouch  or  bag. 


litkbit 


t%%. 


V 


'HEY  know  how  fickle  common  lovers  are, 
Their  oaths  and  vows  are  cautiously  believed, 
For  lew  there  are  but  have  been  once  deceived. 

—Dryde 

TIKE  conquering  tyrants  you  our  breasts  invade, 
Where  you  are  pleased  to  ravage  for  a  while: 
But  soon  you  find  new  conquests  out,  and  leave 
The  ravag'd  province  ruinate  and  bare. 


INCONSTANT  as  the  passing  wind. 

As  winter's  dreary  trost  unkind; 
To  fix  her,  'twere  a  task  as  vain 
To  count  the  April  drops  of  rain. 


OEPROVE  me  not  that  still  I  change 
^'-  With  every  changing  hour. 
For  glorious  nature  gives  me  leave 
In  wave,  and  cloud,  and  flower. 


Yon  soft,  light  cloud,  at  morning  hour. 
Looked  dark  and  full  of  tears: 

At  noon  it  seemed  a  rosy  flower  — 
Now  gorgeous  gold  appears. 


w 


■y   trom  ourser 
know  we  in  c 


So  yield  I  to  the  deepening  light 
That  dawns  around  my  way; 

Because  you  linger  with  the  night. 
Shall  I  my  noon  delay. 

—Frances  S.   Osgood. 

■  each  day  in  mind, 

selves,  ourselves  to  find.       —Heath. 


-  ■    fcj^ 


ga'fcje^fl0iiajer< 


£ininantl)Cimini    lacimosa.       Natluial  Ordeh:    Gcntianacecv  — Gentian  Family. 


ins  is  a  curious  water  plant,  usually  found  in  stagnant  ponds 
or  quiet   lakes,  or  even   in  rivers  where  the  water  has  set 
back   in  some   hollow  on   its  shore,  and  where  the  current 
fails  to  stir  its  sleepy  stillness.     The  leaves  float  on  the  sur- 
face,  the    stems    always   accommodating  their  length  to  the 
depth  of  the  water.     The  flowers  are  small  and  white,  from 
half  to  three-quarters  of  an  inch   broad,  and   arranged  in   the  form 
an   umbel,  appearing  one  at  a  time  on  the  top  of  the  water  and 
g.     It  is  sometimes  called  Floating  Heart,  and  is  found  most 
|uently    in    the    States    bordering    on    the    Atlantic.     Its    botanical 
ne    is    from    the    Greek    lininc,  a    lake    or    pool,    and    mitheiiioii,    a 
wer;    the    Latin    laciinom   added,    merely    reduplicates    the    idea   of 
i^  pond  or  marsh.     There  are  at  present  but  nine  species  enumerated. 


TTOW  much  they  err,  who,  to  their  interest  bUnd, 

SHght  the  cahn  peace  which  from  retirement  flows! 
And  while  they  think  their  fleeting  joys  to  bind, 
Banish  the  tranquil  bliss  which  heav'n   for  man  design'd. 

—Mrs.   Tight. 


dwt 


■PVEAR  solitary  groves  where  peac 

Sweet  harbors  of  pure  love  and  innoccui 
How  willingly  could  I  forever  stray 


strear 


Beneath  the  sh.ade  of  your  embraci 


ng  green 


List'ning  to  the  harmony  of  warbling  birds, 

'T'HE  shadowy  desert,  unfrequented  woods, 

I  better  brook  than  flourishing,  peopled  towi 
There  I  can  sit  alone,  unseen  of  any, 
And  to  the  nightingale's  complaining  notes 
Tune  my  distresses,  and  record  my  woes. 

—  Shakci:peart 


Tun'd  with  the  gentle  murmur  of 

Upon  whose  banks,  in  various  livery, 

The  fragrant  offspring  of  the  early  year,     [down. 

Their   heads,    like   graceful    swans,   bent   proudly 

.See  their  own  beauties  in  the  crystal  flood. 

— Roche.^ter. 

ry\\    by  thy  side, 

^^    Far  from  the  tumult  and  the  throng  of  men, 
And  the  vain  cares  that  vex  poor  human  life, 
'Twere  happiness  to  dwell  alone  with  thee. 
And  the  wide,  solemn  grandeur  of  the  scene. 
•      —Mrs.  Ellet. 


CoutoUX   Ultiicaua.      Natural  Order:    Verbciiacece — Vervain  Family. 


^  ^^-if^  ■  IS  to  the  tropics  that  we  are  indebted  for  this  beautiful 
.    jk^  '^     ciddition  to  our  flora.      The  plants  are  shrubby,  and  can  be 

i-F?>,^ cultivated  in  the  hothouse  or  conservatory,  or  may  be  placed 
^^  -k      111  the  garden  during  sum: 

^-■^A   giound,  and  many  adopt  the  plan  of  placing  it  in 


e  garden  during  summer.  It  grows  very  rapidly  in  the 
,:jj  ^  L^i  ^^--^  gi ound,  and  many  adopt  the  plan  of  placing  it  in  a  medium- 
j^*  ^^'^^  bized  pot,  and  putting  the  pot  along  with  the  plant  in  the 
^  ground,  as  that  plan  curtails  the  roots  and  prevents  the  plant  from 
3&.  growing  too  straggling,  and  thereby  rewarding  the  cultivator  with  more 
^>vu^  flowers.  The  blossoms  have  the  peculiarity  of  coming  out  one  color, 
^^jMx  and  passing  through  different  shades  to  another  color;  a  quality  which 
^JaI^  always  gives  a   pleasing   aspect  to  the   plant.     They  are  very  suscep- 


tible to  frost. 


ligc] 


*ULL  many  a  stoic  eye  and  aspect  stern 

Mask  hearts  where  grief  hath  Httle  left  to  learn. 


^HYs, 
*  *     Man 


tand'st  thou  idle  here?  lend  nie  thy  sword 


Under  the  hoofs  of  vaunting  enemies, 
Whose  deaths  are  unrevenged. 


!     T_J  IS  awful  presence  did  the  crowd  surprise, 

Nor  durst  the  rash  spectator  meet  his  eyes: 
Eyes  that  confess'd  him  born  for  kingly  sway. 
So  fierce  they  flashed  intolerable  day. 


EN   who  their  duties  know, 
■    But  know  their  rights,  and,  knowing,  dare  maintain  them. 


His  eye 
Had  that  compelling  dignity, 
His  mien  that  bearing,  haught 
Which  common  spirits  fear. 

jV/TUST  not  earth  be  rent 

Before  her  gems  are  foim 


T' 


-Sir  \V.  Jnnes:. 

*HIS  too  much  lenity 
And  harmful  pity  must  be  laid  aside. 
nd  high,  To  whom  do  lions  cast  their  gentle  looks.' 

—Scoit.       Not  to  the  beast  that  would  usurp  their  den; 
Whose  hand  is  that  the  forest  bear  would  lick? 
Not  his  that  spoils  her  young  before  her  face. 
—  Shakespeare. 


^^m 


■^i 


MttiBpnv^ 


Dclfll)ilUUlll    gvanililloruill.      Natural  Order:  Rauunctdacccc—  Cro-Jiifoot  Farnily. 


I  FRIA  is  the  native  country  of  two  of  the  prettiest  species  of 

1  plants,    and    they    are    consequently    very    hardy.      All    the 

ties  were  much  neglected  a  few  years  ago,  but  recently  a 

t  deal  of  care  has  been  taken   with'  the  double  ones,  some 

t  the  shades  of  blue  being  very  choice.     Although  the  flowers 

1    )m   in  spikes,  which    render  them    unsuitable  to  the  modern 

bouquet,  florists  have  overcome  that  difficulty  by  detaching 

e\ch    blossom,   giving   it   an   artificial  stem   of  broom-straw,   or   some- 

^  thing   similar,   secured    by   a   bit   of  thread    or   w^ire,    and    arranging 

them  as  desirable.     The  perennial  varieties  are  superior  in  every  way 

to  the  annual  ones.     It  is  called  Delphinium  from  a  fancied  resemblance 

of  the   flower  in   shape   to    the   dolphin,   and   grandiflorum   because  of 

large  flowers. 


Jniii]|* 


TAUGH  not  too  much;   the  witty  man  laughs  least: 

For  wit  is  news  only  to  ignorance. 
Less  at  thine  own  things  laugh;   lest  in  the  jest 

Thy  person  share,  and  the  conceit  advance. 

— George  Herbert. 


l\j  ETHOUGHT  it  was  the  sound 

Of  riot  and  ill-managed  merriment, 


/"^OME,  sisters,  cheer  we  up  his  sprights, 
^'   And  show  the  best  of  our  delights : 


Such  as  the  jocund  flute  and  gamesome  pipe 
Stirs  up  among  the  loose,  unletter'd  hinds. 


We  '11  charm  the  air  to  give  a  sound, 
While  you  perform  your  antic  round. 
—Milton.  —  Shttkespei 

ARE  to  our  coffin  adds  a  nail,  no  doubt; 
And  every  grin,  so  merry,  draws  one  out. 


^ILL  the  bowl  with  ro 
Around  our  temples 


rme, 


And  let  us  cheerfully 
Like  the  wine  and  roi 
Crowned  with  roses,  % 
Gyges'  wealthy  diader 


a  while, 
es,  smile. 
'e  contemn 


—Dr.  Wahot. 
Today  is  ours;   what  do  we  fe.ir.' 
Today  is  ours;   we  have  it  here; 
Let 's  treat  it  kindly,  that  it  may 
Wish  at  least  with  us  to  stay. 
Let 's  banish  business,  banish 
To  the  gods  belongs  tomorrow 


m 


r 


X:amirjel< 


ilClUVCUS   UObilis.      Natural  Order:  Laiiracctr — Laurel  Fa7nily. 


AUREL  is  a  shrub  which  grows   in  heiglit   from   four  to  six- 
feet,  having  a  liberal  supply  of  beautiful  evergreen  foliage,  which 


^  w  as  much  used  by  the  ancients  in  decorating  the  brows  of  their 
hei  oes.  Chaplets  of  Laurel  were  given  as  a  reward  to  orators, 
1^^  philosophers   and   poets,      ^sculapius,  the    god   of  physic, 

"  ^  wears  a  crown  of  laurel,  because  of  its  power  in  the  cure 
ol  diseases  Daphne  is  said  to  have  been  changed  into  a  laurel  when 
she  fkd  iiom  the  embrace  of  Apollo,  whence  its  botanical  name;  and 
Luueola,  lauius  (laurel),  seem  allied  to  the  Latin  laus,  praise.  The 
Lauiel  tiee  is  of  a  very  hot,  acrid  nature.  It  is  always  flourishing, 
never  old,  and  conduces,  according  to  the  ancients,  to  divination  and 
poetic  raptures.  The  leaves,  when  put  under  the  pillow,  are  said  to 
produce  true  dreams. 


Utir^, 


p  LORIES,  like  glow-worms,  afar  oft"  shine  bright; 
^    But  look'd  too  near,  have  neither  lieat  or  light. 


AND  should  the  aspiring  man, 
■^   Of  other's  hurts,  not  hurt 


akes 


5,  not  hurt  himself  for  gain? 
Not,  when  he  stabs  another  for  a  purse, 
Prick   his  own  bosom  for  a  dearer  price, 
And  wound  his  heart  to  laurel-crown  his  head. 


A"- 


iLAS  for  human  greatness!  and  alas 

For  glory's  splendor  on  a  mortal  brow! 
The  stateliest  realms  must  down  to  ruin  pas 
And  mightiest  monarchs  to  a  mightier  bow; 
Alas!  will  death  ne'er  spare  a  gallant  foe.' 


-C.  W.  Ev. 


/^LORY,  like  time,  progi-ession  does  require; 
^   When  it  does  cease  t'  .advance,  it  does  expire. 

—Lord  Orrery. 


pLORY  is  like  a  circle  in  the  water, 
"    Which  never  ceaseth  to  en&rge  itself, 
Till,  by  broad  spreading,  it  disperse  to  nought. 
—Shakespec 


w 


fame.' 


"H.\T  is  glory.'     Wh.it 
The  echo  of  a  long-lost  name; 
.\  breath,  an  idle  hour's  brief  talk. 


■pOR  this  world's  glory 

-'■     Is  figur'd  in  the  moon ;  they  both  wax  dull, 

And  sulTer  their  eclipses  in  the  full.      ^Aleyn. 

'S3 


gamriestiiit. 


'^ 


lliburiUllU   iiliuUS,      Natural  Order:    Capr/fo/iacccT — Honeysuckle  Family. 


'^Tjj^J'IBURNUM    or    Laurestine    is    a    fine,    handsome,    evergreen 

il^  shrub,  a   native  of  Europe,  and  in  our    Northern    States  is 

Vf  -^  considered   as  more    adapted   for  the    house   than   the   lawn, 

wheie  It  can  be  placed,  in  the  Southern  States.     The  flowers 

bloom  in  small  clusters,  and  are  scarcely  a  pure  white,  having  a 

slight  tinge  of  red;   they  appear  in  early  spring.     There  is  a  new, 

sweet-scented  variety  from  China,  but  it  is  said  to  bloom  less  freely. 

Some  few  others  are  also  desirable,  and  no  doubt  in  a  few  years  they 

will  become  thoroughly  hardy,  as  they  lack  but  little  of  the  required 

amount  of  vigor. 


I  |i,  ill  1«b1«1'^- 


Y  heart  seems  breaking,  Philip,  as  I  linger  all  alone, 
And  there  comes  no  sound  of  comfort  save  the  ocean's  restless  moan; 
?tretch  my  arms  to  heaven,  and  pray  for  your  return, 
the  hope  that  dies,  and  the  love  that  lives,  can  only  pant  and  yearn. 


T^HERE,  as  she  sought  repose,  her  sorrowing  heart 

Recall'd  her  absent  love  with  bitter  sighs; 
Regret  had  deeply  fix'd  the  poison'd  dart, 
Which  ever  rankling  in  her  bosom  lies: 
In  vain  she  seeks  to  close  her  wearv  eves. 


-Christian  ReiJ. 
Those  eyes  still  swim  incessantly  in  tears; 
Hope  in  her  cheerless  bosom  fading  dies. 
Distracted  by  a  thousand  cruel  fears. 
While  banish'd  from  his  love  forever  she  appears. 
—Mrs.  Tighe. 


A    BOAT  at  midnight  sent  alone 

To  drift  upon  the  moonless  sea, 
A  lute  whose  leading  chord  is  gone, 
A  wounded  bird  that  hath  but  one 
Imperfect  wing  to  soar  upon. 
Are  like  what   I  am  without  thee. 


■pAIR  tree  of  winter!    fresh  and  flowering, 

When  all  aroiuid  is  dead  and  drv ; 
Whose  ruby  buds,  though  storms  are  lowering, 
Spread  their  white  blossoms  to  the  sky. 


Green  are  thy  leaves,  more  purely  green 
Through  e\ery  changing  period  seen : 
And  when  the  gaudy  months  are  past, 
Thy  loveliest  season  is  the  last.       —Mont!;omci 


i 


^ 


^aw-ewAcr. 


CaDan^ula   Spica.      Natural  Ohdkr:  LabiatiC—Mint  Family. 


I  ROPE   produces  immense  fields  of  Lavender,  grown   for  the 

s  ike    of   the    flowers,   from   which    is    obtained    the    perfume 

that  is  sold   b}'  all  drugyists   and   perfumers.      It  has  a  ver}- 

)'    pleasant,  agreeable   odor.      The   Latin  word   from  which   it   is 

\*!^    derived  is  lavarc,  to  bathe,  and   brings   to  mind   the  marble 

baths  of  the  early  Greeks  and  Romans,  when  the  most  exqui- 

•-^\   site   of  sculpture,    the    most    beautiful   productions   of  art   and    nature, 

r-J^    weie   gathered  together  for  their  adornment,  and  flowers    and  spices 

v\  ei  e  rifled  of  their  sweets  to  add  to  the  sumptuousness  and  luxurious- 

ness    of   their    ablutions.      It   is    a    perennial    of   easy   culture,   about 

eighteen  inches  high,  delightfully  aromatic,  and  bears  purple  flowers. 

The    oil    possesses    tonic    and    stimulative    properties,   and    is    used    in 

medicine. 


ionb' 


VND  lavender,  whose  spikes  of  azure  bloom 
*■  Shall  be  erewhile  in  arid  bundles  bound, 


To  lurk  ami 
And  crown 


her  labors 
kerchiefs 


ith 


rare  perfume. 


QWEET  lavender!   I  love  thy  flower 
^   Of  meek  and  modest  blue, 
Which  meets  the  morn  and  evening  hour, 
The  storm,  the  sunshine,  and  the  shower, 
And  changeth  not  its  hue. 

But  thou  art  emblen 


Thou  art  not  like  the  fickle  train 

Our  adverse  fates  estrange; 

Who  in  the  day  of  grief  and  pain 

Are  found  deceitful,  light  and  vain, 

For  thou  dost  never  change. 

)f  the  friend. 


Who,   whatsoe'er  our  lot, 
The  balm  of  faithful  love  will  lend, 
And,  true  and  constant  to  the  end, 

May  die,  but  alter  not.        — Strickland. 
T   BLU.SH  to  think  what  I  have  said—  Thy  virtue  will  excuse  my  passion  for  thee, 

*■   But  fate  has  wrested  the  confession   from  me:         And  make  the  gods  propitious  to  our  love. 
Go  on,  and  prosper  in  the  paths  of  honor;  ~' 

>S5 


^^, 


^M 


(EitniS   liinoimm.      Natural  Order:  Aitrauticar  — Orange  Family. 


ITRUS   LIMONUM,  or  Lemon  tree,  is  a  handsome  tropical 

tree  of  easy  culture  in   any  climate  (excepting,  of  course,  the 

frigid  zone),  if  given  the  protection  of  the  house  in  winter,  in 

k    cold  latitudes.      The  foliage  is   small,  glossy,  dark  and  ever- 

\     green;   the   flowers  similar  to  the  orange,  and  very  fragrant. 

*    The   fruit,  as  everyone   knows,  is  a  beautiful  yellow,  and  is 

omatic,   and   the    pulp   is    filled   with    a    most   excellent,   cooling, 

ee.      When  loaded  with    fruit,  such  as  is  to  be  seen  in  tropical 

,  It  presents  a  magnificent  appearance.     Mrs.  Loudon  says,  "the 

golden  apples  of  the  heathen  are  supposed  to  belong  to  this  family." 


Jbtr^iioit. 


>RUDENCE  protects  and  guides  us;  wit  betrays; 
A  splendid  source  of  ill  ten  thousand  ways. 


■pEAR  me,  Pomona,  to  thy  citron  groves, 
^-^  To  whei-e  the  lemon  and  the  piercing  lime, 
With  the  deep  orange  glowing  thro'  the  green, 
Their  lighter  glories  blend.  —Thompson 


/^ON.SULT  your  means,  avoid  the  tempter's  wiles, 
^    Shun  grinning  hosts  of  unreceipted  files, 
Let  heaven-ey'd  prudence  battle  with  desire, 
And  win  the  victory,  though  it  be  through   fire. 
-James  T.  FUhU. 

T)UT  now,  so  w-ise  and  wary  was  the  knight, 

^    By  trial  of  his  former  harms  and  cares, 

That  he  decry'd,  and  shunned  still  his  sight. 

The  fi.sh  that  once  was  caught,  new  bait  will  hardly  bite. 

^Spenser. 
er  to  your  untried  thought,  TT  E  knows  the  compass,  sail  and  oar, 

my  living  into  yours  were  wrought.  '■^   Or  never  launches  from  the  shore; 

Hearts'  dreams  are  the  sweetest  in  a  lonely  nest:  Before  he  builds,  computes  the  cost, 

Leave  me  while  you  love  me  —  this  is  surely  best!  And  in  no  proud  pursuit  is  lost. 

— Hovjard  Glytidon.  —Gov. 


'yilUS  I  sliall  be  foi; 
'^   Than  if  all  my  livii 


N 


ONE  pities  him  that's  in  the  snare. 
And,  warn'd  before,  would  not  beware. 

—Herrlrl: 
lS6 


^^m 


Catturn   Satitia.      Natural  Order:    Composite; — Asfcr  Family. 


r 


D;:^ 


'_^^:?r-s-^ 

-•^NE  of  the  most  common  of  vegetables,  Lettuce  is  also  among 

'  the  first  to  appear  on  the  table  in  spring,  when  man  as  well  as 

beast  hungers  for  the  green  things  of  the  field.      Of  the  many 

kinds,  each  puts  forward  some  especial  claim  to  our  attention, 

oni  the  loose,  curled  leaves  of  the  one,  to  the  close,  compact 


^ff  '^^^ heads  of  the   other;    but   crisp   and    tender   they  must   be,   to 

'-^C'^  foim    the   appetizing   salads   of  which   they   are    the    chief  ingredient. 

li>  \^  J-) The}   ai e  of  very  ancient  cultivation,  as  they  are  mentioned  by  several 

(^  'j  r,^  Latin  authors,  and  the  selling  of  lettuce  formed  the  occupation  of  people 

'f  Ijl^XLin  those  days  as  now  in  our  own.     Lettuce  dealers  were  called  Lactu- 

^Jt-P  carius,  though  they  probably  sold  other  vegetables.      After  the  season 

n  ]  \  v3is  over,  the  plants  are  allowed  to  go  to  seed.      The  stalk  is  about  two 

^\^  feet  high,  filled  with  a  milky  juice;  and  the  flowers  are  a  pale  yellow, 

numerous,  but  rather  small  in  size. 


HAVE  not  from  vour  eyes  tliat  gentleness 
And  show  of  love,  as  I  was  wont  to  ha\e. 


—Shaliespcare. 
VTOUR  coldness  I  heed  not,  your  frown  I  defy;  U^^  heart  was  all  on  honor  bent, 

^    Your  aftection  I  need  not  —  tlie  thne  has  gone  by,  ■*■  *■    He  could  not  stoop  to  love; 

When  a  blush  or  a  smile  on  that  cheek  could  beguile  No  lady  in  the  land  had  power 

My  soul  from  its  safety,  with  witchery's  smile.  His  frozen  heart  to  move. 

—Mrs.  Osgood.  — AnoiiymoHS. 


N' 


rOT  the  basilisk 

More  deadly  to  the  sight,  than 
The  cool,  ingenious  eye  of  frozen  ki 


-Gov 


"VTOUR  breast  is  heaped  like  mountain  snows,  I  do  not  flatter  like  a  fool  — 

^     Your  cheek  is  like  a  blushing  rose,  The  diamond  is  a  cutting  tool. 

Your  eyes  are  black  as  ripened  sloes.  The  rose  is  thorny,  snow  is  cool. 

Like  diamonds   do  they  glitter.  And  sloes  are  very  bitter. 


m 


%nn€. 


SjirilUVl   ^^crsica.      Nati-ual  Ohdeh:   0/cacccv  —  Olive  Family. 


ERSIAN  LILAC  varies  from  the  common  varieties,  both  in 
size    and    foliage,  which    is    sometimes  entire,   and   again   cleft. 
I//   The  flowers  are  white  or  purplish,  and  bloom  in  spikes.     Our 
common    Lilac   is   a  nati\e  of  Hungary,   and    is  ver}-  popular 
a',   an   early   visitor    in    spring,   when    it    gladdens  the    bower 
:.|^^\\lth   its  odor  and   blossoms.     The   Latin  name   Syringa,  has 
'^^^^^•its  oiigin    in    the    Greek    tongue,   where    we    find   mriggias  to    be    the 
'"■■'^.namc  of  any  kind  of  reed  or  cane  that  can  be  hollowed  out  to   form  a 
M^^  pi  pi    or  rustic  flute.     The  Greek  and  Latin  shepherds  were  very  fond 
^^*^ol    this    humble   instrument,   upon  which   they  used   to   improvise   their 
iiiple  tunes  as  they  wandered  with  their  flocks  from  one  fragrant  field 
to  another,  or  played  for  each  other's  entertainment  as  they  rested  sur- 
S^'^rounded   by  their  sleeping  herds  at  night.     The  branches  of  the  Lilac 
'^     have  a  center  filled  with  pith,  which  can  be  easily  removed  by  running 
a  stout  wire  or  other  substance  through  them. 


T  OVE  never  fails  to  master  what  he  finds, 
■'-'  But  works  a  different  way  in  dift'erent  n 
The  fool  enlightens,  and  the  wise  he  blinds 


0 


MAID!    with  eyes  whose  azure 
Holds  a  happy,  joyous  gleam, 


What  hath  charmed  thy  listless  leisure  — 
Made  thy  life  a  fairy  dream? 

Love  is  a  god, 
Strong,  free,  unbounded ;  and,  as  som( 
Fears  nothing,  pitieth  none:    such  lov 


Drydeu. 
Love  hath  found  me  sitting  lonely. 

Whispered  soft  a  charmed  word ; 
Evermore  my  heart  beats  only 

To  the  music  of  that  word. 


-G.   Ha. 


T    HAD  so  fixed  my  heart  upon 
A  That  whereso'er  I  framed  a  sch. 


For  time  to  come,  she 


With  which  I  used  to  sweeten  future  cares: 
I  fancied  pleasures,  none  but  one  who  loves 
And  doats  as  I  did  can  imagine  like  them. 


^* 


£ilium   laubittum.      Natural  Ordek:  Liliacae  —  Lily  Family. 


WS) 


REEK  Icin'on,  interpreted  to  signify  wanting  in  color,  or  pale, 
^'is  the  origin  of  the  Latin  lilhtni,  as  that  is  of  the  English  lily. 
The  Lilies  are  bulbous  plants,  having  long,  tapering  leaves, 
and  flowers  of  most  exquisite  beauty.  The\-  are  cultivated 
'\Mthout  much  labor.  The  above  is  pure  white.  The  most 
"  beautiful  of  all  lilies  are  those  from  China  and  Japan,  being 
\u\  iich  in  color,  and  larger  in  size  than  our  native  plants.  The 
Lihum  candidum  is  a  native  of  the  Levant.  The  Lily  seems  to  vie 
with  the  daisy  tor  its  share  of  musical  honors,  for  many  is  the  lyre 
that  has  been  tuned  to  its  praises.  Mrs.  Tighe,  in  remarking  that 
theie  i>>  no  beauty  in  the  bulb,  says: 

"  Yet  in  that  bulb,  those  sapless  scales, 
The  Mlv   wraps  her  silver  vest  — 
Till  vernal  suns  and  vernal  gales 

Shall  kiss  once  more  her  fragrant  breast." 


luril^. 


QPRING  has  no  blossom  fairer  than  thy  form; 
^  Winter  no  snow-wreath  purer  than  thy  mind; 
The  dewdrop  trembling  to  the  morning  beam 

Is  like  thy  smile  —  pure,  transient,  heaven-refin'd. 

—Mrs.  Lydia  "jane  Pierson. 


INHERE  is  a  pale  and  modest 

In  garb  of  green  array'd. 

That  decks  the  rustic  maiden's  b 

And  blossoms  in  the  glade; 


Though  other  flowers  around  me  bloom, 

In  gaudy  splendor  drest, 
Filling  the  air  with  rich  perfume, 

I  love  the  lily  best. 


T    H.\D  found  out  a  sweet,  green  spot 

Where  a  lily  was  blooming  fair; 
The  din  of  the  city  disturbed  it  not; 
But  the  spirit  that  sh.-ides  the  quiet  cot 
With  its  wings  of  love  was  there. 

—James  G.  Percival. 
1S9 


ffl? 


^^=^ 


g«g  0f  the  IJalkB' 


QloiUiallaria   majdis.      Natural  Order:  Liliacca: — Lily  Family. 


TEN  wandering  through  the  woods  and  sweetly-sleeping 
«\ales,  in  early  May,  we  Hnd  this  beautiful  plant  peering  up 
'its  head,  crowned  with  umbels  of  white,  odoriferous,  and 
■  modest  flowers.  It  should  be  a  frequent  denizen  of  our 
[^gardens,  for  its  own  modest  beauty,  as  well  as  for  its  classic 
'  association,  having  been  the  theme  of  poets  of  all  ages.  Clumps 
loots  can  be  obtained  of  almost  any  seedsman,  and  once  set  will 
'(.ontinue  to  increase,  and  give  you  bloom  of  which  one  can  never  have 
too  man^.  In  the  vicinity  of  Madock,  England,  there  are  many  acres 
'covered  with  this  plant,  which,  when  in  bloom,  attract  many  visitors, 
'  and  the  spot   is  known  in  that  section  of  the  country  as  the   Via  Gellia. 


.1    tht 


M 


l|clurn  cl|  llnjipiiiESS* 

Y  sated  senses  seem  afloat  upon  a  waveless  sea; 
For  all  around  me,  all  above,  is  beauteous  harmony! 
—Sal lie  A.  Brock. 


A    BREEZY   noise,  which  is  not  breeze. 

And  white-clad  children  b_v  degrees 
Steal  out  in  troops  among  the  trees. 

Fair  little  cliildren,  morning-bright. 
With  faces  grave,  yet  soft  to  sight, 
Expressive  of  resti-ained  delight. 


A  rain  of  dew,  till,  wetted  so. 

The  child  who  held  the  branch  let  go. 

And  it  swang  backward  witli  a  flow 

Of  faster  drippings.     Then   I  knew 

The  children  laughed  — but  the  laugh  flev 

From  its  own  chirrup,  as  might  do 


Some  plucked  the  palm  boughs  within  i 
And  others  leaped  up  high  to  catch 
The  upper  boughs,  and  shake  from  eacl: 


A  frightened  song-bird ;  and  a  child 
Wlio  seemed  the  chief,  said,  very  mild, 
"Hush!  keep  this  morning  undefiled." 


pAIR  flower,  that,  !apt  in  lowly  glade. 
Dost  hide  beneath  the  greenwood  shade. 
Than  whom  the  vernal  gale 
None  fairer  wakes,  on  bank,  or  spray, 
Our  England's  lily  of  the  May, 

Our  lily  of  the  vale!         —Maui. 
190 


I\ 


^ 


m 


%i0n'B  Sieart< 


JpljllSOSttlVa   DivginiaiUt.      Natural  Order:  Labiatcc—Mint  Family. 


ATIV^E    to    various    portions    of    the    Southern    and    Western 

Stites,  this   plant   maj'  occasionally  be  found   beautifying  our 

p,aidens,  where    it   thrives  well   and    increases    rapidly.      It    is 

rather  handsome  in  appearance,  \ar3ing  from  one  to  four  feet 

in  height,  with  a  square,  thick,  upright   stem.      The   leaves 

■^ou  appear  opposite  each  other,  and  are  large  and  glossy,  and 

1  dirk  green  in  color.    The  flowers  are  on  the  tops  of  the  branches, 

I  foui -lowed   spike.      They  are  a   pale   purple   in   tint,  with   spots 

the    inner    side.      The    plant    blooms    freely    during    August    and 

btptember       There  are  no  special  virtues  ascribed  to   the   Physos- 

te^u      The  botanical  name  (from  the  Greek)  signifies  a  bladder-like 

co\enng    from  the  pufled  or  inflated  appearance  of  the  corolla. 


|r5jucri|. 


COMMANDING,  aiding,  animating  all, 

^    Where  foe  appear'd  to  press,  or  friend  to  fall. 


THE 
Nc 


*HE  brave  man  seeks  not  popular  applause, 
sor,  overpower'd  with  arms,  deserts  his  cause; 
Unshamed,  though  foiled,  he  does  the  best  he  can ; 
Force  is  of  brutes,  but  honor  is  of  man. 

—Dryden. 


-Byron. 
'HE  brave  man  is  not   he  who  feels  no  fear, 
'"or  that  were  stupid  and  irrational ; 
But  he  whose  noble  soul  its  fear  subdues, 


THE 
Fo 


Lies 

Nor  . 


F'! 


HT  valiantly  toda; 
nd  vet  I  do  thee 


framed  of  the  firm  tr 


the  mind,  the 
ns  the  blind  a 


ind  thee  of  it, 
ith  of  valor. 
—  Shakespeare. 


And  bravely  dares  the  dar 

True  valor 
never-yielding  purpose, 
vard  of  giddy  fortune. 

—  Tliom/'si 


nature  shrinks  from. 
—  Joanna  Baillie. 


A  TO  fire  nor  foe,  nor  fate,  nor  night, 
^^    The  Trojan  hero  did  affright, 


twice,  renewed  the  fight. 

—  Sir.   J.  Denham. 


D.\RE  do  all  that  may  become  a  man; 
Who  dares  do  more  is  none.       —Sliakesfea 
191 


li 


«5? 


goasa. 


require 


Icitcritiu.      Natural  Order:  Loasacece  —  Loasa  Family. 


ORMING   a   class  of  plants   by  themselves,  the    Loasas   give 
their  name  to  an  order  of  which  there  have  been  discovered 
about   seventy  species;   and  those  of  peculiar  beauty.      Some 
of  them  recline  their  long,  branching  stems  upon  the  ground, 
'  like  the  golden   bartonia ;   others,  like   the    Loasa,  grow  to  a 
^  greater  length,  and  have  more  aspiring  natures,  rendering  them 
especially  fine  for  the  covering  of  trellises,  arbors,  or  rock  work.     The 
\^  flowers  are  curious;  the  outer   petals,  of  which  there  are  live,  have 
each  a  hooded  appearance,  while  within  the  center  are  five  more  of 
'P  a  diflierent  shape,  the  whole  being  filled  with  numerous  stamens,  like 
a    delicate   tringe.      In   training   the   plant,   gloves   should    be    used,  as 
the   hairs  with  which   the  plant   is  covered   produce  a  stinging  sensa- 
tion.     The  blossoms   are  red   or   yellow.      Pleasures,  like  this  plant, 
some  precaution  in  handling,  lest  they  sting  in  the  enjoyment. 


ILEASURE  with  instruction  should  be  joined; 
So  take  the  corn,  and  leave  the  chaff  behind. 

-Drydel 


"DUT  pleasures  are  like  poppies  spread  — 

You  seize  the  flower,  its  bloom  is  shed ; 
Or  like  the  snow-fall  in  the  river, — 
.\  moment  white,  then  lost  fore\'er. 


qPHERE  rich  varieties  of  joy 
^    Continual  feast  the  inind; 
Pleasures  which  fill,  but  never  cloy 
Immortal  and  refined. 


11 7E  may   roam  through  this  world  like  a  child  at  a  feast, 

Who  but  sips  of  a  sweet  and  then  flies  to  the  rest; 
And  when  pleasure  begins  to  grow  dull  in  the  east. 
We  may  order  our  wings  and  be  off  to  the  west. 


AND  while  the  face  of  outward  things  we  find 
-'*■  Pleasant  and  fair,  agreeable  and  sweet. 
These  things  transport.  _i-,v  y  Davies. 

^ 


"TTIS  time  short  pleasure  now  to  take, 

^    Of  little  life  the  best  to  make, 
And  manage  wisely  the  last  stake. 


i 


192 


$0*«Ma^ 


LolU'lia   tultlEUS.      Xatuual  Order:  Lohcliaccxv  —  Lobelia  Family. 


■^^''I^iV   '   (,®/T   is   difficult  to  sel>ict    from   this   class  of  plants   the   one   pos- 

<.->\TT^c,'~     ^^^ssin<^    the    most    claims    to    our    attention,    as    they    are    all 

nj       ^iV'i^<-'xceedinoi3-  pretty,   though  very  diverse    in    habit.      Some  of 

^*^;;^     iheni   grow  upright,  others    spread  their  slender  branches   in 

3j'    *^':,  the   most  wanton    manner.      There    are    about    eighty  species 

'"•^^  of  them,   which,   with    the    exception    of  about    a    dozen,  are 

.cs   of  the   Cape  of  Good    Hope.      These    have  been    improved   by 

1^   liyDridizing.     The  flowers  of  most  of  them  are  an  exquisite  blue,  a  few 


^-  .j^    h\-bridizin, 

■^^^1^  are   white,   and  others    are   of  the    different    shades   of  crimson,   purple. 
T^^l    maroon  and  scarlet.     The  delicate  varieties  are  fine  for  hanging-baskets, 
the  upright  ones  for  garden  or  window  culture. 


labuclc 


Xii\. 


IT  E  hated  men  too  much  to  I'eel  remorse, 

And  thought  the  voice  of  wrath  a  sacred  call, 
To  pay  the  injuries  of  soine  to  all.  —Byro. 


I'LL  keep  my  way  alone,  and  burn  awav  — 

Evil  or  good  I  care  not,  so  I  spread 
Tremendous  desolation  on  my  road ; 
ril  be  remember'd  as  huge  meteors  are; 
From  the  dismay  they  scatter.  —Proctor. 


T    .SEE  thou  art  implacable,  more  deaf 

To  pr.iyers  than  winds  and  seas ;  yet  winds  and  seas 
Are  reconciled  at  length,  and  sea  and  shore: 
Thy  anger,  unappeasable,  still  rages, 
Eternal  tempest,  never  to  be  calm.  —Milton. 


'yHERE  are  some  things   I  cannot  bear. 

Some  looks  %vhich  rouse  my  angry  hate, 
.Some  hearts  whose  love  I  would  not  share. 
Till  earth  and  heaven  were  desolate.     —Willis. 


OUT  turn  the  heart's  sweet  current  into  gall, 
Xo  earthly  power  can  heal  the  deadly  flow 
'T  will  poison  the  affections,  till  the  blood 


Grows  venomous  and  fiery,  and  beneath 

Its  blasting  influence  are  wither'd  up 

The  springs  of  love  and  hope.        —Mrs.  Hale. 


T 


HEV  did  not  know  how  hate  can  bin"n 
In  hearts  once  changed  from  soft  to  stern. 

-Byro, 


m 


^m. 


%0cnBt. 


tiobiuia   pSCUbacacia.      Natural  Order:  Leguminoscv — Pulse  Family. 


OIUM  \  the  botanical  name  of  the  Locust,  is  derived  from  the 
L  itiniztd  surname  of  John  Robin,  an  eminent  botanist  enjoying 
I  ^<^*  tile  pationage  of  Louis  XIV.,  and  was  bestowed  in  honor  of  his 
iicmoij,  and  pseudacacia  denotes  false  acacia.  There  are  no 
extensive  forests  of  this  tree  on  the  American  continent,  but 
It  IS  found  mixed  with  other  trees  in  various  localities.  It  is 
I  ii  planted  for  groves  and  shade  trees  around  rural  residences.  The 
:  i^e,  though  small,  is  beautiful,  and  during  the  spring  an  abundance 
of  tiagrant  blossoms  burden  the  air  with  their  perfume.  The  wood  is 
sometimes  used  in  the  mechanical  arts,  being  hard,  close  grained  and 
durable. 


tiub^. 


'UCH  is  life:  all   fair  today,  dark   tomorrow,  dull  and  gray; 

Changing  ever,  like  the  moon,  or  the  fleecy  clouds  of  Jun 

-/.  H.  Clinch. 


'T'HUS  doth  the  ever-changing  course  of  things 

Run  a  perpetual  circle,  ever  turning; 
And  that  same  day  that  highest  glory  brings. 
Brings  us  unto  the  point  of  back-returning 

-D^jniel. 


P'RE  mirth  can  well  her  comedy  begin, 
'-'  The  tragic  demon  oft  comes  thundering  i 
Confounds  the  actors,  damps  the  merry  show 
And  turns  the  loudest  laugh  to  deepest  woe. 
—  HV/w 


r^H!  life  is  a  waste  of  wearisome  hours, 
^-^  Which  seldom  the  rose  of  enjoyment  adorns; 
And  the  heart  that  is  soonest  awake  to  the  flowers. 
Is  always  the  first  to  be  touch'd  by  the  thorn. 


T.S  there  no  constancy  in  earthly  things.' 

No  h.appincss  in  us  but  what  must  alter: 
No  life,   without  the  heavv  load  of  fortune? 


What  miseries  we  are,  and  to  ourselv 
Ev'n  tlien  when  full  content  seems  tc 
What  daily  sores  and  sorrows. 


-.Biv? 


i 


*HE  pang  that  wrings  the  heart  today 
Time's  touch  will  heal  tomorrow. 

194 


J 


^^^g:^- 

"M 


%0^h0Bptxm%xm^ 


£opl)OSpcrmUin   SCaU^CUS.      Natural  Order:  Scrophulariacac — Fig-Mort  Family. 


HIS  vine  is  more  frequently  found   in  our  greenhouses,  but 
it  can  be  used  in  the  garden  if  the  seeds  are  started  early 
in  the  house  or  hotbed.      The  flowers  are  extremely  hand- 
some,  being    from    two   to  three   inches   in   length,   tubular 
in   shape,   expanding   at   the   mouth,   and    in   color   pink   or 
scarlet.    There  is  a  plant  called  Lophospermum  rhodochiton 
(rose-clothed),  that  has  brown  flowers,  and  is  sometimes  called  Rho- 
dochiton volubile.     Both  are  from  Mexico  and  adjacent  countries,  and 
glo^\  about  ten  feet  in  height.     The  name  is  composed  of  two  Greek 
words,    lop/ios   and    spcrma,    signif3'ing    crested    seed;     and    scandens, 
Latin,  is    translated   climbing.     The   plant   has   been   selected   as   the 
(^emblem  of  ecstasj-.     Every  heart  should  be  filled  with  joy  as  abund- 
antl}-  and  feelingly  as    a   luxuriant  vine   that   spreads   and   airs   itself 
fA^'^/in  sunny  enjoyment. 


^tslas^^ 


'WELL,  swell,  my  joys;  and  faint  not  to  declare 
Yourselves  as  ample  as  your  causes  are.       —Jons. 


T  WAS  born  for  rejoicing;  a  "summer  child," 
^  And  kindred  I  claim  with  each  ■ 
The  light  frolic  breeze  — or  the  streamle 
Or  a  cloud  at  its  play — or  a  bird  on 


A' 


LL  in  a  mesh  of  dreams  entangled ; 


Sweet    lips  —  twin  petals  of  the  rose  be: 
With  the  diamond  dews  of  night! 

—Grorge  Coopei 


T 


HERE 
Have  r 


no  state  in  which  the  bounteous  gods 
placed   joy,  if  men  ^vould  seek  it  out. 


T 


id  the  breast 


HE  paths  of  bliss  are  joyous,  and 
Of  thoughtless  youth  is  easy  to  be  blest. 

'  -William  Herbert. 


W 


(OY  loves  to  cull  the 
And  wreathe  it  round  h 


fe 


ELL,  there  is  yet  one  day  of  life  before  me. 
And,  whatsoe'er  betide  me,  I  will  enjoy  it. 
—  Joajiiia  Baillie. 

flower, 
happy  brow. 

—  James  G.  Brooks. 


m 


Cupinus   JJCilnpl)nlluS.      Natural  Okdeii:  Lcguminosa:— Pulse  Family. 

MONG    our    handsomest    native    plants,    the    Lupines   find    a 
p  recognized   place,  more  especially  the  above,  which  is  a  iine 
''*^ariety  from  Oregon.      Its   height  is   from  three  to  four  feet, 
the  foliage  soft  and  silky,  and  the  flowers  yellow,  purple,  or 
,'.>^  white.      There  are   numerous   other  varieties   from    different 
j'l'^parts  of  the  United  States,  both  annual  and  perennial.     The 
^Lupinus  mutabilis  (changeable)  is  from  South  America,  and  is  said  to 
be  changeable  in  the  color  of  its  blossoms.      The  ancients  used  a  spe- 
cies of  Lupine  for  food,  thinking  it  strengthened  the  intellect;  and  on 
the  stage  the  seeds  were  used  by  the  plaj^ers  instead  of  real  money. 
The  Latin  name  signifies  wolfish,  from  lupus,  a  wolf,  as  it  absorbs  the 
fertility  of  the   soil,  to  the  detriment  of  other  things;   and   polyphyllus, 
from  the  Greek,  denotes  many-leaved. 


% 


Tcrattousnsss. 


'T>HE  turnpike  road 
Lies  through  theii 

T  'M  quite  ashamed  —  'tis  mighty  rude 

To  eat  so  much  —  but  all's  so  good 

I  hav 

Mv  lord  alone  kr 


thousand  thanks  to  giv 


people's  hearts,  I   find, 
mouths,  or  I  mistake  mankind. 
—Dr.   Walcot. 

holydav;  provide  me  better  cheer; 
'Tis  holydav ;  and  shall  be  round  the  year ; 
Shall   I  my  household  gods  and  genius  cheat. 
To  make  him  rich  who  grudges  me  my  meat? 


"pis 


*OiSrE  men  are  born  to  feast,  and   not  to  fi< 
Whose  sluggish  mind,  e'en  in  fair  honor's 


Still  on  their  dinner  tun 

DEVOND  the  sense 

Of  light  refection,  at  the  genial  board 
Indulge  not  often;  nor  protract  the  feast 


—Joaiiim  Bnillie. 

To  dull  satiety;  till  soft  and  slow 

A  drowsy  death  creeps  on  th'  expansive  soul, 

Oppress'd  and  smother'd  the  celestial  fire. 


VTOT  all  on  books  their  criticism  waste, 
•'■  '    The  genius  of  a  dish  some  justly  taste. 
And  eat  their  way  to  fame.  —Yomig. 

196 


^^m 


M^ 


^1 


aQiii0lia. 


flluiVlolia    iVailMtlora.       Natural  Order:  Magnoliacea: — Magnolia  Fa7nily. 


^F  all  the  flowers  bestowed   upon  the  South,  there  is  none  to 
which   a   Southerner   refers  with   more   pride  than  to  the  blos- 
soms of  this  elegant  tree.     The  Magnolia  grandiflora  flourishes 
throughout  most  of  the  Gulf  States  and  on  the  Atlantic  coast 
as  far  north  as  North  Carolina.     It  grows  chiefly  in  swampy 
lands,  yet   attains   its    greatest   height   in    a   light,  fertile    soil, 
where,  if  planted  by  itself,  it  will  assume  the  shape  of  a  perfect  pyra- 
^iireJO  '^'^-     "^^^  leaves  are  evergreen,  the  old  ones  forming  a  striking  con- 
tmh~>  trast  to  the  young  and  tender  foliage,  which  is  of  a  much  lighter  shade. 
The   flowers    are   of  the   purest  white,   about   eight   or  nine   inches   in 
diameter,  and  till  the  air  with  their  honeyed  fragrance.     As  the  slight- 
est injury  causes  the  blossom  to  soon  turn  brown,  they  have  often  been 


only  necessary  to  write  the  message  with  some  pointed  instrument  on  one  of 
the  broad  petals,  and  cause  the  flowers  to  be  delivered  in  a  bouquet  to  the 
person  desired,  and  the  wounded  parts  would  soon  betray  the  secret  committed 
to  the  floral  page.  


IL 


Jttu?  cF  f  itiiin 


■\TATtrRE  is  man's  best  teacher.     She  unfolds 
■'•'     Her  treasures  to  his  search,  unseals  his  eye, 
Illumes  his  mind,  and  purifies  his  heart. 
An  influence  breathes  from  all  the  sights  and  soimds 
Of  her  existence;  she  is  wisdom's  self.      —Sirat. 


LOVE  thee  for  the  blossoms  and  the  bees, 
The  hills,  the  vales,  the  mountains  and  the  seas; 

nds,  the  clouds,  the  skies  of  azure  blue, 
e  moon,  the  stars,  and  planets  circling  through 

NATURE!    how  in  every  charm  supreme! 
Whose  votaries  feast  on  raptures  ever  new! 
for  the  voice  and  fire  of  seraphim, 
sing  thy  glories  with  devotion  due!     —Beaiiu: 


The  earth,  the  sun,  and  everythmg  that's  fai 

Abo\-e,  below,  all  round  and  everywhere  — 

The  soul,  the  mind,  to  their  Creator  call. 

To  him,  the  Father,  First  and  Last  of  all. 

—Lah 

'T*HE  gi-een  earth  sends  its  incense  up 

*■     From  every  mountain  shrine  — 

From  e\ery  flower  and  dewy  cup 

That   "reeteth  the  sunshine. 


whole 


.    Ulalm   Snlncstris.      Natural  Order:  Malvacece  —  Mallow  Fa7nily. 


\LUED  at    all   times   for  their  emollient   properties  (whence 

the  name  from  the  Greek  malasso,  I  make  soft,  through  the 

Latin    )iialva\    the    Mallows    are    a    mucilaginous    order    of 

I  1  mts,    allied    to    the    hollyhock    family.      They    are    frequently 

found   in   rural   gardens  as  ornaments.      The   above   species  is 

about    three    feet    high,  with    purplish-red    flowers,    and    is    called 

High    Mallow,  to  distinguish   it   from  the  Low  Mallow,  a  prostrate 

t>  species,  the  seeds  of  which  children  call  cheeses.  The  Mallow  crispa 
_  is  a  veiy  tall  annual  from  Syria,  with  very  large,  roundish  leaves,  the 
bordeis  of  which  are  adorned  with  a  very  full,  crisped  or  curled 
luffling,  and  would  appear  to  advantage  as  a  foliage  plant  in  the 
holders  m  summer.  The  Musk  Mallow  is  from  Great  Britain,  hav- 
J  \ei}  pietty  flowers  of  a  rose  color,  blooming  in  midsummer;  the 
plant  being  pervaded  b}-  the  od(ir  from  which  it  takes  name. 


iij0bni$5» 


H 


OW   far  that 


IV /TORE  sweet  than  odors  caught  by  him  who  sail 

Near  spicy  shores  of  Araby  the  blest, 
A  thousand  times  more  exquisitely  sweet, 
The  freight  of  holy  feeling  which  we  meet 
In  thoughtful  moments,  wafted  b}'  the  gales 
From  fields  where  good  men  walk,  or  bowers 
Wherein  they  rest.  —Wordinvorl/i. 


ed  in  a  naughty  world. 

S/iatesJiearr. 

pOOU,  the  more 

^    Communicated,  more  abundant  grows; 

The  author  not  impair'd,  but  honor'd  more. 

—Milton. 


'pO  be  good  is  to 
Are  happier  tha 


be  happy ;  angels 
1  men  because  thev 


I 


j\  I  AN  should  dare  all  tilings  tliat  he  knows  is  right, 

And  fear  to  do  no  act  save  what  is  wrong; 
But  guided  safely  by  his  inward  light. 

And  with  a  permanent  belief,  and  strong, 
In  Him  who  is  oiu-  Father  and  our  Friend, 
He  should  walk  steadfastly  unto  the  end. 

— Phiebe  Carey. 
I9S 


II 


i! 


'^. 


ll|rlje-^0C&* 


II 


2lccr   Saccljariimm.      Xatural  Order:  Accracece— Maple  Family. 


ANADA    and   the    New    England    States    produce    the    Rock 
Maple  in  great  abundance,  forming  in  some  districts  a  greater 
]-iart  of  the  forests.     It  grows  to  a  great  height,  has  a  some- 
what rough,  gray  bark,  and  in  summer  a  fine  crown  of  foliage, 
which    in    fall    takes    on    itself   the    most    brilliant    hues    that 
greet  the   eye  in   an   autumn    landscape,  sporting   through  all 
the  shades   from  yellow  to  crimson,  as  if  it  had  caught  and  imprisoned 
the  glorious  colors  of  a  sunset  sky.     The  Black  Maple  is  another  tree 
of  the  same  class,  both  yielding  the   sap  from  which  the  sugar  bearing 
theii    name  is   manufactured. 


!^$$?ni?» 


■you   know  my  wishes  ever  yours  did  meet: 

If  I  be  silent,  'tis  no  more  but  fear 
That  I  should  s.iy  too  little  when  I  speak. 

-Lady  Care-.'.: 

'T^HE  maples  in  the  forest  glow;  Like  living  coals  the  red  leaves  burn; 

'^     On  the  lawn  the  fall  flowers  blaze;  They  fall,  then  turns  the  red  to  rust; 

The  landscape  has  a  purple  haze;  They  crumble,  like  the  coals,  to  dust; 

My  heart  is  filled  with  warmth  and  glow.  Warm  he.art,  must  thou  to  ashes  turn? 

-  Sylvester  Baxter. 

\H!    what  delight  'twould  be, 

Would'st  thou   sometimes  by  stealth   converse  with  me! 
How  should  I  thy  sweet  commune  prize, 
And  other  joys  despise! 
Come,  then!    I   ne'er  was  yet  denied  by  thee. 

—John  Norris. 


A" 


T  ABJURE  your  sight; 

■^    Ev'n  from  my  meditations  and  my  though 

I  banish  your  enticing  vanities; 

And,  closely  kept  within  my  study  walls, 

As  from  a  cave  of  rest,  henceforth  I'll  see 

And  smile,  but  never  taste  your  misery. 

'-Goffe. 


JFt, 


thou  canst  feel. 


That  thou  hast  kept  a  portion  back. 

While  I  have  staked  the  whole; 
Let  no  false  pity  spare  the  blow, 
But  in  true  mercy  tell  me  so. 

-Adelaide  Anne  Procter. 


ptari§«rlA. 


(HagetCS   erccta.      Natural  Order:    Compositce  —  Aster  Family. 

'^.^  •>*-<;,.  ,  »^ 

^^^^^'▼^X^k    ARIGOLDS    are    mostly    herbs    of   tropical    America,    and 

iv  belong  to  the  same  order  as  the   artemisia,  chrysanthemum 

'  ^^^o.-  and    China    aster,  which    order   is    said    to    comprehend 

one-ninth  of  all  flowering  plants.     The  Tagetes  is  named  in 

honor  of  Tages,  an   Etrurian   deity,  a   grandson   of  Jupiter, 

w  h(  1  is  said  to  have  sprung  from  the  plowed  earth,  in  the 

I.7I  in  of  a  boy,  and  taught  the  Etrurians  the  art  of  foretelling  events, 

or   divination.      A  description  of  so   familiar  a  plant   is   almost  un- 

tiecessary,  as  everyone  must  know  it  has  the  yellowest  of  flowers 

and  an   abundance  of  them,  interspersed  with  plumy  foliage.      The 

French  Marigold  has  dark,  velvety  blossoms,  which,  varying  through 

the  different  shades  of  maroon,  are  really  pretty.      All  the  varieties 

have  a  peculiar  fragrance,  rather  balsamic  than  otherwise. 


¥ 


'tt5lll|. 


FT  those  whose  cruelty  makes  many  mourn, 
Do  by  the  fires  which  they  first  kindle  burn. 

— Earl  of  Sterline. 


N° 


Y:\ 


counsel  from  our  cruel 
ut  ills  once  done,  we  bea 


"VrOU  are  more  inhuman,  more  inexorable, 
O,  ten  times  more,  than  tigers  of  Hyrcar 
— Shakespeare 


"ITTHY  didst  thou  fling  thyself  acr< 
•'^  My  tiger  spring  must  crush  th. 
But  cannot  pause  to  pity  thee. 


me  be  cruel,  not  unnatural; 
will  speak  daggers  to  her,  but 


LANTASTIC  tyrant  of  the  amorous  heart. 
How  hard  thy  yoke!  how  cruel  is  thy  dart! 


t 


'pnOU  art  come  to  answer 

A  stony  adversary,  an  inhuman  ■ 
Incapable  of  pity,  void  and  empty 
From  ev'ry  drachm  of  mercy. 

—Shaltespea 


r 


^arl^ram-^iiT^^t* 


®l-igaiUim   maiovaiia.      Natural  Order:  Labiatcc—Miiit  Family. 


!N  our  grandsires  flourished,  and  almost  every  plant  received 
ine  familiar,  diminutive  appellation  that  seemed  to  bring  it 
>into  closer  association  with   humanity  than   our  now  high- 
-sounding names,  this  plant  was  called  Sweet  Marjory.     It  is 
V  aromatic,  and  is    grown   more  frequently  as   an  herb  for 
.    S*S  kitthcn  use  than  for  ornament,  and  is  useful  in  seasoning  various 
!  tides    ol    food.      The   flowers   are    pink,    blooming    in    spikes.      It    is   a 
t^  native   of  Portugal.      There   is    also   a   wild    variety   found    in    fields,   and 
sometimes   in   the   woods,  that   has    nearly  white   flowers,   and    much  the 
same  properties  as  the  other.      The   literal   meaning  of  the  name  (from 
the  Greek)  is  "joy  of  the  mountain." 


PIusl^ss. 


pONFU.SION  th 
^   Fast  throbbing, 

ill'd  me  tlien,  and  secret  joy, 

stole  its  treasures  from  mj  heart, 

And  mantling  upw 

ird,  turned  my  face  to  crimson. 

—Brooke. 

/^N  Beauty's  lids  the  gem-like  tear 
^  Oft  sheds  its  evanescent  ray. 
But  scarce  is  seen  to  sparkle,  ere 
'Tis  chased  by  beaming  smiles  av 


Just  so  the  blush  is  formed  —  and  flies  — 

Nor  owns  reflection's  calm  control; 
It  comes,  it  deepens  —  fades  and  dies, 
A  gush  of  feeling  from  the  soul. 

—Anne  Peyre  Dinuies. 

■pROM  every  blush  that  kindles  in  thy  cheek, 
-*■  Ten  thousand  little  loves  and  graces  spring. 
To  revel  in  the  roses.  —Royje. 


■pOR   I  that  old,  old  story  h.id  told — 

The  story  of  anxious  hopes  and  fears  - 

While  over  her  ringlets'  dark-brown  gold 

Was  falling  a  shower  of  pearly  tears  — 


Tears  that  hung  on  her  eyelids'  fringe 

Like  dew  on  the  fresh-born  buds  of  May  — 

And  her  blushes  deepened  their  roseate  tinge, 
As  I  tenderly  kissed  those  tears  away. 


r\\\\  little  blush  that  cc 
^  Are  you  a  blush,  or 
I  see  reflected? 


—Snilie  A.  Bract. 


ines  and  goes, 
vender  rose 

—George  Coof'er. 


lEattlii^lii* 


lllattljiola   aimua.       Natural  Order:    Cntcifow — Mustard  Family. 

I'l^IVING  its  name  from  the  Italian  physician  and  botanist 
'.  A.  Mattioli  (i 500-1 577),  this  flower  has  alwa3's  commanded 
^"more  attention  in  Europe  than  it  has  in  America.  There  it 
'is  reallv  the  flower  of  the  people;  and  in  cities  nearly  ever}- 
•'window  ledge  must  have  its  pot  of  Stock,  to  cheer  by  its 
•nee,  and  serve  as  a  reminder  to  its  possessor,  that  there  is  a 
world  of  nature  outside  and  beyond  tlie  turmoil  and  strife  of  city  life. 
In  the  garden  it  is  even  more  desirable,  the  plant  assuming  a  pretty, 
upright  habit,  branching  symmetricall}',  with  the  flowers  arranged 
close  around  the  upper  parts  of  the  stems  or  branches.  The  Ten- 
week  Stock  is  an  annual  and  requires  no  particular  care.  The  peren- 
nial and  biennial  kinds  should  be  protected  during  winter  by  some 
covering  —  a  hotbed  sash,  or  something  equally  good,  as  in  cold  climates  they 
are  apt  to  be  winter-killed.  They  are  all  desirable  plants;  the  colors  are  the 
various   shades   of  red,  crimson,   yellow,   purple,   white,  blue  and  rose. 


'EIZE,  mortals,  seize  tlic  transient  1 
Improve  each  moment  as  it  flies: 


Life  's  a  short 

''HILST  timorous  knowledge  stands  considering, 
Audacious  ignorance  liath  done  the  deed. 
For  who  knows  most,  the  most  he  knows  to  doubt ; 
The  least  discourse  is  commonly  most  stout. 


w* 


-Daniel. 


—  man  a  flower 

— Anonymous. 

JET  us  take  the  instant  by  the  forward  top, 

^'  For  we  are  old,  and  on  our  quick'st  decrees; 

The  inaudible  and  noiseless  foot  of  time 

Steals,  ere  we  can  effect  them. 

—  Shakespeare. 


T 


AKE  the 
For  hon. 


a  strait  so  narrow, 


Where  one  but  goes  abreast. 


QHUN  delays,  they  breed  remorse; 

*^   Take  thy  time,  while  time  is  lent  thee; 

Creeping  snails  have  weakest  force. 


-  .Shakespeare. 

Fly  their  fault,  lest  thou  repent  thee. 
Good  is  best  when  soonest  wrought; 
Lingering  labors  come  to  naught 


gftamrEm£i^< 


1 


IllaUVauMa   SCinpcruirCUS.      Natural  Order:  Scrophulariacece  —  Fio-ivort  Family 


ANDSOME  and  delicate,  the  Maurandia  is  a  delightful  vine 
for  indoor  culture,  as  its  foliage  is  attractive  and  pretty,  being 
small  and  neat  in  shape,  similar  to  the  point  of  a  spear,  and 
entirely  unobtrusive.  The  flowers  are  about  the  size  and 
^5^  shape  of  the  foxglove,  and,  in  color,  purple,  white,  or  rose- 
colored.  They  are  most  excellent  for  inserting  in  the  sides 
'of  hanging-baskets  or  window-boxes,  and  are  used  by  florists  for  that 

f=*^^'  purpose.     They  are  perennial,  but  as  they  bloom  the  first  season  after 
^,  _.^  ^  planting,  are  used  for  summer  decoration  out  of  doors,  and  of  course 
'v®^   perish  on  the  approach  of  frost,  except  removed  to  the  house.      The 
name  has  been  given  in  honor  of  Prof.  Maurandy. 


icurlcs 


*0  gently  blending  courtesy  and 


That  wisdom'! 


I'd  borrowing  friendsliip's   heart 
-O.  U:  Ifolmes. 


OHEPHERD,  I  trust  thy  honest  offered  courtesy, 

Which  oft  is  sooner  found  in  lowlv  sheds 
With  smoky  rat"ters,  than  in  tap'stry  halls 
And  courts  of  princes.  —Milion. 


A 


SMILE   for  one  of  mean  i 
A  cointeous  bow  for  one 
So  modulated  both  that  each 
Saw  friendship  in  his  eye. 


ligh, 


OTUDY  with  care  politeness,  that  must  teach 
The  modish  forms  of  gesture  and  of  speecli. 

—SUninirfet 


ITTOULD  you  both  please  and  be  instructed  too, 
*  •  Watch  well  the  range  of  shining,  to  subdue; 
Hear  every  man  upon  his  favorite  theme, 


Or  giv 


;r  be  more  knowing  than  you  seem; 
■est  genius  will  afford  some  light, 
a  hint  that  had  escaped 


jr  sight. 
-Stillingfle, 


TLL  seemes  (sayd  he)  if  he  so  valient  be. 

That  he  should  be  so  sterne  to  stranger  i 
For  seldom  yet  did  living  creature  see 
That  courtesie  and   manhood  ever  disagree. 

203 


m 


n^mttA< 


I 


lUuVUta   I'Otula.      Natural  Order:    Compositce — Aster  Family. 


■'  ^JJ^I'^RHAPS    the   commonest   of  all    uncultivated    plants   is   this 
,'{,/-_ \'^   idadside   outcast,    growing   trom   the   deep-rutted   soil,  utterly 
\A   disregarding    all    the    ordinarj-   conditions    required    for    herbal 
^^i:^^<fd     perfection,    it    sports    its    numerous    blossoms,   and    during    the 
][p3^,  .^3|'      whole    summer    its    flowers    make    white    the   borders   of  the 
,  dusty  wa3^     It  is  an  annual,  though  so  abundant  as  to  seem 
■^!^,iA/ '''.perennial,    and    only    the    greatest    perseverance    can    eradicate    it    or 
(t^f.  reduce  it  to  subjection.     Of  European  origin,  it  was  probably  introduced 
""^^^  with   grain.     The   flower  is  really   pretty,   combining  the   purest  of  yel- 
NW^low,  with  the  most   opaque  white,  in  an  admirable  and   artistic  manner, 
and    could    it    onl}'    have    been    odorless    and    rare,    would    have    been 
received   with   ecstatic   admiration,   instead    of  contumely   and    contempt. 
^^The  origin  of  the   botanic  name   Maruta  is  obscure,  and   its  meaning  is 
'^   quite  uncertain.     Cotula  was  the   half-pint   measure   of  the   Greeks   and 
Romans. 


I^umoi 


R 


UMOR  doth  double  like  the  voice  and  echo. 
The  numbers  of  the  lear'd.  —Shakesfea 


'T'HE  flying  rumors  gather'd  as  they  roll'd; 

Scarce  any  tale  was  sooner  heard  than  told, 
And  all  who  told  it  added  something  new, 
And  all  who  heard  it  made  enlargement  too; 
In  every  ear  it  spread,  on  every  tongue  it  grew. 
—Pope. 

T    FROM  the  Orient  to  the  drooping  West, 

Making  the  wind  my  post-horse,  still  unfold 
The  acts  commenced  on  this  ball  of  earth : 
Upon  my  tongues  continual  slanders  ride. 
The  which  in  every  language  I  pronounce. 
Stuffing  the  ears  of  men  with  false  reports. 


A   WHISPER  woke  the  air  — 
■'*■   A  soft,  light  tone,  and  low. 

Yet  barb'd  with  shame  and  woe, — 
Now,  might  it  only  perish  there! 

No  farther  go!  —Mrs.  Osgood. 

n  UMOR   is  a  pipe 

^^   Blown  by  surmises,  jealousies,  conjectures, 

And  of  so  easy  and  so  plain  a  stop, 

Th.it  the  blunt  monster  with  uncounted  heads  — 

The  still  discordant,  wavering  muititude  — 

Can  play  upon  it. 


■SJmlcesffi 


204 


^^^S- 


^" 


P^e£icli, 


iUciliiadO    Satilia.      Natural  Order:  LcoHiiuiiosiC  —  r/ilsf  Familv. 


UROPE    has    long   been   the    seat  of  the    Medick,  which   has 

1  1 1,  ome  thoroughly  naturalized  there,  though  it  is  supposed 

ii     have    been    originally    derived    from    the    ancient    Media 

(now    Northern   Persia),  whence   its  name.      It  is  of  the  same 

i;^^,'^.  Older  as    the    clover,  and    is  somewhat   naturalized    and    culti- 

"^^  \ated  in  America  lor  the  same  purpose,  but  it  has  not  proved 


3^  V;^ 'If'  \aluable,   being    probably  not  as   well   adapted    to  the  climate.      It 
t^-S-^^  IS  of  perennial  growth,  with  stems  about  a  foot  and  a  half  high. 


J^  IS  of  perennial  growth,  with  stems  about  a  foot  and  a  halt  high.     The 
Medicago  scutellata,  is   an  annual  of  the  same  class,  and   is    grown  in 
.^  ,     the  garden  for  its  curious  seed  vessels,  resembling  snail  shells,  which 
|j:^gi\es  the  familiar  name  of  Snails  to  the  plant.     The  Medicago  intertexta, 
*"    called  hedgehog,  has  prickly  pods,  and  is  cultivated  for  ornamental  pur- 
poses, as   are   some  others  of  the   same  species.      The   pods   are  used  in 
winter  bouquets  along  with  dried  grasses  of  various  kinds. 


J;I^rit^Iiur^J. 


R' 


'.W  well,  scatter  not,  ijather  clean  that  is  shorn, 
Bind  fast,  shock  apace,  hav 


ARTH  of  man  the  bounteous  mother. 


W" 


He  who  best  would  aid  a  brother 
Shares  w-ith  him  these  gifts  di 


-'John  Stirling. 


[LT  thou  repine 

To  labor  for  thyself?  and  rather  choose 
To  lie  supinely,  hoping  heaven  will  bless 
Thy  slighted  fruits,  and  give  thee  bread  unearned.' 
—Jo/m  Philips. 


IIIHO  abuseth  his  cattle  and  starves  them  for  meat. 

By  carting  or  ploughing  his  gain  is  not  great : 
Where  he  that  with  labor  can  use  them  aright, 
Hath  gain  to  his  comfort,  and  cattle  in  plight.       —Tuss. 


U  -r 


I'E  me,  ye  gods,  the  product  of  one  field. 

That  so  I  neither  may  be  rich  nor  poor; 

g^         And  having  just  enough,  not  covet  more.  _/), 


Y 


'OU  sunburnt  sickle  men,  of  Aug 
Come  hither  from  the 


^. 


and  be  merry. 
—Shakespt-are. 


w 


"Mtlilet. 


illdilotUS   alba.      Natural  Ordkr:  Leguminosa: — Pulse  Family. 


r\LL  herb,  passing  tVequL-titly  under  the  cognomen  of  Sweet- 
scented   Clover,   the   Melilot   used   to   be   cultivated  in  gardens 
"idi  the  fragrance  of  its  foliage,  as  well  as  its  flowers,  which  it 
ictains  for  a  long  time  in  a  dried  state.     By  many  it  was  con- 
sideied   as   desirable   to  place  among   clothing,  as   the  famed 
Nhuender   and    roseleaves  was   by  the   belles   of  the   last   cen- 
|g,tur>        It  IS  usually  about  three  feet  high,  and  in  an  uncultivated  state 
lb   found  in   meadows,   particularly  in   soils   left   by   running  streams,  in 
l"^"'',"  which   it   seems   to   delight.     The   flowers   are  small,   arranged    up   and 
'%down   the   stem  in    the    style    of  a    loose    raceme,    and    in    color    white, 
with  a  slight   tinge  of  yellow  intermixed.     It  derives  its  name  from  the 
1^  Greek,  and  signifies  honey  lotus. 


|^Hitn%iijt^, 


T  WOULD  brin: 
^    Cure  your  dis: 


balm,  and  pour  it  in   your  wound; 
temper'd  mind,  and  lit-al  your  I'ortun 


AND  now  philanthropy!    thy  ray 
'-  *■  Dart  round  the  globe  from  Zei 


O'er  each  dark  prison  play 
Like 


nbla's  to  the  1 
heering  light. 


T  N   faith  and  hope  the  world  will  disagree, 
^   But  all  mankind's  concern  is  charity : 
All  must  be  false  that  thwart  this  one  great  end, 
And  all  of  God  that  bless  mankind  or  mend. 

—Pope. 


T 


HE  primal  duties  shine  aloft,  like  sta 
The  charities  that  soothe,  and  heal, 


Are  scatter'd  at  the  feet  of  man,  like  flowers. 

—  Wordsworth. 


YET  was  she  no 
And  wisely  m; 


not  profuse,  but  fear'd  to  waste, 
managed  that  the  stock  might  la 

That  all  might  be  supplied,  and  she  not  grieve 

When  crowds  appear'd  she  had  not  to  relieve; 

Which  to  prevent,  she  still  increased  her  store; 

Laid  up,  and  spared,  that  she  might  the  more. 

—Drydcn 


K\ 


when  the  sickly  taper  shed 
Its  light  through  vapors  damp  confined, 
Hushed  as  a  seraph's  fell  thy  tread, 
A  new  Electra  by  the  bed 
Of  suffering  human  kind. 
Pointing  the  spirit  in  its  dark  dismay 
To  that  pure  hope  which  fadeth  not  away. 


1 


i^rm^iiffi  IH-je^C 


JprOSCrpilUUa  Jjalustlis.     Natural  Ohder:  Onagraccw  — Evening  Primyosc  Familv. 


IKE  so  many  others,  this  plant,  which  inhabits  moist  places, 
'^  such  as  ponds,  swamps  and  ditches,  has  its  mythological  asso- 
ciations, being  named,  it  is  thought,  from  Proserpine,  a  Roman 
ooddess  stolen  by  Pluto  and  conveyed  to  his  kingdom.      Ceres, 
^  iier   mother,  searched  for  her   a   long  time  in  vain,  but  at 
'  '■■    "^  '"last  hearing  that  she  had  been  taken  to  Pluto's  kingdom, 
;,  she   expostulated  with  Jupiter,   and  finally  obtained   permission   for  her 
daughter   to   remain   one  half  the  j^ear  with   her,  the  other   half  in   the 
infernal    regions.      The    name,   however,  may   have    been    derived    from 
W  the  creeping  habit  of  the  plant  (Latin   proscrpo,  I  creep),  as  the  stems 
creep  at  the  base  in   the   mud   or   shallow  water,  the   upper   part  only 
emerging. 


T?' 


iHi 


TTULL  soon,  I  know  it,  while  they  shall  strain  to  free 

From  these  idolatrous  arms  you  shall  be  torn ; 
You  are  fated  from  my  days  to  pass  and  be  not. 

Like  all  of  rare  and  fair  they  have  ever  worn  I 
I  am  doomed,  although  the  stealthy  doom  I  see  not; 

I  feast,  albeit  I  die  tomorrow  morn!  —Edgar Fazac, 


'T'HE  ship  which  goes  to  sea  inform'd  with  fire- 
Obeying  only  its  own  iron  force, 
Reckless  of  adverse  tides,  breeze  dead,  or  weak 
As  infant's  sporting  breath,  too  faint  to  stir 
The  feather  held  before  it,— is  as  much 
The  appointed  thrall  of  all  the  elements. 


'pHE  grass  withereth,  the  flower  fadeth, 
^     Ay,  and  I  know  "'tis  well," 

For  they  shall  live  again  when  springtime's 
Sweet  birdlings'  songs  shall  tell. 
Above  their  knell.  -Clmrlotte  CorJner. 


As  the  white  bosom'd  bark  which  wooes  the  wind. 
And  when  it  dies  desists.  And  thus  with  man: 
However  contrary  he  set  his  heart 


To  God,  he  is  but  w 

orki 

ig  ou 

t   His  will 

And  at  an  infinite  angle. 

more 

or  less 

Obeying  his  own  soi 

I's 

necessity. 

-Bailey 

TATE -soon 
^  The  longe 

or  late. 

t  da 

V  hat 

1  end; 

If  the  summer 

wai 

t, 

The  winter 

still 

must 

wend 

With  sad  steps  and  slow  u 

ito  th 

e  fields  ot 

Fate. 

-L.  Bruce 

Moore. 

i} 


'^lia,iii0ticite. 


lU'SCLia   OLiOrata.      Natural  Ordp:r:  Rcscdacccc  —  Mignonette  Family. 


^N    France,    Holland,   and    various   other    parts    of  Europe,    the 
Mignonette,   originally   a   native  of  Egypt   and   North   Africa, 
is   trained    into    a    tree    shape,    by    taking   a   straight,   healthy 
ant,   and   bending   a   piece  of  willow   or   whalebone   over  it, 
in  the  shape  of  a  hoop,  and  tying  the   shoot   to  it,  and   as   it 
increases  in  height  another  hoop  is  added  until  the  plant  has 
become  woody.     A  French  writer  remarks  that  she  has  seen  them  as 
old  as  fifteen  years,  and  even  double  that  age.     The  flowers,  after  they 
have  withered,  must   be  removed,  in  order  that  it   may  retain  its  vital- 
ity.    It  grows  also  in  beds  or  masses,  and  perfumes  the  whole  garden. 
Some    of    the    \-arieties    are    dense    and    bushy.     Though    humble    and 
'insignificant,  its   fragrance   makes   it   a   general   favorite.     Its   name   in   the 
^vernacular  is  from  the  French  and   means  little  darling,  its   botanical  name 


'is  from  the   Latin  rcscdo,  I  assuagt 


four  Qualili^s  Surpass  four  Ibarras. 


TT  is  not  mirth,  tor  mirtli  she  is  too  still; 
*■    It  is  not  wit,  which  leaves  the  heart  more  chill. 
But  that  continuous  sweetness  which  with  ease 
Pleases  all  around  it  from  the 


POR  you  remember  you  had  set. 

That  morning,  on  the  casement  edge, 

A  long,  green  box  of  mignonette, 

And  you  were  leaning  from  the  ledge: 


sh  to  please. 

—  TIk  n 

.\nd  when   I  rais 

They  met  i 
Such  eves!    I 


sed  my  eyes,  above 

th  two  so  full  and  bright - 

vear  to  vou,  mv  love, 


That  these  have 


lost  theii 


jht. 


Bp:auties  that 

.Still   present   with   i 


from   worth  arise 

.ice  of  deities, 

s,  though  unsighted. 

—  Sir  y.  Suck/in^. 
T  KXO\y  the  gentleman 

To  be  of  worth  and  worthy  estimation, 
And  not  without  desert  so  well  reputed. 

—  Shakfspt-ari\ 


^^^ 


'yms  tVagrant  bloom  of  garden  birth, 

.So  modest,  yet  persuasive  — 
Because  the  sweet  it  saps  from  earth 

By  fullness  is  invasive —        [I've  met  — 
truest   measure  of  my  love,  of  all  the  flowers 
Une  '^herbe  d'amour" — petite  in  girth, 

Delicious  mignonette!    —Mary  B.  Dodge. 


J 


IT 


illtUtl)a   uiliMs.      Natural  Order:  Labiat.t  — Mint  Family. 


■ijEVERAL  plants  are  known  under  the  common  name  of  mint. 
,  the  Spearmint   being  probably  the   most   agreeable  to  the  taste. 
,j  It  is  used  in  making  sauces  for  some  varieties  of  meat,  especially 
;  lamb;  medicinally  it  is  said  to  allay  fevers,  and  act  against  spas- 
modic affections.      The  Peppermint  is  well  known  through  the 
.R-  essences   sold    by  all    pharmaceutists.      Both   plants    are    nati\es 
Europe,  and  affect  moist  places,  frequently  growing  beside  shallow 
streams   and   in   low,   wet    meadows,   where   they   seem    much   more 
brittle  and  tender,  from  the  amount  of  water  they  suck  up  into  their 
stems.      Either  plant  grows  well  in  the  garden,  spreading  rapidly  by 
^  means  of  their  creeping  roots.     The  flowers  are  purple,  and  in  slender 
racemes.      According    to    mythology,    Minthe,    a    nymph   of  the  woods 
streams,  and   beloved   by  Hades  (Pluto),  was   turned   by  Proserpine 
into  one  of  these  plants. 


'irlui 


V 


IRTUE  stands  like  the 


and  all  which  rolls  around 


Drinks  life,  and  light,  and  glory  from   her  aspect. 


COUNT  life 
When  life' 


•ill  last 
o'er; 


)_v  virtues  —  these  \\ 
lame-footed  race  is 
And  these,  when  earthly  joys  are  past, 
Shall  cheer  us  on  a  brighter  shore. 

-Mrs.  S.  J.  Hale. 


V 


IRTUE,  dear  friend,  needs  no  defense; 


mnocence: 


Quivers  and  bows  and  poison'd  darts 
Are  only  used   by  guilty  hearts. 


T  riRTUE  could  see  to  do  what  virtu. 

By  her  own  radiant  light,  though 
Were  in  the  flat  sea  sunk. 


would 

im  and  moon 
—Milton. 


/^NLY  a  sweet  and  virtuous  soul, 

Like  season'd  timber,  never  gives; 
But,  though  the  whole  world  turn  to  coal, 
Then   chiefly    lives.  -George  Htrberl. 


'T'HE  path  to  peace  is  virtue;  what  I  show, 
^     Thyself  may  freely  on  thyself  bestow; 


Fortune  was  ne 
But  set  aloft  bv 


)rship'd  by  the  wise, 
usurps  the  skies. 

—DrvJen. 


r 


m 


fstl«-t0ie. 


jJI)0^a^CU^l■ClU   tlaUCSCCUS.      Natural  Order:  Loranthacccc — Mistletoe  Family. 


OUR  hundred  species  or  more  of  the  Mistletoe  are  now 
known  to  botanists.  The  leaves  are  thick  and  fleshy,  the 
ilowers  a  whitish  \ellow,  bearing  a  half  transparent  white 
berry,  with  a  sticky  pulp.     It  is  more  abundant  on  elm  trees 

V.  than  on  any  other,  and  only  when  it  was  found  on  the  oak 
.  was  it  considered  a  sacred  thing  b}-  the  Druids,  or  priests 
lo{  the  ancient  Britons;  when  so  found,  they  had  a  great  tri- 
umphal procession  to  gather  it,  after  which,  with  much  solemnity,  they 
laid  it  on  a  white  cloth,  and  divided  it  among  the  people  as  a  charm 
against  disease.  These  plants  are  parasitic  in  nature,  living  on  the 
uices  of  the  trees  on  which  they  rest.  This  particular  species,  the 
American  mistletoe,  derives  its  name,  which  was  given  it  by  Nuttall, 
from  two  Greek  words  denoting  thievish  tree. 


iltslntlcs  io  tic  iucrtomc. 


0 


UR   natures 
Yet  still  we 


ike  oil :    compound  us  with  anything, 
ve  to  swim   upon  the  top. 


;ason  together; 
darken  ahead: 


pOME,  my  soul,  let  u 
^  Come,  for  the  shade 
Care  and  sorrow  tighten  the  tether, 

Life's  sun  through  the  mists  grows  dim  and  red. 


-Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 

Come,  ere  the  long,  low  light  of  the   summer 
Fade  to  the  brown  of  the  autumn  leaf: 

Come,  lest  the  foot  of  the  careless  comer 

Lag  weary  in   paths   made  rough  with  grief 


-Barton   Grey. 


Great  souls, 
By  natiu-e  half  divine,  soar  to  the  stars, 
And  liold  a  near  acquaintance  with  the  gods. 


TVTATURE,  that  framed 


of  four  elements. 
Warring  within  our  breasts  for  regimen. 
Doth  teach  us  all  to  have  aspiring  minds : 
Our  soul.s,  whose  faculties  can  comprehend 
■ondrous  architechture  of  the  world. 


And  measure  ev'ry  wand'ring  planet's  course, 
.Still  climbing  after  knowledge  infinite. 
And  always  moving  as  the  restless  spheres. 
Wills  us  to  wear  ourselves,  and  never  rest 
Until  we  reach  the  ripest  fruit  of  all. 


f 


0ti:ltisbo0£< 


^COUitum   ^apcllus.      Natural  Order:  Raminciilacca:  —  Croxvfoot  Family. 


HIS    plant    takes    its    name    from    the    peculiar    shape    of  its 

flowers,  which    resemble    a  monk's    cowl   or   hood,  and    are 

of  various    colors  —  blue,    white,    and    rose-color.     It    has    a 

lather    pleasant    appearance,    and    when    once    established 

requires  but  little  attention,  as  it  grows  well  in  any  soil,  and 

thrives    from    year   to    year.     The    extract  of  the    plant    is 

extremeh   poisonous,  but,  used  medicinally,  it  is  the  strong  bulwark 

of  the    homceopathic    practice.     It    is  used    successfullj-  in    combating 

fevers,   and   the   first  stages   of   most   diseases,  as   it  acts  against  all 

inflammatory  conditions  of  the  bod}-,  but  should  never  be  used  in  the 

fluid  state  except  as  advised  by  a  physician. 


M 
% 


\x{x^\\  Jlrranlr^, 


OOLEMNLY  he  swore, 

^    That  by  the  faith  which  knights  to  knighthood  bore. 

And  whate'er  else  to  chivalry  belongs, 

He  would  not  cease  till  he  revenged  their  wrongs. 

— iJn'</.v;. 


A   TRUE  knight, 
■^       Not  yet  mature,  yet  matchless;   firm  in  word, 
Speaking  in  deeds,  and  deedless  in  his  tongue; 
Not  soon  provok'd,  nor  being  provok'd,  soon  calm'd 


His  heart  and  hand  both  open,  and  both  free; 
For  what  he  has,  he  gives;  what  thinks,  he  shows; 
Yet  gives  he  not  till  judgment  guide  his  bounty, 
Nor  dignifies  an  impure  thought  in  breath. 


-Shakespe, 


A    FORM  more  active,  light  and  strong 
■^   Ne'er  shot  the  ranks  of  war  along; 
The  modest,  yet  the  manly  mien. 
Might  grace  the  court  of  maiden  queen. 


IL 


AT  AUGHT  is  more  honorable  to  a  knight, 
■'■       Nor  better  doth  beseem  brave  chivalrv. 


Than  to  defend  the  feeble  in  their  right. 
And  wrong  redress  in  such  as  Avend 


^- 


wi. 


good  blade  carves  the  casques  of 
My  tough  lance  thrusteth  sine, 
strength  is  as  the  strength  of  ten. 
Because  my  heart  is  pure. 


m 


^pOIUCCft   Nil.      Natural  Order:    Coyivolviilacete — Convolvulus  Family. 


a   well    known   cl 
ejected  by  some  for  its 


imber   and   general   favorite,  though 
commonness,  or  because  it  is  found 


/^IIh*^  so  fiequently  in  the  humble  walks  of  life.     It  however  forms 

a   \eiy   grateful    shade   from    the    noonday   sun,   and    is   used 

Unoie    than    any    other    annual    vine    for    that    purpose.     The 

flowers    are  various    in   color;    the    bud  is   curiously  twisted, 

which,  when  expanded  is  of  a  beautiful  trumpet-shape,  the  tints  being 

far  more  delicate  than  any  brush  could  lay.     In  the  Southern  States 

^  it  grows  wild,  adorning   the   hedges  and   bywajs  with  its   blossoms, 

id  supplying  the   humming-bird  and   bee  with  their  morning   repasts. 


^jpsi^* 


lyiY  heart  is  like  the  sleeping  lake, 

"^   Which  takes  the  hue  of  cloud  and  sky, 

And  only  feels  its  surface  break 

When  birds  of  passage  wander  by. 


TTTITHOUT,  the  happy  birds  are  singing 
*        Their  last  song  in  the  gathering  gloom ; 
And  languorous  airs  soft  scents  are  bringing 
From  musky  buds  and  bloom. 

— Gepf^f  Cooper. 


H' 


ERE  let  us  couch  in  fern, 
And  gaze  adown  the  forest's  dim  arcade. 
Where  little  patches  of  bright  sunlight  burn. 
Companioned  of  deep  shade. 


'yHE  cricket  on  its  bank  is  dumb; 
*■    The  very  flies  forget  to  hum; 
And,  save  the  wagon  rocking  round. 
The  landscape  sleeps  without  a  sound. 


TTERE  stretched,  the  pleasant  turf  I  pre; 

In  luxury  of  idleness; 
Sun-streaks,  and  glancing  wings,  and  sky 
Spotted  with  cloud-shapes,  charm  my  eye: 
While  murmuring  grass  and  waving  trees. 


-John   Clare. 

Their  leaf-harps  sounding  to  the  breeze. 
And  water-tones  that  tinkle  near. 
Blend  their  sweet  music  to  my  ear; 
And  by  the  changing  shades  alone 
The  passage  of  the  hours  is  known. 


Alfr. 


B.  Stre 


IKl^i^fmimig  grille* 

Siabioaa   atropuriJUrca.      Natural  Okder:  Dlpsacecv— Teasel  Family. 


()URXI\G  BRIDE  (Sweet  Scabious)  is  a  perennial  plant, 
hut  <is  It  is  onh-  half-hardy  in  the  Northern  climate,  and 
-o.  blooms  the  first  season,  it  is  sown  ev^ery  summer  and 
li  illowcd  to  perish  with  the  frost;  although  it  would  be 
woith  the  trial  to  see  if  some  light  protection  would  not 
--iNe  It.  as  most  perennial  plants  bloom  better  when  the 
I  well  established.  For  many  years  it  has  been  a  favorite 
fc(  gaiden  ilowei,  being  neat  in  habit,  with  very  pretty  tapering  foliage 
and  desiiable  blossoms.  The  buds  are  bunched  together  like  a 
1>>^  semi-spheiiLal  cushion,  the  rounded  side  up,  the  lower  row  of 
llf^',  floietb  ot  which  open  first,  and,  when  all  are'  expanded,  fairly 
crowd  each  other  for  room.  They  are  velvety  in  texture,  and  in 
f  some  of  the  purples  and  maroons  the  colors  are  so  intense  that 
H  the  e\'e  can  scarcely  penetrate  the  depth  of  their  tints,  as  they  are 
only  a  shade  or  two  from  being  black;  hence  the  epithet,  atropurpurea,  or  dark 
purple.  There  are  some  light  varieties,  also  white.  They  have  the  odor  of 
musk. 


UnfcrlunHlo  ^Hntl^mcnl. 


T    HAVE  thrust  .iwav  in  s 
I  h.Tve  laid  to  rest  each 


ilence  e.ach  loving  thought  of  you; 
memory,  so  tender  and  so  true ; 
I  have  prayed  upon  my  bended  knees  for  power  to  forget. 


And  the  answer  to  that  prayer  is  this- 


lo\t 


I'ou,  lov 


NEED  not  say  how,  one  b\-  one. 
Love's  flowers  have  dropp'd  from  o 


And  that  they  cannot  bloom  aga 


N< 


[OT  one  sigh  shall  tell  my  story. 
Not  one  tear  my  cheek  shall  stair 
Silent  grief  sliall   be  my  glory  — 

Grief  that  stoops  not  to  complain. 


TTNHAPPY  he, 


ho  lets  a  tender  heart, 
Bound  to  him  by  the  ties  of  earliest  love. 
Fall  froin  him  by  his  own  neglect,  and  die, 
C  [        Because  it  met  no  kindness.       —Perchal. 


IH  me!    I  thought  you  loved 
Our  human  e 


well  - 


s  are  blind ; 
only  re.ids  life's  parable, 
Who  never  looks  behind.      —Barton  Grey, 


•^^^ 


ir 


pittlUitt. 


DcrbttSCUin   tl)afiSU3.      Natural  Order:  ScrophuIa>-iacece—Figv:ort  Family. 


LRBASCUM,  or   Mullein,   is   a   common  wayside    plant,  that 

Ik  we    will    dignify   with    a    place    in    this  volume    as    a    slight 

recompense  lor  the  abuse  it  has  ever,  and  will  ever,  receive. 

^^  Condemned    as    a   weed,    considered    as    evidence    of  an   untidy 

landholder  wherever   it    is    seen    occupying    the    fields,  its    statel}' 

stalk   a    target    for  every   roadside    rambler's    stick,    it    has    at    least 

some  Mitues,   and    less  vice    than    it    generally  obtains   credit    for,  and 

t^  shall  leceive  a  tribute  for  the  memory  of  childhood,  when  we  remem- 
-  -  bei  seeing  its  golden  blossoms  so  far  above  our  head.  The  whole 
plant  piesents  a  gray  appearance,  from  the  dense  woolly  texture  that 
'co\eis  Its  leaves  and  stalk.  It  is  said  to  have  been  used  in  ancient 
rtimes  as  wicks  for  lamps,  or  was  placed  in  small  vessels  of  oil,  and  one 
end  lighted,  the  oil  continually  creeping  up  its  dense  surface,  supplying  the  flame 
with  fuel;  and  many  a  country  lassie  has  been  indebted  for  her  rosy  cheeks  to  a 
pilfered  leaf,  whose  rough  surface  she  has  furtively  applied  to  her  smooth  skin. 
The  plant  has  several  medicinal  properties,  being  demulcent,  anti-spasmodic,  and 
useful  as  an  anodj'ne.      The  German  name  is  zvollkrant,  signifying  wool-plant. 


iooh  "^atur^. 


/"'OOD  humor  only  teaches  charms  to  last, 
^    Still  makes  new  conquests,  and  maintains 


TTE  keeps  his  temper'd  mind  serene  and  pure, 
And  ev'ry  passion  aptly  harmonized, 


Amid  a  jarring  world. 


-  Tliompsi 


A    SWEETER  and  a  lovelier  gentleman, 
Framed  in  the  prodigality  of  nature. 
The  spacious  world  cannot  again  afford. 

—Shakesi 


qp HOUGH   time  her  bloom  is  stealing, 

A      There  's  still  beyond  his  art  — 
The  wild-flower  wreath  of  feeling. 

The  sunbeam  of  the  heart.       —Hallec/.: 
214 


i 


r 


txB%  ^lami. 


m 


jnimulus   mOStljatUS.      Natural  Order:  Scrophitlariacc<E—Fig'.vort  Family. 


UT  few  things  in   nature   have  the  odor  of  musk,  particularly 
in    the  vegetable   kingdom;    and   this    little,   unobtrusive    plant, 
so   delicate   and   fragile,  is  cultivated  tor  this   property,  other- 
wise  it  would    be   passed    by  for   its   more  showy  sisters;   yet 
its    blossoms    look    like  drops  of  yellow  gold   among  its  pale- 
green  leaves.      It  is  a  native  of  Oregon.     The  other  varieties 
"^■^  of  the  Mimulus  are  grown  for  their  curious  and  striking  flowers, 
which  are  usually  yellow,  velvety,  and  spotted  with  crimson,  maroon,  or 
brown.     They  are  well  adapted  for  garden  or  house  culture,  but  require 
p  moisture,  and  a  little  shelter  from  the  scorching  sun.     Mimulus  is  derived 
^    from  the  Greek   minw^  signifying  an  ape,  from  the  grinning  appearance 
of  the  corolla.      Another  variety  is   known   as   the  Mimulus   ringens,  or 
Monke^'-flower. 


A 


HUNDRED  thousand  welcomes!     I  could  weep, 
And   I  could  laugh;  I  am   light,  and  heavy;  welcome. 


'T^HERE  'S  not  a  fiber  in  my  trembling  frame 
That  does  not  vibrate  when  thy  step  draws  near; 
There  's  not  a  pulse  that  throbs  not  when  I  hear 

Thy  \oice,  thy  breathing,  nay,  thy  very  name. 

—Frances  Kemble  Butler. 


—Shakespeare. 

"IITHEN  lovers  meet  in  adverse  hour, 

'Tis  like  a  sun-glimpse  through  a  shower, 
A  watery  ray  an  instant  seen, 
Then  darkly-closing  clouds  between. 

—Scoii. 


AND  doth  not  a  meeting  like  this  make  amends 
■'^   For  all  the  long  years  I've  been  wand'ring  away- 
To  see  thus  around  me  my  youth's  early  friends. 
As  smiling  and  kind  as  in  that  happy  d.iy? 


Tgi 

'es 

me 

wonder,  great  as  my 

content. 

To 

see 

you 

here  before  me. 

-Shak 

spea 

TN  that 
A   Tomoi 

same 

plac 

row  t 

ulv 

T" 


E  joy  of  meeting  p.\vs  the  pangs  of  absence, 


thou  hast  appointed  me 
ill  I  meet  with  thee. 


& 


■=^S, 


it0tEril< 


Siimpis   alba.      Natural  Order:    Crucifcra:— Mustard  Family. 


I'EIVED  into  this  country  probabl}-  from  German}-  or  England, 
It  is  a  very  ancient  European  herb,  it  has  always  been 
^teemed  as  a  condiment  for  the  table  and  for  its  excellent 
medical  qualities.  It  is  exceedingly  prolific,  and  wherever  once 
sown,  will  take  care  of  its  own  reproduction.  In  England 
'"'■-'-  it  is  cultivated  in  quantities  for  its  seed,  and  on  a  small  scale 
^,«^^^  m  some  parts  of  America.  It  is  sometimes  grown  in  hotbeds  as  a  salad, 
^H  ^^  and  the  \  outig  leaves  of  the  garden  Mustard  are  frequently  boiled  as 
^C  '  green.s.  It  .sends  up  a  strong,  branching  stalk,  about  four  feet  high, 
^^jl_^^  whiili  i.s  in  summer  covered  with  numerous  small,  sulphur-colored  flowers. 
Tlie  seeds  are  formed  in  small,  delicate  pods,  which,  when  ripe,  burst,  and 
'''^  let  their  contents  scatter  o\'er  the  ground.  The  seeds  are  very  pungent 
to  the  taste;  but  those  of  the  Sinapis  nigra,  or  Black  Mustard,  are  still 
more  so:  the  flour  of  mustard,  the  form  in  which  it  is  used  as  a  condi- 
ment, is  a  combination  of  both  —  two-fifths  black,  and  three-filths  white.  The 
pungency  is  developed  only  where  the  flour  is  brought  under  the  influence  of  water. 


Inhifbr^nti 


ALA.S!  my  lord,  i 
•'*■  I  could  suggest 
Than  those  regards 

T  ET  me  this  fondness  from  my  bosom  tear; 

Let  me  forget  that  e'er  I   thought  her  fair; 
Come,  cool  indifterence,  and  heal  my  breast; 


alking  would  prevail, 
uch  better  arguments 
lu  throw  away  on  me. 

Wearied,  at  length,  I  seek  thy  downy  rest  — 
Not  all  her  arts  my  ste.ady  soul  shall  move, 
And  she  shall  find  indifterence  conquers  love 


GRACIOUS  person;   but  yet  I  cannot  love  him: 


He 


?ht  ha^ 


T)UT  in  those  lands  where  people  are, 
'^   Few  men  at  all  take  any  heed; 
While  still  he  sings,  and  from  afar, 


,er  long  ago. 

—  Shake.tpeare. 

.So  beautiful  is  the  song,  indeed 
That  twilight  loiters  hours  to  hear, 
Eavesdropping  with  a  roseate  ear. 


^&- 


frtle* 


fllnitus   COlUlUUnis.      Natural  Order:  My rtacex— Myrtle  Family. 


ij  ■  Til  ENS  adopted  the  Afyrtle  as  an  emblem  of  municipal 
^   autiiorit}',  and  the  victors  in  the  Olympic  games  were  crowned 

^'  ^  with  wreaths  of  it;  it  was  also  sacred  to  Venus,  the  goddess 
of  love,  and  her  temples  were  encompassed  with  groves  of 
^  iVIyrtle.  We  find  in  Virgil,  that  in  Baiae  (a  small  town  in 
>  C'.impania,  on  the  coast  between  Cumae  and  Puteoli,  a 
iLiort   of    the    Romans    on    account    of    its    warm    baths    and 


*^^  1  l\  Ol  lit 

pleasant  location),  "there  was  a  large  Myrtle  grove,  where  a  warm, 
sudorific  vapor  rose  from  the  earth."  King  Faunus  beat  Bona  Dea, 
his  wife,  to  death  with  myrtle  rods,  because  she  lowered  the  dignity  of 
a  queen  by  becoming  intoxicated  with  wine.  He  afterward  repented 
his  severity,  deified,  and  paid  her  divine  honors.  It  is  a  handsome, 
ornamental  evergreen  shrub,  grown  usually  in  the  greenhouse,  and  was 
much  admired  by  the  ancients  for  its  elegance  and  fragrance. 


Jutij, 


dost  thv 


powt 


r\H.  love!    thou 

^-'     And  wilt  not  bear  a  rival  in  thv  reign; 

Tvrants  and  thou  all  fellowship  disdain. 


TOVE 

L^     A, 


^E  knoweth  everv  form  of  air, 
And  every  shape  of  earth ; 
And  comes,  unbidden,  everywhere, 
Like  thought's  mysterious  birth. 

—  iriV/is. 
SUBTLE,  unbound  power, 
That  slips  the  soul  from  it 
And  makes 


-Drydc-i 
OVE 


a  pearl  of  purest  hue, 
^-^   But  stormy  wa\es  are  round  it, 
And  dearly  may  a  woman  rue 
The  hour  that  first  she  found  it. 


—A/:'ss  Laiidott. 


A 


'pRUE,  ah!  true,  and  well   I  mark 
All  your  words  would  teach  — 
And  my  soul  beyond  the  dark 
Stretches  forth  to  reach 


buoyant  and  lighter  than  air. 

—C.  H.  T. 
Faith  yet  fuller,  more  complete. 

While  my  lips  attest 
It  is  love  makes  heaven  sweet  — 
Love  is  jitore  than  rest! 

-Mmv  B. 


i 


(UropiroluiU  mains.      Natural  Okder:  TropccolacecE— Nasturtium  Family. 


^F  this  handsome  class  of  plants,  there  exists  quite  a  number  of 

annual    \arieties,    some    of   which    are    dwarf  or    low-growing, 

others  climbing  five  or  six  feet  high,  adhering  to  their  support 

'X^  b\    their  long  leaf-stalks.     The  flowers  are  brilHant,  usuall}'  of 

y^'5  some  shade  of  orange  or  yellow,  combined  with  red,  crimson, 

maroon,   or   carmine,  and   in   shape  very  aptly  compared  to   a 

helmet,  and  the  leaf  to  a  shield.     Hence  the  botanical  name,  from  the 

)  Greek    tiopieoii   a    tropliy,   which    meant    strict!}-    the    pile    of  captured 

helmets,  shields  etc.,  raised  by  the  victorious  party  on  the  field  of  battle. 

i^fijj  'v.  The  vernacular  Nasturtium  is  from  the  Latin  nasus  tor/us,  twisted  nose. 

'JL      because   of  the   pungency  of  the  plant.     There  are  also   two  or   three 

n  i  y^-i'  tuburous  or  bulbous  varieties,  that  are  as  yet  rather  unfrequent  in  cul- 

r"^  \j   tivation,    and    are    more    delicate   in   foliage   and    flower    than    the  well 

known  species  mentioned  abo\e.     The  Canary  Bird  Flower,  Tropeolum  aduncum 

is  said,  when  fully  grown,  to  live  on  air  alone  if  detached  from  the  roots.     They 

are  all  nati\es  of  Peru. 


"\7"ET  it  may  be  more  lofty  courage  dwells 

In  one  weak  heart  which  braves  an  adverse  fate, 
Than  his  whose  ardent  soul  indignant  swells, 
Warm'd  by  the  fight,  or  clieer'd  through  high  debate. 

— Jfrs.  I^orton. 
'pHE  wise  and  active  conquer  difficulties  'y>HERE  is  a  tear  for  all   who  die. 

By  daring  to  attempt  them;   sloth  and  folly  ^     A  mourner  o'er  the  humblest  grave; 

Shiver  and  sink  at  sights  of  toil  and  hazard.  But  nations  swell  the  funeral  crv. 

And  make  the  impossibility  they  fear.  And  triumph  weeps  above  the  brave. 

-''""■'••  -Byro, 

'INHERE  'S  naught  within  the  comp.iss  of  humanity 
But   I  \vould  dare  and  do.  —Sir  A.  Hunt. 


K 


ND  though  in  peaceful  garb  arrayed,  A  highborn  heart  and  martial   pride, 

And  weaponless  except  his  blade,  As  if  a  baron's  crest  he  wore. 


His  stately  mien  as  well  implied  And,  sheathed  in  armor,  tread  the  shore. 

—Srott. 


r 


g^jem0jpfeila. 


^'einopl)ila   insitinis.      Natural  Order:  Hydrophyllaccxe—Waterlcaf  Family. 


EMOPHILA,  meaning,  in  tlie  Greek,  lover  of  the  grove,  is  a 

V"lo\v-growing,  delicate,  herbaceous  plant,  about  six  inches  high, 

iid   a'  nati\e   of  California.      The   narrow  leaves   are   notched 

tcph'  on  tlie  sides,  and  are  slightly  downy;   the   flowers  are 

small,  but   pretty,  some   being  white  with  a  purple  spot  on 

each   petal,  as  if  fairy  hands  had   given  each  a  pinch  with 

md  finger;  another  is  blue,  edged  with  white,  and  vice  versa 

blue   with  a  white  center;   altogether   a  dozen   or   more   different 

uieties.      The  plants  delight  in  shady  grounds,  making  themselves 

iliiubly  desirable  on  that  account,  and  present  a  nice  appearance  as 

1   border   for  walks   and    margins  of  beds,  or,  if  fancy  dictate,  they 

can  be  sown  in  a  mass  by  themselves. 


yruspErifg, 


pvAME   NATURE  gave  him  comeliness  anc 
And  Fortune,  for  a  passport,  gave  him  \v 


id  health, 
vealth. 


"IITHEN  fortune  raiseth  to  the  greatest  height,  CVc    both  our  fortunes,  good  and  bad,  we  find 

The  happy  man  should  most  suppress  his  state,       ^   Prosperity  more  searching  of  the  mind; 
Expecting  still  a  change  of  things  to  find.  Felicity  flies  o'er  the  wall  and  fence. 

While  misery  keeps  in  with  patience. 


And  tearing  when  the  gods  appear  too  kind. 

—Sir  Robert  Hozrard. 


^   And  purpl 


came  smiling  to 
e  greatness  met  n 


lonth,  and  woo'd 
pen'd  years. 


"PROSPERITY  puts  out  unnumbered  thoughts        AJOW  rising  fortune  elevates  his  mind. 

Of  import  high,  and  light  divine,  to  man.  He  shines  unclouded,  and  adorns  mankind. 

—Toung.  —  Savage. 

■PvAILY  and  hourly  proof 


Tell  us,  prosperity  is  at  highest  degree 


The  fount  and  handle  of  calamity. 
219 


^^^ 


r 


li^ttu. 


lll'tita  Moica.      Natural  Order:   Ui-ticacecc — Nettle  Family. 


l\TICA,  from  the  Latin  tiro,  I  burn,  is  the  very  expressive 
.I'll!  appropriate  botanical  name  of  this  familiar  nuisance,  as  one 
I  iMiiot  come  in  contact  with  it  without  being  stung.  Through 
11^  innumerable  tubular  hairs  there  passes  a  viscous,  venomous 
--■iLn.  fluid  into  the  pores  of  the  skin,  creating  a  sensation  that  is 
'^'■fintensely  disagreeable  and  indescribable.  Hence  the  term 
<'ncttled  is  a  synonym  for  chagrin  or  any  mortifying  sensation.  The 
"Greek  epithet  dioica  denotes  belonging  to  the  household,  or  familiar. 
"ip^Tlie  flowers  of  the  nettle  are  small  and  green.  The  leaves  of  the 
ik-r  yo'J"Ji  plants  are  sometimes  used  as  a  potherb,  but  of  course  have  to 
*^^  be  gathered  with  gloves.  Some  of  the  Asiatic  varieties  yield  a  fiber 
\^  that  is  sometimes  utilized  as  a  substitute  for  hemp.  There  are  in  all 
ibout  twenty-three  genera  and  three  hundred  species  of  nettles. 


^bnbn 


'Tj'ROM  door  to  door  vou  might  have  seen  him  speed, 

Or  plac'd  amid  a  group  of  gaping  fools, 
And  whispering  in  their  ears  witli  his  foul  lips. 


-Pollotk. 

I  shaft,  at  random  sent. 
Finds  mark  the  archer  little  meant; 
And  many  a  word,  at  random  spoken, 
Mav  soothe  or  wound  a  heart  that's  broke 


OLANDEROUS  reproaches  and   foul  infamies, 
^   Leasings,  backbitings  and  vainglorious  crakes, 
Bad  counsels,  praises,  and  false  flatteries; 
All  these  against  that  fort  did  bend  their  batteries. 

—Sputser.  —Scott. 

TF  I  am  traduc'd  by  tongues,  whicli  neither  know 

My  faculties  nor  person,  yet  will  be 
The  chroniclers  of  my  doing  —  let  me  say, 
'Tis  but  the  fate  of  place,  and  the  rough  brake 
That  \irtue  must  go  through.  —.'ilmkesfrnre. 

OKILL'D  by  a  touch  to  deepen  scandal's  tints     While  mingling  truth  with  falsehood,  sneers  with  smiles, 
^   With  all   the  kind  mendacity  of  hints.  And  thread  of  candor  \vith  a  web  of  wiles. 


^ 


r 


w, 

^ 


li 


(DUEICUS   alba.      Natural  Ordek:    Cupttlifcnc—Oak  Family. 


\  KRY  one  is  familiar  with  the  appearance  of  this  noble  genus 
c.t  trees,  or  has  read  more  or  less  in  its  praise.  The  wood 
oi  timber  of  many  of  the  varieties  is  exceedingly  useful  to 
in,  in  many  of  the  mechanical  arts,  but  more  especially  in 
^^ttv^'^'^liip-building,  on  account  of  its  great  strength  and  durability. 
"**  It  IS  also  of  historic  interest  to  all  Americans,  as  it  was  in 
,^the  hollow  of  an  oak  at  Hartford,  that  the  Charter  obtained  by  Gov. 
I'^J^  Winthiop,  the  younger,  for  the  colonists  of  Connecticut,  from  Charles  I. 
''[SiPol  England,  was  secreted  from  October  31,  1687,  to  May,  1689.  ^''' 
\<^  Edmund  Andros  made  an  unsuccessful  attempt  to  rob  them  of  it,  but 
^was  thwarted  by  William  Wadsworth,  who  spirited  it  oft'  and  hid  it 
in  the  Oak,  which  from  this  circumstance  was  called  the  Charter  Oak. 
It  IS  supposed  to  have  been  upward  of  three  hundred  years  old  when 
blown  down  by  a  storm,  Aug.  20,  1856.  The  Oak  has  been  considered  by  the 
heathen  as  honored  above  all  other  trees,  because  the  sacred  mistletoe  grows 
upon  its  branches. 


!|cnijr. 


'HESE  be  the  sheaves  that  honor's  harvest  bears; 
The  seed  thy  valiant  acts;   the  world  the  field. 


IJONOR  and  shame  from  no  condition  rise; 
Act  well   your  part,  there  all  the  honor  lies. 

ll/TINE  hoi 
M   Take  he 

or  is  my  life;   both  grow  in  one; 

nor  from  me,  and  my  life  is  done. 

-Pope. 

—  Shakespeare. 

TTEAVX,  that  made  n 
n   Tlian  ever  king  did 

le  honest,  made 

me  more 

when  he  made 

a  lord. 

-Ro:i,c. 

00  much  the  thirst  of  honor  fires  the  blood; 
^    .So  many   would  be  great,  so  few  be  good; 

'pHE  tall  0 
A     The   fur\ 

ak,  towering  to  the  skies, 

of  the  wind  defies; 

For  \\\\Q  would  \irtue  for  herself  regard, 

Fro,n  age  to 

age,  in  virtue  strong. 

Or  wed  without  the  portion  of  reward.' 

Inured  to  sta 

wX  and  sufter  wrong. 

/                                                                                    -Z.,.*.. 

-Mo„lgomery.              _ 

1^^.. 

21 

^-.^'h 

r 


mis. 


^IdCUiI   SlltilXl.      Xaturai,  Oi!Dp:r:    Graminca;  —  Grass  Family. 


\  MILIAR  throughout  our  own  and  other  lands  is  this  tall, 
^1  asslike  plant.  It  is  grown  in  large  fields  for  its  useful  and 
nutritious  seeds,  which  grow  in  long,  loose  panicles.  In  Scot- 
and  much  pains  are  taken  to  prepare  a  meal  from  it,  and 
when  boiled  into  a  mush,  as  we  use  cornmeal,  or  baked  into 
^-  oat  cake,  Ibrms  an  excellent  article  of  diet,  very  wholesome 
and  nutiitious,  so  that  the  cannie  Scot's  time-honored  predilection  for 
oatmeal  is  found  based  upon  sound  physiological  principles.  The 
whole  seed  is  used  everywhere  as  food  for  horses  and  cattle.  It  is 
said  to  flourish  in  cold,  hut  to  degenerate  in  warm,  climates. 


ioutilr^  Jif^. 


I'LL  cull  the  farthest  mead  for  tliy  repast; 
■•    The  choicest   I  to  thv  hoard  \\\\\  bring, 
And  draw  thy  water  from   tlie  freshest  spring. 


'T'HERE  health,  so  wild  and  gay,  with  bosom  bare 
•*■    And  rosy  cheek,  keen  eye,  and  flowing  hair 
Trips  with  a  smile  the  breezy  scene  along. 
And  pours  the  spirit  of  content  in  song. 


-Pindn, 


,     ATATURE   I'll  court  in  her  sequestered  haunts, 
By  mountain,  meadow,  streamlet,  grove,  or  cell, 
Where  the  pois'd  lark  his  evening  ditty  chants, 
And  health,  and  peace,  and  contemplation  dwell. 
—SiHoUet. 


0 


UR   fields  .are  full   with  the  time-ripened  grain, 
Our  vineyards  with  the  purple  clusters  swell; 
r  golden  splendor  glimmers  on  the  main. 
And  vales  and  mountains  her  bright  glory   tell. 


0 


HOW  canst  thou  renounce  the  boundless  store 
Of  charms  which   nature  to  her  votary  yields; 
le  warbling  woodland,  the  resounding  shore, 
The  pomp  of  groves,  and  garniture  of  fields. 
^Kentlie. 


Wl 


—Lord  Thurlov. 
E  be  a  cot  beside  the  hill; 


A  beehive's  hum  shall  sootlie  my  ear; 
ivillowy  brook,  that  turns  a  mill. 
With  manv  a  fall  shall  linger  near. 


0 


F1ELD.S,  O  woods,  0 


shall   I  be  made 


The  happy  tenant  of  your  shade.' 


m 
1 


Xcrimu    (Olmnili-r.       Xaituai.   Order:  ApocyitacciC  — Dogbane  Family. 


ROWING  erect  and  branching  regularly,  this  tall  evergreen 
shiub  keeps  a  good  shape  with  very  little  attention.  The 
most  common  species  have  rose-colored,  single  or  double 
flowers,  while  some  of  the  others  are  red,  striped,  crimson 
and  white,  and  one  pure  white,  partly  double.  The  flowers 
Jf  *  ol  the  latter  are  apt  to  scorch  it"  too  much  exposed  to  the 
burnmg  i<us  ot"  a  midda}-  sun  when  in  bloom.  All  of  these  varieties 
aie  ndtues  ot  the  Le\ant  and  some  parts  of  Palestine,  growing  near 
sti  earns  in  those  localities,  but  are  quite  common  in  house  cultivation 
in  \meric  i,  being  placed  out  of  doors  in  summer.  In  Florida  it  is 
tound  in  swamp}^  lands,  attaining  the  size  of  a  tree.  The  Oleander 
belongs  to  a  very  poisonous  family,  and  no  part  should  be  placed  in 
the  mouth,  as  instances  of  occasional  fatality  are  on  record. 


TET  no  man  know  tliv  business  save 
.\  man  of  mind. 


-Bailey. 


T  F  light  wrongs 
•I    No  more  shall 


great;  it" 


OEWARE  of  desperate  steps;   the  darkest  day, 
O    Live  till   tomorrow,  will   have  passed  aw.i_v. 
—Co:eper. 


tew,  not  ma 
There  's  naught  so  sacred  with  us  but  may  f 
A  sacrilegious  person;  yet  the  thing  is  T''XCERTATX  ways  unsafest  are. 

reach  it.  And  doubt  a  greater  mischiet'  than  despai 

-^louso,,.  '  ^Sir  J.  De„l,am 


No  less  divine  'cause  the  profane 


TH 
f 


EN   tlv  betimes,  for  onlv   the\ 


-yHOSE  edges 
A  sober  mo( 


soonest  turn  that  are  most  keen, 
moderation  stands  sure. 
No  violent  extremes  endure. 


A    VALIANT  m.in 
•'  *^   Ouglit  not  to  unc 


tempt  a  dang 


id   bv  selected 


—Aleyii 


H 


EAT  not  a  furnace  for  your  foe  so  hot 
That  it  diitli  singe  yourself  —Shake.<:pmre. 

223 


® 


'iCStStiCi*. 


1 


(OlctaClUUS   aigcutca.      Natural  Order:  Elaagnaccce — Oleaster  Family. 


II  \ER-LEAVED  Oleaster  is  a  native  of  Missouri,  and  is  con- 

'-uli  led  a  shrub  worthy  of  introducing  into  ornamental  shrubberies. 

'j  'llu    foliage   is   handsome,  and   covered  with  a  silvery  scurf;   the 

II  .inches  are  red.      In  Europe  there  is  a  variety  cultivated  which 

duces    a    fruit    having,   when    dried,   much    the  flavor  of  the 

^x    •         ci  lie.      It  is   of  a   reddish   color,  and    about   the   shape   and    size 

iM  J  *''    ■'    plum-      It   is   called    Ela^agnus    angustiflora,   or   Narrow-leaved 

Okastei       Several  other  of  the  species  are  worthy  of  attention,  one 

j;^^'  "being    an    evergreen    variety  from    the    East    Indies.      The    botanical 

name  seems  to  imply,  in  Greek,  upright  olive  —  a  significance  retained 

in  the  vernacular,  which  is  derived  from  the  Latin. 


J'njuibriit^* 


PROVIDEN'CE,  not  niggardly,  but  wist 

Here  lavishly  bestows,  and  there  deni( 

Tliat  bv  each  other's  virtues  we  mav  rise. 


Gti 


mark  the  matchless  working  of  the  power 
That  shuts  within  the  seed  the  future  flow^er 
Bids  these  in  elegance  of  form  excel. 
In  color  these,  and  those  delight  the  smell; 
Sends   Nature  forth,  the  daughter  of  the  skies. 
To  dance  on  earth,  and  charm  all  human  eyes. 


'y  HERE,  when  the  tangled  web  is  all  explained. 
Wrong  suffered,  pain  inflicted,  grief  disdained, 
Man's  proud,  mistaken  judgments  and  false  scorn 
Shall  melt  like  mists  before  the  uprising  morn. 
And  holy  truth  stand  forth  serenely  bright, 
In  the  rich  flood  of  God's  eternal  light! 


—Co: 


■per. 


—Mrs,  Norton, 


TIE  that  doth  the  ravens  feed. 

Yea,  providently  caters  for  the  sparrow, 
Be  comtbrt  to  my  age.  —,9/iaie.ife, 


**    The 

it  that  will 

doubt 

are  of  heavt 

n.'  or 

thi 

ik  th 

immorta 

Pow'rs  are 

slow,  'cause 

thev 

tak 

e  the 

P> 

vilege 

To  choose 

their  own  t 

me,  w 

hen 

thev 

w 

11  send 

Their  blessings  down. 

— / 

lavmaiil 

'T^HUS  wisdom  speaks 

To  man;  thus  calls  him  through  this  actual  form 
Of  nature,  through  religion's  fuller  noon, 
Through  life's  bewildering  mazes,  to  observe 
A  Providence  in  all!  —Ogilvie. 

224 


4 


-^M 


lixst< 


11 


Oka   CJ'Uropira.      Natural  Order:   Olcacav  —  Olive  Family. 


tJ 


iHIEFLY  cultivated   for  its  fruit,  the  Olive  abounds  in  Spain, 
Italv,   and    the    southern    parts   of  France.     The    fruit   is    first 
bruised    to    the    consistency  of  paste,   after  which  it    is   mixed 
with  hot  water,  and  strained  through  flannel  sacks.      The  oil 
is  then  separated  from  the  water,  and  bottled  or  barreled   for 
transportation    as    the    Olive    oil    of   commerce.      Minerva    (in 
„3f-  Gieek,  Athene),  the  goddess  of  war,  wears  a  crown  of  Olive  leaves  as 
an  emblem  of  peace;   for,  say  ancient  authors,  "war  is  only  made  that 
peace   mav  follow."     It  is   said,  also,  that  when   she  was  disputing  with 
^  Neptune  about   the  name  of  a  city,  she  caused  an   01i\-e  tree  to  spring 
out    of   the    ground,  which    being    considered    more  useful    to   man  than 
,;,^    the   horse   her  competitor  brought,  she   had   the   privilege   of  calling  the 
city  Athena,  alter  her  own  name.     This  is  the  Athens  of  our  time. 


A 


PEACE  is  of  the  nature  of  a  conquest; 
For  then  botli  parties  nobly  are  subdued, 


And  neither  party  loses. 

ANGEL  of  Peace,  thou  hast  wandered  too  long; 
•^  Spread  thy  white  wings  to  the  sunshine  of  love, 
Come  while  our  voices  are  blended  in  song, 
FIv  to  our  ark  like  the  storm-beaten  dovu. 


r^OWN  the  dark  future,  through  long  generations. 
The  echoing  sounds  grow  fainter,  and  then  cease ; 
And  like  a  bell  with  solemn,  sweet  vibrations, 
I  hear  once  more  the  \oice  of  Christ  say  Peace, 


TOVELY  concord,  and  most  sacred  peace, 

•L'  Doth  nourish  virtue,  and  fast  friendship  breeds; 

Weak  she  makes  strong,  and  strong  things  does 


|E.\CE  o'er  the 
And   white-robi 


rid 


Till  it  the  pitch  of  highest  praise  exceeds. 

-Spenser. 
wand  extend, 
ir  his  ravage  end. 

Peace!   and  no  longer  from  its  brazen  portals 
The  blast  of  war's  great  organ  shakes  the  skies ! 

But  beautiful  as  songs  of  the  immortals. 
The  holy  melodies  of  love  arise.    —Longfellor: 

ler  olive  wand  extend, 
once  from  hea\cn  descend. 

—Pofe. 


-^m, 

1 


©rEtigc* 


(flitrUS   auvantium.      Natckal  Order:  Aiiranticca:—Ora)igc  Family. 


HIS   tree  is  of  the  same  famih-  as  the  citron,  the  lime,  and 
the    lemon.      It    is    an    evergreen   of  middle    size,   and  when 
covered   with    its    bright,    golden    fruit,   is    one   of  the    most 
attractive    sights    in    nature.      The    pulp    of  the    Orange    is 
divided  into  sections  of  as  great  regularity  as  is  that  of  the 
lemon,   the   outer    covering  of  each    being   dry  and   of  con- 
siderable   strength,    while    w'ithin    are    little   sacs   of  irregular    length 
hlled  with   a   cooling,  delightful   and    refreshing  juice,  that  renders    it 
jiopular    with    all.      The    flowers    are    of   a    creamy    white.      It    is    a 
n  itive  of  tropical    climates,  yet  can   be   grown  in  a  good  greenhouse 
w  ith  ease,  requiring  little  attention.      In  the  West  Indies,  where  it  is 
!  itiv^e,  as  well  as  in  Florida,  Louisiana  and  California,  it  is  cultivated 
m  orchards  for  exportation,  and  yields  fruit  plentifully.     Seedling  trees 
lequire  budding  or  grafting  to  make  them  bear  in  the  greenhouse. 


as 


lil,. 


■pENEATH   the  cares  of  earth  she  does  not  bow, 
•'-^   Though  she  hath  ofttimes  drained  its  bitter  cup! 
But  ever  wanders  on  with  heavenward  brow, 
And  eyes  whose  lovely  orbs  are  lifted  up! 

— Amelia  B.  Welby. 


QO  dear  to  heaven  is  saintly  chastity, 
^  That  when  a  soul  is  foutid   sincerely  so, 
A  thousand  liveried  angels  lackey  her, 
Driving  far  off  each  thing  of  sin  and  guilt. 

—Milton. 
pHA.STE  as  the  icicle 
'-'  That  -s  curded  by   the  frost 
And  hangs  on  Dian's  temple. 


OWEET  beauty  sleeps  upon  thy   brow, 

^  And  floats  before  my  eyes; 

As  meek  and  pure  as  doves  art  thou. 

Or  being  of  the  skies. 

— Robert  Morris. 


-Shakespea 


T 


IE  summer's  flower  is 

to  the  summer 

Thou-h   to  itself  it  onl 

■   live  and  die; 

if  tluit  flower  with  has 

■  infection  mee 

The  basest  weed  outbraves  his  dignity; 
For  sweetest  things  turn  sourest  by  their  deeds; 
Lilies  that  fester,  smell  far  worse  than  weeds. 

—Shnl-espeare. 


^1 


!i 


(Orcl)is   SfJCCtabilis.      Natural  Order:   Orchidacca:  —  Orchis  Faiiiily. 


W  li.ue  many  varieties  of  this  plant  growing  throughout  the 
\\l  nititl  States,  on  our  prairies  or  in  shady,  rocky  places. 
%\  -  rill.  \  usually  produce  very  handsome  and  various  colored 
//  ilowei^.  The  most  beautiful,  however,  are  the  Tropical 
f^^Un-iuds,  lound  in  the  South  Sea  Islands,  growing  on  branches 
of  tiees  and  other  substances,  and  depending  so  much  on  the 
an  toi  their  sustenance,  and  so  little  on  root  nourishment,  that  they  are 
called  air  plants.  They  are  more  gorgeous  in  bloom  than  anj'  terrestrial 
plant.  In  England  there  are  extensive  houses  for  their  culture  alone,  and 
'  we  believe  some  few  in  this  country.  They  are  mostly  grown  in  small 
cork  boxes,  or  on  pieces  of  wood,  in  a  warm,  moist  atmosphere.  Some 
few  grow  in  rooms  successfullv,  but  no  water  must  touch  the  foliage 
or   flowers,  only  enough  to  moisten    the  substance   containing   the    roots. 


YET  graceful  ease,  and  sweetness  void  of  pride, 
Miglit  hide  her  faults,  if  belles  had  faults  to  hide 
If  to  her  share  some  female  errors  fall. 
Look  on  her  face,  and  vou  'U  forget  'em  all. 


\   ROSEBUD  in  its  first  green  coat, 
*■  Yon  wrapped  your  shawl  about  saw  tliroat, 
And  crossed  the  lawn,  when  we  went  boating; 
I  touched  the  fragrance  of  your  hand ; 
The  fog  came  down  and  hid  the  land, 
As  white  as  snow,  and  we  were  floating. 

—  Will  \V,iUare  Hanin: 


belle, 


Safelv 


OECAUSE  thou  wcar'st, 

A  strcjng,  pure,  silent  spell, 
from  all  dark  ways  my  feet  retrieving; 
Because  thou  werl  to  me 
As  lulled  air  to  wild   sc.i,  [ins 

Storm-furro«-ed,  fiercely  free,  and  strongly  griev 
— Edffar  Faiucett. 


r; 


her  cheeks  the  vermil  red  did  shew. 
Like  roses  in  a  bed  of  lilies  shed; 
The  which  ambrosial  odors  from  them  thr 
And  gazer's  sense  with  double  pleasure 


OHI 


IE  was  a  form  of  life  and  light. 
That,  seen,  became  a  part  of  sight; 
.\nd  rose,  where'er  I  turned  mine  eye. 
The  morning  star  of  memory. 


1? 


I 


^^ 


SaltV  uiiniltalis.      Natural  Order:  Sa/icacav — Willo-,v  Family. 


\RII  TIES    of  the   Willow   are   very  numerous,   all   of  them 

(kli^hting   in  soil   in  which  there  is   an  abundance  of  moist- 

uu      md   are   consequently  oltener  found   along   the    margins 

1    btiLims,  or  in    low-lying,  wet   meadows,  than   in   any  other 

ilit\      This  species   does  not  develope   into  a   tree,  the  stems 

"V    t*       ii'^iiij   Mngh    to  the   height  of  ten  or  twelve   feet;    they  are  very 

^^  pli  ible,  ind   w  ell  adapted  to  the  industry  to  which  they  are  applied. 

^ifhijrst  ^  mimnlis  signifies  twigs  or  branches  adapted  to  plaiting.     One  of  the 

"     sc\  en  Rom  m  hills  on  which  Jupiter  was  worshiped  was  called  \'imi- 

'mlis  Colli'5    iiom  the  Willow-copse  which  once  stood  there. 


l[ritiikn 


t$$» 


'TTHE  brave  do  never  shun  the  light; 

Just  are  their  thoughts,  and  open  are  their  tempers; 
Truly  without  disguise  they  love  or  hate; 
Still  are  they  found  in  the  fair  face  of  day, 
And  heav'n  and  men  are  judges  of  their  actions. 


T' 


*HY  words  had  such  a  melting  flow, 
And  spoke  of  truth  so  sweetly  well, 
They  dropp'd  like  heav'n's  serenest  snow, 
And  all  was  brightness  where  they  fell! 

'-Moore 


W" 


ATE'ER  the  emotions  of  her  heart 


Stranger  to  every  female  art. 
Alike  to  feign  or  to  disguise. 


TTE'LL  suit  his  bearing  to  tlie  hour. 

Laugh,  listen,  learn  or  teach, 
With  joyous  freedom  in  his  mirth, 
And  candor  in  his  speech. 


A    STALWART  form,  a  manly  port, 
-^  ^   A  fearless  brow,  an  eye  of  truth, 

A  step  as  free  as  that  of  youth, 
A  presence  fit  for  camp  or  court; 


—£/;>«  Cook. 

A  knee  a  cliild  would  love  to  clnnb; 
A  face  a  woman  needs  must  trust. 
Quite  free  from  guile  and  clean  from  lust, 

Nor  marred,  though  nobly  marked  by  time. 


-KaU- 


Hi.'/. 


r 


©aiimntla   icgalis.      Xatural  Order:  Filices  —  Fcrn  Family. 


* 


fW 


K^^^f^\  ^^N  England  this  fern  is  called  Ro3'al  Osmunda,  as  its  Latin 
^'#  Ji*&'.'>i^^  name  signifies,  and  is  given  a  place  in  the  ferneries  of  the 
^j-^  "^l  :9:[^most  fastidious  amateur.  In  America  it  is  found  in  damp 
^ll'^'^loj  ■^'4-  meadows  and  swampy  lands,  sending  up  its  fronds  sometimes 
*^^  three 


and    four    feet    high,  but    in    less    damp    and    congenial 
•^^4t  "  *  *    ^^  places    it   diminishes   its    height   nearly   one    half      There    is 
k  ^^    ''^  '"-"-'}    anything   more   graceful   than  the  Fern,  of  whatever   species, 
^/'^.^   from    the  common   brake  in   the  woods,  or   fence  corners,  to  the  most 
•^^   delicate  tropical  one  cherished  in  hothouse  or  greenhouse.     No  glaring 
:olor  to  strike  the  eye,  nothing  but  its  own  simple  and  elegant  outline, 
^i^  and  tliat  e\'er-satisfying,  restful  and  never-tiring  tint  of  nature,  the  pre- 
dominating green. 

IITHY,  when  the  bahn  of  sleep  descends  on  man, 

Do  gay  delusions,  wand'ring  o'er  the  brain, 
Soothe  the  delighted  soul  with  empty  bliss? 


TTTELL  may  dreams  present  us  fictions. 
Since  our  waking  moments  teem 


-Dr.  Jo/,„so„. 

HEN  sleep's  calm  wing 

s  on  m^ 

brow 

And  dreams  of  peace  m\ 

spirit  1 

ull, 

With  such  fanciful  convictions 
As  make  life  itself  a  dream. 


Before  me  like  a  misty  star 

That  form  floats  dim  and  beautiful. 
— Campbell.  G  D  Pi 

INNOCENT  dreams  be  thine!  thy  heart  sends  up 

Its  thoughts  of  purity,  like  pearly  bells, 
Rising  in  crystal  fountains.     Would  I  were 
A  sound,  that  I  might  steal  upon  thy  dreams. 
And,  like  the  breathing  of  my  flute,  distil 
Sweetly  upon  thy  senses. 
T^RE.\MS  are  the  children  of  an  idle  brain. 

Begot  of  nothing  but  vain  fantasy, 
Which  is  as  thin  of  substance  as  the  air, 
And  more  inconstant  than  the  wind. 

— S/itjlcespcare. 

339 


A" 


LAS 


-Willix. 
that  dreams 


dreams 


That  fancy  cannot  give 
A  lasting  beauty  to  those  forms. 
Which  scarce  a  moment  live! 

—Rufiis  Dawes. 


f 


®JfEHs< 


1 


©talis   floiibuil^a.      Natural  Order:   OxaUdacca; —  Oxalis  Family. 


I  MOST  everyone  is  familiar  with  our  native  Oxalises,  under 

lliL  name  of  Wood   Sorrel,  that  children  are  fond  of  plucking 

lot   itb  pleasant  acid  juice,  which,  when  extracted  and  concen- 

ti  ited,  IS  highly  poisonous.      The  name  denotes  in  Greek  sour 

^  salt,  which  is  sufficiently  appropriate.      The   foreign   species 

eome   from  Chili,  Cape  of  Good   Hope,  Europe,  and  Africa, 

cultnated   for  their  bloom.      The   root    is  bulbous,  and  should 

Ik   potted  in  the  fall  for  winter  bloom.      Those  that  have  merely  fleshy 

^^  loots  bloom  in   summer,  and  should    always    rtynain   in   the   soil.      The 

t^  bulbous  \  ai  let}    should  be  kept  in  dry  sand  during  the  summer.     The 

oxalic   acid  ot    commerce  is   prepared    from    saccharine    and    farinaceous 

substances  through   the  action  of  nitric  acid,  and   is  used   for  removing 

spots  of  iron  rust  and  ink  stains  from  linen  or  other  articles. 


JitrEnlnl  J^ffrrlion. 


TDUT  does  not  nature  for  the  child  prepare 

The  parent's  love,  the  tender  nurse's  care, 
Who,  for  their  own  forgetful,  seek  his  good? 


/^H!  mother's  love  is  glorifying, 
^   On  the  cheek  like  sunset  lying; 
In  the  eyes  a  moistened  light. 
Softer  tlian  the  moon  at  night! 

—  Thomas  Burbuige. 


—Bhckmnre, 

T^OR  if  there  be  a  human  tear 

From  passion's  dross  refined  and  cle 
'Tis  that  which  pious  parents  shed 
Upon  a  duteous  daughter's  head. 


SOMEHOW  while  lingering  to  watch  you  here. 
Thy  tyrannous  mother-love  makes  me  forget 
11  else  but  that  you  are  divinely  dear! 


OWEET  is  the  image  of  the  brooding  dove! 
^    Holy  as  heaven  a  mother's  tender  love! 
The  love  of  tiiany  prayers,  and  many  tears. 


Which  changes  not  with  dim  declining  years, 
The  only  love  which,  on  this  teeming  earth, 
Asks  no  return  for  passion's  wayward  birth. 
^Mrs,  Noriott. 


230 


jjtronia   offuinalis.      Xaturai.  Order:  Raitiiiici/lacciV  —  Croufoot  Family. 


HE    Pajony  is   supposed    to    have    derived    its    name    from 
Pa^on,  a  disciple  of  ^sculapius,  who  used  it  for  the  healing 
of  Pluto,  thereby  arousing   the   jealous   feelings  of  his   pre- 
ceptor,  so    much   so   indeed    that   he   compassed    his  death. 
Both  the  root  and   leaves   are  used  in  medicine  as  an  anti- 
spasmodic   and    tonic.      The    flowers    are    very    large    and 
y  in  all  the  species.     The  common  variety  is  a  native  of  Switzer- 
land;  the  white,  of  Tartary;   the   Siberian,   as   its  name   indicates,  of 
Siberia.      The    Chinese    Pzeony  is    a    shrub    from    three    to    four    feet 
high,  with  ample  foliage,  and  verj'  large,   brilliant,  fragrant    flowers. 
They  are    mostly  hardy,   except   in    extreme    northern   latitudes,   and 
oduce  various  colored  blossoms. 


%\^VX\. 


HAME  sticks  ever  close  to  the  ribs  of  honoi-, 
Great  men  are  never  found  after  it. 

—MiddMon. 


TTTHEX  knaves  and  fools  combined  o'er  a 
When  justice  halts  and  right  begins  t( 
Even  the  boldest  start  from  public  sneers, 
Afraid  of  shame,  unknown  to  other  fears. 


T' 


>HAT  hol.v  shame, 
What  clear  renowi 
Whose  blush  remains 


vhich  ne'er  forgets 
it  us'd  to  wear; 
i-hen  virtue  sets, 


pONFOUND  me  not 
^  The  blood  that  warn 
To  fill  mv  cheeks  with 


T   CAN  bear  scorpion  stings,  tread  fields  of  fire. 

In  frozen  gulfs  of  cold,  eternal  lie; 
Be  toss'd  aloft  through  tracts  of  endless  void. 
But  cannot  live  in  shame.  —'Joanna  Baillu. 


To  show  her  sunshine  has  been  there. 


\-  trembling  heart, 
les.  -Traf. 

'T'HE  mind  that  broods  o'er  guilty  w 

Is  like  a  scorpion  girt  by  fire; 
In  circle  narrowing  as  it  glows. 
The  flames  around  their  captive  close. 


*OME  seek  to  salve  their  blotted  name 

'  W'ith  others'  blot,  till  all  do  taste  of  shame. 

—Sir  P.  Sidney. 


^ 

^i 


r 


^ 


;2lpiuin   pctrosdinum.      Natural  Order:   UmbcUiferce— Parsley  Family. 


h\ 


•^]     \RSLEY,  a  well   known  herb  from  the  kitchen   garden,  is 

\f\  us(.(l    for    flavoring   food,  chiefly   soups,    and    the    garnishment 

it    nuat   and   game   dishes  when   brought  to  the   table.     It   is 

iLi\     partial    to    rich    soil,    and    agriculturists    say    that    soot 

[..r^-j'^'.^      placed  around   the   plant   is  very  congenial  to  it.     There   are 

--lc/^se\eial  varieties  produced  by  cultivation,  diflering  in  size  and 

^k''  also  in  the  curliness  of  the  leaf,  which  is  of  a  dark  green.     The  seeds 

J  should   be  soaked   in   warm   water  several   hours   before   planting.     All 

Sy>  the  varieties  are  natives  of  Greece  and  the  island  of  Sardinia,  and  are 

.nearly  allied  to  that   great   table   favorite,  celery.     The   name  Apium  is 

by  some  thought  to  be  derixed  from  the  Celtic  apoii,  or  avon,  a  river, 

because  the   plant   delights  in  moist  situations;  according  to  others  the 

?^" Apium  denotes  its  relationship  to  celery,  (botanicall)-,  Apium,   and   this 

<^     from    opis,  a    bee),    while    Petroselinum    is    the    equivalent    to    Parsley, 

denoting    in    Greek,    rock-curl}-,    or    rock-marsh — scliuou,    parsle\',    from    elos,    a 

marsh,  or  clisso,  I  twist. 


FRIENDSHIP  shall  still  thy  evening  feasts  adorn, 
And  blooming  peace  shall  ever  bless  thy  morn. 


■p  LEST  be  those  feasts  with  simple  plenty  crown'd, 
^-^   Where  all  the  ruddy  family  around 
Laugh  at  the  jests  or  pranks  that  never  fail, 
Or  sigh  with  pity  at  some  mournful  tale. 


n^HE  banquet  waits  our  presence,  festal  joy 
Laughs  in  the  mantling  goblet,  and  the  night, 


''is  pity  wine  should  be  sc 
For  tea  and  coffee  leave 


w 


lEN  the  laugh  is  lightest, 

\\'hen  wildest  goes  the  jest, 

len  gleams  the  goblet  brightest, 

And  proudest  heaves  thy  breast. 


nin'd  by  the  taper's 

dazzling 

beam, 

als  departed  day. 

—Brown. 

deleterious. 

us  much  more  serious. 

-Byron. 

And  thou  .art  madly  pledging 

Each  gay  and  jo 

'ial  guest 

— 

A  ghost  shall  glide 

amid  the 

flowers  — 

The  shade  of  Love' 

departed 

hours. 

- 

.I/r.c.   OstTood. 

^^^S 


IpaSSiflora   rcrrulca.      Natural  Order:  Passi/ioracciV—I'as.sioi/  Flo-vcr  Family. 


r  OSTLY    natives   of  the   tropical   portions   of  America,   the 

\\   Passion   Flowers  climb  to  a  great   height  —  frequently  from 

'  ''    .,5«-thirty  to  forty  feet,  the  stem  attaining  the   thickness  of 

or  four  inches  in  diameter.     The  foliage  is  palmate, 

divided  into   five  lobes  in   the    Brazilian   variety,   and 

^  into  three  parts  in  the  North  American  plants.    The  flowers, 

.^     though  transient,  are   large  and   beautiful.     The   petals,  which  are 

;^^    blue     without,     are    lined     with     purple     and     white     within,     and 

k    spread  themselves  out  in  a  flattened  manner,  with  a  row  of  filaments 

K    arranged   around  an    inner  circle,   while  erect    stands    the   supposed 

1^'    resemblance  of  the  cross.     Several  varities  are  native  in  the  United 

'  ~    States.     Among    them   are    found   flowers  of  red,    purple,    crimson, 

•  and  red  and  white.     Some  of  the  species  are  adapted  to  the  hot- 

4  house,  and  others  to  the  greenhouse  or  conservator}\    All  are  beautiful 

and   attractive.      The   flower  was    named  jlos  passionis  by  the  early  missionaries, 

who   in    their   religious    zeal  imagined    they  saw   emblems  of  the  crucifixion  —  the 

crown  of  thorns,  nails,  hammer,  etc. —  in  the  various  parts  of  the  curious  blossom. 


^ 


fol^  Jotij* 


"11 7E  see  Thy  hanci- 
*^*  We  hear  Thy  \' 
And  then  we  turn  aw 


■it  leads  us,  it  supports  us; 
ice  —  it  counsels  and  it  court 
V,  and  still  thy  kindness 


Forgives  our  blindness, 
'HY   wonders  do  singly  stand, 
Nor  far  removed  where  feet  have  seldom  stray'd 
Around  us  ever  lies  the  enchanted  land, 
marvels  rich  to  Thine  own  sons  displayed. 
-7o,„l  Very. 

\   SINGLE  passion  flower  pressed 

Is  what  my  wistful  eye  engages, 
And  all  the  sign  of  love  once  blest 

Lies  buried  'tween  the  written  p.iges. 


yoitn  Bcnvrin^. 
hundred  voices  I  desire, 
To  tell   thee  what  a  hundred   tongues 
Yet  never  could  be  worthily  exprest: 

deeply  thou  art  seated  in  my  breast. 


POR  this 


[tire, 
vould 


Hov 


But  oh!    the  flower  to  you  and  me 
A  deeper  mystery  unrolls, 

For  written  on  its  leaves  I  see 

The  record  of  two  burning  souls 


l^Jea--B^^yJe-et. 


1 


£atl)nrUS    OllOratUS.       Natlral  Okder:   Lcoi,,iihtoscv  —  Pii/se  Family. 


ATII\RUS  ODORATUS,  or  Sweet  Pea,  is  one  of  the 
Aoiiteb  of  olden  times,  that  has  been  crowded  out  b}-  more 
LLnt  novelties;  but  as  fashions  rotate,  old  things  return  to  us 
>  ntw  ,  so  now  we  hope  these  really-beautiful  flowers  will 
*^^u  ,  <i<r,un  come  to  the  front,  and  press  their  claims  upon  all 
"  "''flower-loving  people.  They  are  most  excellent  for  screens 
01  arbors  (whence  the  botanical  name,  from  the  Greek  lathon,  Ij'ing 
hid),  inan\  of  them  growing  to  the  height  of  six  feet;  and  although  not 
produtmg  as  much  leafage  as  the  morning  glory,  they  fully  make  up 
foi  the  lemissness  by  the  abundance  and  fragrance  of  their  blossoms. 
Thc\  aie  mostU  Irom  tropical  climates,  being  natives  of  Ceylon,  Sicily, 
and  Jiarbar}'.  In  color  they  are  white,  purple,  blue,  nearly  black,  and 
variegated;  and  are  most  easy  of  cultivation. 


J)$p3rlitr^. 


BUT  whv  do 
And  her  ev 
'  Because  I  fear 


tou  go?"  said  the  ladv 


ile  both  sate  under  the  yew; 


;s  were  ahve  in  the 
'ou,"  he  answered; 


depth, 


because  vou 


kraken  beneath 
re  far  too  fair. 


And  able  to  strangle  mj-  soul  in  a  mesh  of  your  gold-colored  ha 

QO,  closing  his  heart,  the  judge  rode  on, 
And  Maud  was  left  in   the  field  alone. 


QING  on!  we  sing  in  the  glorious  weathe 
^  Till  one  steps  over  the  tinv  strand, 
So  narrow,  in  sooth,  that  still  together 

On  either  brink  we  go  hand  in  hand. 
Tlie  beck  grows  wider,  the  hands  must  se\' 

On  either  margin,  our  songs  all  done, 


—  Whittier. 
W'e  move  apart,  while  she  singeth  ever. 

Taking  the  course  of  the  stooping  sun. 
He  prays,  "Come  over"  —  I   may  not  follow; 

I  cry,  "Return!"  but  he  cannot  come; 
We  speak,  we  laugh,  but  with  voices  hollow; 

Our  hands  ai-e  hanging,  our  hearts  are  numb. 


-Jean  Iiigelo-. 


TJERE  are  sweet  peas,  on  tiptoe  for  a  flight  — 

With  wings  of  gentle  flush  o'er  delicate  white. 
And  taper  fingers  catching  at  all  things. 
To  bind   them  all   about  with   tiny  rings. 


^34 


Jersica   milgaris.      Natural  Order:  Rosacac — 7io.fr  Family. 


ATIVE  to  Persia,  the  Peach  is  one  of  the  most  delightful  of 
tiuit  trees.     The  different  named  varieties,  numbering   nearly 
two  hundred,  have  been  mostly  produced  b}-  a  process  called 
li\bridizing,    to    which    nurserymen    pa}^    assiduous    attention. 
i^'S--^  *-  The  flowers   most  frequently  seen  are  a  beautiful  rose  tint. 
^     ^o^"  There  are  those,  however,  that  are   pure  white,  and  also  a 
double  \  ai  iety.     In  size  they  are  a  little  larger  than  the  blossom  of 
the  chem.     The   fruit  is  among  the   most  delicious  bestowed   upon 
man,  and  its  medicinal  properties  are  considered  healthful,  nutritious, 
^jV)  and  Loohng  to  the  system.    The  bark  of  the  tree,  the  blossoms,  and  the 
skins    of  the    seeds,  are    poisonous,  being   highly   impregnated    with 
prussic  acid,  which  is  distinguishable  even  in  the  odor  of  the  flowers. 
In  Great  Britain  the  Peach  is  usually  cultivated  and  trained  against 
a   south  wall,  in   order  to   have   the    fruit   ripen   rapidly,  the   seasons 
being  too  inclement    for  it   to  be  grown    in    large   orchards,  as   it   is 
■found  in  the  United  States,  where  its  cultivation  forms  a  considerable  industr\-. 


TDUT  an  imprison'd  mind,  though  living,  dies 
^-^    And  at  one  time  feels  two  captivities: 
A  narrow  dungeon  which  her  body  holds, 


But 


body 


'T^HEY  chain'd  us  each  to  a  marble  stone, 

And  we  were  three — yet  each  alone; 
We  could  not  move  a  single  pace, 


herself  enfolds. 

—Dr.  King. 
We  could  not  see  each  other's  face, 
But  with  that  pale  and  livid   light 
That  made  us  strangers  in  our  sight. 


M 


AKE  ha«t. 
Lest  Zeu> 


and  lock  the  fetters 
behold  thee  lagging. 


him. 


I 


QHE   meant  to  weave  me  a 
Of  some  coquettisl)  deceit 
Cleopatra-like,  as  of  old. 


J^fe:- 


To  et 
To  h: 
And 


f 


§^jemtsticm0m 


1 


JpCntstciUCm    CampanulatUS.        Natural  Ordek:   Scrophiilariacea  —  Figivort  Family. 


APIDLY  advancino;  in   favor  since  its  introduction  from  Mexico, 
the    Pentstemon    is    a    handsome   plant,  finding  a  place  in  every 


(^|»gaiden  when  its  beauty  is  once  beheld;  but  it  should  be  win- 
teied  in  a  cool  part  of  the  greenhouse,  or  some  place  free  from 
irost.  It  can  be  raised  from  seed,  and  is  said  to  bloom  the 
iirst  year  if  sown  early  in  the  spring.  The  blossom  is  tubular 
I  \^^  m  sliapL,  hanging  three  or  four  in  a  group,  with  the  mouth  of  the  flower 
l^c'l^downwaid.  The  color  differs  in  different  individuals,  being  scarlet,  blue, 
P*s>  and  }ellow,  all  remarkably  handsome  in  whatever  hue  they  sport.  The 
)^^  stalk  is  from  eighteen  to  twenty  inches  or  more  in  height.  They  make 
nae  (.onsei\  atory  or  window  plants,  and  will  please  all  amateurs. 


|igl|-lrch< 


■pOAST  not  these  titles  of  your  ancestors. 

Brave  youths,  they  're  their  possessions  not  you 
When  your  own  virtues  equal'd  have  their  names, 
'Twill  be  fair  to  lean  upon  their  fames. 
For  they  are  strong  sujiporters.  —Ben  Jot 


ACROSS  the  garden  path  she  went, 
■'*■  Herself  the  sweetest  flower  there, 
Though  richest  blooms  of  Orient 

Their  fragrance  mingled  in  the  air. 
Her  swarthy  bondmaids  held  aloft 
A  canopy  of  colors  gay, 

pUT  off  your  giant  titles,  then  I  can 

Stand  in  your  judgments'  blank  and  equ; 
Though  hills  advanced  are  above  the  plain 
They  are  but  higher  earth,  nor  must  disda 
Alliance  with  the  vale;  we  see  a  spade 


Or  brushed  with  tufts  of  plumage  soft 
The  humming  insect  tribe  away. 

For  Sim,  nor  wind,  nor  gauzv  wing. 
Must  venture  on  a  touch  too  free; 

.She  was  the  daughter  of  a  king. 
And  bore  herself  right  royally. 

—Mary  E.  Bradlry. 

Can  level  them,  and  make  a  mount  a  glade; 
Howe'er  we  differ  in  the  herald's  book. 
He  that  mankind's  extraction  shall  look 
In  nature's  rolls,  must  grant  we  all  .igree 
In  our  best  parts,  immortal  pedigree. 


-Dr.  fh-i 


%i^^^ 


=6^ 


§^^riwimliU. 


^ 


OilUa   luajov.      Natural  Order:  Apocyiiacccc — Dogbane  Family. 


;HESE   pretty  little    trailing    plants    are    allied    to    the    stately 
oleander,    and    are    mostly    found    in    the    tropical    or    warm 
climates.      One  of  the  species  has  variegated  foliage,  and  is 
an  admirable  plant  for  covering  the  ground  beneath  hedges 
and  other  high-growing  shrubs,  giving  a  succession  of  bloom 
during  the  whole  summer.      In  cool  latitudes  it  is  grown  in 
pots,  bemg  readily  propagated  by  slips.     The  Vinca  minor  is  an  ever- 
green plant  of  straggling  growth,  the  procumbent  stems  being  several 
feet  in  length,  and  threadlike,  fully  illustrating  its   Latin   name,  which 
comes  from  vincio,  I  bind.      The  Vinca  major  is  more  erect  in  habit. 
It  requires  much  heat  in  winter,  but  does  well  in  summer  in  a  sunny 
l5<  border.      The    Madagascar   Periwinkle   is   a   very  handsome   upright 
Ci'^-X'VI^  species,  suitable  for  indoor  culture,  and  has  leaves  of  polished  green, 
A^^\^  and    pretty  white   or    rose-colored    flowers,  with   a   dark    eye  in  the 
center.      All  the  species  bloom  freely,  and  are  easily  cultivated. 


FRIENDSHIP  our  only  wealth,  our  List  retreat  and  strength, 
Secure  against  ill  fortune  and  the  world.  —Ro-.ue. 


PEW  are  the  hearts  that  have  proved   the  truth 

Of  their  early  affection's  vow; 
And  let  those  few,  the  beloved  of  youth, 

Be  dear  in  absence  now. 

LAV  this  into  your  breas 
'  Old   friends,  like  old  s^ 


O,  vividly  in  their  faithful  breast 

Shall  the  gleam  of  remembrance  play. 

Like  the  lingering  light  of  the  crimson  v 
When  the  sunbeam  hath  passed  awav! 


— Horace  Tv.'iss 


ords,  still  are  trusted  bes 


'T'HAT  heart,  methinks,  [print    VTES,  the  summer  of  life  passes  quickly  away, 

W^ere  of  strange  mold,  which  kept  no  cherish'd  Soon  the  winter  of  age  sheds  its  snow  on  the  heart. 


Of  earlier,  happier  times. 

when  life  x 

•as  fresh, 

And  love  and  innocence 

made  holyd 

'-}lim,ouse. 

But  the  warm  sun  of  friendship  that  gilded  youth's  day 
Shall  still  thro'  the  dark  clouds  a  soft  ray  impart. 


237 


niiospm'OS   Dirijiiuana.      Natural  Order:  Ebcnacac  —  Ebony  Family. 


"Wj    CRSIMMON  trees  are  found  in  the  United  States,  attaining 
/    \A    ,   larger  growtli   in   the   south   than   in   the   north,  where   they 
Jdom    become   more  than   a   large   shrub.      The   flowers   are 
1|    inconspicuous,    and    are    succeeded    by   a    plum-shaped,    pulpy 
\  ^   ti  uit,  of  a  reddish-orange  hue,  containing  several  hard-shelled 
0^^  seeds.      Persimmons   are   only  ripened   by  the   action  of  the 
'^^^^.''''fi ost,  after  which  they  become  palatable  and  nutritious.     In  the  South- 
i^f^ern  States  they  are  used  in  various  ways,  but  in  the  Middle  States  they 
Xirt'^  are  seldom  found   plentifully  enough  to  be  used  in  any  way  except  to 
^^^Peat  in  their  original  state.     They  are  allied  to  the  date  plum,  a  foreign 
variety.     The   bark   is  used   to   allay  fevers,   and   it   also  possesses  tonic 
^^^  and  astringent  properties.     The  species  are  numerous  in  the  tropics. 


%m\  \^\)xxi%  Paaulijs* 


'  of  Natui 
rigredient 


s  works 
the  compound  man, 


Infused  at  the  creation  of  the  kind. 


-Cmt.te, 


TTOW  blest  the  man  who  in  these  peaceful  plains 

Plows  his  paternal  field ;   far  from  the  noise, 
The  care  and  bustle  of  a  busy  world! 
All  in  the  sacred,  sweet,  sequester'd  vale 


Of  solitude,  the  secret  primrose  path 
Of  rural   life,  he  dwells;   and  with  him  dwell 
Peace  and  content,  twins  of  the  sylvan  shade. 
And  all  the  graces  of  the  golden  age. 


■Michael  Bn 


'T'HE  green  earth  sends  its  incense 
From  every  mountain  shrine  — 

From  every  flower  and  dewy  cup 
That  greeteth  the  sunshine. 

—  Whiltier. 


JF. 


thou 


worn  and  hard  beset 
ith  sorrows  that  thou  wouldst  forget. 
If  thou  wouldst  read  a  lesson  that  will  ke 


O  nature! 


Thy  heart  from  fainting,  and  thy  soul  from  sleep. 
Go  to  the  woods  and  hills!  —  no  tears 
Dim  the  sweet  look  that  Nature  wears. 

— Longfellow. 
;rv  charm  serene. 


f 


n%u< 


jji'tuiua   aiilClltca.      Natural  Order:  Solanacac  —  Nightshade  Family. 


1  L()\GIMG  to  the  same  order  of  plants  as  the  tobacco,  the 
I'ttunia  IS  a  nati\e  of  South  America,  and  derives  its  name 
ti  im  piliiii,  a  name  for  tobacco  among  the  aborigines  of 
qu  u  ter.  Of  late  years  tbreign  florists  have  taken  infinite 
s  to  improve  it  b}'  hybridizing,  and  have  succeeded  in 
])i(Klucino  some  that  are  most  exquisite  in  color,  being  plain, 
blotched,  or  striped,  and  nearly  as  double  as  a  rose.  This  has 
onh  been  accomplished  after  numerous  discouragements.  As  the  double 
"K  ^'^^''^  rarely  produce  seeds,  and  should  they  do  so  would  seldom  ^•ield 
double  flowers  in  return,  the  mode  of  procedure  has  been  to  take  the 
jioiicn  oi  iiie  double  flower  and  apply  it  to  the  stigma  of  the  nex'er- 
l.liliIl^  siiij^le  flow(.T,  ha\ing  prexiouslv  removed  the  pollen  of  the  latter, 
riie  plants  must  then  be  grown  and  allowed  to  ripen  under  cover,  to  be  sure 
that  no  bee  or  truant  insect,  searching  for  hidden  sweets,  shall  shake  ofl"  from  its 
tiny  legs  any  of  the  pollen  that  may  have  adhered  while  wantoning  over  single 
blossoms. 


\tt^  'Xniit  promises. 

IV /I  Y  deeds  and  speeches,  sir, 

Are  lines  drawn   from   one  center;    what   I 


'T'HE  man  that  is  not  in  the  enemies"  pow'r 

Nor  fetter'd  by  misfortune,  and  breaks  pron- 

Degrades  himself;   he  never  can  pretend 

To  honor  more. 

—  Sir  Robert  Slnphi 


pvIVINEST  creature!  bright  Astrea's  daughter! 
"-^^  How  shall  I  honor  thee  for  this  success.' 
Thy  promises  are  like  Adonis's  gardens, 

itful  were  the  next 

—  Sliakespfare. 


That  one  day  bloom 'd,  and 


JET  not  thy   tongue   too  often  bind  th; 

To  render  deeds  unto  thv  foe  or  IV 

For  words  once  utter'd  thou  must  erst 

Lest  sweetest  friendship  have  inglor 


will, 
.■nd, 
fulfill, 


For  hearts  once  lighten'd  by  a  promise  giv'n. 

May  sink  too  low  for  rescue  shouldst  thou  fail. 

As  ships  reach  not  the  port  for  which  they've  striv'n 
Except  a  favoring  wind  their  sails  prevail. 

-C.  //.  T. 


i} 


''§hi%Bt^0l\%B. 


1 


41 


{3l)aSC0luS   multttlorus.      Natural  Order:  LeguminoscE — Pulse  Family. 


\  E  of  the  plants  that  have  been  utilized  by  man  for  food,  the 
rhciseolus,  is  familiar  to  all  under  the  name  of  Bean.  Some 
t  w  are  indigenous  to  the  soil,  but  most  of  those  grown,  either 
t  )i  food  or  ornament,  are  from  foreign  lands.  The  Phaseolus 
\  ulgaris,  that  is  so  much  grown  for  its  edible  pods,  is  from 
the  East  Indies,  as  are  also  the  short  Bush  and  Lima  Beans, 
:  of  which  produce  white  flowers.  The  Phaseolus  multiflorus, 
"i  or  Scarlet  Runner,  is  an  annual  from  South  America.  The  blossoms 
ai  e  a  bi  ilhant  .scarlet,  in  which  there  is  a  slight  dash  of  orange.  There 
IS  also  a  variety  with  white  and  lilac  flowers.  The  Hyacinth  Bean  is 
another  handsome  bloomer,  and,  with  the  two  previously  mentioned,  is 
cultivated  as  an  ornamental  climber  for  screens,  trellises  and  arbors. 


all  thi 


i 


ippflrlunil^* 


'T'HE  means  that  heaven  yields  must  be  embraced, 

And  not  neglected;  else,  if  hea\en  would. 
And  we  will  not,  heaven's  offer  we  refuse, 
The  proffer'd  means  of  succor  and  redress,      —shakespa 


T    FIND  m_v  zenith  doth  depend  upon 

A  most  suspicious  star;  whose  influence 
If  now  I  court  not,  but  omit,  m.y  fortunes 
Will  ever  after  droop.  —simhespear. 


w 


T 


HE  golden  opportunity 
Is  never  ofter'd  twice; 


When  fortune 


LSS  not  occasion;  by  the  forelock  take 
That  subtle  power,  the  never-halting  time. 
Lest  a  mere  moment's  putting  ofT  should  make 
Mischance  almost  as  heavy  as  a  crime. 

—  Wordszvorlh. 

;  then  the  hour 
points  the  way. 


'T>HE  old  Scythians  [wings, 

Painted  blind  Fortune's  powerful  hands  with 


To  show  her  gifts  come 
Which,  if  her  fav'rile  be 
He  loses  them  forever. 


ift  and  suddenly, 
it  swift  to  take, 

—  Chafit 


rvCCASION,  set  on  wing,  flies  fast  away, 
^  Whose  back  once  turned,  no  holdfast  can  we  find ; 
Her  feet  are  swift,  bald  is  her  head  behind; 
Whoso  hath  hold,  and  after  lets  her  go. 
Docs  lose  the  lot  which  fortune  did  bestow. 
— Mirror  Jor  Afo^isi 
240 


^ ^^ 


pijlof   SUbulata.      Natural  Order:    Polcmoniacctt — Polc»io>iiiim  Family. 


^|T  is  said   that    Drummond,  an  eminent  botanist  and  collector 
^^^      l^      X'^     of  flowers,  on  seeing  some  of  the  above  in  blossom,  smiling 
jj^^_  .''^W*   ;ij^^^ among  the  barren  pine-lands  in  New  Jersey,  exclaimed,  "the 
f;i^'^|n|     ■^'•^     beauty  of  that  alone  is  worth  coming  to  America  to  see:   it 
^^     is  so  splendid!"  and  truly  they  are   beautiful.      The  Phlox  is 


^  ^o»>''^^^^'^'%^  found    on    rockv   hills,    from    New    Jersey  west    to    Kentucky 
'^  -^t^        and    south    to    Georgia,    usually  growing   in    clusters,    and   blooming    in 


¥^^ 
T<^ 


May.  The  flower  is  either  pink  or  white,  with  a  dark  spot  in  the 
'A'^^  center.  The  most  handsome  garden  Phloxes  are  those  called  Phlox 
^_^  Drummondii,  named  after  the  above  botanist,  and  probably  derived 
a*»,-^  from  our  native  variet}'.  The  blossoms,  arraying  themselves  in  almost 
^^^'every  concievable  tint  of  the  various  colors,  are  charming  to  the  eye. 
(^^The  Greek  word  p/ilox  denotes  flame. 


J  in  sickness,  and  i 
nstant,  when  our  1( 

r\H:  we  will  walk  this  world,  'yHE 

"   Yok'd  in  all  exercise  of  noble  aim.  ^     In 


HOr  wast  mv  nurse  in  sickness,  and  my  comforter  in  health, 
So  gentle  and  so  constant,  when  our  love  was  all  our  wealth. 


—Albert  Pi/te. 

'HERE  are  two  hearts  whose  nio\ements  thrill 
unison  so  closely  sweet. 
And  so  through  those  dark  gates  across   the  wild       That  pulse  to  pulse,  responsive  still. 
That  no  man  knows.  Thev  both  must  heave  —  or  cease  to  beat. 


APTl'ROrS  moment  of  full-fruited  gleaning! 
Rapturous  blending  of  spirit  with  kin! 

e  in  the  heavens  but  knoweth  the  meaning 
Of  tenderest  mystery  hidden  within 
This  meeting  of  waters,  this  harvested  sheen. 

—Mary  B.  Dodge. 


TTOW  gladly,  then,  the  days  would  glide.  What  peace  our  sheltered  lives  would  hold. 

How  faultlessly  the  nights  would  follow.  What  rest  our  placid  hearts  discover. 


With  cadences  of  manv  a  tide  While  wind,  and  bird,  and  sea-wave  told 


In  many  a  cavern  cool  and  hollow  1  The  joys  of  lover  and  of  lover! 

— Edgar  Fav'Cett. 


^fe- 


^ittt^tvuth 


^IHUIilllis   a-llU'llsis.      Natural  Okder:  Primiilacea:  —  Primrose  Family. 


INAGALLIS  rs  found  growing  in  an  uncultivated  state  in 
many  places  in  Europe,  so  plentiful  as  to  be  classed  as  a 
w  eed  The  flowers  of  this  variety,  which  are  scarlet,  with  a 
juiiple  circle  at  the  eye,  open  at  eight  o'clock  and  close  at 
1  noon,  or  at  the  approach  of  rain,  thereby  giving  it  the 
familiar  cognomen  of  "poor  man's  weather  glass."  It  pos- 
ss<_^  aLiid  properties  useful  in  medicine  —  drops}-,  epilepsy  and  mania 
^  mg  the  ailments  for  which  the  remed}'  is  used.  Its  Latin  appellative 
demed  horn  the  Greek  word  anagelao,  to  laugh  aloud.  It  is  sup- 
used  to  be  identical  with  the  Samolus  mentioned  by  Pliny,  who  says 
L-  ancient  Druids  gathered  it  fasting,  and  with  the  left  hand,  carefully 
S??  refraining  from  casting  their  eyes  upon  it,  and  ascribing  to  it  magical 
properties  in  the  cure  and  prevention  of  diseases  in  their  cattle.  It  is  a 
pretty  plant  of  a  trailing  habit,  with  beautiful  flowers  in  the  cultivated  species, 
whose  tints  are  blue,  white,  red,  vermilion,  and  maroon.  Its  geographical  dis- 
tribution extends  over  various  portions  of  the  world. 


•<!)• 


T 


HE  broadest  mirtli  un 

feeling  Ibllv  wears, 

Less  pleasing  tar  th: 

n   virtue's  verv  tear 

-Pofe. 

w 


HERE  is  tlic  man  that  has  not  tried 
How  mirth  can  into  folly  glide, 
folly   into  sin?  -Sir  W.  Seott. 


W 


'HERE  is  our  usual  manager  of  mirth? 
What  revels  are  in  hand?     Is  there  no  | 
To  ease  the  anguish  of  a  torturing  hour? 


i 


^-t^rt^— 


ITTHILE   her  laugh,  full  of  life,  without  any  control 

But  the  sweet  one  of  gracefulness,  rung  from  her  soul. 
And  where  it  most  sparkled,  no  glance  could  discover, 
In  lip,  cheek,  or  eyes,  for  she  brightened  all  over, 
Like  any  fair  lake  that  the  breeze  is  upon. 
When  it  breaks  into  dimples,  and  laughs  in  the  sun. 

342 


m 


xnt. 


inUS   stroluiS.      Natural  Order:   Conifcrx — Pine  Family. 


NTERING  so  largely  into  all  of  our  building  enterprises,  as 

■  .  well    as    into   cheap    household    furniture,    the    wood    of  this 

:e    is    easily    recognized,    especially    from    its    softness    and 

lightness.      The    trunk,    which   is   usually  very  straight,    often 

^-:S   attains  the  height  of  two  hundred  feet,  while  about  half  the 

distance  from  the  ground  the  branches  stretch  themselves  like 

S^  great    self-sustaining    arms,  rendering  the   Pine  one  of  the   most  noble 

'"^  trees  of  the  forest.     The  needle-like  foliage  is  clustered  in  small  masses 

on  the  tips  of  the  twigs.     The  tree  is  supposed  to  have  received  its 

name  from  its  leaves,  for  the  Saxon  name  finntrco  signifies  pin-tree, 

as  does  also  the  Danish  fyn-boom,  and  the  Welsh  fin-bren. 


D' 


jlVINE  philosophy!  bv  whose  pure  light 
We  first  distinguish,  then  pursue  the  right, 
Thy  power  the  breast  from  every  error  frees, 
And  weeds  out  all  its  vices  by  degrees. 

—Gifford. 

■|'t7'H.\T  does  philosophy  impart  to  man  She  but  extends  the  scope  of  wild  amaze 

'*     But  undiscovered  wonders?     Let  her  soar  And  admiration.     All   her  lessons  end 

Even  to  her  proudest  heights,  to  where  she  caught     In  wider  views  of  God's  unfathomed  depths. 
The  soul  of  Newton  and  of  Socrates, 

Blest  are  those 
Whose  blood  and   judgment  are  so  well  commingled. 
That  they  are  not  a  pipe  for  fortune's  finger, 
To  sound  what  stop  she  please.       —  shnJiesfeare. 


-Henry  Kirk  WhiU. 


AND  when  I  stretched  beneath  the  pines, 
■^  Where  the  evening  star  so  holy  shines, 
I  laugh  at  the  lore  and  the  pride  of  man. 


1^. 


^&- 


At  the  sophist  schools,  and  the  learned  clan : 
For  what  are  they  all  in  their  high  conceit, 
When  man  in  the  bush  with  God  may  meet.' 
— Emerson. 

PHILOSOPHY  and  Reason!     Oh!  how  vain 

*      Their  lessons  to  the  feelings!     They  but  teach 

To  hide  them  deeper,  and  to  show  a  calm, 

Unrufiled  surface  to  the  idle  gaze.       —Elizabeth  Bogart. 


i 


f 


f  ittltcr  f  Isittt, 


Savraccnia   }JSittai'ilia.      Natural  Order:  Sarraco/iaccce  —  Pitcher  Plant  Family. 


VRRACENIA,  so  named  in  honor  of  Dr.  Sarrasin,  of  Quebec, 
-   found  in  low,  wet  situations  in  warm  latitudes,  and  is  remark- 
I'lc    for    the   peculiar  construction   of  the    leaves,   which    are   not 
',  It.  as  in  most  other  foliage,  but  are  like  hollow  tubes,  tapering 
toward  the  bottom   like  a  vase,  with    a    sort  of  cap  or  lid  for 
V/^  the    top,    the    hollow   being    nearly    always    half  tilled    or    more 
w  ith   water.      There  is  one   species   from  the  East  Indies   that  is  well 
adapted    for   the    greenhouse.      The    leaves  of  this    plant    are    narrow 
and    tapering,   and    the   middle  vein    appears    to   run  on   in   a    sportive 
mood,  extending  itself  like  a  thread  beyond  the  leaf  some  four  or  five 
inches,  and   then  curls  about  and  turns  up  at  the  extremity,  forming  a 
delightful  little  pitcher.      When  grown  in  a  pot,  it  requires  a  great  deal 
Ws   of  moisture,  and  a  layer  of  moss  or  cocoa  fiber  on  the  surface  of  the  soil 
^   to  check  evaporation.      Some  varieties  have  leaves  from  one  to  three  feet 
high.      The  flowers  are  yellow  or  purple. 


|n$Hnth 

TEARN  from  the  birds  what  food  the  thickets  yield; 

Learn  from  the  beasts  the  physic  of  the  field; 
The  art  of  building  from  the  bee  receive; 
Learn  of  the  mole  to  plough,  the  worm  to  weave. 


QAY,  where  full  instinct  is  the  unerring  guide, 
What  hope  or  counsel  can  they  need  beside? 
Reason,  however  able,  cool  at  best. 
Cares  not  for  service,  or  but  serves  when  prest; 


Stays  till  we  call,  and  then  not  often  ne 
But  honest  instinct  comes  a  volunteer; 
Sure  never  to  o'ershoot,  but  just  to  hit; 
While  still   too  wide  or  short  is  human 


TTOW  can  we  justly  different  causes  frame, 
When  the  eftects  entirely  are  the  same.' 
Instinct  and  reason  how  can  we  divide.' 
'Tis  the  fool's  ignorance,  and  the  pedant's  prii 

-44 


m 


r 


§^lmmlj-aj^0. 


piumluillO    (EapCUSlS.      Natural  Order:  Plutnbaginacece  —  Leadviort  Family. 


SV-J^^qki^r' 


K  EADWORT  of  the  Cape,  that  is,  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
jp.^'  is  the  meaning  of  the  botanic  name  of  this  plant.  In  studying 
up  the  biography  of  a  plant,  one  is  frequently  astonished  to 
^"•find  it  of  such  ancient  origin.  This  one  is  recorded  by  Pliny 
"■«!^:v,  i>^  <i  plant  reputed  to  cure  a  disease  of  the  eyes,  and  we 
'"'  '^tind  it  mentioned  in  other  ancient  authors.  The  varieties 
'j-^-,  are  numerous.  Some  of  them  can  be  grown  out  of  doors  until  destroyed 
by  frost,  but  most  of  them  require  some  protection  in  the  nortliern  or 
colder  latitudes.  The  Plumbago  rosea  is  best  adapted  for  hothouse 
culture,  and  produces  a  bountiful  supply  of  red  flowers;  but  for  the 
greenhouse,  the  Plumbago  Capensis  is  to  be  preferred,  with  its  beautiful 
spikes  of  blue  flowers,  blooming  from  midsummer  until  midwinter.  The 
;  other  species  are  natives  of  the  East  Indies,  Peru  and  Chili,  and  all 
have  proved  hardy  in  the  Southern  States.  They  flourish  best  in  their 
soil  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  sea,  or  marshes  formed  by  salt  water. 


A 


MEEK  niount.iin  d.iisv,  with  delicate  crest, 
And  tlie  violet  whose  eve  told  the  heaven  of  her  breast. 


T   LOVED  thee  for  thy  high-born  grace, 
*■    Thy  deep  and  lustrous  eye  — 
For  the  sweet  meaning  of  thy  brow, 
And  for  thv  bearin"  hiffh. 


— Mrs.  Siffoitriiey. 
I  loved  thee  for  thy  stainless  truth, 

Thy  thirst  for  higher  things. 
For  all  that  to  our  common   lot 

A  better  temper  brings.  —Willis. 


VTET  so  much  is  my  poverty  of  spirit, 
So  mighty,  and  so  many  •  my  defects. 
That  I  would  rather  hide  me  from  my  greatness. 
Being  a  bark  to  brook  no  mighty   sea. 


H™ 


LITY,  that  low,  s' 
From  which  all  heaven 


■eet 


S/mhspt-arf. 
TTl-'MILITY  is  eldest-born  of 
Al  And  claims  the  birthright  at  tli 


'  throne  of  heav'n. 
—.Viirpliy. 


^ 


^m. 


'^0%nB^ttm. 


U 


IJoinscttia   pulcl)trruua.      Natural  Order:  Eiiphorbiacca: — Spurge  Family. 


*^^,  :f  OEL  ROBERTS  POINSETT,  United  States  minister  to  Mexico, 
k^discovered,  in  1828,  this  magnificent  plant,  one  that  excites  such 
universal  admiration  when  in  its  holiday  trim.  It  is  commonly 
..grown  among  hothouse  plants,  though  it  will  thrive  in  other  situ- 
l-'^:^-  ations  with  care  and  attention.  It  is  a  hall-shrubby  plant,  much 
inclined  to  a  straggling  growth,  and  requires  pruning  about  the 
-second  spring  month,  when  it  should  be  cut  back  to  within  about 
two  inches  of  the  wood  of  the  previous  year.  This  causes  the 
IP  plant  to  send  out  side  branches,  which  must  be  preserved  with  care 
lest  the  ends  of  the  twigs  be  broken.  In  midwinter  the  scarlet 
bracts  or  leaves  which  surround  the  flowers  begin  to  appear, 
crowning  the  tip  of  each  shoot  as  it  were  with  fire,  when  it  is  the 
most  brilliant,  most  magnificent  plant  in  our  collections.  For  deco- 
rative purposes  it  is  much  sought,  and  as  the  demand  nearly  alwaj-s  exceeds  the 
supply,  high  prices  are  paid  without  demur  for  these  floral  tips. 


in 


Htanii|. 


T^HE  gav  and    glorious  creatures!    they  neither  "toil  nor  spin;" 

Yet  lo!  what  goodly  raiment  they're  all  appareled  in; 
No  tears  are  on  their  beauty,  but  dewy  gems  more  bright 
Than  ever  brow  of  eastern  queen  endiadem'd  with  light. 


r\   ROSE!    O  pearl!    O  child!    O  things  of  light! 
^-'    O  maiden's  eye  that  melts  with  beams  of  love ! 

O  stars  that  sparkle  in  the  vault  above! 
O  peerless  moon,  thou  radiant  queen  of  night! 
O  golden  sun,  so  glorious  in  my  sight! 


—Mkx  Bo'.oles. 

How  doth  m^'  soul  leap  forth  to  soul  in  the 
To  that  appealing  mute  divinity 
Which  gives  thee  glory  as  it  gives  thee  niig 
'Tis  what  we  worship,  though  we  know  it   i 


H 


IS  e.irnest 

and 

undazzled 

eve 

he 

keeps     [ 

Fix 

•d   on 

the 

■^un    of  Tr 

ith. 

ar 

d   breatht 

easil 

v  as  e 

aglc 

cleave  th 

e  air; 

s     [words        pvO'  what  he  will,  he  cannot 
eathes   his  Hall'  he  conceives  —  the  s;lo 


■eali 


I 

m 


And  never  pauses  till  the  height 


lorious  vision  flies: 
ere  he  may,  he  cannot  hope  to  find 
.ith,  the  beauty  pictur'd  in  his  mind. 


^0%nt%x^nuft. 


Jpuniia   giauatum.      Natural  Order:  My rtacea:— Myrtle  Family. 


HQl'IRING  the  protection  of  glass  in  the  northern  climate,  the 
I^onu  i^ranate  is  generally  cultivated  in  greenhouses,  while  in  the 
'  south  ot"  Europe  it  is  grown  for  hedges,  being  in  jts  wild  state 
ci  tiioiny  bush.  The  flowers  are  large,  handsome,  and  scarlet 
^  ^  ^  ^  in  color,  both  double  and  single.  Its  fruit  has  a  hard  rind, 
'^  ^"^  numerous  seeds,  a  soft  pulp  of  fine  flavor,  and  is  as  large  as 
an  orange;  while  the  root  j'ields  an  extract  valuable  for  its  medical 
properties.  Columella,  a  writer  on  husbandry  in  a.  d.  42,  makes  mention 
of  it.  Josephus  sa3'S,  in  his  Antiquities  of  the  Jews,  '■  that  the  bells  on 
the  high  priests'  robes  were  the  symbols  of  thunder,  and  the  pome- 
granates, of  lightning." 


Jigl^lntng. 


R 


ED  liglitnings  plav'd  n 
.\nci  their  demolish'd 


FROM  cl< 
Till,  in 


cloud  to  cloud  the  rending 
Till,  in  the  furious  elemental  v 
Dissolv'd,  the  whole  precipitated  11 
Unbroken  floods  and  solid  torrent? 


long  the  firmament, 

works 

to  pieces  N 

—DryJ.-H 

i    A 

low  reeds 

bent  b\ 

the  streamlet's 

ide, 

id  hills  to 

the  thunder  peal 

replied ; 

The  li 

ghtning  bi 

rst  on  i 

s  fearful 

w.iy. 

While 

the  heave 

IS  were 

it  in  its 

red  arra 

V. 

-  Tliom.1t 


-WillU  Gaylord  Clark. 


took:   from   the  turbid  south 
'-'    What  floods  of  flame  in  red  diffusion  burst! 
Frequent  and  furious,  darted  thro'  the  dark. 
And  broken  ridges  of  a  thousand  clouds. 
Piled  hill  on  hill;  and  hark!  the  thunder  rous'd, 
Groans  in   long  roarings  through  the  distant  gloom! 
-Mallei. 


'pHROUGH  the  air 

Mountains  of  clouds, 


irid  summits  roll'd, 
The  lightning  kindling  with  its  vivid  glare 
Their  outlines  as  thev  rose,  heap'd  fold  on  fold. 

—  Epes  Sar^eul. 


qpHE  win 
i    Impend 


linds  grow  high; 

ling  tempests  charge  the  sky; 
The  lightning  flies,  the  thunder  roars. 
And  big  waves  lash  the  frighted  shores. 


^^S 


lOapaiUT   SOinilltcrum.      Natural  Order:  PapavcracetE  — Poppy  Family. 


1 


KOM  this  plant  is  obtained  that  powerful  narcotic,  the  opium 
of  commerce.  It  has  a  milky  juice  that  exudes  from  incisions 
made  on  the  capsules  of  the  plant.  After  it  has  been  col- 
lected, it  is  worked  in  the  sun  until  it  is  firm  enough  to  be 
Vtormed  into  cakes  for  exportation.  Ceres  is  pictured  carrying 
^^  Poppies  in  her  hand,  because,  when  she  lost  her  daughter, 
.Jupiter  gave  her  Poppies  to  eat,  that  she  might  get  sleep  and 
rest,  \\  hich  she  could  not  before,  for  the  intensity  of  her  grief  The 
flowers  are  white,  large  and  double.  The  Oriental  Poppy  from  the 
Le\ant  is  a  beautiful  flower  of  a  rich  scarlet.  The  capsule  is  round, 
with  a  flat  cap  or  covering,  underneath  which  are  small  openings 
through  which  the  seeds  may  be  scattered  as  from  a  pepperbox. 


QLEEP,  sleep!  be  thine  the  sleep  tliat  throws 
^   Elysium  o'er  the  soul's  repose, 
Without  a  dream,  save  such  as  wind. 
Like  midnight  angels,  through  the  mind. 


TTOW  beautiful  is  sleep! 

Yet  if  its  purest  beauties  thoi 
On  the  babe's  slumber  creep, 
And  bid  thy  heart  confess  its 


—Robert  M.  Bird. 
Yet  sleep  is  awful,  too  — 
So  like  to  death's  its  features  it  can  dress; 
Meek  slumberer!  while  I  view 


appeal. 


Thii 


deeply  feel  its  awfulness. 


r\  MAGIC  sleep!  O  comfortable  bird 

^   That  broodest  o'er  the  troubled  sea  of  the 

Till  it  is  hush'd  and  smooth.      O  unconfined 

Restraint!  imprison'd  liberty!  great  key 

To  golden  palaces  —  ay,  all  the  world 

Of 


rj*ROM  a  poppy  I  have  taken 
■*■  Mortal's  balm  and  mortal's 
Juice  that,  creeping  through  the  h 


ncha 
ane; 

itmcnt! 

-KeaU. 

Deadens  itv^ry  sense  of  smart; 
Doomed  to  heal  or  doomed  to  kill. 

hear 

Fraught  with  good,  or  fraught  with  ill 
-Mrs.  Robins 

IpOrtulam   giran^itlora.      Natural  Order:  Portulacacex— Purslane  Family. 


LA  NTS  cultivated  under  this  name  are  mostly  from  South 
Africa,  though  the  varieties  are  greatly  improved,  and  florists 
by  a  course  of  treatment  produced  a  multiplicity  of  colors. 
Ill  their  native  land  they  are  found  in  very  sandy  soils,  and 
■f^^  ihere  are  no  plants  that  stand  drouth  better  than  they,  except, 
'X^. perhaps,  the  cacti.  The  flowers  appear  fresh  every  morning 
|J^''''during  flowering  seasons,  and  the  seeds  when  ripe  are  of  a  silvery 
J  appearance.  The  native  weed  known  under  the  name  of  Purslane  is  an 
^^  American  sister-plant,  entirely  devoid  of  beauty.  The  latter  has  thick, 
fleshy  stems  and  leaves,  and  is  used  as  a  pot-herb,  also  for  pickles, 
salads,  and  garnishing,  and  for  that  reason  is  designated  botanically 
Portulaca  oleracea. 


T^HE  earth  was  made  so  various,  that  the  mind 

Of  desultory  man,  studious  of  change, 
And  pleas'd  with  novelty,  might  be  indulged. 


TirHEREFORE  did  nature  pour  her  bounties  forth 

With  such  a  full  and  unwithdrawing  hand. 
Covering  the  earth  with  colors,  fruits  and  flocks, 
Thronging  the  seas  with  spawn  innumerable  — 
But  all  to  please  and  sate  a  curious  taste. 


poux: 

Coun 


specit 
vhich 


VrOUTH  loves 
^  'Till  the  sou 
Becomes  variety 


—Milton. 
and  lives  on  change 
,1  sighs  for  sameness 
;   and  takes  its  pl.ice. 


TLESS  the  variou 

ntless    the    shades 

from   mind: 

No  general  object  of  desire  is  know 

Each  has  his  will,  and  each  pursues 


of  mankind, 
parate    mind 


his  own. 

—  Gifford. 


"Y  J'ARIETY,  the  source  of  joy  below, 

From  which  still  fresh  revolving  pleasures  flow : 
In  books  and  love  the  mind  one  end  pursues. 
And  only  change  the  expiring  flame  renews. 


pL.W  every-  string  in  love") 
-Set  all  its  music  flowing; 


Be  air,  and  dew.  and 
To  keep  the  soul-fl 


;ht,  and  fire, 
ver  growing. 


V 


AT  each  from  other  diflfers,  first  confess; 
Xe.\t,  that  he  varies  from  himself  no  less. 

-Pope. 


f 


fjcrtentilla. 


11 


Ipotcntilla   fanilOSa.      Natukai.  Order:  Rosacece—Rose  Family. 


!*(>HE  habit  of  this   plant,  being  similar  to  that  of  the  straw- 
/      berry,  renders  it  superior  for  rock  work,  or  the  adornment 
of  hanging-baskets;  and  some  of  the  larger  kinds,  being  free 
bloomers,  make  a  very  nice  appearance  when  placed  in  the 
shrubbery   borders.      The    flowers    are    various    as    well    as 
handsome,   being    rose-colored,   scarlet,   yellow,   and    scarlet 
and    buft'  combined,    continuing    in    bloom    from    five    to   six    months. 
One   of  the    native    species    is    sometimes    called   Cinquefoil,  or    Five- 
finger;  and   the  plant  is  used    medicinally  for  its   astringent  and  tonic 
pioperties,    but    scarcely    merits    its    name    (from    the    Latin    poteiis, 
]">owerful),  as  it   is  rather  a  mild    astringent.      Although   called  hard}' 
ennials,  they  are  the  better  for  some  light  protection  in  winter. 


'pHOU  art  my  daughtci-  — nevei"  loved  a^  now  — 

^     Thou  mountain  maid  — thou  child  of  liberty! 
Urilda!  well  from  Uri's  height  I  named  thee, 
Free  as  its  breezes  —  purer  than  its  snows. 

— Matiiriji. 

O  EASON  masters  every  sense, 


Her  grave  parents'  wise  commands; 

^^   And  her  virtues  grace  her  birth: 

d  so  innocent,  that  ill 

Lovelv  as  all  excellence. 

She  nor  acts,  nor  understands. 

Modest  in   her  most  of  mirth. 

-William  Hahmglov. 

-William  Brou 

SHE  comforts  all  her  mother's  d.ays, 
And  with  her  sweet,  obedient  ways 
She  makes  her  labor  light; 
So  sweet  to  hear,  so  fair  to  see! 
O,  she  is  much  too  good  for  me. 

—  'Jenn  Tn^elozv. 


A' 


ND  a  stranger  when  ht 
In  the  street,  even,  sn 
Just  as  you  would  at 


And  all  voices  that  address  her 
Soften,  sleeken  every  word. 
As  if  speaking  to  a  bird. 

— Afrs,  Brozt<niii£', 


Jriimila   grailMtlora.      Natural  Order:  Primulaccx  — Primrose  Family. 


^NE  of  the   first    floral    pages    in    the   spring  volume   of  nature 

may  be   said   to   be  occupied    by  the   Primroses,   as  they  early 

peep  from  the  ground,  showing  their  blossoms  in  April;  hence 

-,  the  name,  from  the  Latin  primus,  first.      They  are   natives  of 

p;lg  Europe,  and  by  cultivation  have  been  made  double,  and  of  a 

"uA^SD  variety  of  colors,  while  in  their  wild  state  they  are  single  and 

S^^il^^  ^  yellow.      In  greenhouses  the}'  are  made  to  bloom  in  winter,  and  are 

^J'1%£L^  gems    for  window  culture,  also.      They  bloom   abundantly,  and  are  so 

^il'V'^P'^'^^  in  their  tints,  and   so  delicate  in   their  structure,  as  to  make  them 

^•||il,  ^  perfectl}-  charming  to  the  amateur,  as  well  as  to  the  professional  florist. 

"^fV  -  .^_ 


f 


A^- 


I«"l^. 


■y'OUTH   lias  sprightliness  and  fire  to  boast, 
*-    That  in  the  valley  of  decline  are  lost; 
And  virtue  with  peculiar  charms  appears, 
Crowned  with  the  garland  of  life's  blooming  years. 

—  Co-.vper. 

AH!  happy  breasts!  unknown  to  pain,  Nor  dream  of  woe  or  future  guile; 

I  would  not  spoil  your  joys;  For  soon  shall  ye  awaken'd  find 

Nor  vainly  teach  you  to  complain  The  joys  of  life's  sad,  thorny  way, 

Of  life's  delusive  toys.  But  fading  flowerets  of  a  day, 
Be  jocund  still,  still  sport  and  smile.  Cut  down  by  every  wind.        —Bidlalie. 


\^ 


FIVE,  that  thy   voung  and   glowing  breast 

Can  think  of  death  without  a  sigh ; 
And  be  assured  that  life  is  best 
Which  finds  us  least  afraid  to  die. 

—EIha  Cook. 

TITHAT  is  youth.'  A  smiling  sorrc 
^^  Blithe  today,  and  sad  tomorrow 
Never  fixed,  forever  ranging, 

''OUTH  with 


Laughing,  weeping,  d 

lating,  changing, 

Wild,  capricious,  gidd_ 

■,  vain. 

Cloved  with  pleasure, 

nursed  with  pain. 

—Mary  Robinson. 

feet  walks  onward  in  the  w.iy 

es  all  before  his  eves. 

-.!/«.   Butler. 

Y 

-•■     The  land  of  jov  lies  all  belbre  his  eves.  •  , 


^i? 


\! 


k 


CiHUStruni   Uulciarc.      Natural  Order:   Oleacece  —  Olive  Fatiii/y. 


.t 


^^\~X/^^J^  ROLiPb  of  the  common  Privet,  or  Prim,  are  frequently  found 

//?/  y  |^i,j,  |-|j,^jr  the  tields  and   pastures   in   the  New  England  States, 

md   as    far  west  as    New  York.      It   is    a   hard}-   shrub,   from 

si\  to  eight  feet  high,  with  small,  delicate  foliage,  of  a  rather 

sombei    green,   and    strong,  yellow,   matted    or    tangled    roots. 

The   flowers   are  white,  blooming  in  conical   bunches,  similar 

<  «        «,    to  ilie   hlac,  and  are   succeeded  by  a  polished,  black,  bitter  berry,  that 

•^v;^*',-^)' shows    in    strong    contrast    in    winter's    snow.      It    is    well    adapted    for 

^J^i-'V  ^   hedges,  for  which   it   is   usually  propagated  by  cuttings,  although  it  is 

7!  «r'""{~°  sometimes  grown  from  seed.     Noxious  insects  seldom' disturb  or  destroy 

Atf>,^^    the  foliage  of  this  bush,  as  they  do  some  others  that  are  used  for  the 

^^^^same  purpose.      The  wood  is  hard  and  compact,  and  when  large  enough 

can  be  used  in   the  arts,  and   is   sometimes   burned   for  charcoal   for  gunpowder. 

From  the  berries   is  obtained  a  rose  tint   used    for   staining  maps.      The  Privet  is 

a  very  ancient   shrub,  as  in  Virgil  we  find   the  mention  of  Alba  Ligustra,  White 

Privets,    and    in    Columella,    Ligiistnini    niorum,   the    Black    Privet.      There    are 

several  varieties  with   white,  j-ellow  and  green  berries,  some  being  from  China, 

Japan  and  tlie  East  Indies. 

q^HEN  in  the  name  of  God,  and  all  these  rights, 
■'■     Advance  your  standards,  draw   vonr  willing  swords. 

'piGER  with  tiger,  bear  with  bear,  you'll  find  And  forge  that  steel   by  which  a  man  is  slain. 

In  leagues  oftensive  and  defensive  joined;  Which  earth  at  first  for  plowshares  did  aftbrd, 

But  lawless  man  the  anyil  dares  profane.  Nor  yet  the  smith  had  learned  to  form  a  sword. 

—  Tatt. 

TTI-S  sword,  edg'd  %vith  defense  of  right  and  honor, 
*■  ^    Would  pierce  as  deep  as  lightning,  with  that  speed  too; 
And    kill    as   deadly.  —Beamnont  and  FUlcher. 

■pEHOLD!   I   haye  a  weapon;  That  with  this   little  arm  and  this   good  sword 

•'-^  A  better  never  did  itself  sustain  I  have  made  my  way  thro"  more  impediments 

Upon  a  soldier's  thigh:  I  have  seen  the  d,i\.  Than  twenty  times  your  stop.       —Shaliespeare. 


% 


^^ 


\! 


a 


^^4} 


Bpilita   Salitit'olia.      Natural  Order:  Rosacccc  —  Rose  Family. 


VDOW  lands  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  are  fre- 
\  luuith  the  chosen  seats  of  this  small,  slender  shrub,  which 
-o  IS  on  that  account  called  Queen  of  the  Meadow.  It 
//  ^lows  to  a  height  of  three  or  four  feet,  having  a  pur- 
plish sttm,  which  is  very  brittle  in  texture.  The  flowers 
are  commonly  called  white,  but  there  is  a  flush  of  red  o\er 
ihtm,  and  the\  are  remarkable  for  their  fragrance.  The  stamens, 
which  are  those  threadlike  organs  within  the  corolla,  are  very  at- 
tractne  The  loots  are  possessed  of  some  medicinal  value,  having 
ceitain  tonic  pioperties.  It  is  frequenth-  called  Meadow  Sweet,  and 
IS  sometimis  cultivated  as  an  ornamental  shrub,  as  are  also  several 
other  species  of  this  beautiful  genus. 


1 


'ELLING   men 
And  represent 


lut  they  are,  «e  let  them  see, 
them,   what  thev   should  be. 
-AUr 


T 


HE 


0 


love  of  Praise,  howe'er  conceal'd  bv  art 
Reigns,  more  or  less,  and  glows  in  every  heai 
The  proud,  to  gain  it,  toils  on  toils  endure. 
The  modest  shun  it  but  to  make  it  sure. 

pRAISEof  the  wise  and  good!  it  is  a  meed 
For   which   I   would   long  years  of  toil   endure 


.   who  would  e\er  care  to  do  brave  deed. 
Or  strive  in  virtue  others  to  excel, 
none  should  yield  him  his  deserved  meed. 
Due  praise,  that  is  the  spur  of  doing  wel!.^ 


^spen. 


Which 


pe.- 


/"'AST  down  thyself,  and  only  strive  to  raise 
^   The  glory  of  thy  Maker's  sacred  name; 
Use  all  thy  powers  that  bless'd  power  to  praise, 
Which  gives  the  power  to  be  and  use  the  same. 


T    HAV 


ould   cure. 

-Sir  E.  Brydges. 

E  no  taste  of  the  noisy  praise 
iddy  crowds,  as  changeable  as  winds: 
ants  to  change,  and  blowing  with  the  tide 
woln  success,  but  veering  with 


s  ebb. 


'T'HOU  'I.T  say  anon  he  is  some  kin  to  thee. 

Thou  spend'st  such  heydey  wit  in  praising  him. 

—Shatespeare. 
25.? 


^Mttn  M  tkt  '^xmxit. 


V 


Gpiviva   lobata.      Natural  Order:  Rosaccce — Rose  Fatuily. 


IMR^^A,  so  called  probably  because  of  the  spiral  shape  of  the 

pi  (1-cells,  is  a  blossom   from   nature's  wild  bouquet,  and   is   found 

\\  a\  ing  its   head  amid  the  tall   grass  of  the  western  prairies.      It 

\\  as  tbrmerlv  called  the  Siberian  Red  Spiraea,  and  is  remarkable 

I    its   beauty,  growing   frequently  from  six  to  seven   feet  high. 

blooms  freely,  the  flowers  being  a  deep  rose-color.      It  is  a 

sistei    plant   of  the   Meadow  Sweet,  the    Pride   of  the    Meadow,   the 

Goat's-beard,    and    several    other  of  the    Spira?as    that    are    cultivated 

i^,;:^    'for    their    flowers,  which,  in    the    many  varieties,    appear    during    the 

summer. 


T70ND  man!  though  all  the  honors  of  your  line 

Bedeck  your  halls  and  round  your  galleries  shine 
In  proud  display,  yet  take  this  truth  from  me  — 
Virtue  alone  is  true  nobility.  —Gifford. 


'pHE 
A    Ar 


noble  ranks  of  fashion  and  birth 
ire  fetter'd  by  courtly  rule; 
They  dare  not  rend  the  shackles  that  tend 
To  form  the  kna\e  and  fool.       —Eliza  Cook. 


TTOW  poor  are  all  hereditary  honors, 

^  ^  Those  poor  possessions  from  another's  deeds 


Unless 
And  gi- 


r  own  just  virtues  form  our  title 
a  sanction 


V- 


i 


\IXGLORIOUS  man,  when  fluttering 
In  his  light  wings,  is  lifted  up  to  sky ; 
The  scorn  of  knighthood  and  true  chivalry. 
To  think,  without  desert  of  gentle  deed 
And  noble  worth,  to  be  advanced  high. 
Such  praise  is  shame,  but  honor,  virtue's  meed, 
Doth  bear  the  foirest  flower  in  honorable  seed. 

—Spern 

'T'RUE  is  that  whilome  that  good  poet  said. 

That  gentle  mind  by  gentle  deed  is  known 
For  man  by  nothing  is  so  well  bewrav'd 

As  by   his  manners  in  which  plain  is  shown 

Of  what  degi-ee  and  what  race  he  is  grown. 

-Sfemer. 


our  fond  assumption  I 
—Shirley. 
A  does  blow 


w 


HOE'ER  amid'st  the  sons 
Of  reason,  valor,  liberty  and  virtue. 


Displays  distinguish'd  merit,  is  a  noble 
Of  nature's  own  creating.     Such  have  risen. 
.Sprung   from    the   dust;    or   where    had    been 
honories  >  —  Thompst 


m 


r 


(HuilOlUa   wulciaris.      Natural  Order:  Rosucclv — Rose  Family. 


'DONIA   receives   its    name    from    a   town    in    the   island   of 

Ciete,   called   Cydonia,    famous    for   this    species   of  fruit:    and 

Its   English  name  is  supposed  to  be  derived  from  the  French 

(oni.    a    corner,    alluding    to    its    irregular    appearance.      The 

Quince  tree  grows  quite  dwarfish  and  straggling,  the  flowers 

aie  larger  than   the   apple   blossoms,  and  the  fruit  is  as  large 

s  .111  oiange.  irregular  in  shape,  yellow  when  ripe,  and  of  a  delightful 

.igianee    peculiar  to    itself.      The   Japan    Quince,    grown    as    an    orna- 

ll       mental    shrub,    is    much    smaller    in    size,    with    flowers    conspicuous    tor 

^     their  beauty  and    brilliancy,   ranging  through  the   shades    from  white  to 

%Mf^)  scarlet.     The\   are  all  hardy,  and  require  little  attention. 


^Hiirtmcnl. 


'T'EMPTATIONS   and  trials,  without  and  within, 

From  the  pathway  of  virtue  the  spirit  may  lure; 
But  the  soul  shall  grow  strong  in  its  triumphs  o'er  sin, 
And  the  heart  shall  preserve  its  integrity  pure. 


T)EAUTIFUL  apparition  I   go 
'-'  Surely  thou  art  a  goddess,  for  th. 
Is  a  celestial  melody,  and  thy  form 
Self-poised  as  if  it  floated  on  the  air! 


hen 


T 


EMPTATION  hath  a  music  for  all  ears, 


-Loilfffellcn'. 


And  mad  ambition  trumpeteth  to  all ; 
And  the  ungovernable  thought  within 
Will  be  in  every  bosom  eloquent. 


^PHE   wind 


is  like  a  mellow  I 
vs  me  round  the 
is  the  fragrant  lull  of  June 
Becalms  me  for  a  little  whil 
Midmost  their  tuneful  lure  .- 


pOULD'ST  thou  boas 
^   O'er  the  sons  of  wr< 


^^L^s* 


Were  there  -tr 

In  thy  path  of  life 


O  child  of  weakr 
f  wrong  and  strife, 
temptations  planted 


r, 


lou  're  idle. 
II   his  force 
Be  but  watchful 


Mntlricf   Thnmpson 

lOu  're  destroy 
m  you  he  trie 
ind  employ'd, 


f 


^Eggijeil  ^^Irim. 


.1 


Cmiinis   tlciStUCUli.      Natural  Order:    CaryopltyllaccLC— Pink  Family. 


i 


^:/^HIS  species  of  Lychnis  is  a  perennial  herb  from  Europe,  and 
IS  from  one  to  two  feet  high,  with  smooth,  narrow,  tapering 
ka\es.  The  flowers  are  a  beautiful  pink,  with  a  brown 
(..ih\  It  is  sometimes  called,  in  England,  the  Cuckoo 
flowtr  (which  is  but  a  literal  translation  of  the  Latin  fos 
( IK  iili ),  as  it  blooms  about  the  time  of  the  arrival  of  that 
bud  m  caih  summer.  The  Greek  word  lychnis  primarily  denotes  a 
1  imp,  and  is  conjectured  to  have  been  given  to  the  plant  because  the 
down  of  some  varieties  was  used  for  wicks,  or  because  of  the  bright 
I  irlet  01  reddish-purple  flower  of  some  of  the  others.  All  the  varie- 
lus  of  the  L\chnis  have  been  cultivated  from  time  immemorial,  the 
veis  being  red,  white,  pink,  and  purple.  Some  of  the  species 
as  down)    as  the  mullein. 


il. 


W 


u 


NHAPPY 

Atones  nc 


vit,  like  most  mistaken  thmgs. 
for  that  envy  which  it  brings 


'ITII   her  mien  she  enamors  tlie 
With  lier  wit  she  engages  the  11 
With  her  modesty  pleases  the  grave; 
She  is  every  way  pleasing  to  me. 


—Pope. 

atiire  never  gave  to  mortal 


pOR 

•^  A  free  and  arbitrary  power  of 
But  bound  him  to  his  good  behavi 
That  he  should  never  use  it  to  do 


—Shells. 


11  7  ILL  is  the  prince,  and  wit  the  counselor, 
^  '     Which  doth  for  common  good  in  council  sit 
And  when  wit  is  resolved,  will  lends  her  power 
To  execute  what  is  advised  by   wit. 

—Sir  y  Davies. 


H' 


'IS  eye  begets  occasion  for  liis  wit; 

For  every  object  that  the  one  doth  catch. 
The  other  turns  to  a  mirth-loving  jest. 

—Shakespfai 


SENS 
WI 


the  diamond,  weighty,  solid,  sou; 
,'hen  cut  by  wit  it  casts  a  brighter  bear 
Yet,  wit  apart,  it  is  a  diamond   still. 


m 


256 


IRamilUuluS   bulboSUS.      Natural  Order:  Raiiuncnlacccc — Croufoot  Family. 


L  LBOUS    RANUNCULUS,  or  Crowfoot,  is  generally  found 
111   pasture  lands.      The  root  is  fleshy,  and   the  flowers  are  of 
'  a    golden    yellow.      Some  varieties   are  culti\'ated  in   our    gar- 
dens,   among    which    are    the    Asiatic    and    Persian,    sporting 
tin  ough  nearly  every  conceivable  hue.     "  A  good  Ranunculus 
,  ^^.  _,^     J  should   have  a   stem  eight  or  twelve  inches    high,  flower  not 
^7j         •'  '''-"■'^  \hMt  two  inches  in  diameter,  either  of  one  color  or  variously 
duel sified."'      Its   name  is   the   diminutive   form  of  the   Latin   appellation 
■''  raiia,  signifying  a  frog,  from  the  aquatic   habits  of  some  of  the   species. 
It  blooms  in  May  and  June. 


y;'V--'V, 


itjf 


^n^vnix\n^. 


TH 


E  wretch  whom  gi-atitude  one 
To  truth  or  honor  let  him  I.iv 


ALL  sh 


[LL  should  unite  to  pun 
jratitude  is  treason 


ikind. 

—  Thompsi 


jnv  me  thy  greatness  grew; 
But  th\-  ingratitude  outg 


them  both. 

—Drydcu. 


H 


E  that  's  ungrateful  has  no  gui 
All  other  crimes  may  pass  lor 


It  but  one; 
virtues  in  hi 


T  F  there  be  a  crime 
A  or  deeper  dye  thi 
or  human  vices,  'tis 


T    AM  rapt,  and  cannot 

^   Cover  the  monstrous  bulk  or  this  ingratitude 

With  any   size  or  words.  —Slmkcapeare. 


H\; 


that  doth  public  good  for  multitudes. 


nds  lew  are 


DLOW,  blow,  thou  winter 

D    Thou  art  not  so  unkind 

As  man's  ingratitude; 


-Mar.-:lon. 
Thy  tooth  is  not  so  keen. 
Because  thou  art  not  seen. 
Although  thy  breath  be  rude. 

—Shakespeare, 


[NGRATITUDE  is  a 


angled  in  the  birth;  not  to  be  cherish'd. 
—Mass 


^^i 


^h&Aovn. 


UljOLlOra   CCuUrtLtCllsis.      Nailral  Ohder:   Er/cacciC  —  Heath  Family. 


-   to   be   most    Irequently  met  with,  growing  in   moist    places 
mong   the   mountains,  or  in  the  bogs.      It  is  very  handsome 


-If  •nil  i^-T  i.s  in  Canada  and  the  New  England  States  that  the  Rhodora 

W^  *      ,^  ^     ^^  l^t-'n  i'l  bloom,  as  each   branch   bears  on  its   tip  a  cluster  of 
^     ifl  ^'~0l^  stemless  flowers  while  there  is  yet  no  foliage  visible.      After 
the  blossoming  season  is  over,  the  leaves  make  their  appear- 


ance. The  shrub  i 
the  Rhododendron, 
rose. 


from  two  to  three  feet   high,  is  closely  allied   to 
id   derives    its    name   from    its    resemblance  to  the 


E  bloom  of  opening  flowers'  unsullied  beaut_\ 
Softness  and  sweetest  innocence  she  wears, 


And  looks  like 


first  spring. 


TN  Mav 
A    I  four 


vhen 


found  tl 


winds  pierced  our  solitudes, 
1   Rliodora   in  the  woods. 
Spreading  its  leafless  bloom  in  a  damp  nook, 
To  please  the  desert  and  the  sluggish  brook : 
The  purple  petals,  fallen   in  the  pool, 

Made  the  black  waters  with  their  beauty  gav 

Here  might  the  redbird  come  his  plumes  to  cool 

And  court  the  flower  that  cheapens  his  arr.ay 


Rhodora!  if  the  sages  ask  thee  why 
This  charm  is  wasted  on  the  marsh 
Dear,  tell  them,  that  if  eyes  were  made  for  seeing. 
Then  beauty  is  its  own  excuse  for  being. 
Why  thou  wert  there,  O  rival  of  the  rose  I 

I  never  thought  to  ask;  I  never  knew. 
But  in  my  simple  ignorance  suppose  [you. 

The  .selfsame  Power  brought  me  there,  bro't 
-Na/fi/,  Wn. 

r\  MAIDEN!  silent  sitting, 

^     Braiding  still  thy  golden  hair; 

Round  thy  head  the  bees  are  flitting. 

Deeming  thee  a  \\\y  fair.  —g.  Hamlin. 


id  sk\ 


Emerson. 


AH!  thou  wonder  among  women, 
■^   I  am  fretted  to  the   heart. 
Thinking  how  my  words  are  few 

To  depict  thee  as  thou   wert: 
What   I    will,   I   cannot  do! 


T 


—Ho-.-Mird  Glyildon 


HINE  eves' 

cle 

ir   ferxo 

dwel 

Passionate  o 

n   1 

IV    o 

«n 

glad  e 

ves  so  often 

Because 

I   k 

low 

thou  art 

Mv  life's 

di 

iner 

pa 

t. 

other  tendei 

er 

lear 

to 

soothe 

,  to  soften. 

-Edgar  Fnv.cc 

~KJ-^ 


r 


f0cfcj0t. 


(^espnns   matroiwlis.       Natlkal  Okdkr:    Crudfcrcc— Mustard  Family. 


ESPERIS  has  three  species:  one  a  native  of  the  United  States 
and  found  growing  near  Lake  Huron,  another  from  the  cold 
latitude  of  Siberia,  and  a  third  a  maritime  herb  found  on  the 
sea  coast.  The  flowers  are  the  various  shades  of  purple  or 
white.  The  odor  of  the  blossom  is  much  the  strongest 
W^!iS  '    toward  evening;    hence  the  name  Ilapcrls,  being  Greek  for 

~  ^\S?  evening  This  spicy  fragrance  has  been  the  cause  of  its  being  some- 
liV,  times  called  gilliflower  with  which  it  is  closely  allied.  The  double 
g'/xlK^  varieties  are  produced  by  hj-bridizing,  but  yield  no  seeds  themselves, 
^ii®?  fertile  seeds  being  obtained  from  the  single  flower.  The  seeds  should 
be  sown  in  the  early  fall,  and  the  plants  kept  in  a  place  free  from 
frost  tor  spring  blooming.  Choice  specimens  may  be  kept  from  }ear 
to  year  by  pruning  and  clipping  the  flowers  as  soon  as  lhe\'  have  per- 
ished. The  maritime  variety  is  a  smooth,  thick,  juic}',  trailing  plant,  called  Sea- 
Rocket. 


1|:ualr^. 


11 7 AS  not  ont-  of  the  two  at  her  side  — 

This  new-made  lord,  whose  splendor  plu 
The  slavish  hat  from  the  villasjer's  head? 


f\¥  all  the  torments,  all  the  cares, 
^  With  which  our  lives  are  curst; 
Of  all  the  plagues  a  lover  bears, 

Sure,  rivals  are  the  worst! 
By  partners  in  each  other  kind, 

Afflictions  easier  grow; 
In  love  alone  we  hate  to  find 


pangs 


Compan 


of  • 


Svlvia,  for  i 

Are  lab'ring  in  my  breast, 
I  beg  you  would  not  favor  me 

Would  you  but  slight  the  rest! 
How  great  soe'er  your  rigors  are, 

With  them  alone  I'll  cope; 
I  can  endure  my  own  despair 

But  not  another's  hope. 


ViUmtn  U'ti/s/t. 


one  must  be  rejected, 


succeed, 

khose  faithful  breast 


r 

Is  fix'd  my  image,  and  who  loves  me  best.      -Dryihn. 


^ 


■^^M 


li 


lilosa   CglautCVta.      Natural  Order:  Rosaccce — Rose  Family. 


O^ES,  as  well  as  flowers  of  all  other  kinds,  are  very  much  culti- 
\  ated  by  the  flower-loviiiy  people  of  Germany,  of  which  land 
K-C  tliis  Rose  is  a  nati\'e.  The  flowers  are  of  a  brilliant  yellow, 
and  soon  fall,  but  the  green  lea\'es  of  the  bush  are  very  fragrant. 
^  It  is  said  that  the  essential  oil,  attar  or  otto  of  Roses,  was 
first  discovered  by  Nur  Jehan,  better  known  as  Nur  Mahal 
("light  of  the  harem"),  wife  of  Jehanghir,  Moghul  emperor  of  Hin- 
doostan,  1605-27.  She  observed  an  oily  substance  floating  on  a  vessel  of 
Rose-water  that  had  been  distilled  by  the  heat  of  the  sun.  The  attar  is 
very  fragrant,  being  so  concentrated  that  one  drop  will  perfume  a  whole 
dressing-case;  and  so  expensive  that  an  ounce  will  cost  about  one  hun- 
dred dollars,  requiring  nearly  half  a  million  of  average  Roses  for  its 
production. 


'ipHAT  loveliness  ever  in  motion,  which  plays, 
^     Like  the  light  upon  autumn's  soft,  shadowy  days, 
Now  here,  and  now  there,  giving  warmth  as  it  flies. 
From  the  lips  to  the  checks,  from  the  cheek  to  the  eyes 


r\  .SWEET,  pale  face!     O  lovely  eyes  of  : 

^   Clear  as  the  waters  of  a  brook  that  run 

Limpid  and  laughing  in  the  summer  sui 

O  s/oldcn  hair,  that,  like  a  miser's  treasure, 


AH  1   could  you  look  i 

^   And   watch  your   ii 

You  would  own   tlie  -i 

Affection  makes  it  1 


- 

.Voon- 

In   it 

abundance  o 

■crflow 

s  the 

measure! 

0 

graceful    foni 

,  that 

cloudlike  floatc 

W 

itli  the  soft,  I 

ndulat 

ng  g. 

it  of  one 

Who 

movcth  as  if 
y   heart. 

niotioi 

wei- 

a  pleasu 

-LoHgJ. 

lage 
nnv 

here, 
oveliness 

vear. 

-Mrs.   Osffoo, 

ITER   face  right   w 
fl  That  her  broad  b 


ndrous  fair  did 


to  be, 


H' 


ER  dress,  her  shape,  her  matchless  gr.ace, 
beauty's  beam  gi-eat  brightness  threw  *  ^  Were  all  observed,  as  well  as  heav'nly  face 
hade,  that  all  men  might  it  see.         With  such  peerless  majesty  she  stands. 


-Spc. 


-Drydci 


260 


^^l 


g00jeliEJ|. 


l\l)OLlOLl£U^l■OU  luaiimuiu.      Natural  Order:  Er/cacecv — /^ca(//  Farnily. 

■'■*^"-^^!?^ NATIVE  tree  from  ten  to  fifteen  feet  high,  the  Rosebay  is 

,  found  principally  in  the  Middle  States.      The  leaves  are  thick 

Tand  leathery  when  mature,  and  are  about  five  or  six  inches 

in   length.     The   flowers,  which   appear  in  July  and  August, 

^iV-  y^dS  are  rose-color,  frequently  dotted  with  purple  or  yellow,  and 

« ^appear  in  fine  contrast  to  the  evergreen  foliage.     The  whole 

W^ genus   delights   in   shady   woodlands   and   cool   swamps;    indeed,   their 

l'^^  geographical   range   is   almost  wholly  confined  to  such   localities  or  to 

^■'  the  summits  of  the  highest   mountains  of  Europe,  Asia  and  America. 

Some  of  the  foreign  varieties  are  found  in  greenhouses,  and  are  admired 

l^for  their  brilliancy  and  diversity  of  color.      The  yellow  variety  is  from 

Siberia  and  the  Caucasus  mountains,  where  it  grows  in  low  bushes. 


Inlking, 


B 


E  silent  .always  whe 
And  speak,  though 


LP; 


LESS  thou  find  occasion,  hold  thy  tongue 
Thyself  or  others  careless  talk  m.ay  \yrong. 


W 


doubt  your  sense, 

yith  seeming  diffidence. 

—Pope. 

HAT  need  there  is  to  be  reseryed  in  speech,' 
And  temper  all  our  thoughts  with  charity. 


—Sir  J.  Denham. 

IS  air,  his  voice,  his  looks,  .and  hones 
Speak  all  so  moyingly  in  his  behalf, 
I  dare  not  ti-ust  myself  to  hear  him  talk. 


H 


QHE  spake  in  language  whose  strange  melody 
^   Might  not  belong  to  earth.     I  heard,  alone. 
What  made  its  music  more  melodious  be  — 
The  pity  and  the  love  of  every  tone. 

-Shellv. 


Wr 


-Addison. 

tongue  will  tell  the  anger  of  my  heart; 
Or  else  my  heart,  concealing  it,  will  break: 
And,  rather  than  it  shall,  I  vi'iW  be  free, 
Even  to  the  uttermost,  as  I  please,  in  words. 

— Shakespeare. 


AS  I  listened  to  thee, 
^  The  happy  hours  pass'd  by  us  unperceived. 
So  was  mv  soul   fixed  to  the  soft  enchantment. 
-Rov 
261 


1 


■^^^ 


liOSa   DaillOSCCUa.      Natural  Okdek:    RosacecE — Rose  Family. 


AMASCUS,   a   city   one   of  the    most   ancient    and    renowned 

in    Syria,  gives   its   name   to   this   particular  variety  of  Rose, 

%vhich    blooms   monthly,   and,   under   favorable   circumstances, 

at   all   seasons.     The   Rose  is   said   to   have   been   the  favorite 

^tlower    of  Venus,   and    was    formerh'    white,  until    she,    being    in 

haste    to    assist    her   dving    lover,    pierced    her  foot   with   a    thorn,    and 

Pp  some  of  the  blood  falling  on  it  changed  its  color  from  white  to  red.     It 

!?»?'  grows   about   four  feet   high,  most  of  the   monthly  sorts   being  dwarfish 

in  habit. 


U 


NTO  the  ground  she  cast  lier  modest  eye, 

And  ever  and  anon,  with  rosy  red, 
•  bashful  blush  her  snowy  cheeks  did  dye. 


T  F  Jove  w 
A  queen 


ould  give  the  leaty  bowers 
for  all  their  world  of  flowers, 
ould  be  the  choice  of  Jove, 
the  queen  of  every  grove. 


The  1 
And 


"IITE  are  blushing  roses. 

Bending  with  our  fulness, 

'Midst  our  close-capp'd  .sister  buds, 

Warming  the  green  coolness. 

Of  all   flowers. 


r^  IVE  me  the  eloquent  cheek 
^-^   Where  blushes  burn  and  die 
Like  time,  its  changes  speak 
The  spirit's  purity. 


EAUTY 

was  lent  to  nature  as  the  type 

Of  heave 

n's  unspeakable  and  holy  joy. 

'  --Mrs.  Hale. 

Metliinks  a  rose  is  best 

It  is  the  very  emblem  of  a  maid. 
For  when  the  west  wind  courts  her  gently 
How  modestly  she  blows,  and  paints  the  su 
With  her  chaste  blushes! 

—Benumoiit  a},d  Fh-lcli,-r. 


Whatsoe'er  of  beauty 

Yearns  and  yet  reposes,. 

Blush,  and  bosom,  and  sweet  breath, 

Took  a  shape  in  roses. 

—Leigh  HiDlt. 

ntly  to  the  roses  yield, 
ovely  cheek  they  struggling  vie,' 
(Who  would  not  strive  upon  so  sweet  a  field 

To  win  the  mastery.^) 
And  thoughts  are  in  thy  speaking  eyes  revear< 
Pure  as  the  fount  the  prophet's  rod  unseal'd. 
-Hoffmn,,. 


VI 


1 


li^rcnls, 


0 


H !  wert  thou   voung  again,  I  would  put  off 
M)'  majesty  to  be  more  terrible. 


I'LL  note  you  in  my  book  of  memory 
To  scourge  you  for  this  reprehensioi 
Look  to  it  well,  and  sav   vou  are  well 


I'LL  make  i 
^  And  deck 
And  witch  sw 


-Z«-. 

heaven  in  a  lady's  lap, 

body  in  gay  ornaments, 

ladies  with   mv  words  and  looks 


—S/inifS/eare. 

HAVE  learned  thy  arts,  and  now 
Can  disdain  as  much  as  thou. 

—  Tliomas  Cm 


r>ACK 

D  False 

o  thy  p 

jnishment. 

fugitive 

and  to  thv 

speed 

add 

Lest  with 

a  w^hip 

of  scorpions 

I  pur 

sue 

Thy  linge 

ring. 

'T'HOL'GH  I'm  young,  I  scorn  to  flit 
•*-     On  the  wings  of  borrowed  wit; 
I'll  make  my  own  feathers  rear  me, 
Whither  others  cannot  bear  me. 


E^^^ 


263 


sm 


HubuS   VOSltfciliuS.       Natural  Order:   Rosaceiv  —  Rose  Family. 


RECT  and  branching,  the  Rubus,  sometimes  called  the  Flower- 
}■.    ing  Bramble,  and  sometimes  the  Brier  Rose,  is  a  bush  well 
^    fortified  with    straight   prickles,  and  with    foliage   resembling 
that  of  the   raspberr}'  bush,  being  smooth  on   the  under,  and 
.  %  ^  Y  >.^r  ^^  veh  ety  on    the    upper,  surface.     It   is   a  very  delicate   plant, 
^Ij  ^'  requiring    the    shelter    of  the    greenhouse    or    conservatory  in 

*^-@  order  to  cultivate  it  successfully ;  but  as  it  blooms  at  the  season  when 
'"^"iS)  nature  has  withdrawn  her  genial  smiles,  it  has  proved  a  very  desirable 
acquisition  to  those  who  can  give  it  such  shelter,  or  a  sunny  window 
'^  in  the  house.  The  blossoms  are  double,  and  a  pure,  snow  white. 
I  The  Island  of  Mauritius  claims  its  nativity,  as  does  China,  also.  It  is 
an  especial  favorite  in  England,  being  familiarly  called  the  Bridal  or 
Christmas  Rose.  The  root  is  bulbous,  and  should  be  repotted  in  a 
large  pot  as  early  as  October,  in  order  that  it  may  bloom  weW  the  following 
season,  which  commences  about  Christmas,  and  continues  till  May.  It  is  propa- 
gated b}'  a  division  of  the  stems  after  the  flowering  season  has  ceased. 


•  ||..0sjemar||< 


UoSlliarimiS   otTuilialis.      Natural  Order:  Labiatce  —  Mint  Fainilv. 


ITERALLY,  Rosmarinus  signifies,  in  Latin,  sea-dew,  and 
the  name  was  no  doubt  given  because  of  the  fondness  of  this 
||"  plant  for  the  surf-beaten  and  spray-sprinkled  sea  shore,  whence 
g-its  aromatic  odor,  not  unlike  that  of  camphor,  often  greets  the 
^^^^^,  gladdened  mariner  as  he  sails  along  the  coast.  It  is  an 
''  '""*  evergreen  shrub,  with  blue  flowers,  growing  spontaneously 
in  China,  Asia  Minor,  Spain,  Italy,  and  portions  of  France.  It  yields, 
In'  distillation,  a  great  quantity  of  odoriferous  oil,  with  which  the  whole 
plant  is  highly  impregnated.  Rosemary  was  used  by  our  forefathers 
as  an  emblem  of  fidelity,  constancy,  remembrance,  and  affection,  and 
was  distributed  at  weddings  and  funerals. 


QHE  plac'd  it  sad,  with  needless  fear, 

^   Lest  time  should  shake  my  wavering  sou 

Unconscious  that  her  image  there 

Held  every  sense  in  fast  control.  —Byr, 


THINK  of  thee  when  soft  and  wide 


And  when  the 


And  like  a  young  and  timid  bride. 
Sits  blushing  in  the  arms  of  night 


moon's  sweet  crescent  sprmg 
In  light  o'er  heaven's  wide,  waveless  sea 
And  stars  are  forth  like  blessed  things, 
I  think  of  thee  — I  think  of  thee. 

—  Geori^e  D.  Prentice', 
qPHERE'S  not  a  look,  a  word  of  thine 

My  soul  hath  e'er  forgot; 
Thoi!  ne'er  hast  bid  a  ringlet  shine, 
Nor  given  thy  locks  one  graceful  twine. 
Which   I   remember  not.  —Moore. 


ROSEMARIE  is  for  remembrance 
Between   us  d.ay  and  night, 

always  have 
sight; 


Wishing  that  I  mighl 
You  present  in  m 


And  when   I  cannot  have, 
(As  I  have  said  before,) 

Then  Cupid,  with  his  deadh 
Doth  wound  my  heart  fu 


264 


il 


r 


0Sje-glusli. 


i^. 


of 


oinij. 


TTE  was  made  all  up  of  love  and  charms! 

Delight  of  every  eye !  when  he  appear'd, 
A  secret  pleasure  gladden'd  all  who  saw  him. 


TIER  cheek  had  the 
^^   Ofsea  shells,  the  > 


She 
In  si 


—Addisou. 

pale,  pearlv  tint 

'T>HE  passion  you  pretend. 
A     Was  only  to  obtain; 

■orld-s  sweetest  tint,  as  though 

ght  deem,  on  roses  sopp'd 

But  when  the  charm  is  ende 

-  Bailey. 

The  charmer  you  disdain. 

TIGHT  as  the  angel   shapes  that  bless 
An  infant's  dream,  yet  not  the  less 
Rich  in  all  woman's  loveliness; 
With  eyes  so  pure,  that  from  their  ray 
Dark  vice  would  turn  abash'd   awav. 


'T'ELL  me  where  thy  strength  doth  lie; 
Where  the  power  that  charms  us  so- 


T' 


In  thy 


lERE  'S  no  miniature 

In  her  face,  but  is  a  copious  theme, 

;h  would,  discours'd  at  large  of,  make  a  ' 


fe:- 


QHE  moved  upon  this  earth  a  shape  of  brightness, 

A  power  that  from  its  objects  scarcely  drew 
One  impulse  of  her  being  —  in  her  lightness, 

Most  like  some  radiant  cloud  of  morning  dew. 

-Slully. 


1 


Uosa   mascl)ata.      .Natural  Ok  DEI! :  Rosacea:  — Rose  Family. 


y  a  trailing  habit,  the  Musk  Rose  is  well  adapted  for  trellises 
il  arbors;  it  grows  from  eleven  to  twelve  feet  high,  requiring 
w  ays  some  support  to  keep  it  from  the  ground.     The  flowers. 
Inch    are  large    and   white,  bloom   in  clusters  and    ha\-e   that 
^^-   peculiar   musky  odor  from  whence  it  derives  its  name.     It    is 
Wsaid    that    Hymen,    the    god    of  matrimony,   used   to   wear    a 
wn  of  Roses,  and  that  "his  locks  dropped  perfume."     The  Rose, 
^jjW^^}of  whate\er  species,  color,  or  name,  holds  the  supremac}'  in  the  hearts 
^}i|l^^    of  the  people,  and  never  will  its  glory  wane  until  Roses  cease  to  bloom. 


r 


m 


k 


Eosa  albo.      Natural  Order:  Rosacece — Rose  Family. 

I  RMANY  produces,  more  extensively  perhaps  than  an}'  other- 
tountrv,  the  Rosa  alba,  or  White  Rose,  a  shrub  growing 
Irom  six  to  seven  feet  high.  Its  flowers  are  usually  pure 
white,  though  sometimes  delicately  tinted  with  a  blush.  The 
White  Rose  has  been  selected  as  a  symbol  of  secrecy,  as 
the  old  Latin  phrase  5///'  rosa  signifies  under  the  rose,  or 
'^i,^',  secietU  .  and  Booth  says  it  was  so  considered  by  the  ancients,  who 
•aw,*^3  hunt;  It  up  at  their  entertainments,  as  a  token  that  anything  there 
rfVit         '^'^'^    "'^'^    "o*^    to   be  divulged.      The    flowers    are  very  fragrant,  and 


''  blo(jm  in  clustc 


^^tri^t^* 


OEARCII   n 

■^  Nor  to  kn 

ot  to  find  « 

hat  lies  too  deeply  hid; 

ms  things  ■» 

vhose  knowledge  is  forbid. 

-Denlmm. 

lirELL,  read  my  cheek,  and   watch 
**     Too  strictly   school'd  arc   they. 

ny  eye,— 

11  THEN   two  know  it,  how  can 
**     And  indeed  with  what  justi 

it  be 
ce  can 

One  secret  of"  my  soul  to  show, 

Expect  secresy  in  me,  that  canno 

One  hidden   thought  betray.            M 

>-.?  Landon. 

Be  private  yourself.' 

-.1/, 

INDEED,  tr 
^  Joy  bred  a 

ue  gladness 
id  born  but 

doth  not  always  speak: 
in  the  tongue  is  weak. 

-Ba,  Jonmn. 

11  lY  lisfninj;  powers 

•'■'^    Were  awed,  and  ev'ry  tliou^ht  in  si 

I'LL  keep  this  secret  from  tht 
*■    As  warily  as  those  that  deal 

«ork 

ence  hung, 

in  poi 

And  wond'ring  expectation. 

-Akenside. 

Keep  poison   from   their  childrei 

•        - 

A    SECRET  in  his  mouth, 

Is  like  a  wild  bird  put  in  a  cage; 
W'hose  door  no  sooner  opens,  but  'tis 


p. 


■JTO  our  calm  today  its  ghost  comes  gliding- 
Known  all  too  late! 
Take  from  my  liand  its  emblem,  and  the  emblen- 
Of  our  strange  fate. 


silence 


.Silence!  its  pale  lips  say;  the  snow-whil 

Of  yon  sad  stone. 
Vet  — lingering  joy  —  the  sharers,  even  of  silence, 

Are  not  alone !         —Ho-.oard  Glyndon. 


^ni&%tckUt 


1 


;.v    liuilbcckia   lai'miala.       Natural   Order:    Co7nposiUv— Aster  Family. 

ER\   properly  this  plant  has  been  dedicated  to  Olaus  Rudbeck, 

"-,  a  celebrated  botanist  of  Upsal,  Sweden,  a  man  unequaled  in 

tiie    ardor    and    zeal    with    which    he    prosecuted    his   botanical 

Q\  ' }/  '     1  esLiii  ches.      His    son,  of'  the    same   name,   followed    in    his  foot- 

^j  '  steps,  and  was   scarcely  less   distinguished.      The   Swedes  have  a 

taste  for  the  science,  and  Linngeus,  one  of  the  greatest  of  naturalists, 

w.is   a  countryman   of  the   Rudbecks.      His    reputation   has    somewhat 

o\ei shadowed    the    earlier    workers.      The    Rudbeckia    is  a   tall    plant, 

^    resembling  the  sunflower,  and  is  found  growing  freely  around  swamps 

s    .md    ditches    throughout    the    United    States    and    Canada,  and    blooms 

fiom  August  to  September. 


"lirilAT  stronger  breastplate  than  a  heart  untainted? 

Thrice  is  he  armed  who  hath  his  quarrel  just, 
And  he  but  naked,  though  lock'd  up  in  steel, 
Whose  conscience  with  injustice  is  corrupted. 

-Shakespeare. 


'pHOUGH  with  tardy  step 

Celestial  justice  comes,  tliat  step 


Unerring  is    her  bolt. 
Eternal  will  the  ruin 


sure, 
where  it  tails, 

— Samuel  Flay^ 


TUSTICE,  wh 
J     N'or  crueltv. 


equal   scales   she  holds,  is  blind, 
3r  mercy,  change  her  mind: 
When  some  escape  for  that  which  others  die, 
Mercy  to  those,  to  these  is  cruelty.  —Denham. 


A     HAPPY   lot  be  thine,  and  larger  light 
-'*■  Await  thee  there;  lor  thou  hast  bound 
In  cheerful  homage  to  the  rule  of  right. 
And  lovest  all,  and  doest  good  for  ill. 


'yHE 
i    Aw 

In  dark 
Yet  let 


!un  of  justice  m.ay  withdraw  his  beams 
lile  from  earthly  ken,  and  sit  concealed 
recess,  pavilioned  round  with  clouds: 


Nor  virtue  droop  despondent;  soo 
Seeming  eclipse,  will  brighten  int 
And  in  majestic  splendor  he  will 
With  healing  and  with  terror  on 


267 


^ 


■txt. 


Rllta   Civancolcns.      Natural  Order;  Rutacc,F  —  Ri(c  Fatnily. 


j^LANTS  of  this   order  are   usuall}'  found   in   the  warmer  parts 
of  the   Eastern    Hemisphere   and   the   tropical    parts  of  Soutli 
flC'C^^^W      ^^merica.     The  name  Rute  is  of  Peloponnesian  origin,  and  is 
^l^    J.    yy\      tiequently   mentioned    by   both   ancient   Greek    and    Latin  au- 
thors; while  peganon  was  apparentl}-  the  synonym  elsewhere 
YJ^^'-  "      I,'     m   Greece.      The   whole   plant    is  pervaded    by   an    intensely 
^^.^C\^  bittei    element  and  an  ungrateful  odor,  though  it  has  several  qualities 
that  lendei    it  useful  in  medicine,  among  which  are  its  tonic   and  febri- 
K^  iugal    pioperties.       It    is    a    very  hardy  shrub,    frequently  cultivated    in 
I^Xt  gardens,  growing  about   three   feet  high,  and  from  June   to  September 
produces  flowers  of  a  dull  yellow  color,  in  loose  clusters. 


% 


^jjifitlanq* 


I   h;i 


dee 


felt 


ir 


The  mockery  of  the  hollow  shrine  at  which  my  spirit  knelt; 

Mine  is  the  requiem  of  years  in  reckless  folly  pass'd, 

The  wail  above  departed  hopes  on  a  frail  venture  cast; 

The  vain  regret  that  steals  above  the  wreck  of  squander'd  hours 

Like  the  sighing  of  the  autumn  wind  over  the  faded  flowers. 

—  WhiltU-r. 

s  time  to  mourn  lacks  time  to  mend;  /^OME,   fair  Repentance!  daughter  of  the  skies 

iiourns  tliat.     'Tis  an  ill  cure  ^   Soft  liarbinger  of  soon  returning  virtue! 

t  ills,  to  have  no  time  to   feel   them.  The  weeping  messenger  of  grace  from  hea\''n! 
—Heiiiy   Taylor.  —Brmmi. 

no  by  repentance  is  not  satisfied, 

not  of  heav'n  nor  earth,  for  these  are  pleased; 
By  penitence  the  Eternal's  wrath  's  appeased.       —Sliaki-spi-are. 


w 


>\VEET  t 
'    And    he 


tos   have  soui 
eponts  on   the 


ii 


closes;  [of  roses.     QORROW  for  past   ills  doth   restore 

rns   that  sleeps  on.  beds  To  his  first  innocence. 

CO  let  us  which  this  change  of  weather  view. 

Change  eke  our  minds,  and  former  lives  amend; 

The  old  year's  sins  forepast  let  us  eschew. 

And  fly  the  faults  with  which  we  did  offend.       _.s>„.,v. 
268 


J 


Salnia   officinalis.      Natural  Order:  Labiatcc—Miut  Family. 


AGE  is  an  hiiniblc  denizen  of  the  kitclien-garden,  never  making 
Its  appearance  on   the   lawn   among  the   gay  and    brilliant  com- 
panions that  \\e   tind   it   associated  with  in  the  botany,  but  con- 
tent to  be  surrounded  by  the  less  obtrusive  though  more  useful 
^   plants  —  the  crisp  lettuces,  the  peas,  the  beans,  and  numerous 
h     others  that  garnish  our  tables  during  the  summer  months.     In 
order  to  be  well  grown  it  requires  a  mellow  soil,  when  it  becomes 
a  pleasing  object  to  the  eye,  its  peculiar  green  distinguishing  it  from 
other  plants,  even  at  a  distance;    and  behold,  what  a  prett}'  leaf!  so 
rugous  or  wrinkly  that  if  transparent  it  would  be  like  the  meshes  of 
fine    lace.      The  flowers  are    purple,   blooming   in    spikes.      Its    Latin 
une,  is  derived   from  saliv,  I  saA-e,  as   it   possesses  valuable  medical 
properties,  being  classed  in  botanical  works  as  a  tonic  and  expectorant. 


J)am0$lij|  Tiriuij. 


AND  oh,  the  atmosphere  of  h 

It  floats  around  us  when  we  sit  tc 

Under  a  bower  of  vine  in  summer 

Or  round   the  hearthstone  on  a  winter 


how  brighl 


N° 

single 

virtue 

could 

we  most 

commend, 

Vhether  the  \ 

ife,  th 

:  mother 

or  the  frie 

nd; 

For  . 

he  was 

each 

n  that 

supreme 

degree, 

That 

as  no  c 

ne  pre 

vail'd, 

so  all  was  she. 

-Dryd 

u. 

i     Co 

sum  of  all 

that 
e  xve 

SEEK  1 
A  ^^c 


I 


ALL  day,  like  some  sweet  bird,  content  to  sin; 
'-  '■   In  its  small  cage,  she  moveth  to  and  fro  — 
And  ever  and  anon  will  upward  spring 
To  her  sweet  lips,  fresh  from  the  fount  below. 
The  murmur'd  melody  of  pleasant  thought. 

—Mrs.  E.  Oalcrs  Smitli. 


be  good,  but  aim  not  to  be  great; 
Oman's  noblest  station  is  retreat; 
Her  fairest  virtues  fly  from   public  sight; 
Domestic   worth  —  that   shuns  too  strong  a  ligl 
— Lord  Lyttletoii. 
makes  a   just  inan  happ\', 
11  choosing  of   his  wife.       —Masxhufcr. 

■pvOME.STIC  happiness!    thou  only  bliss 
'^^  Of  Paradise  that  has  surviv'd  the  fall! 
Though  few  now  taste  thee  unimpair'd  and  fre 
Or,  tasting,  long  enjoy  thee;    too  infirm, 
Or  too  incautious,  to  preserve  thy  sweets 
Unmix'd  with  drops  of  bitter.  —Cov-per. 

z69 


1 


^alii;jia. 


Salria  Bplenbcns. 


Natural  Order:   Labiatcc — Mint  Family. 


'ELIGHTING  in  warm  climes,  these   plants   are   found   abund- 
antly in   South   America    and    Mexico.      The   brilliancy  of 
their  blossoms  has  caused  their  introduction  into  our  more 
r  northern    latitudes,    where    they    occasionally    pass    under    the 
name  of  Scarlet    Sage.      The}-   are   perennials,   and    are   usually 
lown    in    the    greenhouse,    though    they    do    exceedingly  well    in    the 
||p   garden  or   the   lawn.      The   Howers    are   of  a  vivid,  bewildering    scarlet 
'^*^  tint,  and  abundant  in   their   prodigality.      There   are  varieties  with   pink 
and  blue  flowers,  which,  though  desirable,  are  less  conspicuous.     They 
can  be  raised  as  annuals  from  seed,  or  from  cuttings,  which  root  easily 
and  with  less  delay  than  many  other  plants. 


Jlncrgi|, 


'TPHEN    we   wrins  iVom   our  souls  tlicir  applicali\c   strength, 
i      \,sA  Kur,,!  tn  tlie  cord   the  strong  bow  of  onr  ken; 


our  souls 
And  bei 

And  bringing  our  lives  to  the  level  of  others, 
Hold  the  cup  we  have  filled,  to  their  uses  at  length. 
—Mrs. 


'pHE  keen  spirit  C 

^    Seizes  the  prompt  occasion  —  makes  the  thought 
Start  into  instant  action,  and  at  once 
Plans  and  performs,  resolves  and  executes! 


ROM   this 
The  very  firstlings  of  my   heart  shall  be 
The  firstlings  of  my  hand.     And  even  now. 
To  crown  my  tho'ts  with  acts,  be  it  tho't  and  don 
—Shakespeare. 


K 


WAY,  then  — work   with  boldness  and  with  speed. 
On  greatest  action 


HOW   slow  the  t 
To  the  warn, 


that,  in  the  ver 
would  execute  a  great  design. 


\TEVER  change  thy   mind,  [still, 

nt  If  augfht  obstructs  thv  course,   vet  stand  not 


5ut   wind  .about  till  thou 


top'd  the  hill. 
-Denim 


■pUN,  if  you  like,  but  try  to  keep  your  Ijreath; 
■'•*■  Work  like  a  man,  but  don't  be  worked   to  death. 


—  O.   \y.  Holmes. 


^ 


^arB*$:px\viUa 


Smilav  savsaparilla.     Natukai.  Oki 


i/iici\r Siiiilax  Family. 


druggists 


rleansing   impurities   tVoin   the   human  system   the   root   of 
the   Sarsaparilla  has  long  been  held   in  high  estimation,  and, 
^  ■^  though    it    has    been    supplanted    to    some    extent    b\-    other 
remedies,  it   is   still  imported  in  large  quantities   from   South 
3   America,   where   the   nati\-es   gather  it  in   the   woods   on   the 
■>,>o   banks  of  the  Tigre,  Ucayale  and  other  ri\ers,  and  pack  it 
"^  in   large    bales    readj'  for   shipment.     Another  species    of  the 
same    plant    belonging    to    the    order    Araliacete,    grows    abundantly 
throughout  the   Northern   States.     It   flourishes    best   in    rich,    rockv 
soil.     The    root    differs  materially  from    that  of  the    first    mentioned, 
which  is  long  and  slender,  the  North   American  Aarietv  being  thick 
and   fleshy.     The   latter   is   sometimes   substituted   for  the   former   by 
in  their  preparations,  and  is  supposed  to  have  similar  properties. 


'yill.S   sad   experience  cites  me  to  reveal. 
•*-    And   wliat  I   dictate  is  from  what   I   I'eel. 


r\   fate:    all  lett  behind, 
^   I  follow   thee  adown  the  bitter  road. 
With  weary  feet,  and   heavy  eyes  and  blind. 
That  leadeth  to  thv   tar  unknown  abode; 


■y   flesh 
ith  thee 


—  William   AUr, 


W 


World's  cruelty  is  bitter  bane; 
But  jiain   is  not   the  fruit  of  pain.        ^.ifrs.  Brmmiiig. 


r\  TEACH   him,  while  your  lessons  hut, 
To  judge  the  present  by  the  past; 


TEACH   h 
To  judge  tl 
Remind  him  of  each  wish  pi 


PXPERIENCE, 
'-^  To  mortals   is  ; 


How  rich  it  glow'd  with  promised  good; 
Remind  liim  of  each  wish  enjoi  'd. 
How  soon  his  hopes  possession  cloy'd. 

join'd   to  common  sense, 
1  providence.       —Green. 


^^:J 


ir 


Sassafras* 


Sassafras    otTu'malc.       Natltkal  Order:   LanraccLC  —  Laurel  Family. 

•^ ''  I'^^j      W^    \DER   the   order  ot   laurels   we   find   this  tree   classified,  with 
my  others,  most  of  which  possess  aromatic  properties,  either 
their  bark,  roots  or  leaves.      Many  of  them  are  in  common 
^e,  as  the  cinnamon,  obtained  from  the  bark  of  the  Cinnamo- 
mum  Zeylanicmn,  a  native  of  Ceylon;  and  the  camphor,  an 
r<-             —fjT-   aromatic   gum   procured  from   several    trees  in   India,  China 
\f-^  and  Japan       The  Sassafras  is   found   abundantly  throughout  the  United 
The    bark   of  the   root,   along  with    the    essential 
is    the   chief  article   of  commerce,   and    possesses 
v-r    gentle  stmiulating,  aromatic    and  alterative  properties.     The  tree   grows 
'Tie-   to  the   height  of  fifteen  or  twenty  feet,  and   presents   a   rather   pleasing 
'"^^    appeal  ante.     The  pith  of  the  voung  wood  is  sometimes  used  in  inflam- 
mation ol  the  eyes.     The  flo\\'ers  are  a  greenish  yellow,  appearing  from 
April  to  June.  


,  ,.,  Statt  s    <uid    Canada 
/r^    oil    piepaied   from 


1[aiiijj|, 


To 


OR 

wlifi-e  niv  « 

^rtliinoss  is  poor, 

^rv 

^vill   stands 

iclilv  at  the  door, 

pav 

shortcoming 

evermore. 

i-hen   favors  are  denied: 


ATO  trif 


"yiS  eve 

■'•    All  had   been  granted   but  the  thing  we  b 
And  still  some  great  unlikely  substitute, 
Your  life,  vour  souls,  your  all  of  earthly  good. 
Is  proffer'd  in  the  room  of  one  small  boon. 

— 'Joanna  Bailtie. 

''E  give  of  what  we  take 

From  life  of  outward  tilings;  o 
Where  tluy  liave  been,  a  glory  in  tl 
Moi-e  briglit  than  thev  receive. 


Mrs.  Browning. 
trifle  is  so  small  as  what  obtains. 
Save  that  which  loses  favor;  'tis  a  breath 
Which  hangs  upon  a  smile!  a  look,  a  word, 
A  frown,  the  air-built  tower  of  fortune  shakes. 
And  down  the  unsubstantial  fabric  falls. 


-Hannah  More. 


w 


-Dor 


[VE  thy  heart's  b( 
From  fair  Nature 
■e  thv  love  — and  ; 


And  the  more  thou  spendest 

From  thy  little  store. 
With  a  double  bounty, 

God  will  gi\e  you  more. 

— .\delaide  .A.  Proctor. 


'^ 


gfe- 


M3^ 


illimosa   puilica.      Natural  Order:  LeguminosLC  —  Pulse  Family. 


SENSITIVE  soul  shrinks  when  wounded  or  stung  by  the 
1  udeness  or  sarcasm  of  a  thoughtless  tongue,  and  in  this  plant 
.1  curious  analogy  to  this  feeling  is  found.  The  Mimosa  has 
the  peculiar  property  of  retraction,  when  touched  by  the  hand 
,-«  or  other  substance.  There  are  tiiur  plants  which  have  the 
,  ,N  same  peculiar  power,  the  names  of  which  are:  Dwarf 
Cassia,  called  also  Sensitive  Pea,  an  elegant  plant  with  yellow  flowers; 
the  Wild  Sensitive  plant,  whose  leaves  close  by  night  and  when 
touched;  the  Sensitive  Brier,  and  the  above,  which  is  about  a  toot 
high,  with  a  shrubby  stem.  The  flowers  of  the  Mimosa  pudica  are 
small,  and  bloom  in  heads,  and  are  of  little  beauty.  It  is  a  native  of 
Brazil,  and  is  often  cultivated  as  a  curiosity,  as  its  leaves  droop  if 
touched,  or  if  the  stalk  of  the  shrub  is  shaken  all  the  stems  sink 
down  as  if  they  ti;lt  a  thrill  of  horror  pass  over  them,  and  only  reco\-er  after  sev- 
eral hours.  


W 


ITHAL  she  laughed,  and  she  blushed 
That  blushing  to  her  laughter  gave  m 
laughter  to  her  blushing. 


Spe„s. 


the 


'pHE  sensitive  plant 

*•    Upgather'd  into  the  bosom  of  res 
A  sweet  child  wearj  of  its  delight, 
The  feeblest  and  vet  the  favorite. 
Cradled  within   the  embrace  of  night. 


T 


HE  sweet  eyes  that  his  eves  were  set  upon 
Were  hid  by  shamefast  lids  as  he  did  speak, 
.\nd  redder  color  burned  on  her  fresh  cheek, 
.\nd  her  lips  smiled,  as,  with  a  half-sad  sigh, 
He  'gan  to  tell   his  lovesome  historv. 


-William  Morris. 


I  1-  maids 
'    But  if  i 


he  cures  who  can; 
a  man  be  shv  —  a  man  — 


Whv,  then  the  worse  for  hi 


OO  bright  the  te 
^^    Love  half  regr 


bea 


regrets  to  kiss  i 
sweet  the  blush  of  bashful) 
E'en  pit\-  scarce  can  wish  i 


-Jem,  Ingeto:.. 

face  o'erspread, 
ying  her  cheeks,  by  turn,  with  white  and  red: 
The  driving  colors,  never  at  a  stay. 
Run  here  and  there,  and  flush  and  fade  awav. 


\  CRIMSON  blush  her  bea 
^  Va 


273 


^S- 


feamrjocli* 


(Tritoliinn  rcpciis. 


Lcij/niiinoscr —  f'/i/s. 


HITE    CLOVER, 

jil;,.    from    th 
.s.  hills  or  ru 


IS  this  plant  is  usually  called,  inhabits 
'  luxuriant  meadow  to  the  Sterile  moun- 
ky  places.  It  is  highly  useful  tor  pastur- 
ige,  and  tbrms  tlic  ciiief  food  for  cattle  in  some  countries 
The  flowers  are  white  and  odoriferous.  Bees  are  attracted 
rom  a  considerable  distance  by  it,  as  it  freights  the  air  \er_\ 
i\iiy  where  it  grows  in  quantities.  The  Shamrock  is  an  Irish  plant 
and  St.  Patrick  haxing  chosen  it  to  illustrate  t<j  his  simple  hearers  hi,- 
idea  of  the  Trinit^■.  it  became  thenceforth  the  national  emblem  of  Ireland 
Brande  and  Benthani  say  the  Shamrock  is  the  Oxalis  acetosella  or  c 
men  wood  sorrel,  and  with  some  reason,  as  the  White  Clover  is  beliexec 
to  be  of  only  recent  introduction  into  Ireland,  but  the  abo\e  is  more  gen- 
erally receixed.  Plinv  sa\'S  no  serpent  will  touch  it,  which  is  probably 
a  classic  superstition. 


PACII  delighted  and  delighting,  gives 

Tlie  pleasing  ecstacy   which  each  receives. 

-  Prior. 

IIJ'HOM  call  we  ga\  .'   thai   honor  has  lieen  long         That  dries  his  feathers  satnrate   with  dew 

The  boast  of  mere  pretenders  to  the  name.         Beneath  the  rosy  cloud,  while  yet  the  bean 
The  innocent  are  gay  —  the  lark  is  g 

A' 


Of  day-spring  ov 


his  humble  nest. 


poised  on   vibrant  wings, 

Where  its  sweet  treasure  swings, 

The  honey-lover  clings 

To  the  red    flowers,— 

r\   TIIOU  sweet   lark,  that  in  the  heaven  so  hig 
^  Twinkling   thy   wings,  dost  sing  so  jovfullv, 


.So,  lost  in   vivid  light, 
.So,  rapt   from   day  and  night, 
I   linger  in   delight. 
Enraptured   o'er  the   vision-freighted   hour 


I 


I    watch   \\\\   soaring 
And   when   at   la-t    I   tin-: 


silently   receive   thy    melody, 
delight;  f)  thou    sweet    l.irk,   that    I    had   wins-s    like 


m 


% 


m 


vlntini)ilUim    IliaitlG.       Xatukai.   Order:   Scrophiilariacw—Figxcort  Family. 


V  tlic  man\-  varieties  ot"  tliis  plant,  all  are  highly  esteemed  as 
Dinaments  in  the  flower-garden.  The  tiowers  are  \-ery  brilliant, 
usualh  combining  two  or  three  colors  in  one  blossom,  and  are 
most  singular  in  shape.  Each  is  tubular  as  it  comes  out  of  the 
c.ih  \,  and  continues  so  for  nearh-  an  inch,  when  it  terminates 
m  two  lips,  a  two-cleft  one  turning  upward,  and  a  three-cleft 
one  turning  downward,  while  between  the  two,  and  closing  the  orifice, 
is  a  puffed  protuberance.  The  Greek  words  aiiti  riii,  whence  the 
name,  signify  "opposite  the  nose."  as  it  is  supposed  to  resemble  the 
snout  of  an  animal.  When  the  flower  is  pressed  between  the  fingers 
it  opens  like  a  mouth,  and  when  the  pressure  is  slackened  it  snaps 
or  closes  quickly  like  a  spring.  The  plants  are  perennials,  growing 
about  a  foot  or  two  in  height,  and  bloom  the  first  season  if  sown 
earh". 


DE   LORGE'S  love  o'erheard  the  king,  a  beauteous,  lively  dame, 
W'itti  smiling  lips  and  sharp,  bright  eyes,  which  always  seemed  the  same; 
She  thought.  The  count,  my  lover,  is  brave  as  brave  can  be; 
He  surelv  would  do  wondrous  things  to  show  his  love  ot"  me; 
'•King,  ladies,  lovers,  all   look  on;   the  occasion  is  divine; 
1  Ml  drop  mv  glove,  to  prove  his  love;   great  glory  will  be  mine." 
.She  dropped  her  glove,  to  prove  his  love,  then  looked  at  him  and  smiled; 
He  bowed,  and  in  a  moment  leaped  among  the  lions  wild: 
The  leap  was  quick,  return  was  quick,  he  has  regained  his  place. 
Then  threw  the  glove,  but  not  with  love,  right  in  the  lady's  tacc. 
"By  heaven!"  said  Francis,  "rightly  done!"   and  he  rose  from  where  lie  sal; 
"No  love,"  quoth   he.  "hut  vanity,  sets  love  a  task   like  that."       —Uigli  Hunt. 

11 7 HEN  years  began 
'  '     To  reap  the  fruit  of  knowledge;   ah!  how  then 
Would  she  with  graver  looks,  with  sweet,  stern  brow. 
Check  my  presumption  and  my  forwardness! 
Yet  still  would  give  me  flow'rs;   still  would  she  show 
What  she  would  have  me,   vet  nol   have  me  know.       —DatiM. 


^^J^Sb- 


^mciwfcalt. 


■^i 

^i 


Dibunuini    rOSCUIlI.       Xaturai,   Okdkk:    CaprifoHaceie  —  Honeysuckle  Family. 


'HIS  shrub  is  a  native  of  Europe,  and  attracts  general   atten- 
tion in  earl\'  spring,  when  it  crowns  itself  with  bloom.      The 
flowers    make    their    appearance    at    first    in    small,    greenish 
masses,  and  are  utterly  devoid  of  beauty;  but  a  few  days  of 
waim    sunlight    bleaches   them   to  a   creamy  white,  by  which 
time   the   balls    ha\-e   expanded    to   their   utmost,   bringing    full 
assui  uue    that    the    loitering    days    of    summer    are    at    hand.      The 
\  ibui  num  assumes  a  rather  straggling  shape  if  left  entirel}-  to  itself, 
hut  with   a   little    attention    and    pruning   can    be   trained    into  a  well- 
shaped  bush    tor  a    single   specimen,   or,   where   the   luxury  of  space 
B-^  will  allow,  it  may  be  planted  in  groups  to  adorn  the  lawn,  where  it 
''^"^  hai  monizes   well  with   the   delicate    and   simple  tints  of  the   lilac  and 
'■(^^^{^(^  othei  spring  flowers.     In  England  it  is  called  the  Guelder  Rose.     The 
^/ ®^(^  significance  of  its  botanical  name  is  uncertain,  but  it  is  the  old  Latin 


appellative. 


l^aug^ls  ^\  '^cauEn. 


T 


HE  torch  you  turn  to  earth  still   upw.ird  lit'ts  its  flame: 
And   so  the  soul   looks   up,  though  turned  to  earth  in  shame. 


ITER   thoughts  were  holy,  ^aint-like. 

Ever  pointing  to  her  God ; 

And  sweetest  orisons  were  uttered 

By  the  lips  heneath   the  sod. 


.So  that  queenly  "  Snowball  "   blooming, 
Was  of  her  an  emblem  given; 

For  its  flower  language  whispers  — 
"  My  thoughts  are  all  of  heaven." 


-Lucy  M.  Saiijord. 


E.WEX  darklv  works;  vet  where  the  seed  hath  been, 


11 /JY  thoughts  arc  not  in  thi-;  hour 
■'■'■'  Unworthy  what  I  see,  though  i 
Spirit!  let  me  expire,  or  see  them   n 


EACH  individual  seeks  a  separate  goal; 
But  heav'n's  great  view  is  one,  and  that  the  whole ; 
Th.at  counterworks  each  folly  and  caprice; 
That  disappoints  th'  eftects  of  ev'ry   vice.     ^Pope. 


^fek- 


276 


J 


■^^=iS- 


)m0w£r0y. 


(&alantl)US  ninalis.      Natural  Order:  Afi/aiyllidaceiV — Amaryllis  Family 


URICH,  with  the  adjoining  cantons  of  Switzerland  and  some 
—  other  localities  in  Europe,  may  be  considered  the  original 
habitats  of  this  little  plant,  the  botanical  name  of  which  sig- 
,  j^  nifies  Snowy  Milk-flower.  It  flourishes  in  the  meadows  and 
:  „  along  the  water  courses  that  abound  in  the  neighborhood  of 
"  "  ^^^'  ^^^  Alps,  where  the  pure  and  everlasting  snow  rests  like  a 
cloud  between  the  blue  sk}-  above  and  the  green  and  fertile  valley 
beneath  It  is  ver}'  hard}-,  as  it  would  indeed  have  to  be  to  exist 
miid  such  surroundings.  Having  been  many  years  cultivated,  it  has 
found  its  way  from  the  parterres  abroad  into  the  gardens  of  America, 
where  it  may  be  seen  peeping  from  its  snowy  coverlet  long  before 
other  flowers  burst  from  their  wintry  prisons,  or  nature  awakes  from 
her  dreaming.  The  roots  are  bulbous,  and  in  planting  they  show  to 
better  advantage  where  several  (from  six  to  eight)  are  set  in  a  group,  when,  in 
a  few  years,  the  increase  will  warrant  a  division.  The  flower  is  of  a  tair  size, 
and  pendulous,  with  onl}-  a  single  blossom  on  a  stem. 


0 


H!  sweetly  be.iutiful  it  is  to  m.irk 
The  virgin,  vernal  snowdrop!  liftii 
Meek  as  a  nun  —  the  whiteness  of 


g  up  — 
its  cup,. 


From  earth's  dead  bosom,  desolate  and  dark. 


QWEET  flower,  thou  tellvt  how  1 
^    As  pure  and  tender  as  thy   leaf- 

And  humble  as  thy  stem  —  will 
The  joy  that  peace  imparts. 


-Percival. 


ITER  precious  pearl,  in  sor 

Unmelted  at  the  bottom 

To  shine  again,  when,  all  dn 

The  bitterness  should  pasi 


l.\V, 

ink  up, 
away. 


'T'lIE  little  shape,  by  magic  pow'r, 

Grew  less  and  less,  contracted  to  a  flow'r; 
A  flow'r,  that  first  in  this  sweet  garden  smiled. 
To  virgins  sacred,  and  the  snowdrop  styled. 

'—Tickell. 


I 


^^^ 


Cjalcsia    Mptcra       Natural  Oruek:   Styracacea  —  Storax  Family. 


\LESIA   is   a   name    given    in   honor  of  the   Rev.  Dr.  Stephen 
^  H  lies    an  English  philosopher  and  naturalist  (1677-1761),  to  a 
'■    numbei    of  shrubs  or  small   trees  found   in  the  rich   woodlands 
th  It  border  on  the  banks  of  some  stream  or  river.      They  are 
tound   more  especially  in   the   Southern    States    lying  adjacent 
to  the   \tlantic.     The  usual  height  of  these  trees  is  from  fifteen 
to   t\\ent^    teet    though   they   are    occasional!}'  found   considerably  taller. 
In   the   South    they  bloom    from    March   to   May.      The    flowers,  which 
are  white  and  bell-shaped,  make  their  appearance  before  the  large  and 
*^^K<     ample  foliage.      It  is  from  a  tropical  tree  of  this  order  that  the  Storax 
'^y)    and  Benzoin  or  Gum  Benjamin  is  obtained.     This  resinous  sap  is  made 
to  flow  by  perforating  the  bark  of  the  stems  and  branches.     It  is  very 
fragrant,  and  is  much  used  in  the  manufacture  of  various  perfumes.     In 
medicine  it  is  regarded  as  a  stimulant  and  expectorant. 


XTTHAT  then  remains  but  well  our  power  to  use, 
•    And  keep  good  humor  still,  whate'er  we  lose.' 
And  trust  me,  dear,  good  humor  can  prevail. 
When  airs,  and  flights,  and  screams,  and  scolding  fail; 
Beauties  in  vain  their  pretty  eyes  may  roll; 
Charms  strike  the  sight,  but  merit  wins  the  soul. 

—Pope. 


day  beameth  brightly  before  u 
firmament,  green  is  the  earth; 


verse  chorus; 
ic  and   mirth. 


Lift  up  thy  eyes,  that  are  looking  in  sadness; 

Gaze!  and,  if  beauty  can  rapture  thy  soul. 
Virtue  herself  shall  allure  thee  to  gladness  — 

Gladness!  philosophy's  guardian  and  goal. 


-From  the  Germii 


I'D  laugh  today,  today  is  brief, 

I  would  not  wait  for  anything; 
I'd  use  today  that  cannot  last, 
Be  glad  today  and  sing. 

278 


-ChrU 


1 


J 


0mtlijeriiw00ll* 


1 


^I'tcinisia   abvotaiUim.      Natural  Order:    Compositcr — Aster  Family. 


ATHER  dense  of  growth,  and  of  a  height  of  from  three  to  five 
feet,   the    Southernwood    is    a   well-known   shrubbj'  plant   quite 
'C^    frequently  found    in    old    fashioned    gardens.       The    lea\es    are 
much  divided,   and  the    flowers    are   yellow,  while   a   pleasant, 
bitter,  aromatic  odor  pervades  the  whole   plant.      It   is   fre- 
quently called  Old  Man,  and  sometimes  Bo3's'  Love.     The 
botanical  name  of  the  genus  is  derived  from  Artemis,  the  Greek  appel- 
Uion  of  the  chaste  huntress  and   goddess,  Diana;    and  the  specific  title 
abrotanum,   which    denotes    the    Southernwood    proper    as    distinguished 
from  other  varieties   of  the  Artemisia,   is   of  uncertain   derivation.     This 
plant  is  possessed  of  tonic,  narcotic  and  other  medicinal  properties,  and 
is   frequentlv  used    in   domestic   medicine,    particularly  in    places    remote 
from  a  pharmaceutist  or  physician. 


pERHAPS  the  jest  that  charm'd  the  sprightly  crovd, 

And  made  the  jovial  table  laugh  so  loud, 
To  some  false  notion  owed  its  poor  pretense.       ^Prior. 

'T'RUE  wit  is  nature  to  advantage  dress'd,  .\s  shades  more  sweetly  recommend  the  li 

What  ot't  was  thought,  but  ne'er  so  well  e.xpress'd;  So  modest  plainness  sets  oft"  sprightly  wit; 

Something,  whose  truth  convinced  at  sight,  we  find;  For  works  may  have   more  wit   than   does 

That  gives  us  back  the  image  of  our  mind.  As  bodies  perish  through  excess  of  blood. 

A.S  in   smooth  oil  the  razor  best  is  whet, 
-'  '^   So  wit  is  by  politeness  sharpest  set; 
Their  « ant  of  edge  from  their  offense  is  seen ; 
Both  pain  us  least  when  exquisitely  keen. 


ight, 
[good, 


H 


E  cannot  try  to  speak  with  gravity, 
But  one  perceives  he  wags  an  idle  tongu 
cannot  try  to  look  demure,  but,  -pite 
all  he  does,  he  shows  a  laughter's  cheek ; 


He  cannot  e'en  essay  to  walk  sedate. 
But  in  his  very  gait  one  sees  a  jest. 
That 's  ready  to  break  out  in  spite  of 
Hi 


379 


I 


^w, 


^^ttAmtlh 


1 


iPEronica   avtieusis.      Natural  Order:  ScrophulariacecE — Fig-wort  Family. 


ERONICA  ARVENSIS,  or   Field  Veronica,  is   found   chiefly 

m  dry  fields  throughout  the  Northern  and  Middle  States.     It 

IS  a  small  plant,  from  two  to  six  inches  high,  with  pale  green 

foliage,   and    flowers  that    are    blue    in    color.      There   are    some 

■^  native    species    of  this    plant    that    flourish    only   in    the    black    and 

heavy  soil  of  wet  ditches.      A  variety  called  Spiked  Speedwell,  a  native 

of  Europe  and  Asia,  with  beautiful  blue  or  pink  flowers,  is  now  culti- 

\  ated    for   the    adornment  of  our    gardens.       It    is    supposed    by   some 

authorities  that  this  plant  was  named  in  honor  of  St.  Veronica.      The 

common    Speedwell    is    used    by  the    poorer    classes    in    Sweden    as   a 

substitute    for    tea,   the    true    Chinese    herb    being    probably   saved    for 

special  occasions.      Medicinally,  it  is  reputed  to  possess  properties  that 

are  sudorific,  diuretic,  tonic  and  expectorant. 


1[Emali|  ^[ibcllhi. 


0* 


Close  twisted 
Which  broken,  bi. 
Of  human  iov,  an 


ith  the  fibers 


AND  at  last  he  wakened  Irom  liis  sv 
■'  And  found  his  dear  bride  propping: 
And  chafing  his  pale  hands,  and  callir 
And  felt  the   warm   tears  fallinsj  on   hi: 


in  oft"  the  soul 


-roniig. 


to  his  own  heart,  "She  weeps  for  me:' 
lay  still,  and  feigned  himself  as  dead, 
might  prove  her  to  the  uttermost, 
to  his  own  heart,  "She  weeps  for  me.' 
—  Tennyson. 


te   th; 


thev 


QHOULD  I  change  my  allegiance  for  rancor, 
^   Tf  fni-tiinp  chansjes  her  side? 


If  fortun 
Or  should   I, 


anges 

ike  a  vessel  at  anchor 
the  turn  of  the  tide? 


— Proctor, 
Lift,  O  lift,  thou  lowering  sky, 

An  thou  wilt  thy  gloom   forego! 
An  thou  wilt  not,  he  and  I 

Need   not  part  for  drifts  of  snow. 

—  Jean  Ingelozw 


If 


'p%A6VW0xt. 


(SraiJcSCantia   DirgilUCa.      Natural  Order:   CofiimelynacciV—'Sfidcrrvort  Family. 


-AMED  after  John  Tradescant,  a  favorite  gardener  of  Charles  I. 
of  England,  and  after  his  son  of  the  same  name,  both  distin- 
guished botanists  and  travelers,  this  plant  is  familiarly  known 
as  the  Spiderwort.  It  is  a  common  plant,  with  coarse,  grass- 
T^-^"-^  like  leaves,  and  pretty  purple  or  rose-colored  flowers  of  a 
T-f  3O  delicate  texture.  It  is  almost  impossible  to  prepare  a  perfect 
specimen  for  the  herbarium,  as  the  least  pressure  discolors  and  withers 
its  petals  beyond  recognition.  The  stem  when  broken  discovers  a 
viscous  juice,  that  spins  out  like  a  spider's  silken  thread  as  the  parts 
are  separated,  thus  giving  it  its  common  appellation.  Tiie  Cleome 
pungens  has  also  been  sometimes  called  Spiderwort,  or  Spiderflower, 
but  belongs  to  the  Caper  Family,  and  is  a  tall,  showy,  biennial  plant. 
The  flowers,  which  bloom  in  racemes,  are  separately  rather  curious  in 
/i-  structure.  The  petals  are  mounted  on  threadlike  claws,  and  extending 
above  them,  about  twice  their  length,  are  the  six  stamens,  like  so  many 
legs  of  a  spider.  Cleome.,  from  the  Greek,  means  something  closed;  and  pungens, 
from  the  Latin,  signifies  piercing. 


BUT  I   forgot  the  parting  words  slie  said, 
So  much  they  thrilled  the  all-attentive  soul; 
For  one  short  moment  human  heart  and  head 

May  bear  such  bliss  —  its  present  is  the  whole; 
I  had  that  present,  till  in  whispers  fell 
With  parting  gesture  her  subdued  farewell. 

— 'Jean  hi^elow. 


■pLESSED,  thrice  blessed  days!  but  ah!  how  short! 

Bless'd  as  the  pleasing  charms  of  holv  men. 
But  fugitive,  like  those,  and  quickly  gone. 
O  slippery  state  of  things!     What   sudden  turns, 


What  strange  vicissitudes,  in  the  first  leaf 
Of  man's  sad  history!  today  most  happv: 
And,  ere  toinorrow's  sun  has  set,  most  abject! 
How  scant  the  space  betw^een  these  vast  extremes 


-Blair. 


^^- 


T^HE  spider's  most  attenuated  thread 

Is  cord  —  is  cable  —  to  man's  tender  tie 
On  earthly  bliss;  it  breaks  at  every  breeze. 
381 


1) 


^|iife««ard. 


1 


at  fifteen 


^Villiil   VtXl'ClllOSU.      Natural  Order:  Ara/iaciur  —  Ginseng  Family. 


"(JUND  chieHy  in  the  woods  of  the  Northern  States  and  Canada, 
this  plant  has  a  pleasant,  aromatic  root,  which   is   sometimes 
used  medicinally,  and  as  an  ingredient  in  some  manufactured 
be\eiages.      It  is  not  to  be  understood.  howe\-er.  that  this  is 
the  tiue  Spikenard  (sometimes  called  Nardt  so  highly  spoken 
'^    ^   ol    m   Scripture,  which   is    supposed   to  belong   to  India,  as 
^    onl\    an   inferior   kind   is   found   in   Palestine.      It   has   an   aro- 
matic snull.  and  is  a  t"a\'orite  article  of  perfume  in  Thibet  and  Nepaul. 
It  IS  said  to  grow  in  large  tufts,  rising  upward  like  grass,  and  forms 
an   article  ot    considerable   traffic   in   Egypt  and  Turkey.      It   is   from 
this  jilant  that  the  highly-precious,  odoriferous  ointment  is  made,  and 
a  box   containing   a   pound,  in   the   time   of  our   Saviour,  was   valued 
at  more  than  three  hundred  pence,  or  denarii,  a  Roman  coin,  which, 
cents  each,  amounted  to  about  tbrtv-five  dollars. 


nil 


T  TE  that  neglects  a  blessing,  though  he  want 

A  present  knowledge  how  to  use  it, 
Neglects  himself.  —Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 


AND 

A    F,., 


not  sure  so  full  a  benefit, 
Freely  to  give  as  freely   to  require; 
A  bounteous  act  hath  glory   following  it, 
They  cause  the  glory   that  tlie  act  des; 
— Lady  Carer. 

'O  meditate,  t( 

Which  in  its 
Reward  of  good, 


'T"0  brag  of 
^    Doth  maki 


benefits  one  hath  bestown. 


ie  the  best  seen 
So  oftentimes  the  greatest  c 
Is  by  the  doer  made  an  inji 


less,  and  most  seem 
lurtesy  [none; 


T' 


IV/riND  despatch'd  upon  the  busy  toil,  [soi 

-Should  range  where  Providence  has  bles; 
Visiting  every  flow'r  with  Labor  meet. 
And  gathering  all  her  treasures  sweet  bv  s« 


plan,  resolve,  perform, 

f  is  good  —  as  svu-ely  brings 

o  matter  what  be  done. 

—Pal /net. 

•She  should  imbue  the  tongue  with  what  she  sips, 
the     And  shed  the  balmy  blessing  on  the  lips, 

That  good  diffus'd  may  more  abundant  grow. 
And  speech  may  praise  the  pow'r  that  bids  it  flow. 


-Cou'pel 


=^ 


r 


^TlbicS   uilira.      Natltkal  Order:    Conif era;— Pine  Family. 


PRUCE  is  the  name  applied  by  Linnaeus  to  all  of  the  species 

comprehended  under  the  genus  Abies,  but   later  botanists  make 

a  somewhat  diflerent  classification.     Spruces,  tirs,  pines,  balsams 

and    hemlocks    are    all    closely  allied.      This   variety   of   Spruce 

is    an    inhabitant    of   the    northern    part    of   the  United    States, 

where  it  attains  the   altitude   of  sevent}-  and   sometimes  eighty 

feet,    rearing    upward    a    towering,    pyramidal    head.      Some    of  the 

mountain  forests  in  tlie  colder  latitudes  are  almost  wholl}-  composed 

of  it.      The    trunk    is    straight;    the  wood    is    light,   yet    strong    and 

elastic,  and  is  employed  many  ways  in  architecture,  but  is  not  as  \-al- 

uable  as  the  White   Spruce.     The  essence  is  produced   by  boiling  the 

tops  of  the  Abies  nigra  in  water,  then  concentrating  by  evaporation. 


\' 


■A\. 


.\REWELL,  then,  thou 
Too  deeply,  too  blindly 


led  one  —  O,  loved  but  too 
■  language  to  tell ! 

—C/,ar/es  F,i. 


,ell, 


>AREWELL, 


Witness  of  many  a  calm  and  happy  day; 
And  thou,  fair  eminence,  upon  whose  brow 


Dwells  the  last 


of  the  ev 


mg 


Farewell!  Mine  eyes  no  longer  shall  pursue 
The  westering  sun  beyond  the  utmost  height. 
When  slowly  he  forsakes  the  fields  of  light. 

PAREWELL!     : 

-'■     That  may  conve\-   n 

liriTH  that  wringing  my  hand  he  turns  away; 
'  *     And  tho'  his  tears  would  hardly  let  him  look. 
Yet  such  a  look  did  through  his  tears  make  wav 
As  show'd  how  sad  a  tarewell  there  he  took. 


Hnff,„„„. 

AND  now  farewell,  farewell !   I  dare  not  lengthen 
These  sweet  moments  out;  to  gaze  on  thee 
Is  bliss  indeed,  yet  it  but  serves  to  strengthen 

The  love  that  now  amounts  to  agon3-; 
This  is  our  last  farewell.  _  i/r..   Wetbv 


to  toi-get. 


-Du,M. 


Farewell,  thou  canst  not  tea 

ill  omit  no  opportunity 
my  greetings,  love,  to  thee. 

—  Sliahespeare, 

'T'HEN  came  the  parting   hour,  and  what  arise 
When  lovers  part  —  expressive  looks,  and  eyes 
Tender  and  teartul  —  many  a  fond  adieu. 
And  many  a  call  the  sorrow  to  renew. 

—  Crabbe. 


J^Ife^Sr 


If 


Stapelia   bufonia.      Natural  Order:  Asc/cpiadacar — Milkzveed  Family. 


f()H\  BOD.^US  STAPEL,  a  renowned  physician  of  Amsterdam, 
^^  has  the  posthumous  honor  of  being  remembered  in  this  plant. 
The  Stapelia  has  the  appearance  of  a  species  of  cactus,  although 
'  <  It  belongs  to  another  tamily  of  plants.  It  is  fleshy  and  branching, 
without  foliage,  and  the  flowers  are  among  the  most  curious. 
Hefoie  bursting,  the  bud  is  somewhat  similar  in  appearance  to  a 
large  button  with  tive  sides,  and  is  attached  to  a  short  stem.  It 
IS  of  a  bronzed  or  reddish  green  hue,  but  when  fully  open  the 
I.  ah  \  spreads  out  its  five  points  in  the  shape  of  a  star  about  two 
iMcliLS  broad,  and  forms  part  of  the  flower,  having  the  appearance 
of  being  lined  with  a  dappled  maroon  and  velvety  surface  full  of 
line  wrinkles.  In  the  center  stands  the  corolla,  like  a  ring,  short 
and  fleshy,  and  of  the  same  color.  It  has  a  rather  unpleasant 
not  perceptible  unless  inhaled  intentionally.  The  se\'eral  varieties 
are  natives  of  South  Africa;  and  bufonia,  from  the  Latin  d/i/'o,  a  toad,  distin- 
guishes this  variety,  because  of  its  resemblance  to  that  reptile. 


odor 


icli 


ifffltS^, 


\LL'  .S  not  offense  tha 
■^  *•   And  dotage  terms  s 

T  F  my  offense  be  of  such  mortal  kind. 

That  neither  service  past,  nor  present  sorro\\-s. 
Nor  purpos'd  merit  in  liiturity, 
Can  ransom  me  into  his  love  again, 

T  WISH  I  could  s.iv 
A  Tell  me,  what  hav, 
Forijive  me,  let  it  he 


IITHAT  is  my  offense? 
••    Where  is  the  evidence  that  doth  accus 


indiscretion  finds, 

—  Shnkespear.: 
But  to  know  so  must 
So  shall   I  clothe  me 
And  shut  myself  up  i 
To  fortune's  alms. 


le  my   benefit; 
I  a  forced  content, 
some  other  course 
—  Shakesp,-nr 


What  lawful  quest  have  given   their 
Unto  the  frowning  judge.' 


"  Dear  friend, 
I  done? 
.ow  at  an  end." 

^Wm.  W.  Story. 

OE  not  too  ready   to  condemn 

The  wrongs  thy  brothers  may  hav 
Ere  ye  too  harshly  censure  them 
For  human  faults,  ask,  "Have   I   none? 


-Eliiu  Cook. 


w 


k 


^tuv  'g"lfltticr. 


Sabbatia   bracljiata.      Natural  Oudek:   GcntianacciC  — Gentian  Family. 


,''"-,^F  the  Sabbatias  (so  called  in  honor  of  the  Italian  botanist  Sab- 
bati)  there  are  several  varieties,  and  although  but  few  have 
found  their  way  into  cultivation,  j-et  they  deserve  to  be  classi- 
L  lied  among  our  most  beautiful  native  plants.  The  Star  Flower, 
^x'''^  one  of  the  species,  is  found  quite  abundantly  on  dr\-  prairies 
^^  in  several  of  our  Western  and  Southern  States.  The  stem  is 
::  .ibout  a  foot  high,  with  lance-linear  leaves.  The  blossoms  are  varied 
^j  in  different  individual  plants.  Sabbatia  brachiata  has  flowers  of  a 
delicate  rose-purple,  with  a  yellow  star,  which  is  bordered  with  green; 
~  and  Sabbatia  stellaria  is  rose-color,  the  star  of  which  is  bordered  with 
-  red.  It  is  to  this  family  that  the  plants  belong  from  which  the  medical 
Ij  remedy  known  as  gentian  is  obtained,  the  properties  being  both  tonic 
and  febrifugal. 


1|^£tip0n|^. 


lET  us  lov. 


AND  many  hours  we  talked  in  joy. 
Yet  too  much  blessed  for  lausrht 


\    in   this  uur  fairest  youth, 
in  find  a  full  and   fond   retui 
—Percira/. 


r)E  thine  the  more  refined  dehghts, 
Of  love,  that  banishes  control, 


I  was  a  happy  man  that 
And.  happy  ever  after. 


lay,  When  the  fond  heart  with  heart  unites, 

— .!/■»■.<.  rro-"iii.  And  soul   in   unison   with   soul. 

—Cart-nrighl. 
AND  canst  thou   not  accord   th\    heart 
^    In  unison  with  mine  — 
Whose  language  thou  alone  hast  heard. 
Thou  only  canst  di\-ine.-         —RufusDa-.^,:.-,. 


■\TrHICH   is   that  this  of  all   men  on  ear 
Doth  love  me  well  enough  to  count  m 
To   think  my  soul  and  his  of  equal  girth 
O   liberal  estim.-ite! 


.\nd  yet  it  is  so;  he  is  bound  to  me. 

For  human  love  makes  aliens  near  of  kin; 
By  it  I  rise,  there  is  equality; 

I  rise  to  thee,  my  twin.  —'Jeaii  higelam. 


W 


HERE   heart 
Each  other's 

meets   he; 
pillow  to 

rt   reciprocally  soft, 
repose  divine. 

2S5 

l\ 


M^ 


Star  0f  getWjeliem. 

(Oniitl)Ot\aluiU    lllllbcllatUin.       Natlhai,  Ordkk:   Liliacccc  —  JJIy  Family. 


ENTIONED    by  Pliny,  author   ot"  a   Natural    History,  who 
flourished    a.   u.    77,    the    Ornithogalum    has    given    rise    to 
^c^  much    comment    as    to    the    origin    ot'   its    name.      It    is 
deri\ed  from  two  Greek   words,  ornithoi.  a  hird.  and  iiahi. 
milk  —  a  most  singular  combination,  sureh':  and  we  cannot 
•  '   help  suggesting  the  following  theoiy:     The  Greeks   had  a 
]init\    and    poetic   conceit,  that  in   spring  a   certain  wind   blew,  and 
with  it  brought  the  birds  of  passage  to  gladden  their  bowers  with 
song,  and  this  wind  the}^  named  ornifJiias,  or  bird-wind.      Now  the 
Star  of  Bethlehem  blooms  in  April  and  May,  about  the  tinie  of  the 
\  birds'  return,  thus   poetically  is   seen  a  flower  greeting  the  birds:  a 
flower,    too,    which    is    of   an    opaque    white,    or    milk    color.      The 
English    name   is    from   the   shape  of  the   blossom.      The   bulbs   fre- 
quently attain  a  great  size. 


I^jtantilialion* 


I 


"VTOR   did   he  doubt  lier  mo 

e. 

^^    But   rested   in   lier  fcaltv. 

till  he  crowned 

A   happy    lilc  Avitli   a  fair  death.             -T,„„yso 

TT7HOM  but  Maud  si 
'  *   .\nd  she  touched  m 

ould    I    meet-                              ^ 
■  hand  with  a  smile  so  sweet       *  * 

ELL  do  vanish 

The  charms  ol 

She  made  me  divine  an 

lends                                               And 

dearer  seems  e: 

For  a  courtesy   not  rcti 

I    WOULD  have  my   love 
^      Angry  sometimes,  to  swee 

laving  lost  its  1 

ten  otf  the  rest 

or  her  behavior. 

-Be,  7o» 

'<   AND  didst  flwH 
^   And   /    did   n 

«eei-. 

She  called  t 

ot   console.' 

Our  spirits  rush 

hed  together,  glad 
And  swift  as   llame  to  tiame. 


386 


Dora  Greenwell, 


r 


^1 


^ragarta   UCSCa.      Natural  Ordek:  Rosacece  —  Rose  Family. 


\  ER  welcome  to  our  tables,  the  Sti 
mobt  abundant  and  best  known  i 


ibei'i 


•y  is  one  ot  the  earliest. 

fruits,  and  requires  but 

little  description   or   commentary.      We   ha\e   many  \arieties 

ot    this  plant   growiny  wild   in    meadows   and   on  the    hillsides 

thioughout    the    United    States    and    British    America.      The 

Alpine  or  English  Strawberry  is   found  chiefly  in   cultivation. 

Iiuit   IS   conical,  scarlet,   and   fragrant,   and   gleams    brightly  amidst 

Its  tuple    k  i\es.      \\'e  are   indebted   to  this  order  of  plants  for  a  great 

\  uiet\    ol  oui    fruits,  nanieh',  the  peach,  pear,  apricot,  apple  and  cherry, 

as  well  as  the   blackberry  and  various  raspberries.      The  Strawberry  is 

peculiai,    in    having    its    seeds    on    the    outside    of    the    fruit,    instead    of 

being   suiiounded  by  the  pulp. 


'T*HY    puriKjse  firm   is  eqiKil   to  the  dct 
Who  does  the  best  his  circumstance 


;insels  could 


illow 
lo  more. 


TJOWE'ER   it  be.  it  seems  to  me 
'Tis  oiilv  noble  to  be  <;ood; 


Kind   h. 


s  are  more  than  coronets, 
nple  laitb  than   Norman  blood. 


T^HE   words  which  thou  h 

'^     .\re  of  thy   soul  a  part; 

.\nd  the  good  seed  thou  ha; 

Is  springing  in  my   heart 


scatter'd 
—  WhiUicr. 


H' 


E   was   too  good  to  be 
Where  ill   men  were;  and  was  best  of  all 
.\mongst  the  r;u"est  ol  good  onc-^.  Shaf^f-f^f-inf. 


qPHEN  preach'd  the  bumble  .Strawberry.     Behold 

The  lowliest  and  least  adorn'd  of  flowers 
Lies  at  thy  feet;  yet  lift  my  leafy  fold, 

And  fruit  is  there  unfound  in  gaudier  bowers. 


4 


So  plain   be  thou  and   nice 

.\nd  when   \  ain  man  shall 

L'nveil   the  blooming  tr\iit  of 

M\    heart 
t,  the  perfect   shape. 


(^»;\3 — Mj-i^ 


.^mm^cli. 


lil)US   aroiliatita.      Natural  Ouder:  Anacardiacecc  —  Stimach  Family. 


^Ff  rXOWN  tamiliarly  as  Sumach,  the  Rhus  aromatica  is  a  pretty 
shrub  from  two  to  six  feet  high,  growing  on  open  lands  in 
L'anada  and  the  United  States,  sometimes  covering  acres  of 
i; round  if  left  unmolested.  The  flowers  are  yellowish,  and  are 
lather  unattracti\e  in  comparison  with  the  berries  when 
lipened,  which  look  like  so  many  crimson  plumes  waving  in 
\W.  They  possess  an  acid  taste,  and  are  not  poisonous.  The 
Venetian  Sumach  is  said  by  Nuttall  to  grow  plentifully  in  Arkansas. 
The  Italians  use  it  in  preparing  leather.  Among  other  species  of  the 
Sumach  are  the  Rhus  glabra,  the  bark  of  which  maj'  be  used  in  tan- 
ning, and  the  berries  to  create  a  dye;  the  Rhus  typhina,  the  wood  of 
which  is  aromatic,  and  produces  a  yellow  dye;  and  the  Poison  Sumach, 
the  appearance  of  which  is  similar  to  the  above,  except  that  it  is  perhaps 
larger  and  inhabits  swampy  places.  It  is  intensely  poisonous,  even  to  the  touch, 
and  sometimes  imparts  its  pernicious  influence  to  the  surrounding  atmosphere. 


^phnb0j|. 


PLORAL  apostles!  that  in  dewy  splendor 

*■      Weep  without  sin  and  blush  without  a  crime, 

O,  may   I  deeply  learn  and  ne'er  surrender 

Your  love   sublime!  —Horace Smith. 


'T'HE  bright  sun  compacts  the  precious  s 
Imparting  radiant  luster  like  his  own; 
He  tinctures  rubies  with  their  rosy  hue, 
And  on   the  sapphire  spreads  a  heavenly  b 


■pRIGHT  and  glorious  is  that  revelation 
^  Writ  all  over  this  great  world  of  ours 
Making  evident  our  own  creation, 

In  these  stars  of  earth,  these  golden  flowers 
— Loti^fe/lozv. 


mh 


AND  wide  a  splendor  streamed  through  all  the  sky; 
^       O'er  sea  and  land  one  soft,  delicious  blush. 
That  touched  the  gray  rocks  lightly,  tenderly; 

A   transitory   flush.  -Celia  Tlmxter. 

288 


li 


Gatuviia   l)Crtcnsis.      Natlkal  Order:  Labiat^c—Miiit  Family. 


T\LY  is  the  native  seat  ot"  the  Satureja.  It  belongs  to  a 
^X^  lamilv  of  highly  aromatic,  pungent  herbs,  most  members  of 
^  ^hfvgr  \\hi(.h  are  very  useful  to  mankind  for  their  tonic  and  tebri- 
*T^ ->  tui;  il  |iruperties.  Several  of  them — as  the  thyme,  sage,  the 
*^^mu)oram  and  tiie  Summer  Savory — are  cultivated  as  herbs, 
and  are  used  for  seasoning  soups,  or  for  dressing  ot  fowls 
and  other  meats.  There  is  a  species  sometimes  found  natixe  in  the 
Western  States,  but  it  is  considered  a  rare  plant,  and  is  perhaps  the 
Satuieia  run  wild.  The  name  sa\ors  of  the  Satyrs,  a  class  of  beings 
m  Gieek  mxthology  that  apparently  represented  the  luxuriant  vital 
poweis  of  nature. 

APPLAUSE  waits  on  success;   the  tickle  multitude. 
^  Like  the  light  straw  that  float,  along  th 


Glide  with  the 


stream, 
ent  still,  and   follow  fortune. 


■pvWELLS  within  the  soul  of  every  artist 

More  than  all  his  efforts  can  express, 
And   he  know-s  the  best  remains  unuttered, 
Sighing  at  what  we  call  success. 

—Adelaide  A.  Proclor. 


TT  is  success  that  colors  all  in  life;  [honest. 

Success   makes   fools   admired,   makes   villains 
All  the  proud  virtue  of  this  vaunting  world 
F~awns   on   success   and   power,  howe'er  acquired. 
TI,o,„p.:^n. 


LS  not  in  mortals  to  command  success. 
But  we  '11  do  more,  .Sempronius,  we  "11  des 


OUCCESS.  the  mark   no  mortal   wit, 
^    Or  surest  hand,  can   alw.ivs  hit; 
For,  whatsoe'er  we  perpetrate. 
We  do  but  row,  we  're  steer'd  b\-   fate. 


■£  without  success 


■\nRTL- 

Is  a  fair  picture  shown  bv  an  ill   light; 


But  luckv   men  are  favorites  of  he 


vns  (he  cause. 
—Drydeu. 


QMILE  and   we  smile,  the   lords  of  many   lands: 
^   Frown  and   we  -mile,   the   lords  of  our  own   hands; 
For  man   i-   niaji  and   master  of  hi-  fate.  -Tenii) 

2S9 


1 


S^mmflipw^r. 


C)cliantl}us  aiuiuus.     N. 


CoMpos/'fce  —  Aster  Family. 


ITERALL\      Helianthus,   from   two  Greek   words,   lielios,   the 

sun     md   (iiil/ids.   a   flower,   denotes   Sunflower.     The   common 

\  uiLt\    IS     I    nati\e    of   South   America,   and    is    probably   the 

lai<;e&t  ot  the  species,  for  it  towers  sometimes  to  the  height 

ol    htteen    feet,   with    a    stalk    as    large   as    a    man's  wrist. 

This   giovvth    depends   on    the   character  of  the   soil,  as  a 

pooi    soil  dwarth   and  diminishes   its   stature.      The   flowers  are  yellow. 

uid    lu    ti  equenth    the   size  of   a    large   dinner    plate.      The   seeds   are 

\ei\    iich    uid  oih      md  are  sometimes  used   like  almonds  for  preparing 

p    soothing   emulsions.       In   Europe  a   sort  of  bouillon  is  made  of  them  for 

infants,  and   in  Portugal   they  are  ground    into   meal   for  bread,  and  are 

sometimes  used  in  the  same  way  by  our  own  American  Indians.     They 

are  also  said   to  be  used   as  a   substitute   for  coftee.      The  oil   is    nearly 

equal  to  olive  oil,  and   the  stems   are  useful   as   food   for  cattle  and  also 

It    has   been   asserted  that  if  the    seeds   are   planted   around   a  dwelling 

act  as  a  pre\'enti\'e  of  fevers,  by  absorbing  the  malaria. 


)RIDE  of  the  garden,  the  beauteous,  the  regal, 
The  crown'd  with  a  diadem  burning  in  gold ; 
iltan  ot"  flowers,  as  the  strong  pinioned  eagle 
.\nd    lord   ot"  the   t"ore*t   their   wide  emiiire   hold. 


'pHERE  is  a  region  loftier  far 

Than  sages  know  or  poets  sing  — 
Brighter  than  summer's  beauties  are, 
.And  sot"ter  than   the  tints  of  spring. 


There  is  a  world  with  blessings  blest, 
Bevond  what  prophet's  e'er  foretold; 

Nor  might  the  tongue  of  angel  guest 
A  picture  of  that  world   unfold. 


TOOK  past  yon  hills,  whose  crest  bright  sunned   is 
'-'   With  the  last  fond  glance  that  the  dead  dav  gives; 
Up !  let  the  voice  of  thy  Di;  Profundis 

Thrill   to  those  courts   where  no  soi-row  live*! 

-Barton  Grey. 
290 


as 


^weet  ^lafl. 


1 


^rcirus  calamus.     N. 


Arum  Famih'. 


E  \RLY   evervwliere   in  low,   wet  soils  throughout   the   United 

\    Stales,  the  Sweet  Flag,  or  Calamus  Root,  as  it  is  sometimes 

^  called,    may   be    found,   the    grouping    of  its    swordlike    leaves 

adding    variety   to    the    surrounding    landscape.      The    root    is 

.•^  thick    and    branching,    creeping    along    through    the    watery 

^^'^  bt)il   like   so    many  reaching    lingers.      It    is    highly  aromatic 

^   to  the   taste,  and   is  often   used   medicinally  as  a   mild  stimulant  and 

tonic,    being    highly    spoken    of  by    some    physicians    as    a    valuable 

g'   ingredient   in    ague   remedies.      The   name   Acorus    is    thought  to  be 

derived  from  the  Greek  korc,  pupil  of  the  eye,  because  of  supposed 

value  as    an   eve-salve;   and   the    Latin  word   calaiiius  means  a  reed. 

Among  the  Turks,  who  are   said  to  consume  immense  quantities  of 

^"  all  kinds   of  sweetmeats,   it   is  very  popular    as   a   confection,   it    being 


■r   prepared  by  a  coating  of  sugar. 


l[iinnss. 


/^N  hanging  cobwebs  shone  the  dew, 
^  And  thick  the  wayside  clovers  grew; 
The  feeding  bee  had  much  to  do, 

So  fast  did  honey  drops  exude: 
She  sucked  and  murmured,  and  was  gon 
And  lit  on  other  blooms  anon, 
The  while  I  learned  a  lesson  on 

The  source  and  sense  of  quietude. 


A  CLOUD  lav  cradled  near  the  setting  sui 
■^  A  gleam  of  crimson  tinged  its  braided  s 
Long  had  I  watched  the  glory  moving  on 

O'er  the  still  radiance  of  the  lake  below. 

Tranquil  its  spirit  seemed,  and  floated  slow! 

Even  in  its  very  motion  there  was  rest; 

While  everv  breath  of  eve  that  chanced  to  t 


— 'Jean  In^elow. 

Wafted  the  traveler  to  the  beauteous  west. 
Emblem,  methought,  of  the  departed  soul! 

To  whose  white  robe  the  gleam  of  bliss  is  giver 
.\nd  by  the  breath  of  mercy  made  to  roll 

Right  onward  to  the  golden  gates  of  heaven 
Where  to  the  eye  of  faith  it  peaceful  lies. 
And  tells  to  man  his  glorious  destinies. 

—  John  Wilson. 


f 


ftw;C.ct  l^otuio. 


Xatlral  Crder 


-Couyohw,//is  Fatiiilv. 


.  1  \T  \S.  or  Swet-t  Potatu,  i.s  nalive  to  both  the  East  and 
\\  est  Indies,  and  onh'  within  a  recent  period  has  the  cuiti- 
\  itioii  ot'  the  tubers  been  attempted  save  in  tropical  countries 
oi  tht  more  remote,  \\arni  parts  ot"  our  Southern  States. 
Lttteih'.  lio\\-e\er,  thev  ha\e  been  introduced  into  the  Mid- 
dle States,  ^\llere  thev  ha\e  been  successfully  grown  by  first 
u  tin<(  tlie  plants  in  hotbeds,  and  then  transplanting  them  to 
the  soil  m  which  the\-  ai-e  to  grow.  The  potatoes  are  protected  in  dry 
sand  during  winter.  The  tubers  are  pointed,  sweet  and  nourishing. 
The  stem  is  prostrate  and  creeping,  producing  purple  or  white  flowers, 
campanulate  in  shape,  and  sometimes  ijuite  show}-.  For  mere  pleasure 
it  can  be  grown  in  the  house  by  placing  a  tuber  in  a  vessel  partly  filled 
with  water,  when  it  will  reward  the  cultivator  with  several  quite  pretty 
and  lengthy  vines.  If  the  first  should  decay  before  sprouting,  it  could  easily  be 
replaced  until  success  crowned  perse^•erance. 


T" HOUGH  gay  as  mirth,  a<  curious  thoughts  sedate; 
^    As  elegance  polite,  as  power  elate; 
Profound  as  reason,  and  as  justice  clear; 

.Soft  as  fompassion.   \  et  as  truth   se^'ere.       —Sa-.a^,\ 


CANNOT  soar  into  the  heights   xou  -ho- 

Nor  dive  among  the  deeps  that  you  re\  er 

It  it  is  much  that  high  things  are  to  knov 

That  deep  things  are  to  I'eel. 


QHE   was  the  pride 

^     Ot"  her  familiar  spliere  — the  daily  joy 
Of  all   who  on  her  gracefulness  might  gaze, 
And  in   the  light  and  music  of  her  way 
Ha\  e  a  companion's  portion.        —Willis. 


"V'\-    \uurs,   not    mine,  to  pluck    out   of  yom"   hre 
.Some  human  truth,  whose  workings  reconili 
Were  unattired  in  words,  and  manifest, 
.\nd  hold  it  t'orth  to  light. 


QT.VNF)   tree  and   fa 
"-^  .\nd  judge  him  by 


more  than  what  you  ki 
Ingeniously,  and  by  the  right-laid  line 
Of  truth,  he  truly  will  all  styles  deserve. 
Of  wise,  good,   just:    a  man  both   soul  and   r.cr\" 

—  Sl,irh-v. 

293 


=^^3 


)mtii^t  Sitdtnn, 


^ 

{i 


^mbcrboa   IUOSli)ata.       Xati-kal  Order:     Coiiiposit.e— Aster  Family. 


N-^'-  I  LER.  quaint  and   isolated,  but  sunny  Persia,  is   the   native 
V\  \       land  of  this   plant,  while   others   ot"  the   same   species   are 
.1  ^.-r  nati\  es  of  the  countries  bordering  on    the    Mediterranean. 
sj  '  /\y )     'l'h«\    are   all    handsome    annuals,    of  easy   cultivation,    pro- 
■r^-^A^  -.     ducing  purple,  white,  or  vellow  flowers,  which  are  endowed 
"    with  a   slight  odor  of  musk.      The}'  are   about   a   foot   and 
ilf  high,  and  are  most  excellent  for  planting  in  mixed  borders, 
mg    floweis  during  the  whole   summer,  which    reward  the  culti- 
vator with  their  perfume,  and   an   abundant   supply  for  bouquets  and 
decorations. 


l[flitii^» 


A" 


VND  niav  the  stream  of  thv  maturing  lite 
Forever  flow,  in  blissful  sunlight  through 
A  fairv  scene  with  gladsome  beauty  rife, 
Ar.  e\  er  greeted  the  enraptur'd  view ! 


/^Ii;  happy  pair,  to  e' 
"    For  \ou  may  life' 


For  vou  its  roses  bloom  without  a  thorn. 
And  bright  as  morning  shine  its  eveni 


every  blessing  born!  AT^    '"^  ''" 

s  calm  stream  unruffled  run!  ^    When  t 

out 

ine 

M 


s  been  like  summer  ! 

they  are  fair  to  view, 

But  there  never  vet  were  hearts  o 


-R.  T.  Pa 


Clouds  might  not  wander  through. 

—.Vrs.  L.  P.  Smith. 


W  hope  not  too  deceptive  prov 
M.-i\-  sweet  contentment  round   ■ 
.Such  bliss  as  niav  be  found  below! 


AXD   I  was  gl.id  that  night, 
■^       Witli  no  reason  readv. 


To  giie  my  own  heart  for  its  deep  delight 


?^ 


That  flowed  like  some  tidal  eddy. 
Or  shone  like  a  star  that  was  rising  bright 
With  comforting  radiance  steady. 

— 'jean  Ingelow. 

a  spell  in  every  flower  — 
eetness  in  each  spray: 
And  e\erv  simple  bird  has  power 
To  please  me  with  its  lay! 

—A  line  Pevre  Dhmies. 

-93 


'T>HERE  is 
^     A  sweetr 


I 


■^m. 


DiantljUS    barbatUS.       Natural  Order:    CaiyophyllaceLV—  Pink  Family. 


'ALLED    Dianthus,    or    flower    of  Jove,   b}'    the    Greeks,    the 

Sweet    William    still    stands    preeminent    among    the    flowers 

.  which  deck   the   garden.     Although   it   be  surrounded   by  the 

modern    pinks    and    carnations,    flaunting    their    beauty    with 

^  I     high-sounding    names,    it    deserves    cherishing    as    an    antique 

rstilEW^    plant,  as  well  as   for   its  sportive  varietj\      Many  species  ol" 

tin-    Dianthus    are    natives   of    Oriental   countries,    and   their   colors   are 

superb,  attesting  the  warmth  of  the  Eastern  climates,  where  nature  is 

brilliant   in    her   tints.      This    species,  sometimes    familiarly  called   Bunch 

Pink,  and  some  other  varieties,  are  natives  of  Europe. 


^IraljigciiL 


A' 


To 


ND  mar  your  plot!     No;  I'm  too  bold  for  that; 
threw  him  ofT  the  scent,  and  ran  with  speed 


seno]-,  how  to  take  the  man. 


XiriTH  bended  bow  and  quiver  full  of  arrows, 

Hovered  about  the  enemy,  and  marked 
The  road  he  took,  then  hastened  to  my  friends, 
Whom,  with  a  troop  of  fifty  chosen  men, 
I   met  advancing;.      The  pursuit  I   led, 

*HE  maid  shakes  her  head,  on   he 

Steals  up  from  her  seat  —  longs 

A  frightened  glance  turns  to  her  dro 

Puts  one  foot  on  the  stool,  spins  the 


-Georgf  H.  Boker. 
Till   we  o'ertook  the  spoil  encumbered  foe. 
Wc  tbuglit  and  conquered.    Ere  a  sword  was  drawn 
An  arrow  from  nn   bow  had  pierced  their  chief. 
Who  wme  that  day  the  arms  which  now  I  wear. 
—yo/tn  Home. 


'T'HE  maid  shakes  her  head,  on   her  lips  lavs  her  fingers 

y  grandmother, 
heel  Avitb  the  other. 
Lazily,  easily,  swings  no\v  the  wheel  roimd; 
Slowly  and  lowly  is  heard  now  the  reel's  sound; 
Noiseless  and  light  to  the  lattice  above  her 
The  maid  steps  —  then  leaps  to  the  arms  of  her  lover. 
Slower  — and  slower  —  and  slower  the  wheel  swings: 
Lower  —  and  lower  —  and  lower  the  reel  rings; 
Ere  the  reel  and  the  wheel  stop  their  ringing  and  moving. 
Through   the  grove  the  young  lovers  by  moonlight  are  rov 


-'yoiiJi  Fraliris 


'^fer 


294 


^m 


i 


T 


^^€mtn0vt. 


JplatamiS   Orcibcutalis.       Natural  Order:   Plataiiacece  —  Plane -Tree  Family. 


NL  of  the  largest  trees  in  American  forests  is  the  S}-camore 
oi  Buttonwood  tree,  which  grows  to  a  prodigious  size.  It  is 
found  most  frequently  on  the  banks  of  some  of  the  large  western 
luii^  and  on  the  margins  of  many  of  the  smaller  streams,  where 
tht.  trunk  attains  a  not  unusual  circumference  of  fifty  feet. 
^?^  Along  the  entire  course  of  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  rivers, 
extensn  e  foi  ests  of  it  abound,  and  no  sooner  does  a  bar  of  sand  or  an 
island  m  ikt  itself  seen  above  the  surface  of  the  fickle  tide,  than  it  is 
(.o\<.iLd  is  it  by  magic  with  a  growth  of  Sycamore  saplings  that  in  a 
tew  vears  develop  into  mighty  trees.  Its  rapid  growth  is  its  chief 
recommendation,  as  its  wood  is  sott  and  of  no  great  utility.  Its  ample 
tbliage  makes  a  very  desirable  shade,  and  it  thrives  under  circumstances 
to  which  manv  other  trees  succumb. 


^^h^^ 


m^^^ 


l[ijahbnb  ^muKx^. 


YCAMORE  «ith  egla 
A   heiiiji'  .about   the  sic 


[    KNOW  a  forest  vast  and  old — 

.\  sli.ide  so  deep,  so  darkly  green, 
rhat  morning  sends  her  shaft  of  gold 
In   vain  to  pierce  its  leat\    screen: 


;is  spread, 
ivering  overhead. 
—Drydeti. 

o\v  a  brake  where  sleep> 
he  soft-eved  fawn,  tliro' 
noon  with  all  the  calm  i 
ies  hushed   heneatli  thos, 


boughs 
'h  May. 


T 


HE  rich,  deep 
Hang  heavv   v 


ith  the  fullness 


VrOISELESSLY  around. 

From  perch  to  perch,  the  solil 


bird 


Passes ;  and  yon  clear  spring  that,  niid.st  its  herbs. 
Wells  softly  forth  and  wandering  steeps  the  roots 
Of  half  the  mighty  forest,  tells  no  tale 


Of  all   the  good  it  does.     Thou  hast  not  left 
Thyself  without  a  witness,  in  these  shades. 
Of  thy  perfections.     Grandeur,  strength  and  grace 
.\re  here  to  speak  of  thee. 

-WillMm  Cullfti  Brvanl. 


^ 


'firtm§a. 


Pi)ila^clpl)US   roronavius.       Natirai.  Order:   Saxifi-agacece— Saxifrage  Family. 


^^'?/^^jO*^HIS  show}'  shrub  is  one  of  several  bearing  the  same  cogno- 
^>r^  ^r^  ![  I  nien,  the  classic  name  of  which  was  bestowed  in  honor  of 
Ptolem«us  Philadelphus,  an  ancient  king  of  Egypt,  and  the 
lounder  of  the  celebrated  Alexandrian  library.  In  early  sum- 
mer it  is  a  handsome  object,  and  is  an  addition  to  any  land- 
'^  scape  when  covered  by  the  creamy-white  flowers  that  adorn 
ii^  stems  and  burden  the  air  with  their  honeyed  fragrance,  the  odor 
nt  which  is  similar  to  the  orange  blossom,  whence  it  is  sometimes 
I  died  Mock-Orange.  It  is  a  native  of  Europe,  but  has  been  very 
man}  }ears  naturalized  in  America.  Cultivated  on  the  lawn,  its 
blanches  sway  in  graceful  luxuriance:  but  if  space  is  an  object,  it 
w  ill  allow  itself  to  be  trained  against  a  wall,  and  withhold  not  its 
ibundant  bloom.  Another  variety,  called  Philadelphus  grandiflorus, 
IS  \er}   similar  in  appearance,  but  the  flowers  are  odorless. 


/^H!  friends  regretted,  scenes  fore\'er  dear, 
^^   Remembrance  hails  jou  with  her  warmest  tear! 
Drooping  she  bends  o'er  pensive  Fancy's  urn, 
To  trace  the  hours  which  never  can  return. 


"IITE  will  revive  those  times,  and  in  our  memories       Kindled 

Preserve,  and  still  keep  fresh,  like  flowers  in  water,    Sliot 
Those  happier  days;    when  at  our  eyes  our  souls  The\ 


nd 


il  fires,  their 
ill,  link'd  am 
■arts  togethe 


CANNOT  but  remember  such  things  were 
That   were  most  precious  to  me.  _  simkespei 


te 


;LL'D  in  the  countless  chambers  of  thi 
'Our  thoughts  arc  link'd  by  many  a  hidde 
,vake  but  one,  and  lo!  what  myriads  risi. 
ch  stamps  its  image  a>  tlie  other  flies! 


S'' 


296 


FILL  o'er  these   scenes   my  memory  wakes 
\nd  fondly  broods  with  wiser  care; 
le  but  the  impression  deeper  makes, 
\s  streams  their  channels  deeper  wear. 


,m 


(EanaCftuni   tmlqarc.      Natural  Order:    Compositcv  — Aster  Family. 


^MOTELY  derived,  perhaps,  from  the  Greek  athauasia.  im- 
mortal, because  ol'  its  durable  flowers,  the  common  Tans\'  is  an 
■  old-fashioned  plant  of  European  origin,  which  has  become 
naturalized  from  its  many  years'  residence.  It  has  a  peculiar 
aflinity  for  old  fence  corners  near  the  habitation  of  man, 
w  here  once  placed  it  grows  without  lurther  care  or  atten- 
The  leaves  are  beautifully  di\ided  and  subdivided.  The  flowers 
jellow.  The  whole  plant  is  pervaded  b}-  an  aroma  which  is 
intensel}-  bitter.  The  young  and  tender  leaves  are  used  for  flavoring 
some  articles  of  food,  such  as  cakes,  puddings  and,  for  epicures,  the 
omelet,  hi  some  parts  of  England  it  is  customary,  after  the  Good  Friday 
service,  for  the  clerk  of  the  parish  to  carry  to  every  house  white  tansy 
^jj'^  cakes  as  an  Easter  oflering,  for  which  each  householder  gives  him  a 
■"  iA  V  gratuity.  The  leaves  are  also  used  as  a  disinfectant,  and  among  Fin- 
landers  to  produce  a  green  dye.      The  essential  oil  is  \erv  poisonous. 


II.V^tE   on  those  breasts  of  stone,   tli.it  cmnot  melt 
In  sott  adoption  ot"  another's  sorrow!  —Aaron  Hill. 


QHE  was  a  careless,  tearless  girl, 
*^    And  made  her  answer  plain; 
Outspoken  she  to  earl  or  churl. 

Kindhearted  in  the  main. 
But  somewhat  heedless  \\ith  her  tc 

And  apt  at  causing  pain. 


.\  mn-thful  maiden  she,  am 
Most  lair  for  bliss  or  ba 

O  long  ago  I  told  vou  so, 
I  tell   von  so  today: 

Go  you  your  way,  and  let 
Inst  niv  own   free  wav. 


^^- 


TJE  read  their  thoughts  —  they  were  his  own  — 

"What!  while  our  arms  can  wield  these  blades 
Shall  we  die  tamely.'  die  alone.' 

Without  one  victim  to  our  shades. 
One  Moslem  heart  where,  buried  deep. 
The  ~aber  from   it^  toil   may  sleep.'"  —Moore. 

-97 


1 


^i^nsiet 


DtpsaniS   fullonuni.      Natural  Order;  Dipsaccce  —  Teasel  Family. 


I  L  the  plants  of  this  chiss  except  the  Fuller's  Teasel  are  devoid 

t    interest,    possessing    no    useful    properties;    but    in    Europe 

ilothiers    use    the    heads  of  that   variety   to   raise   the   nap   of 

w  oolen    cloth,      ^fhey    are    armed    with    hard,    hooked    scales, 

whicli,  being  attached  for  this  purpose  to  a  revolving  cylin- 

fc  ."^    der,  brush   against  the   surface  of  the  cloth.      The  common 

\ild  Teasel  found  by  roadsides  and  hedges  is  a  naturalized  plant  from 

Luiope       It   flowers   in   large,  oval   heads,   mounted  on    a   stalk  from 

three  to  four  feet  high,  and  the   stalks  and  dry  heads   may  often  be 

seen,   m  winter,  with   their    spiny   cones   decorated   with   sleet   or   frost, 

showing    prismatic    colors    in    the    sun.      It    is    cultivated    in    Europe   in 

large   fields,   a  rich    soil    being    necessary.      The    plants    are    thinned   to 

about  a  toot  apart,  and  the  heads  are  cut  for  sale  the  second  year. 


|t$Hni]^rujt^» 


'T^HERE'S  not  a  day,  but,  to  the  man  of  tliought, 
*■  Betrays  some  secret  that  throws  new  reproach 
On   life,  and  makes  him  sick  of  seeing  more. 


T  CAN  ne'er  forgive  the  thoughts  I  bore 
'Gainst  thee,  and  'gainst  the  I'ace  of  man 
For  I  have  stood  at  bay  before  the  world. 
Facing  the  wolves  that  well  nigh  pulled  nic 
Until   I  deemed   mankind  a  hungry  pack. 


Eager  to  suck  their  wounded  brothers'  blood. 
But  thou  hast  come  to  purge  me  of  my  gall, 
To  heal  m\  wounded  heart,  to  dry  my  tears, 
And  plant   witliin   niv  soul  a  love  of  man, 
Whicli,  liv  heaven '~  grace,  wrong  never  shall  uproot. 
— George  H.  Boker. 


CEARED,  shunned,  belied,  ere  yc 

He  hated  men  too  much  to  fee 

And  thought  tlie  voice  of  wi-ath  a 

To  pay  the  injuries  of  some  on  all. 


,1th   had 
remorse, 
acred  call, 


1st  her  force, 


II 


T 


HE^'   have  lived   too  long,  who  find 
Their  treasury  of  hope  is  spent; 
ty   gaze   upon   the  human   kind 


Like  letters 

Repeating  to  the  vacan 

That  dust  and  hollo 


monument. 


39S 


fftistte. 


(Hirsium   arncUSt.      Natural  Order:    Co?npositiF — Aster  Family. 


m. 


lELD  CIRSIUM  (from  the  old  Greek  name),  or  the  True 
Thistle,  is  the  name  of  this  variet}^,  while  the  general  word 
^  Thisde  is  a  common  name  for  various  prickly  plants  which 
are  widely  dispersed  and  very  annoying  weeds.  The  most 
[0  common  of  these  is  the  Canada  Thistle,  which  is  the  curse 
;)3  of  any  land  where  once  established,  as  every  seed  is  fur- 
nished with  an  air\-  balloon  of  its  own,  to  bear  it  to  some 
new,  unoccupied  district.  It  also  spreads  by  its  creeping  root.  The 
flowers  are  arranged  in  small  purple  heads.  Tliere  is  also  a  yellow 
variet}'.  When  the  leaves  are  a  short  distance  above  the  ground 
in  spring,  the}'  are  sometimes  used  as  a  salad,  and  the  stems  ma)- 
be  used  as  a  boiled  vegetable,  if  they  are  tirst  stripped  of  their  skins 
and  soaked  a  short  time  in  water  -to  extract  some  of  the  bitterness  pervading 
them.  The  tbllowing  is  the  tradition  of  the  adoption  of  the  Thistle  as  the 
national  emblem  of  Scotland:  A  body  of  Danes  or  Norsemen  waiting  to  attack 
tile  Scots  during  the  silent  watches  of  the  night,  sent  out  a  few  spies  to  recon- 
noitre; these  tramped  upon  some  thistles,  and,  being  wounded  thereby,  uttered  such 
furious   maledictions  as  to  arouse  the   Scots,  who  were  thus  saved   from   disaster. 


i 


^uslrrjlrj. 


H' 


I    SHI 

^    I   stc 


lUT  the  door  to  face  the  naked   tiutli 
stood  alone  —  I   faced  the  trutli  alone, 
Stripped  bare  of  self-regard,  or  tbrin.  or  rul 
Till    tirst  and   last  were  -hr)\vn. 


T  TI.S  square-turned  joints  and  strength  of 
Showed  him  no  carpet  knight  so  trim. 
But  in  close  fight  a  champion  grim, 
In  camps  a  leader  sage. 


-c, 

m/~b,l/. 

took   the  perfect 

balance 

s  and   we 

ghed 

No  shaking  of  i 

nv  hand  disturbed  the 

poise 

'eighed,  found  it 

wanting  —  not  a 

vord 

I  said 

But  silent  made 

mv  choice. 

-C/irixiwa 

G.  Roxsetli. 

TRUST  the  fr 

)wn  thv 

features 

wear 

Ere  long  into  a 

smile 

will  turn 

would  not  that 

^  face  a 

s  fair 

beloved,  should  look  so  stern. 
—  Wm.  Leggett. 


J 


(UratollUS    COrfinca.       Xatl-kal   Order;    Rosaceiv — Rose  Family. 


1 


ROWING  usually  in  dense  thickets  on  the  borders  of  a  wood- 
1  ind,  or  beside  some  creek  or  stream,  ma}-  be  found  the  vari- 
ous species  of  the  Thorn,  there  being  numerous  varieties 
indigenous  to  the  American  continent.  In  height  the  trees 
or  shrubs  are  from  eight  to  twenty-five  feet,  and  add  much 
to  the  glory  of  the  woods  \\hen  they  are  covered  by  their 
abundant  bloom  in  early  summer.  The  flowers  are  white,  and  appear 
in  geneious  clusters.  The  fruit,  when  ripe,  in  autumn,  is  mosth' 
scailet  m  color,  though  sometimes  yellowish,  and  in  a  few  individual 
j'i^'h^-^  kinds  IS  both  pleasant  flavored  and  edible.  The  branches  are  pro- 
^'\V^  \  ided  w  ith  many  thorns,  from  which  the  common  synonym  is  derived. 
In  some  parts  of  the  country  the  lower-growing  ones  are  used  as 
htdt,Ls  but  not  so  noticeably  as  in  England,  where  many  fields  are 
lotected  b)    them       The  wood  is  strong  and  durable. 


liffituH^. 


■pEWWRE  of  desperate  steps!  the  darkest  day, 
^  Li\e  till  to-iiiorrou,  will   have  passed  away. 

-  Co:vpey 


A^::: 


e  who,  journeyinsi,  checks  the  rein  in  has 
iMiasni  doth  yawn  across  his  way, 
.■aping,  and  too  steeply   laced 


As  such  a  one,  being  brought  to  sudden  stand, 
I)oul)ts  all  his  foregone  path  il"  't  were  true. 

And  turns  to  this  and  then  to  the  other  hand 
,Vs   knowing   not   what  to  do.       —•J,-a,t  Iiigetow. 


CAIN   would   I   stop  to  reniONC   from   thy    wa\ 

^      Stones  that  ha\  e  bruised  me,  and   thorns  that  have 


)rs  for  \va\-marks,  to  sa\-, 
wounded,  ensnared,  or  deceived. 

-  Dom  Grennrell. 


-IITHICH  w,iy.'  which  way.=  — his  eyes  greu  di 
**^    With  the  dizzving  whirl,— which  wav  to  swi 


f^ 
?& 


The  thundei 


Half  choked  in  the  lashing  spray: 
fe  is  sweet,  and  the  grave  is  grini,- 
Which   wav.=  which   wav  .= 


J 


-^^& 


lli0tni  S'P'Plc^ 


'11 


Datiua    stnimoiliimi.      Natural  Order:  So/a//> 


-i\ig/ds/unh'  Fa, 


I'^ATURA  is  a  formation  from  the  Arabic  name,  and  the  fruit 
of  the  plant  is  called  by  botanists  Thorn  Apple,  \\hicli 
/"'  should  not  be  confounded  with  the  berries  or  apples  ol" 
the  thorn  tree.  The  varied  properties  of  this  order  of  plants 
•"  are  highly  important,  for,  although  the  most  of  them  are  dan- 
gerously poisonous,  yet  they  form  both  food  and  niediiine  for  man. 
'I'he  fruits  of  the  egg-plant,  tomato,  and  the  tuber  of  the  jiotato,  are 
e?a'ellent  and  wholesome  food,  while  the  h}-oscvamus,  atropa  and  Da- 
tura are  invaluable  in  medicine.  E\ery  part  of  the  Thorn  Apple,  or 
Datura,  is  a  deadly  poison.  It  is  used  in  asthmatic  affections,  but 
should  be  administered  only  b\'  a  careful  jilusician.  l"he  flowers, 
which  are  trumpet-shaped,  are  white,  slightly  tinged  with  juirple.  The 
common  name  is  Jimson  or  Jamestown  Weed,  and  as  sucli  it  is  found 
wild  on  the  commons.  There  are,  howe\'er,  several  handsome  x'arieties  for  gar- 
den culture,  from  foreign  countries,  that  are   worth\'  of  attention. 


I    .SHf)l:I,n   not   like  the  glo>s  ucre  pn 


But  lii-ight  ami   strong  enough   to  la-t 

About  —  suppose  a   week   (ir  two.       —.\roor.:. 

■pEAl-TV   is  but  a   vain  and  doubtful  good,  T  O!   « hen    the  buds  expand   the  leaves  are   greei 
A    shining  gloss   that   tadeth  suddenly,  'I'hen   the   li)  st   opening  ol'  the  flower  is  seen; 

A   flower  that  dies  when   first  it  'gins  to  bud,  Then  come  the  honeyed  breath  and  rosy  smile, 

A  brittle  glass  that's  broken  presently;  That  with  their  sweets  the  willing  sense  beguile; 

A  doubtful  good,  a  gloss,  a  glass,  a  flow  er.  But  as  we  look,  and  love,  and  taste,  and  praise, 

I.ost,   laded,  broken,  dead   within  an   hour.  And   the  fruit  grows,   the  charming  flower  decays 
-  Shali.r.-J;ar,'.  -  Crahh: 

OlIE   spoke,  and  lo!    her   loveliness 
^  Metliought  she  damaged    wilh   her  tongue; 
And  every   sentence  made  it  less, 
.So  false  they  rung.       ^Jemi  Ingelov: 
301 


J'ltrift 


^nncria  milqaris. 


/'//iDibaffiiiacciF  —  Leadivorf   Fai?uly. 


I   I>(t  \R[S  (that   iti,  common)  Armeria,   or  Thrift,   is   one   of  a 

^m  ill   order   of  plants  that   mostly   prefer   a   location   near   the 

^ea    toast  or   salt,   marshy   land,   whence    this    variety,    which 

,i()\\s  wild  on  the  shores  of  Europe,  is  sometimes  called  Armeria 

I  itima,  or  Maritime  Thrift.      It  has  a  turf-like  appearance,  beintj 

I   toot   hif^h,  and   prett\'  in   shape,  with   flowers  ol    a   rose-color. 

cliisleied   m  close  heads,  and   blooms   during   midsummer.      There   are 

two  or  three  \arieties  cultivated  as   rock  plants,  some  of  them  being 

tiitnt''  of   Poitugal.      Plants  of  this   species  need  renewing  every  two 

oi    thui.    \c  ii'<       They  are   very  easih'  propagated,  as  very  small  slips 

\(.gt.t<Ui.   with  else  in   moist  spring  weather.      All  are  quite  pretty  and 

desirable. 


0": 


is   need   that  on   men'? 
rh-Ai  can   empathize  ' 


-Plunbe  Carv 


TIKE  tlie  sweet  nielodv  which)   faintlv  lingers 
'--'   Upon  tlie  wind-harp's  strings  at  close  ol"  da 
When  gentlv  touched  by  evening's  dewv  finger 
It  breathes  a  low  and  melancholy   lav. 


the  calm   voice  of  sympathy  me  seemeth: 
And  while  its  magic  spell  is  round  me  cast. 

spirit  in  its  cloistered  silence  dreameth. 
And  vaguely  blends  the  future  with  the  past 

-.Vrs.  Embury. 


DLTT  thou  Shalt  use  my  heart 

As  a  poor  mansion,  over  which  thou  rulest: 
If  so,  thou  will'st  call  in  thy  dearest  friends; 
Thev  >liall  he  welcome,  though  thev're  all  mankind. 


THl 
T 


HE  soul  of  music  slumbers  in  a  shell 
nil  waked  and  kindled  by   the  master's  spell; 
And  feeling  hearts,  touch  them  but  rightly,  pour 
A  thousand  melodies  unheard  before. 
'I  -Ro^er.. 


Qti:  .1 

^'    The 


iho  the  e.Mjuisite  delights  can   tell 
joy  wliicli  mutual  confidence  imparts  .= 
Or  who  can  paint  the  charm  unspeakable 

Which  links  in  tender  bands  two  faithful  hearts 
-Mrs.  Tiglu. 


1 


•^t^ 


m 


tt  Wlovatx. 


•^. 

ii 


^!Iit^rt^ia  fiaiuiiua.     Naii  k.m.  Okukk:  yr/</<7c-<< 


RE   IS   .1   hulhous   plant  that   i: 

^  Uiic.      Till    biilb.s   art-  placed 

;^     and  i;ii)\\    without  tui-thcr  ca 

.    li^litly,  from    an    inch    and    a 

t's  arc  sword-shapcd.  am 


,  <;Teat  favorite  for  garden  cul- 

the   ground   in    May  or  June. 

The  soil  should  cover  them 

ilf  to    two   inches    deep.      The 

ibout  a  foot  long,  with  length- 


wi^i     \eins.      The    flowers    are    often    more    than    five    inches 
aiross.   though    generally   about    four.      They  are    superbly   brilliant   in 
their   colors,   and.    though    lasting    but    a    few    hours,    new    ones   appear 
d.iiU    foi    a  considerable  length  of  time.      The   stalk  on   which  they  are 
borne  is  about  a  foot  and  a  half  higli.     The  Tigridia  pavonia  (peacock- 
like t  is  a   rich  scarlet,  spotted  with  yellow.     There  are  one  or  two  other 
varieties  with    flowers  equally  desirable,  being  very  rich  in  their  mark- 
ings.     The  bulbs  should  be  lifted  in  the  tall,  and  be  kept  dry  and  free 
to  be  planted  again  in   the  spring. 


J^ribc  Jjrfrinib 


^TERN  and  erect  his  brow   was 


^  Whate-t 
He    would   1 


the  griet"  his  soul  avov 
)t   -hrink   hctorc   the  cro 


-B_yr. 


abuse 


inishty 


I'LL  offer,  and    I'll    -utter, 
Because   I'm  proud;  prid 
The  affectation  of  a  pompous  name. 
Has  oft  set  wits  and  heroes  in  a  flame; 
Volumes,  and  buildings,  and  dominions  w 
Are  of  the  noble  monuments  of  pride. 


QPITE  of  all  the  fools  that  pride  ha»   made. 

'Tis  not  on  man  a  useless  burthen  laid: 
Pride  has  ennobled  some,  and  some  disgraced: 
It  hurts  not  in  itself,  but  as  'tis  placed; 
When  right,  its  views  know  none  but  virtue's  bound : 
When  wrong,  it  scarcely  looks  one  inch  around. 

I    WILL   from   henceforth  rather  be   myself. 

'      Mighty,  and  to  be  fear'd,   than   my   condition. 

Which  hath  been  smooth  as  oil.  soft  as  young  down. 

.\nd  therefore  lost  that  title  of  respect 

Which  the  ])roud   soul   ne'er  pays  but  to  the  proud. 


-5//u*.-.>/« 


303 


m 


w 


'^rttmyjct  'f  lsii\)f  V. 


iJa'Cima   laLiicans.        Natukai.  Order:  /}'/' 


'//ouiacciC- 


Familx. 


m 


L  \RCELY  anyone  who  has  resided  or  traveled  in  the  South- 
n    ^t^tes  during   midsummer  could   fail  to  observe  the  flowers 
1    this    handsome    and    vigorous    creeper.       Its    brilliant    scarlet 
ssoms    project    their    large    trumpets    from    e\erv   hedge    and 
1  imbk    where  the  luxuriant  \ine  has  spread  itself.     In   wood- 
mds    p  n-ticularly  near  water-courses,  it  may  be  seen  decorat- 
^   the   St  d\\  u-t   trunks  of  upright   trees,  where   it   has   extended   its 
mibmg  bi  inches  from  seventy  to  eight\-  feet,  and  where  its  super- 
ibundint    giowth    trails    from    every  branch,   and    the    flowers    glow 
like   coals   ot    hie   in   the   midst   of  the   surrounding    leafage.      It   is   an 
admirable    permanent    climber   tor   outside  walls,  or  for  covering   trees 
PU  that   ha\e  died,  where  shade  is  needed.     There  are  some  two  or  three 
flne    plants    from    the    Cape    of   Good    Hope    and    China,    suitable    lor   the 
gJ    greenhouse,   and    tour  or   five   adapted    tor   the   hothouse,   all    having    pink 
and  white  flowers,  which  are  said  to  be  \erv  desirable. 


IL 


l[itra^. 


w 


■linTH  echoing  feet  he  threaded 
*  •     The  secret  walks  of  Tame : 
'I'lie  \  ievvless  arrows  of  his  thoughts  wt 
And   winged  with  flame. 


TH   fame,  in 

jiist  proportion,  envy  grows; 

The  man  tha 

t  maizes  a  cliaracter,  mal:es  foe« 

—  YoHllg. 

aded 

"11 7  HAT  so  foolish  as 

-7-,/. 


the  chase  of  fame.' 
How  vain  the  prize!  how  impotent  our  aim! 
F"or  what  are  men   who  grasp  at  praise  sublime, 
But  bubbles  on  the  rapid  stream  of  time.' 


T^HE  fame  that 
^     That  he  mav 


T  TNBLEMI,SH-D   let  me  live,  or  die  unknown  — 
'-  '    Ohl  grant   me  honest  fame,  or  grant  me  none! 

—Pop/-. 

T   wins   himself  is  best;  Which  are  soon   ta'en   ofi';    for  in   the   warmth 

his  own:  lionors  put  on  him     The  heat  comes  from   the  bodv,  not  the  weeds; 
.  man   than   his  clotlu-s  do,  So   man's   true    fame    must    strike    from    his   owi 

ilceds.  -MidJI.to,,. 


I 


^ 


^ml)crci6t< 


t^ 


Poliantl)fS   tubcrOSa.       Xatuual  Okuek:  AmaryUidaccc  —  AmaryHi's  Family. 


OLI  \NTHES,  denoting  city-flo\ver  in  the  original  Greek,  is  a 
I   11.    and  odoriterous  plant,  and  a  nati\e  of  some  of  the  islands 
I    tile  Indian  Ocean,  or  perhaps  of  Mexico,  as    some   think, 
Init    it    has    been    culti\ated    in    England    for    tipward    of  two 
hundred    years,   whence    in    all    probability    we    received    it. 
The  flowers  are  tubular  in  shape,  and  ha\e  the  appearance 
'      of  sculptiued    marble,    especially    the    double    ones.      The}-    are    very 
h  agi  ant,  and  are  borne  on  a  slender  stalk  about  three  feet  high,  which 
1  iscs  fi  cm  the  center  of  the  group  of  sword-shaped  leaves  at  the  base. 
The    loot    IS    bulbous  or  tuberous  (whence   the  common  name,  which, 
therefore,  is  not   "  tube-rose ""  i,  and  blooms   but  once.      The  young  off- 
shoots  bloom  when  two  years  old.      The  bulbs,  old  enough  to  bloom,, 
are  very  cheap,  and  can  be  ordered  from  any  seedsman.      The}'  should 
(|'      be  started  in   a  hotbed,  and    placed  in   the   garden  when   all  danger  of 
frost    is   over.      In  very  northern    latitudes    thev  should    be    retained    in 
the  pot,  so  as  to  finish  their  bloom  in  the  house. 


»0    sli 


L'k  her  skin,  so  i'aultless  was  lu-r 
Juno  did  un willing  pleasure  take 


To  see  so  lair  a  ri' 

■Tj*  ACH  sound,  too,  here  to  languishment  inch 
Lull'd  the  weak  bosom  and  induced  ease. 
Aerial  music  in  the  warbHng  wind, 

,\t  distance  rising  oft,  bv   small  degrees 
Nearer  and  nearer  came,  till  o'er  the  trees 

'yilEX  stole   I   up,  and  trancedly 

Gazed  on  the  Persian  girl  alone. 
Serene  with  argent-lidded  eves. 
.■\morous,  and  lashes  like  to  ravs 
Of  darkness,  and  a  brow   of  pearl 
Tressed  with  redolent  ebonv 


—Dryden. 
It  hung,  and  breath'd  such  soul-dissolving  airs, 

.\s  did,  alas!  with  soft  perdition  please: 
Entangled  deep  in  its  enchanting  snares, 
The  list'ning  heart  forgot  all  duties  and  all  cares 
—Tlwmfso,,. 

In  many  a  dark,  delicious  curl. 
Flowing  beneath  her  rose-hucd   zone; 
The  sweetest  lady  of  the  time, 
Weil  worthy  of  the  golden  prime 
Of  good  Haroun  Alraschid. 


305 


r 


■^M 


"gnlip, 


V 


(Hulipa   (Pcsncriana.      Natural  Order:  Liliacccc  —  Lily  Family. 

URICH  was  the  birthplace,  and  March  26,  15 16,  the  birth- 
■f^^  da^-,  of  the  celebrated  Swiss  naturalist,  botanist  and  scholar, 

M-  ./  V  Conrad  Gesner,  from  whom  this  variety  of  the  Tulip  derives 
,-^,'  'Tr'^  its  distinctive  name.  It  is  a  purely  oriental  flower;  its  tex- 
ture, its  depth  of  color,  and  even  its  shape,  suggest  to  the 
mind  the  glories  of  the  far-ofl"  eastern  climes  whence  it  has 
its  birth.  It  is  of  Persian  origin,  and  the  native  name,  dulhand, 
i-om  whence  its  synonym  in  our  language  is  derived,  signifies  a  tur- 
ban, after  their  own  peculiar  national  head-dress.  The  Tulip  was 
introduced  into  Europe  by  Gesner,  since  whose  time  its  cultivation 
has  received  the  most  indefatigable  attention.  Under  European  taste, 
skill  and  care,  the  number  of  varieties  has  grown  to  over  seven  hun- 
dred: and  the  colors  into  which  it  has  sported  are  many  and  mag- 
nificent. In  old  records  it  is  found  that  in  the  year  1637  one  hundred  and  twenty 
Tulips  were  sold  at  public  auction  tor  nine  thousand  guilders  —  equal  to  thirty-six 
hundred  dollars.  There  is  a  species  of  wild  Tulip  quite  common  in  the  woods 
and  vineyards  of  Germany.  In  Siberia  the  bulbs  are  used  as  food,  although  bitter 
and  acrid. 


JftlHraHun  of  Jou^, 


TJELEN,   I  lo^ 

-T^    I  i>wear  bv 


love  thee;  bv   m_v   lite   I   do; 

that  which   I  will  lose  for  thee 
To  prove  him  false  that  says  I  love  thee  not. 

Shakt;speare. 

.VS\  filled  with  such  amaze,  pvEAR  art  thou  to  me  now  as  in  that  hour 

So  far  transported  with  desire  and  love,  ^^  When  first  love's  wave  of  feeling,  spraylike,  broke 

i  slippery  soul   flies  to  you  while   I   speak.         Into  bright  utterance,  and  we  said  we   lov'd. 

-Kn,/,^sl,r.  -Bailey. 

T    D.\RE   not  linger  near  thee  as  a  brother, 

I   feel   my   burning  heart   would  still   be  thine; 
Mow  could   I  hope  m\'  passionate  thoughts  to  smother. 
When  yielding  all   the  sweetness  to  ;inother 

Which   should  be  mine.  —Amelia  B.  Welby. 


306 


.^>-^ 

^^^ 


^mssilajo 


KarilOSmia   palinata.      Natural  Order:    Coiiipositw  —  Aster  Family. 


^*^X   swamps  or   moist  lowlands    may  be  found   the   few  plants 
known  as  Tussilago,  or  Coltsfoot.      In  the  Tussilago  farfara, 
:   we  have  the  most  common  species.     It  is  to  be  found  chieflv 
Ml  claj-ey  soil  in  the  Northern  and  Middle  States.     The  flower 
ippears  singly,  and  is  a  many-ra^^ed  yellow  head,  borne  on  a 
■;calv   stalk    about    five    or    six    inches    high,    and    blossoming 
the  leaves  make  their  appearance.     Another  variety  called  Tus- 
^      by  Aiton    is    now   known   as   Nardosmia,   from    the   two   Greek 
words,    iiardos.,    meaning    spikenard,    and   osmc,    smell,   which    plant    it 
resembles   in   its   fragrance.      The    flowers,  which   appear  in   May,  are 
used  in  the  manufacture  of  perfumer}-.      The  leaves  are  coarse,  large 
and  palmate,  having  a  fancied  resemblance  to  a  colt's  toot,  whence  the 
common  name.      The  scientific  name   is  from  the  Latin  titss/s,  a  cough, 
^      because  of  its  long-recognized  value  as  a  cough  remedy.      Its  aromatic 
properties  were  only  discovered  during  the  present  centur}-. 


Iff 


Jusiit^  ta  Y^u- 


*HE  gods  grow  angry   with  your  patience!     'Tis  their  care, 
And  must  be  yours,  that  guilty  men  escape  not; 
crimes  do  grow-,  justice  should  rouse  itself.        — 7o«.,o«. 


IMPARTIAL  justice  liolds  her  equal  scales, 
*    Till  stronger  virtue  does  the  weight  incline; 
If  over  thee  thy  glorious  foe  prevails, 

He  now  defends  the  cause  that  once  was  thine. 

—Prior. 

V^Or  are  right,  justice,  and  you  weigh  this  well; 
Therefore  still  bear  the  balance  and  the  sword; 
.\nd  I  do  wish  your  honors  may 
Till  you  do  live  to  see  a  son  of  mil 
Oftend  you  and  obey  you,  as  I  did, 
So  shall  I  live  to  speak  my  father's 


F  but  one  virtu 

It  would  be  ju 

ire  vail'd  thereby 

In  one  who  is 


?  did  adorn  a  king, 
.tice;  many  great  defects 
— whereas  each  virtuous  thing 
not  just,  the  world  suspects. 
—harl  of  Slerliiig. 


voids 


Happy  am   I,  that  have  a  man  so  bold, 

That  dares  do  justice  on  my  proper  son; 

.•\nd  no  less  happy,  having  such  a  son 

That  would  deliver  up  his  greatness  so 

Into  the    hands  of  justice. 

—Shakt;sp^ar< 


S\ 


ms^ 


307 


^^^^ 


'■^ 


tlcilcriana    Sllluatica.       Natural  Okder:     \'a/criaiiacccc — Valerian  Family. 

fl'ST   win    this   plant    has   been   called  Valerian  —  whether  in   honor 
of   the    Roman    emperor    of   that    name,    or    ot'  some    unknown 
Valerius.,  or  (which  is  perhaps  the  most  probable  view)  from  the 
Latin    lalcrc,   to   be  well, —  seems    to   be   uncertain.      It    is    to   be 
'    lound    in    nearh-    all    temperate    climates.      In    the    United    States 
there    are    se^•eral    indigenous   varieties,    found    mostly   in    lowlands 
near   wooded    districts,   or    in    swamps.       The    leaxes   of  some   are 
composed   of  several    small    leaflets    arranged    opposite   each  other 
along  a  central   stem   which   is   terminated   b}-  one  a  little  superior 
in   size,  in   others   the   foliage   is  entire.      The   flowers  of  the  wild 
species  are   mostly  purple,  white  or  rose.     The   root   ot    the  Vale- 
riana edulis  is  said  to  be  cooked  and  eaten  by  the  Indians.     It  is 
from  the  Valeriana  officinalis  that  the   extract  used  in  medicine  is 
obtained.     It  is  useful  chiefly  in  nervous  affections,  though  possessing  tonic,  febri- 
tugal   and   anti-spasmodic   properties. 


^tng  lisposiiian. 


T^EVOTED,  anxious,  ge 
^   And  with  her  whole 

nerous,  \oid  of  guile. 

leart's  welcome  in   her  smile. 

-Mrs.  Nortoi:. 

'pHERE  are  so 
i                   As  e 

lie  hearts  like  wells,  green-mossed 

And   there   are  some   like  springs,  that   bubbl 

er  summer  saw;               [and  deep 

To  follow  dusty  ways,                       [bi 

And  cool  their  % 

ater  is  — yea,  cool  and  sweet; 

And  run  with  otiered  cup  to  quench  his  thirs 

But  _v 

ou   must  come  to  draw. 

Where  the  tired  traveler  strays; 

Tliev   hoard  not. 

yet  they  rest  in  calm  content. 

That  never  ask  the  meadows  if  they   want 

And 

lot  unsought  will  give; 

What  is  their  joy  to  gi\e; 

Thev  can  be  quiet  with  their  wealth  unspent. 

Unasked,  their  lives  to  otlier  life  they  grant, 

So  st 

If-contained   they   live. 

So  self-bestowed  they  live. 

II 


— Caroline  Spcncc, 
r^AN   1  yield  you  blessings.'  says  the  friendly   heart; 

Fear  not  I  am  poorer,  though  I  much  impart. 
Wherefore  should  you  thank  me.'   giving  is  my  need; 
Love  that  wrought  none  comfort,  sorrow  were  indeed. 

—Litrv  Lorcom. 


j^v^ ^^m 


SR5' 


ll'jemws^0  ^Iftray. 


Ultomra   mUSCipula.      Natural  Order:    /)roseraccce  —  Sitinfc-.i'  Family. 


r^  ^  NOWN  as  a  denizen  of  warm  latitudes,  and  consequently  not 
otten  found  in  colder  climates,  except  in  hothouse  culture,  this 
]-)LiLnniil    phnt    is    rather   delicate,  but   can    be    raised    without 
ith(.ilt\    it   lepotted  each   year  and   kept   standing  in  a   saucer 
of  w  Uci       The  leaves  have  a  peculiar  retractile  power,  clos- 
ing \\hene\ti   an  insect  lights  on  the  surface,  thereby  holding 
It    1  piisonti    within  its  embrace,  only  relaxing  its  hold  when  it  has 
entiieh    \\  ithdi  i\\  n   the   nourishing   properties   from   its   victim.      The 
floweis   aie  white,  being   grouped   in   an   umbel  of  from  eight  to  ten 
on   a   stalk   about   a    foot    high.      It    is    called    Diona?a    fi-orn    Dione,  the 
mother  of  \"enus:  and  muscipula,  from  the   Latin,  denotes  flv-gates. 


Pctcil 


TITE  sail  .iloiig  a  rocky  shore  —  the  cHfts  arc  gr.av  and  gree 
'*  While  in  the  sunlit  deptlis  below  as  lofty  cliffs  are  seen 
We  float  upon  the  waves  of  Life,  with  Death  at  either  hand. 
And  what  is  false  and  what  is  true  we  may   not  understand. 

—L.  Bnire  Mo 


1        T 


e..uiling     ^HY,  I  can  sn.le. 


wliile  I  smile: 


AL.SE  wave  of  the  desert,  thou  art  less  beg 

m  false  beauty  over  the  lighted  hall  shed:         *  *     And  cry  content  to  that 

nt  the  smiles  that  have  practic'd  their  smiling.     And  wet  my  cheek  with  artificial  tears;      [heart 

loney  words  measured,  and  reckon 'd  as  said.       And  frame  mv  face  to  all  occasions. 

—Shakest'eare. 


-Miss  Landoit. 


H 


E  seem'd  for  dignity  compos'd,  and  higli  exploit 
But  :dl   was  false  and  hollow.  —Milton. 


VTOU'RE  wrong;   he  was  the  mildest  mannered 
That  ever  scuttled  ship  or  cut  a  throat!     [man 
With  such  true  breeding  of  a  gentleman, 
You  never  could  divine  his  real  thought. 


friendship  is 


T^IIEIR 

Their  honor  but  an  idle  b 

Their  smile,  the  smile  that  traitors 

Their  love  is  hate,  their  life  is 


snare, 
th; 


!f 


^m 


Spccularia   Spctuluin.      Natural  Order:    Cavipainilacea: — BeU-xort  Family. 


OOKING-GLASSES  and   beauty  have  alwa_ys   been  consid- 

eied    to    \\\\^    a    special    atHnity    tor    each    other;    hence    this 

pi  mt    the  flowers  of"  which  have  been  likened  to  a  "  concave 

mn  1  oi       h  IS  been  dedicated   to  the   goddess  of  beauty,  and 

'^  ^       c  died    her    looking-glass.       It    belongs    to    the    delightful 

ftmih    of  the    Campanulas,    all    of   which    are    attractive, 

and   some  \en    beautiful.     It   is   a   small    plant   about   six  inches   high, 

and   IS  a  native  ol    Southern   Europe.     The  stem  branches  freel}',  and 

it   is   a  pretty  little   thing    for   the    borders   of  beds    and   walks.      The 

flowers  are  blue,  closing  at  night  and  opening  in  the  morning.     There 

is  an  annual  variety,  with  white  blossoms,  that  blooms  in  August. 


m\tx\ 


VTO  flattCM-y  my  boy!    an  ho 

It  is  a  little  sneaking  art 

Use  to  cajole  and  soften  fools 

r\  THOU  world,  great  nurse  of  flattery,  [words, 
"  Why  dost  thou  tip  men's  tongues  with  golden 
And  poise  their  deeds  with  weight  of  heavy  lead, 
That  fair  performance  cannot  follow  promise.' 


J  that  man  might  hold  the  heart's  close  book, 
.\nd  choke  the  lavish  tongue  when  it  doth  utter 
The  breath  of  falsehood,  not  character'd  thei^e. 


0 


F  all  wild  beasts,  preserve  n 
And  of  all  tame  —  a  flattert 


T    WOULD  give  worlds,  could  I  believe 

One-half  that  is  professed  me; 
Affection!    could  I  think  it  thee. 

When  flattery  has  caressed  me?  — .l/;>.t  Landon. 


p 

RAISE 

too  dearh- 

lo\ 

'd, 

or  warmly   sougl 

Enfeebl 

s  all 

inter 

lal 

st 

engtl, 

of  thought 

An 

a  tlie  wt 

ak   so 

ul   w 

tbi 

1   i 

tself  I 

nblest 

Le 

uis  for  a 

1   pie: 

sure 

on 

a, 

otlier- 

s  breast. 
-GoUhmith. 

pERNICIOU.S  flaffry!    thy  m.alignant  seeds. 

In  an  ill  hour  and  by  a  fatal  hand 
Sadly  diff'used  o'er  virtue's  glebv  land, 
With  rising  pride  amidst  the  corn  appear, 
And  choke  the  hopes  and  harvest  of  the  vear. 
-/ 
310 


M 


■sg^ 


li^rljewa, 


^ 


\i 


Dtrbena   ^Ubletia.      Natural  Order:    J^eric. 


'ROUGHT  into   general   circulation   but  a   few  years   since,  this 
beautiful  flower  is  unsurpassed  for  splendor  of  color.     It  is  a 
j]j\  native  of  the  South,  and  is  a  delicate,  trailing  plant,  bloom- 
ing   freel}-.      A   few   plants   will    cover    a    large    bed    if   their 
.  ^       branches  are  pinned  down  so  tiiat  tliey  can  rot)t  at  the  joints, 
'Kj^^lfm    which   thev  do   readily.      Among  the  Romans,  the  Verbence, 
§r^    whence   the   name   of  this   plant,   were    sacred    boughs,   whether 
ol  the  laurel,  oli\-e  or  myrtle.      This  particular  variety  has  been  desig- 
nated Aubletia  in   honor  of  the   French  botanist,   John   Baptist  Christo- 
pher Fusee  Aublet,  who  flourished  in  the  middle  of  the  last  century, 
j^     dying  in   1778. 


i0n 


siUii^* 


\TET  what  is  wit,  and  what  the  poet's  arl 
Can  genius  shield  the  vulnerable  heart: 
.\h!  no.  Where  bright  imagination  reigns, 
The  tine-wrought  spirit  feels  acuter  pains; 
Where  glow  exalted  sense  and  taste  refin'd 


QUE  smiled;  but  he  could  see  arise 
^   Her  soul  from  far  adown  her  eyes, 
Prepared  as  if  for  sacrifice. 

— .Vfrs.  Srozvfihi^. 

There  keener  anguish  rankles  in  the  mind; 
There  feeling  is  ditlus'd  through  e\ery   part, 
Thrills  in  each  nerve,  and  lives  in  all  the  heart; 
And  those  whose  gen'rous  souls  each  tear  would  keep 
From  others'  eyes,  are  born   themselves  to  weep. 


-Hanimh  More. 


KINDLY  speech;  a  cordial  voice; 
■     ,\  smile  so  quick,  so  warm,  so  bright, 
speaks  a  nature  full  of  light. 


\ft 


ILY  bought,  the  hidden  treasu 
er  feelings  can  bestow! 
that  vibrate  sweetest  pleasure, 
I   tlie  deepest  notes  of  woe. 


«■  J.  Hill. 

gazed,  and  in  the  tender  flush 
That  made  her  face  like  roses  blown. 
And  in  the  radiance  and  the  hush, 
Her  thought  was  shown. 


SHI 


A   >^'EW  cr. 
^^   The  old 

ationbloom  that  1 

creation,  and  expo 

His   Beautiful 

in   tuneful  sound 

.mds 


^fe 


^ 


•^^ 


T^^J^ 


lii0Uit 


V 


uioln   Cl^l,n■ata.      Natural  Order:    J'/o/acar — Molet  Familv. 


\  \  ^    and  ^•ariou^^  are  the  Violet  species,  which  are  natives 
ill    lands  within    the    temperate    zone.      Some    of   them 
-c     may  be    tbund    in    the    tields   and   woods   during  spring 
ml   early  summer,  with  their  delicate  little  flowers  hidden 
mud  their  clustered  leaves.     The  Viola  odorata  is  a  Euro- 
]!(.  m  Violet.     The  llowers.  though  small,  are  redolent  with 
and    lor    this    quality-   the    plant    has    been    styled   odorata 
lodoious),  and    is  to    be  tbund    in    general   cultivation   abroad.     An- 
othci    ^'lolet   (the  Viola   tricolor),    more    Irequentl}^  called    Pansy,  or 
I  leai  tsease,  \\  e  are  very  familiar  with,  and  through  our  admiration 
give  It  a  warm   place   in   our  hearts   and   a   cool    place    in   our  bor- 
deis      What   magnificence  in  color!    w-hat   gorgeous  velvet  can  sur- 
pass the   bloom   of  these   modest   little   flowers,  lying   so  close  upon 
atuie's  bosom''     Says  Shakespeare: 

"  Her  looks  do  argue  her  leplete  with  modesty." 


TX   the  modestv  of  fearful  duty, 

I  read  as  much  as  t'rom  the  rattling  tongue 
Of  saucv  and  audacious  eloquence.       —Shakesfear 


►  EAl'TIFl'L  are  you  in  your  lowliness: 
Briglit  in  your  hues,  delicious  in  your  scent 
Lovelv  your  modest  hlossoms,  downward  ben 
;  shrinking  from  your  gaze,  yet   prompt  to  ble 


The  passer-by  with  fragrance,  and  express 
How  gracefully,  though  mutely  eloquent. 
Are  unobtrusive  worth  and  meek  content, 

Reioicinff  in  their  own  obscure  recess. 


T  T  E  saw  her  charming,  but  he  saw  not  half 
The  charms  her  downcast  modestv  conceal'i 


THE   violet  droops  its  soft  and  bas 


bashful  brow, 
heart,  sweet  incense  fills  the  aii 
.So  rich  within — so  pure  without  —  art  thou. 


—Thompson. 

l\,TODE.STVS  the  charm 

-^''    That  coldest  hearts  can  quickest  war 

Which  all  our  best  affections  gains, 


f  \  —Mrs.    Osaoml. 

ik. 


m 


^^r 


WB 


0mev. 


&ma\\5   Dirginiana.      Natural  Order:  RaniiiicHlacciC  —  Crozifoot  Family. 


^5 
1 


HERE  are  many  species  of  the  Clematis  or  V'irgin's  Bower. 

the  most  of  which  are  grown  as  coverings  to  arbors  and  trel- 

hs(.s       The   name  comes  from   the  Greek  word   klenia,  signi- 

hing   a  vine  or  climbing  plant.     Loudon  calls  Clematis  vitalba, 

^^^,  \u\   common  in  England  and  France,  with  its  white  flowers 

L%r  x?4,    blooming  in  August,  the  Traveler's  ]o\.      Our  native  species 

aie   found  wild   in   the  Southern   States,  clambering  o\er    fences    and 

bushes  in  iht   most  unrestrained   manner.      jManv  of  them  would  do 

admii  tbh   well  it  transplanted  to  the  garden,  where  thev  would  adorn 

some    otheiwise    neglected    nook.      There    are    several    adapted    for 

gi  eenhouse  culture,  nearl}-  all  of  them  being  from  warm  or  tropical 

mates.      The   flowers   of  the   varied    kinds   are   white,   _\ello\\    and 

^  purple.      Thev  are  all  worth v  of  attention. 

s  ' ' 

filial  ^ffctlian. 

'pHO.SE  tones  of  dear  delight, 

Tlie  morning  welcome,  and  the  sweet  good  night! 

— Chnrles  Spro^u^, 


/^H!  sweet  are  the  tones  of  affection  sincere, 
^  When  thej  come  from  the  depth  of  tlie  heart ; 
.\nd  sweet  are  the  words  that  banisli  each  care. 
And  bid  sorrow  forever  depart! 


"p  WERE  sweet  to  kiss  thv  tears 
If  tears  those  eves  must  know; 
But  sweeter  still  to  hear  thee  say, 
depart!  Thou  never  hadst  them   flow. 

■  -Bulvj. 

T^llERE  is  in  life  no  blessing  like  affection; 

It  soothes,  it  hallows,  elevates,  subdues, 
.Vnd  hringeth  down  to  earth  its  native  heaven: 
Life  has  naught  else  that  may  supply   its  place. 

— Mi-is  L.  E.  Landcin. 


"X>WA.S  the  earliest  link  in  love's 

'^    'Tis  the  only  one  that  will   long 
And  as   vear  bv  vear.  and  dav   hv  da 


Some  friend  still  trusted  drops  aw.ay. 
Mother!  dear  mother!  oh!  dost  thou  se 
How  the  shortened  chain  brings  me  ner 


r 


ife 


h 


uUfl0mtx< 


(!II)eiiaiitl)us  tljciri.     Xatirai.  Ordf 


Ci-Hcifcr.c  —  Mustard  Pa 


\LLFLOWER  is  a  low,  semi-slll•uhb^■.  perennial  plant,  grow- 
ing from  one  to  two  and  a  halt"  teet  in  height,  and  comes 
from  the  sonth  of  Europe.  It  is  a  great  favorite  on  that 
continent  among  all  classes.  Robert  Herrick,  an  Englis^i 
poet  of  the  seventeenth  century,  has  a  prettA'  little  poetical 
;nd,  to  the  effect  that  a  young  girl  much  in  lo\e,  but  re- 
sti  uned  ot  her  liberty,  desired  to  fl\-  to  the  arms  of  her  lover,  for  which 
puipost  she  clambered  out  on  a  high  wall,  to  which  she  had  tied  a 
silken  sash  or  rope.  In  descending,  the  knot  untied,  and  she  fell, 
"  bruised,  and  bleeding,  and  died ; "'  and  Lo\-e.  in  pity,  changed  her  to 
this  plant,  to  be  called  forever  the  '"  Flower  of  the  Wall."  It  does  not 
bloom  until  the  second  year  from  seed,  and  in  northern  climates  should 
be  removed  to  a  light  cellar  for  protection  from  frost  in  winter.  Cheiri 
is  the  Arabic  name,  and  Cheiranthus  a  formation  therefrom  by  adding  the  Greek 
word  aut/ios,  a  flower. 

l[ihjlil^  in  HisForlun^. 

/^H!  if  there  be  an  elvsium  on  earth,  it  is  this: 
^    When  two  that  are  linked  in  one  heavenly   tie, 
Love  on   through  all  ills,  and  love  on  till  thev   die. 


AT'E  wallflowers,  shed   vour  tints  of  golden  dye. 
On  which  the  mornini»  sunbeams  love  to  rest  — 
On   which,  when  glory   fills  the  glowing  west, 
The  parting  splendors  of  the  day's  decline, 


With  fascination  to  the  heart  address'd, 
.So  tender  and  beautifully  shine. 
As  if  reluctant  still  to  leave  that  hoary 


RICH  i, 
The, 
Bland  are 
Of  flov 


pERTAIN  my 
^  How  can  I  li 
Thy  sweet  convei 

the  pink,  the  lily  gay, 
ose  is  summer's  guest; 
thy  charms  when  these 
■ers,  first,  last,  and  best! 


solution   is  to  die; 


I01"Cg0 

,'  join'd.' 


-Mitloii. 


There  may  be  gaudier  on  the  bower. 

And  statelier  on  the  tree ; 
But  wallflower,  lo\ed  wallflower, 

Thou  art  the  flower  for  me.     —Afoir. 


^1 


u^'^^ 


almmt. 


luCllang   nigra.       Natural  Order:    J iighindacav  —Wahnit  Family. 


EUS  PATER  1  Father  Zeus),  through  the  first  syllable  of 
the  Latin  equivalent  Jupiter,  enters  into  the  formation  of  the 
botanical  name  of  this  valuable  tree,  Juglans  meaning  Jove's 
icorn;  and  the  walnut  is  certainly  not  unworthy  of  the  dis- 
liiiction.  In  growth  it  is  a  majestic  forest  tree,  rising  very 
^^  tiequently  to  the  height  of  eighty  teet,  and  is  always  a 
pleasing  object  to  the  eye.  The  wood  of  the  Black  Walnut  is  very 
extensively  used  in  cabinet  work  and  in  building.  It  is  very  close 
grained  and  heavy,  and  when  freshly  sawed  it  is  of  a  deep  violet 
color.  It  takes  a  very  good  poHsh,  and  assumes  a  brownish  tone 
after  being  dressed,  and  looks  not  incongruous  either  when  uphol- 
stered in  the  richest  of  fabrics  or  placed  amid  the  commonest  sur- 
roundings. The  nuts  are  of  a  rather  flattened  globose  shape,  and 
the  removal  of  the  outward  husk  exposes  the  inner  shell,  which  is  very  rough 
on  the  surface. 


1 


kni«lbtt« 


PORERUN  thy  peers,  thy  time,  and  let 

Thy  feet,  milleniums  hence,  be  set 
In  midst  of  knowledge  dreamed  not  yet. 


p  ETIR'D  thoughts  enjoy  their  own  dcliglits. 

As  beauty  doth  in  self-beholding  eye; 
Man's  mind  a  mirror  is  of  heavenly  sights, 
A  brief  wherein  all  miracles  scumm'd  lie, 
Of  fairest  forms  and  sweetest  shapes  the  store, 
Most  graceful  all,  yet  thought  may  grace  them  more 
—  Smitlmell. 


THI 
A 


IE  mind  of  man  is  this  world's  true  dimension  ; 

And  knowledge  is  the  measure  of  the  mind : 
And  as  the  mind  in  her  vast  comprehension 
Contains  more  worlds  than  all  the  world  can  find, 
So  knowledge  doth  itself  far  more  extend 
Than  all  the  minds  of  man  can  comprehend. 


-Lord  Brooke. 


^ 


^^SSSq^ 


yRISE,  my  drowsing  soul! 

Gird  on  thy  blazing  arms  of  intellect! 
One  struggle  more  to  master  coming  time; 
And  if  thy  earthly  walls  then  fall  consumed, 

We  "11  scale  those  heights  where  conquering  time  is  not. 


H.   Boker. 


3'5 


f 


nttv  S-i^B' 


^ninpljita    O^OVata.      Natural  Order:  Nymfhceacea; — Water  Lily  Family. 


•"^^'V  \  I  YX'V.   inadequate  is   language,  we   maj'  saj',   to   the   descrip- 

\   ti(jn  ol'  this  beautiful  flower.      One  might  exhaust  the  whole 

I  ^■•r  \  OL  abulary,  and  yet  fall  short  of  expressing  that  sense  of 

J  j    beauty  and  loveliness  that  it  itself  expresses  as  it  rests  upon 

lliL   bosom  of  the  placid  stream.     Tantalizing,  too,  is  it,  like 

'  "^  all   liLauty,  seemingly  so  near,  yet  only  to  be   possessed  by 

the  \Lntuiesome  few,  for   "only  the  brave  deserve  the  fair,"  and 


3'et  only  waiting  to  be  plucked  by  the  hand  that  would  clasp  it 
lovingly  in  its  embrace.  This  HI}-  is  shaped  like  a  large  rosette.  It 
is  composed  of  numerous  pointed  petals  that  curve  upward  toward 
the  center.  They  are  usually  a  pure  opaque  white,  though  some- 
times purplish.  In  the  midst  of  this  exquisite  cluster  of  petals  there 
are  innumerable  fringelike  filaments  of  the  most  delicate  3-ellow,  that 
tremble  with  the  least  agitation.  The  leaves  are  large  and  rounded, 
being  many  times  nearly  a  foot  in  breadth,  and  float  on  the  surface 
ot  the  water  around  their  radiant  queen  like  so  many  handmaids.  The  flower 
is  very  fragrant,  and  may  well  be  called,  as  it  .sometimes  is,  the  "  Naiad,  or 
Bride  of  the  Waters,"  which  is  but  a  free  translation  of  its  botanic  name. 


Jliji|U0nt^, 


M 


EN  are  more  eloquent  than 
But  women  are  more  powei 


men  made, 
to  persuade. 


pOW''R  above  pow'rs!     O  heavenly  eloquence! 

That  with  the  strong  rein  of  commanding  words 
Dost  manage,  guide  and  master  th'  eminence 
Of  men's  affections,  more  than  all  their  sw^ords! 
Shall  we  not  offer  to  thv  excellence 
The  richest  treasure  that  our  wit  affords  ? 


-  Raiidnlph. 

Thou  that  canst  do  much  more  with  one  pe 
Than  all  the  powers  of  princes  can  effect ; 
And  draw,  divert,  dispose  and  fashion  men 
Better  than  force  or  rigor  can  direct! 
.Should  we  this  ornament  of  glory  then. 
As  tir  unmaterial  fruits  of  shades  neglect.' 


li 


■I  IT  HEN  he  spoke 

what  tender  words  he 

is'd, 

**     So  softly,  that 

like  flakes  of  feather'd 

snow 

They  melted  a>  the 

•   fell. 

~D, 

^^ 


i 


Saliv   Balnjlonica.      Naturai.  Order:  Sa/icacccc^Wi/hzi-  Family. 


V^OT  unlike  a  mass  of  fringe,  it  might  be  fancied,  is  a  clump 
ot  Willows  as  seen  against  the  sk}-,  the  small  pointed  foliage 
and  slender  twigs  producing  that  hazy,  indistinct  eftect.  It  is 
a  pleasing  tree  either  when  single  or  in  groups,  often  indulg- 
-^-^  mg  in  strange  and  grotesque  contortions  in  its  trunk  and 
*-,^^  blanches,  which  are  most  agreeable  to  an  artist's  eye,  espe- 
1 1  ilh  w  hen  surrounded  by  trees  of  more  prim  and  dignified  bearing. 
11  h  all  the  varieties  have  an  affinity  for  locations  near  streams 
I  ponds,  or  for  low,  wet  meadow-lands,  where  the}-  flourish  in 
liL  ibundant  moisture.  They  do  not  disdain,  however,  to  grow  in 
othci  and  dryer  localities,  as  the  many  promising  shade  trees  will 
tLstit\  Being  easily  propagated,  it  is  probably  one  of  the  most 
W-^"  desiiable  tiees  for  speedy  growth.  The  Weeping  Willow  differs  from 
'\\h  the  common  species  merely  in  having  long,  pendulous  branches,  from 
which  It  leceues  its  name,  and  in  memory  of  the  Israelilish  assemblage 
mentioned  in  Psalm  cxxxvii.,  that  hung  their  harps  upon  the  Willows  and  wept 
by  the  waters  of  Babylon. 


23rlantl|al^. 


/"'OME,  rouse  thee,  dearest!    't 
^        To  let  the  spirit  brood 
Thus  darlily  o'er  the  cares  that 

Life's  current  to  a  flood. 
As  brooks  and  torrents,  rivers. 


Alb  the  drain'd  fountain,  fill'd  with  autumn  leaves. 
The  field  swept  naked  of  its  garner'd  sheaves; 
So  wastes  at  noon  the  promise  of  our  dawn. 
The  springs  all  choking,  and  the  harvest  gone. 

-O.  n:  Holnus. 
Increase  the  gulf  in   which  thev  fall, 
Such  thoughts,  by  gathering  up  tlie  rills 
Of  lesser  griefs,  spread  real  ills; 
And  with  their  gloomv  sli.ides  conceal 
The  landmarks  Hope  would  else  reveal. 


not  well 


veil  ■ 


DL'T  hail!    thou  goddess,  sage  and  holy 
^   Hail!    divinest  melancholy! 
Whose  saintly  vi.sage  is  too  briijhl 


To  hit  the  sense  of  human  sight. 
And  therefore  to  our  weaker  viev 
O'erlaid  with  black,  staid   wisdom' 


(•[riticum   milgarc.      Naturai,  Order:   Gi-a»tinca: — Grass  Family. 


1 


NSURPASSED    in   value,   and   of  a   beauty   based   upon    its 

intrinsic  merits,  the  Wheat  plant  is  decidedly  the  most  useful, 

widely  dispersed,  and  most  essential    plant  in  cultivation.     No 

other  product  forms   so  entirely  the  support  of  man,  and  none 

.     other  is    more   prolific  in   its   yield    under   favorable  circum- 

t    stances.      The   growing  grain   is  a  pleasing    sight  from   the 

time  it  first  spreads  its  mantle  of  green  over  the  fields  till  it  stands  in 

golden  beauty,  bending  the  stalks  with  their  wealth,  and  culminates  in 

a  ripened  and  bountiful  harvest.     Wheat  is  supposed  to  have  originated 

in  Asia,  on  the  high  table  lands  of  Thibet,  where  it  still  grows  in  its 

primitive   state,  an   humble   and  grasslike   plant,  with  very  small    seeds. 

Ceres  is  called  the  goddess  of  the  harvest,  and  the  mythological  writers 

say  that  before  her  time  the  earth  was  rough,  and  covered  with  briers 

and  unprofitable  plants. 

"  Ceres  was  she  who  first  our  furrows  plough'd, 
Who  gave  sweet  fruits  and  easy  food  allow'd; 
Ceres  first  tamed  us  with  her  gentle  laws, 
From  her  kind  hand  the  world  subsistence  draws." 


\n\ 


t%. 


R 


ABUNDANCE  is  a  blessing  to  the  wise 
^  ^   The  use  of  riches  in  discretion  lies; 


ICHES,  like  insects,  while  concealed  they  lie, 
Wait  but  for  wings,  and  in  their  seasons  fly. 

—Pope. 

P  XTOL  not  riches  then,  the  toil  of  fools. 


Learn  this,  ye  men  of  wealth - 
In   a  fool's  pocket  is  a  heavy  ( 


-a  heav 


The  wise  man's  cumbrance,  if  not  snare,  more 
To  slacken  virtue,  and  abate  her  edge,  [apt 

Than  prompt  her  to  do  aught  may  merit  praise. 


-Milton. 


mu 

■U^- 


'T'HERE  is  no  comfort  but  in  outward  showing 

In  al!  the  servile  homage  paid  to  dross; 
Better  to  heart  and  soul  the  silent  knowing 
Our  little  store  has  not  been  gained  by   loss. 

John  Boyle  O'Reilly. 


1? 


II 


'*^. 


(iO\hit«  Malm  lit 

i?lUllanS    cilUTCa.       Natural  Order;    yHglaiidaccLC—Walnitt  Fami/y. 


VERYWHERE  throughout  our  country,  but  more  especially 
^^  ,  in  the  Northern  and  Middle  States,  the  White  Walnut,  per- 
'i"^  'haps  more  commonly  known  as  the  Butternut,  is  to  be  tbund. 
The  former  is  the  more  proper  designation,  as  it  belongs 
y  s  among  the  true  Walnuts.  The  trunk  is  usually  rather  short, 
but  large  in  girth.  The  branches  spread  horizontally,  giving 
It  a  large,  rounded  head,  sometimes  thirty  or  lbrt_\-  teet  high.  The 
foliage  has  a  plumy  appearance,  eacli  leaf  being  composed  of  se\eral 
leaflets  arranged  in  pairs  along  a  stem,  with  a  single  one  to  terminate 
the  point.  The  nut  is  elongated  in  shape,  and  encased  in  a  husk  or 
sheath  that  is  inseparable  from  it,  and  in  that  respect  differing  from 
other  Walnuts.  The  kernel  is  very  sweet,  pleasant-flavored,  and  rich 
in  oil,  which  gives  it  its  most  familiar  synonym.  The  wood  is  useful 
in  some  of  the  arts.  The  bark  is  used  in  medicine  as  a  cathartic,  and  bv  dvers 
to  produce  a  brown  dye. 


Unbrrslftnbinq* 


^ET  I  douht   I 
^      And  the  tho 


ights 


gli   the 
men  ai 


small  pow 


'yiME  ha 

^     O'er  features  the  mind  molds.     Roses,  where 
They  once  have  blooni'd,  a  fragrance  leave  behind; 
And  harmony  will  linger  on  the  wind ; 
And  suns  continue  to  lisht  up  the  air. 


:s  one  increasmg  purpose  runs, 
videned  with  the  process  of  the  suns. 

—  Temiyson. 

When  set;   and  music  from  the  broken  shrine 
Breathes,  it  is  said,  around  whose  altar-stone 
His  flower  the  votary  has  ceased   to  twine  -^ 
Types  of  the  beauty  that,  when  youth  is  gone,    [cli 
Breathes  tVom  the  soul  whose  brig;htness  mocks  ( 


Gfo, 


■ll^ITH   mind   her  mantling  , 

Her  voice,  her  beaming 
An  all-inspiring  soul. 


eek 


-L.-ri  Frhl 


YjIND,  despatch'd  upon  the  busy  toil,  [soil:  She  should  imbue  the  tongue  with  what  she  si] 

'■  '   Should  range  where  Providence  has  blessed  the  And  shed  the  balmy  blessings  on  the  lips, 

\'isiting  every   flovv'r  with   labor  meet.  That  good   diffused  may   more  abundant  grow. 

And  gathering  all  her  treasures  sweet  by  sweet.  And  speech  may  praise  the  pow'r  that  bids  it  Ho 


j^^ 


IpljllSalis   !^ll\fl\CnC|i.       Natural  Order:   So/a/nrccic — Xig/ils/nn/c  Family. 


ill    pi  ints   this   is   perhaps    the    most   variously   named,   heini^ 

ilkcl  indifleiently  Ground  Cherry,  Winter  Cherr}-,  and  Straw - 

m    lonnto      The   first   name   is   applicable  to  several  of  the 

line    ^enus     because    ot"  their   habit,    bein^    merelv   straggling, 

hubiceous    plants    of    low    statuie.       It    belongs    to    what    is 

^  v^    el  issed  as  the  Nightshade   family,  which  embraces   plants   not 

'  onl}    pi  educing  floweis  to  gratify  the  eye,  but  fruits  for  the  sustenance 

^'-  ")  of  man   and  the  pleasing  of  his  palate  —  as  the  tomato,  potato,  and  egg 

plant      1  he    \\  intei    C  herrv   is    found    in    gardens   and   cultivated    fields, 

enous   to  the  soil,  though  in  some  instances  care  is 


i 

'jlil*' -'     £n\en   it    which  ol   course   improves   its  qualit\-.     The  fruit  is  about  the 


i 


yjr ''     g'^en    it    which  ol   Cw,.,,,^    ..■■p,v.,^o   i..,  vj.....,.,.      .  ,,^    ......  ,o  .. 

n  /\^— '  "^'ze  of  a  stiawbeii}  or  cheny,  being  3-ellowish  in  color,  and  remains 
f.  s  s,  on  the  plant  during  winter,  which  explains  its  second  synonym,  while 
the  third  is  sufficiently  apparent.  The  berry  is  surrounded  by  a  bladder-like 
calyx,  which  hides  as  well  as  protects  it,  whence  the  name  Physalis,  from  the 
Greek,  denoting  a  bladder. 

ATOU  vow,  and  swear,  and  super-praise  niv  parts, 
When   I  am  sure  you  hiite  me  in  your  liearts. 

AH  !  many  hearts  have  changed  since  we  two  parted,     And  some  we  trusted  with  a   fond  beheving. 
And  many  grown  apart  as  time  hath  sped —  Have  turn'd  and  stung  us  to  the  bosom's  core; 

Till  we  have  almost  deem'd  that  the  true-hearted       And  lite  hath  seeni'd  but  as  a  ^ain  deceiving. 
Abided  only  with   the  laithlul  dead.  From  which  we  turn  aside,  heart-sick  and  sore. 

—Mrs.   C.  .1/.   Chandler. 

AN  open   foe  may  pro\'e  a  curse. 
But  a  pretended  friend  is  worse. 

-Gay. 
'\\1\WX  man  so  wise,  what  earthly  wit  so  ware,      To  seem  like  truth,  whose  shape  she  well  can  feign, 

As  to  descry  the  crafty,  cunning  train  And  fitting  gestures  to  her  purpose  frame, 

By  which  deceit  doth  mask  in  visor  fair,  The  guiltless  man  with  guile  to  entertain .= 

And  cast  her  colors,  dyed  deep  in  grain,  —Sfe?iser. 


m 


itdt  llaxtt. 


f)ailianiclis    birginiana.       Natural  Order:  HamamelaceLC — Witch  Hazel  Family. 


WADA  and  various  parts  of  the  United  States  produce  this 
luge    shrub   about    as    commonly  as  Virginia,  from  which   it 
tJLines  Its  distinctive  qualification;  its  name,  the  Greek  appel- 
tne  ot  the  medlar,  has  been  misapplied  b}'  a  mistake  which 
It  IS  now   hard  to  rectity.      The  small  branches  were  formerly 
used    to    discover    veins    of  water    and    precious    metals;   and 
there   aie  those  who   have   inherited  sufficient  superstition   to  still  have 
faith    in    their    efficiency.      We    have    seen   wells   said    to   ha\e    been  so 
located,  but    how  an    unconscious    piece  of  hazel    should   be   more  wise 
than    man,  is    more   than   can   be  divined.      A   recent   theory  is,  that    it 
may  be  through  some  law  of  electricity  not  jet  understood.     The  mode 
of  procedure   is  in   this   manner:     A   branch    that  is  forked  is   held,  one 
branch   in  each   hand,  the  main   end   pointing  upward;    the   moment  that 
it  passes  over  water,  it  turns  around  and  points  to  the  earth.     It  is  said, 
not  to  turn  in  the  hands  of  evervone. 


however. 


H.WE   led  a  life  too  stirring  for  those  vague  beliefs 
Tliat  superstition   builds  in  solitude.  —Miss  Landon. 


/~VUR  witches  are  no  longer  old 
^^   And  wrinkled  beldames,  Satan-sold, 
But  young  and  gay  and  laughing  creatures. 
With  the  heart's  sunshine  on  their  features: 
Their  sorcery  —  the  light  which  dances 


When  the  raised  lid  unvails  its  glances, 
And  the  low-breathed  and  gentle  tone 
Faintly  responding  unto  ours. 
Soft,  dreamlike  as  a  fairy's  moan, 
.\boye  its   nightly  closing  flowers. 


W 


-  WhittUr. 


HAT  are  these,  so  wither'd  and  so  wild  in  their  attire. 
That  look   not  like  the  inhabitants  o'  the  earth. 


.\nd  vet  are  on  't? 
■nUT  the  witch-hazel's  rtower 

Of  golden  vehet.  opening  when  the  storm 
Comes  on  the  wings  of  w  inter  to  deform,    [hour 
Charms  with  contrasting  bloom  while  ruin  rules  the 
-Aljred  B.  ^tre.l. 


—  Shakespeare. 
KNOW — whereon  the  sirens  s 
\x\  island  in  a  dark-green  sea. 


Oft  at  the  wind's  o\ 

I  sail  my  boat  delighted! 


past  It 


m 


3^' 


J 


Sf 


-^^^ 


£ 


0rmi¥00j^* 


Artemisia   absintl)Ullll.      Natural  Order:    Conipositit  —  Aster  Family. 


KTEMISIA   (so  called   in  honor  of  the    goddess  Artemis,  the 
Greek  equivalent  of  the  Roman    Diana  ^,  or,  in  our  vernacu- 
•   lar.   Wormwood,    is    an    intensely  bitter    plant,    and    has    very 
powerful  medicinal  properties.     Its  flowers  are  yellow,  and  it 
^     is  to   some  extent    naturalized    in   the   mountainous  districts 
,  ."^   of  our  Northern   States.      Columella,   the   Latin  writer  on 
agiiLulture   of  the   first   century  of  our  era,  mentions  both  the   plant 
and  absmthites,  or  Wormwood  wine;   and  the  celebrated  Greek  med- 
ical   and    botanical   writer,   Dioscorides,   also   speaks   of  it   perhaps   a 
century  later.     The  Roman  Wormwood  is  the  kind  usually  found  in 
ur  gardens,  and  is  a  native  of  Austria  and  other  parts  of  Europe. 


Y 


E  flowers  that  droop,  forsaken  by  the  spring; 
Ye  birds  that,  left  by  summer,  cease  to  sing; 


Ye  trees  that  fade  when  autumn  heats  remove: 

Say,  is  not  absence  death  to  those  who  love?      —Pope. 


TIKE  as  the  culver  on  the  bared  bough, 

Sits  mourning  for  the  absence  of  her  mate, 
And  in  her  songs  sends  many  a  wishful  vow 
For  his  return  that  seems  to  linger  late: 


So  I,  alone  now   left,  disconsolate. 

Mourn  to  myself  the  absence  of  my  love; 

And,  wandering  here  and  there  all  desolate,     [dove. 
Seek,  with  my  plaints,  to  match  that   mournful 


-spe„ 


QHORT  absence  hurt   him   more, 
^    And  made  his  wound  far  greater  than  before; 
Absence  not  long  enough  to  root  out  quite 
All   love,  increases  lo\e  at  second  sight. 

—  Thomas  May- 


rVA  Absence!    by  thy  stern  decree 

^   How  many  a  heart,  once  light  and  free, 

Is  fill'd  with  doubts  and   fears! 
Thy  days  like  tedious  weeks  do  seem. 
Thy  weeks  slow-moving  months  we  deem, 

Thy  months  long-lingering  years. 


"11  THAT  tender  strains  of  pa 
•  •     The  pangs  of  absence  to 


1  can  imp 
)  an  amorous  1 
of  language   p 


Far,  far  too  faint  the  pow 
Language,  that  slow  interpreter  of  love! 
Souls  paired  like  ours,  like  ours  to  union 
Converse  by  silent  sympathy  of  thought. 


«rougl 
Pattison, 


^Cl)illca   lilillcfolium.      Natural  Order:    Compositcc— Aster  Family. 


\STURES  and  old  fields  throughout  the  Northern  States  are 
iht  favorite  haunts  of  the  Yarrow.  The  stem  is  about  a  foot 
hi_;h.  The  foliage  is  cut  or  parted  into  numerous  divisions, 
thereby  giving  it  the  name  of  Milfoil,  from  the  Latin  milk 
^5^  JoUa.,  signifying  a  thousand  leaves.  Achilles  was  said  to 
^"'^  '-^  have  discovered  its  medicinal  properties  while  studying  bot- 
l  an^  under  Chiron  the  centaur,  from  which  circumstance  it  has  been 
honored  with  his  name.  The  flowers  are  white  or  rose-colored,  and 
bloom  in  flat-topped  corymbs  from  June  to  autumn.  The  whole  plant 
has  a  pungent  taste  and  aromatic  odor.  A.  ptarmica  (from  the  Greek 
plairein,  to  sneeze),  or  Sneezewort,  is  another  variety,  run  wild  in 
many  places,  but  also  sometimes  cultivated  in  gardens. 


ar. 


T  S  death  more  cruel  from  a  private 

Than  in  the  field,  from  murdering  swords  of  thousands? 
Or  does  the  number  slain  make  slaughter  glorious? 


-OUer. 


T 


wo  troops  in  fair  array  one  moment  show'd,     The  steeds  without  their  riders 


the  field. 


The  next,  a  field  with  fallen  bodies  sti-ow'd: 
Not  half  the  number  in  ther  seats  are  found, 
But  men  and  steeds  lie  groveling  on  the  ground 
The  points  of  spears  are  stuck   within  the  shield. 


T 


The  knights  unhorsed,  on  foot  renew  the  figlit; 
The  glittering  falchions  cast  a  gleaming  light. 
Hauberks  and  helms  are  hew'd  with  many  a  wound. 
Out  spins  the  streaming  blood,  and  dyes  the  ground. 
— Dryden. 
WA.S  blow  for  blow,  disputing  inch  by  inch, 
For  one  would  not  retreat,  nor  t'  other  flinch. 


War,   my   lord, 
Is  of  eternal   use  to  human  kind ; 
For  ever  and  anon,  when  you  have  pass'd 


A  few  dull  years  in  peace  and  propagation. 
The  world  is  overstock 'd  with  fools,  and  we 
A  pestilence,  at  least,  if  not  a  hero.  —j 


H 


E  is  unwise  that   to  a  market  goes. 
Where  there  is  nothing  to  be  sold  but  blows. 
-AUyu 


J 


^ 


mtw. 


(HaiUS   baccata.      Natural  Order:    Taxacece — Ycil'  Family. 


-ITH  a  trunk  of  large  girth,  and  broad-speading  branches,  the 
European  Yew  is  a  tree  of  low  stature.  Associated,  as  it 
nearly  always  is,  with  the  burial  places  of  the  dead,  it 
has  among  all  nations  become  an  acknowledged  emblem 
of  sorrow.  Either  through  the  nourishment  of  the  soil  be- 
h  h  coming  wholly  exhausted,  or  because  of  the  shadow  cast  by  its 
foliage,  little  if  anything  grows  beneath  its  shade;  and  an  old  idea  is, 
that  to  sleep  beneath  its  branches  benumbs  or  stupefies  the  brain.  The 
Latin  synonym  is  derived  from  the  original  Greek  name  taxus.  On 
account  of  its  pernicious  qualities  the  ancient  poets,  as  Ovid,  Silius  and 
Lucanus,  considered  it  the  "tree  of  the  infernal  regions."  There  are 
some  fift}-  species  scattered  throughout  the  temperate  zone,  several  of 
them  being  mere  shrubs.  The  Dwarf  Yew,  or  Ground  Hemlock,  is 
found  in  Canada  and  our  Northern  States,  inhabiting  a  rocky  soil  and  shady, 
cool  places,  where  it  grows  to  a  height  of  about  three  feet.  It  produces  a  small, 
red,  waxy-looking  berry,  open  at  the  top,  which  surrounds  a  single  black  seed. 


> AST  sorrows,  let  us  niod'ratelv   lament   them : 
For  those  to  come,  seek  wisely  to  prevent  then 


iNE   fire  burns  out  anc 

One  pain  is  lessen'd 

Turn  giddv,  and  be  help' 


another's  anguish ; 
»y  backward  turnine"; 


TT  1 
^    Y 


T' 


/^NE   fire  burns  out  another's  burning;  One  desp'rate  grief"  cure  with  another's  languish; 

^-^    Drio  nail   I't  loccon'^   K„  o.i.Afiiorv-   o.,„.,:..i, .  Take  thou  some  new  infection  to  the  eve, 

And  the  rank  poison  of  the  old  will  die. 

~Slia/:esf€are. 
breathes  no  sigh,  it  sheds  no  tear, 

consumes  the  heart.       —Slieridmi. 
AMAZ'D  he  stands,  nor  voice  nor  body  stirs;         Oppress'd  with  grief,  his  passion  had  no  bound; 

Words  had  no  passage,  tears  no  issue  found;  Striving  to  tell  his  woes,  words  would  not  come; 
For  sorrow  shut  up  words,  wrath  kept  in  tears;  For  light  cares  speak  when  mighty  griefs  are  dumb. 
Confused  effects  each  othei-  do  confound : 

*HE   good  are  better  made  bv  ill; 
And  odors  crushed  are  sweeter  still! 

5-4 


-Daniel. 


iM-jCCpI'. 


1 


gucta  filamentosa. 


Natural  Order:  Liliacea:  —  Lily  Farnily. 


% 


GRASS  is  a  common  svnonvm  for  Yucca,  the  alDoriginal 
n  line    of  this    plant,    which    compares    not    unfavorably  with 
lie   Aloe    among   foliage    plants.      The    leaves    are    stiff  and 
^      sliarp-pointed,  forming  a  mass  some  two  or  three  feet  broad, 
*:v     and  even  more  in  old  plants.     There  are  six  or  seven  species 
Vj^jO'Q   or    individual    plants,    differing    somewhat    in    their    style    of 
f,       foliage,    vet    with    a    strong    similarity    noticeable    in    them    all. 
Tlic\    do  not  bloom  until  quite  large,  when  a  tall  stem  rises  from  the 
enter,  from  three  to  four  feet   high, '  sometimes    producing   from    "two 
o  four  hundred  bell-shaped  florets."     All  the  species  are  natives  of  the 
Southern    States,  and  each   and   all    make   a   fine   and    imposing  appear- 
f^jki*    ance   in   the   garden   or  on   the   lawn.     The  Yucca  filamentosa  has  long 
threads  trailing  from   the   margins  of  the   sharp-pointed    leaves,  whence 
sometimes  called  Adam  and  Eve's  Needle  and  Thread. 


>lf;ijrili 


A  MAX  in  authority 
A  candle  in  the  w 
Or  blown  out  than  unc 


A  JOT  tVom   gray  hairs  a 
^  '    Nor  from  bald  heads,  : 


iithority  doth  flow, 
lor  from  a  wrinkled  brow ; 
But  our  past  life,  when  yirtuously  spent, 
Must  to  our  age  those  happy   fruits  present. 


'  ami  Fletcher. 


H";:: 


doth  not  nicely  prank 

nquant  pomp,  as  some  of  meanest  rank. 
But  armed  in  steel;   that  bright  habiliment 
Is  his  rich   yalor's  sole  rich  ornament. 

-  Joshua  Sylvester. 


i 


TJENCEFORTH   in  my  name 

Take  courage,  O  thou  woman  !  man,  take  hope ! 
Your  graves  shall  be  as  smooth  as  Eden's  sward. 
Beneath  the  steps  of  your  prospective  thoughts; 
And  one  step  past  them,  a  new  Eden  gate 
Shall  open  on  a  hinge  of  harmony. 


And   let  you  through  to  mercy.     Ye  shall  fall 
Xo  more,  within  that  Eden,  nor  pass  out 
Any  more  from  it.     Live  and  love, — 
Doing  both  nobly,  because  lowlily ! 
Live  and  work, —  strongly,  because  patiently! 

—^frs.  Brov.'nmg. 


325 


J 


^^ 


r 


Simiiia<. 


1 


Zinnia   elegaUS.      Natural  Order:    Cofupositce — Aster  Family. 

,yj^  INNIA  was  named  in  honor  of  John  Godfrey  Zinn,  a  Ger- 

'>/'"  ^  man  botanist  who  flourished  in   1757,  when  the  science  was 

I      in   its  intancy.     In   the  cultivated  plant  of  today  can   hardly 

'y^  be  recognized  the   primitive  flower  found  in  the  fields  and 

roadsides  of  the  Southern  States,  which,  even  in  its  simplest 

p '    ^  "v^    form,  has  been  considered  handsome.     Formerly  the  blossom 

was  only  scarlet,  and  single;   but  care  in  propagation  has  doubled  it 

/o    to  the  center,  and  it  has  sported   into  hues  many,  rich  and  varied. 

WThe    flower    perishes    slowly    without    closing    its    petals,    losing    its 

bright  tints  and  assuming  more  sobriety  as  its  daj's  are  numbered. 

On  this  account  it  is  sometimes  called  Youth  and  Old  Age. 


L^ 


Wi 


li^Dug]|ls  in  jltssnt^. 

OVE  reckons  hours  for  months,  and  d.iys  for  years; 
And  every  Httle  absence   is  an  age.  —Drvden. 

TELL  him  I  1 


-s     r\  TELL  him  I  have  sat  these  three  long   hours 
>'     ^   Counting  the  weary  beatings  of  the  clock, 


:AT  shall  I  do  with  all  the  days  and  hours 
That    must   be  counted   ere  I  see  thy  face? 
How  shall   I  charm  the  interval  that  lowers  Which  slowly  portion'd  out  the  promis'd   time 

Between  this  time  and  that  sweet  time  of  grace?     That  brought   him  not  to  bless  me  with  his  sight! 
—Frances  Anne  Kemble.  —Joanna  Baillie. 

T    WEPT  thy  absence,  o'er  and  o'er  again, 

*■  Thinking  of  thee,  still  thee,  till  thought  gi-ew  pain. 

And  memory,  like  a  drop  th.at  night  and  day 

Falls  cold  and  ceaseless,  wore  mv  heart  away! 


r^ALL  thou  ine  home!   from  thee  apart 
^  Faintly  and  low  my  pulses  beat. 
As  if  the  life-blood  of  my  heart 

Within  thine  own  heart  holds  its  seat, 
And  floweth  only  where  thou  art. 

—^^rs.  E.  Oaks  Smith. 


m 


qrHERE  'S  not  an  hour 
^    Of  day  or  dreaming  night  but  I  am  w 
There  's  not  a  wind  but  whispers  of  thy  1 
And  not  a  flower  that  sleeps  beneath  the 
But  in  its  hues  or  fragrance  tells  a  tale 
Of  thee. 
336 


Proctor.  1 

X 


r 


PART    II 


Cultivation  and  Analysis  of  Plants. 


^ 

^^:» 


W  -'h  y 


^m 


1 


iv^ 


^ 


■■i 


¥ 


^ 


7  ■  »'^  4,F-yf ^^ 


;i 


%W'..    'l«.-".;,r 


^fi^r#^        * "' 


i\ 


:<^m 


■JPrarHrall  flnvunlHv?, 


li 


HE  hand  that  made  such  bountiful  provision  for  the  body, 
was  not  unmindful  of  the  aesthetical  cravings  of  the 
higher- nature  of  man,  so  He  hath  filled  the  air  with 
bird-music  for  the  delight  of  the  ear,  and  hath  planted 
the  fields  and  hung  the  boughs  with  blossoms  that  paint 
themselves  in  a  multiplicitv  of  hues  for  the  gratification 
of  the  eye.  The  two  latter  we  gather  around  us  in 
our  homes,  and  the  songsters  sing  their  sweetest  strains 
regardless  of  the  prison  bars,  while  the  flowers,  during 
their  short  lives,  yield  both  beauty  and  fragrance  from 
their  fragile  bells  as  a  reward  to  the  hand  that  careth  for  and  cherisheth  them.  All 
the  world  love  flowers,  and  are  all  the  better  for  that  love,  for  the  soul  is  refreshed 
while  the  eve  is  pleased  with  their  contemplation.  Children  delight  in  them;  by 
them  young  men  and  maidens  interchange  compliments;  and  to  the  aged  they  sj^eak 
of  a  beautiful  home  beyond  the  tomb.  The  wealthy  pride  themselves  on  their  con- 
servatories and  flower-bedecked  lawns;  people  in  the  middle  walks  of  life  like  to  have 
a  few  in  their  windows  or  on  a  stand  devoted  to  the  purpose;  and  even  the  dingy 
cottages  of  the  poor  are  not  infrequently  adorned  with  at  least  a  single  plant,  often 
the  only  link   apparently  that  binds  the  inmates  to  the  beautiful. 

Having  devoted  a  very  considerable  space  to  the  Language  and  Poetry  of  Flowers, 
the  author  has  thought  that  some  practical  information,  drawn  mainly  from  her  own 
experience,  in  relation  to  the  care  and  cultivation  of  plants,  would  prove  a  useful 
addition  to  the  work.  For  however  one  may  admire  flowers,  through  a  mere  natural 
impulse  or  instinct,  the  cultixation  of  them  requires  taste,  tact,  patience  and  much  pains- 
taking attention.  And  even  these  qualities,  to  be  only  measurably  successful,  demand 
a  solid  substructure  of  information  in  regard  to  the  wants,  peculiarities  and  habits  of 
plants.  It  will,  however,  be  remembered  bv  everv  thoughtful  reader  that  thei'e  are 
but  few  things  in  this  world   worth    knowing  that  do  not  require  much   patient   atten- 

329 


f 


CULTIVATIOX  A.XD   ANALYSIS   OF  PLANTS. 

tion ;  and  the  amateur  culturist  must  therefore  not  be  discouraged.  Few  studies  will 
better  repay  one  than  floriculture,  in  the  charms  of  the  gentle,  peaceful  influence 
which  it  throws  around  the  human  soul.      In  the  language  of  the  poet  Wordsworth, 

He  is  happiest  who  hath  power 
To  gather  wisdom  from  a  flower, 
And  wake  his  heart  in  every  hour 
To  pleasant  gratitude. 

Leaving  poetrv  and  the  fascinations  of  flowers,  we  now  propose  to  descend  to  the 
more  material  and  coarser  elements  tiiat  underlie  the  growth  of  plants;  and  "to  begin 
with  the  beginning,"  or  where  the  flowers  begin,  it  becomes  our  duty  to  unfold  what 
is  required,  in  the  way  of  soil,  water,  etc.,  for  the  practical  culture  of  flowers. 


^fe 


SOILS. 

IRST  comes  Loam,  which  plays  so  important  a  part  in  all  vegeta- 
tion, and  which  is  described  as  a  mixture  of  sand,  clay  and  carbonate 
of  lime,  with  the  oxide  of  iron,  magnesia  and  various  salts,  also  decayed 
vegetable  and  animal  matter.     It  varies  in  different  localities  in  regard 
to  depth  as  well  as  quality.     In  soine  places  it  is  brown,  and  in  others 
iT  nearly  or  quite  black,  particularly  in  the  West,  where  in  the  bottom  lands 
of  the    Missouri    it   is    sometimes    found    more  than    thirty  feet  deep,  as 
wells  of  that  depth  have  failed  to  reach  its  bottoin.     If  it  is  stiff  and  heavy, 
the  clay  predominates;  in  which  case  for  flower-beds,  and  indeed  for  farming  pin- 
poses  also,  it  would    be   improved    if  a    moderate    proportion   of  sand    or  stable- 
manure  were  well  worked  through  it  to  make  it  more  porous  and,  as  gardeners 
say,  warmer;  for,  if  the  soil  is  too  cold  and  retentive  of  water,  plants  do  not  thrive. 

Sand  is  a  very  useful  material  in  plant-growing,  especially  in  greenhouse  and  window 
culture;  and,  while  it  contains  no  nutriment,  it  is  sometimes  used  to  grow  some  kinds  of 
bulbs,  to  start  slips,  and,  as  has  been  said,  to  make  soil  more  porous.  Its  uses  are  to  make 
lighter  the  soil  with  which  it  is  mixed,  so  that  the  delicate  roots  can  feel  their  way  through 
it;  to  draw  the  heat  from  the  atmosphere;  and  to  act  as  drainage,  so  that  the  soil  will  not 
sour.  .Silver  sand  is  the  most  recommended,  as  it  is  a  little  coarser  and  sharper,  as  well 
as  cleaner;  but  as  this  is  only  found  in  certain  localities,  other  or  common  sand  can  be 
used  as  a  substitute.  It  should  be  rather  coarse,  and  from  the  surface  when  possible,  if 
for  imtnediate  use,  as  it  will  then  have  been  improved  by  the  action  of  the  air.  It  is  also 
benefited  by  washing,  which  can  be  done  by  putting  a  quantity  in  a  tub,  pouring  water 
upon  it,  stirring  with  a  stick,  and  then  pouring  off  the  water.  The  admixture  with  loam  is 
sometimes  one  part  sand  to  three  or  five  of  the  other,  according  to  the  plants  grown. 

Leaf-Mold  is  one  of  the  most  delightful  soils  for  many  plants,  and  it  is  very  highly 
prized  hy  all  who  occupy  tliemselves  with  their  cultivation.     Leaves  are  frequently  gath- 


^ 


m 


PRACTICAL    FLORICULTURE. 


"5^ 


ered  into  pits  after  they  fall  by  the  action  of  frost,  and  left  until  they  decay ;  but  the 
mold  is  found  more  abundantly  in  the  woods,  particularly  in  hollows  where  the  winter's 
wind  has  drifted  the  leaves,  and  where  they  lie  in  the  damp  and  perish.  Only  think  of 
gathering  into  a  flower-pot,  to  nourish  a  new  plant,  what  has  been  the  shade  of  perhaps  a 
hundred  years,  with  all  its  vanished  glories  of  crimson  and  gold! 

Tlll'f,  or  grass-sods,  is  another  article  much  recommended  for  potting  plants,  and 
should  be  cut  about  three  inches  thick.  This  of  course  must  have  time  given  it  to  rot 
before  it  is  fit  for  use.  Spring  or  summer  is  the  best  time  for  cutting,  when  the  grass  is 
growing,  as  there  is  more  nutriment  in  it.  The  sods  should  be  packed  in  a  heap,  the 
gi-assy  surfaces  toward  each  other.  In  this  state  fermentation  commences,  and  the  vege- 
table portions  decay.  When  this  process  begins,  the  heap  should  be  turned  and  stirred 
repeatedly  with  a  fork,  until  it  finall)^  becomes  a  pulverized  or  crumbled  mass.  It  mav 
then  be  mixed  with  about  an  equal  proportion  of  manure  and  of  leaf-mold,  when  it  is  fit 
for  growing  most  kinds  of  plants. 

Peat  is  a  soil  of  vegetable  origin,  found  mostly  in  low  lands,  especially  in  swamps  or 
what  are  known  as  bogs.  It  is  a  black  mold  consisting  of  roots,  wood  and  kindred  sub- 
stances in  an  entirely  decomposed  condition,  or  undergoing  the  process  of  decay,  and  is 
more  or  less  saturated  with  water.  Some  few  plants,  like  the  Venus's  Flytrap,  Pitcher 
Plant,  Heath,  and  many  varieties  of  Ferns  and  young  Azaleas,  require  this  soil  in  its 
normal  condition  or  slightly  mixed  with  sand;  or,  what  is  still  better,  as  well  as  more 
definite,  a  soil  composed  of  four  parts  peat,  two  of  sand,  one  of  garden-loam,  and  one 
of  leaf-mold.  In  the  greenhouse  and  hothouse  it  is  mixed  in  smaller  proportions  for 
numerous  plants. 

MANURES. 

Manure  should  be  entirely  decomposed,  and  from  two  to  three  years  old,  and  if 
still  older  it  will  be  all  the  better.  Cow-manure  is  far  superior  for  most  uses,  as  it  is  finer 
and  a  more  gentle  stimulant.  The  coarser  manure  from  the  stables  answers  well  for  cov- 
ering flower-beds  in  fall  and  putting  around  shrubs  to  keep  them  from  frost,  roses  rejoicing 
particularly  in  its  great  strength.  In  using  any  solid  manure  for  the  stimulation  of  plant 
growth,  especial  care  should  be  taken  to  incorporate  it  thoroughly  with  the  various  other 
elements  of  the  prepared  soil.  Manure-water  is  prepared  by  placing  the  manure  in  a  tub 
or  other  vessel  and  pouring  boiling  water  thereon.  After  letting  it  stand  until  it  cools,  it 
can  be  drawn  oflT  for  use,  reducing  its  strength  by  the  admixture  of  two  parts  pure  water 
to  one  of  manure-water;  it  is  better  to  apply  it  "weak  and  often."  Manure-water,  or 
liquid  manure,  may  be  made  from  most  of  the  domestic  manures  or  cattle-droppings,  as 
well  as  from  guano,  phosphate  of  lime,  etc.  Sheep-droppings  also  produce  excellent 
liquid  manure  for  many  plants. 

It  may  seem  troublesome  to  think  of  using  so  many  ingredients  for  the  cultivation  of 
flowers,  but  they  are  necessary  to  form  the  different  requisites  for  various  plants  if  one 
proposes  to  keep  many.  Country  amateurs  can  find  most  of  them  close  at  hand ;  and 
persons  living  in  the  city,  if  they  keep  only  a  few  plants,  will  find  it  more  convenient  to 
go  to  some  florist  and  purchase  a  sufficient  quantity  ah^eady  prepared,  always  naming 
the  plants  they  wish  to  raise.     The  florist's  experience  is  of  great  value  to  the  amateur. 


CULTIVATION  AND  ANALYSIS   OF  PLANTS. 


f^ 

«^a 


FLO^VEIt-BEnS. 

.ONSIDERABLE  care  should  be  exercised  in  tlie  preparation  of 
flower-beds,  after  which  they  will  give  less  trouble,  and  will  last  for 
many  years  with  a  little  addition  of  manure  every  fall  or  spring. 
They  may  be  various  in  shape  —  either  round,  triangular,  palm-leaf 
or  stars — or  several  of  one  shape  with  grass  or  paths  between,  grouped 
or  massed  together.  They  should  be  dug  to  the  depth  of  at  least  a 
ot,  and  deeper  if  the  natural  soil  is  stiff  or  heavy.  If  the  soil  is  poor,  it  would 
.isable  to  remove  it  entirely  and  supply  its  place  with  better.  If  the 
lage  is  bad  —  a  wet  soil,  for  instance  —  the  surface  eaith  that  has  been 
-■ned  for  the  bed  should  be  thrown  aside,  and  two  or  three  inches  of  gravel, 
cinders  or  what  is  still  better,  some  long  straw  manure  or  brush,  be  placed 
in  the  bottom,  the  soil  thrown  in  again,  manured  if  necessarv,  the  lumps  well 
beaten  out,  and  the  bed  raked  fine  and  even.  After  this  it  will  require  onlv  to  be  well 
stirred  with  a  digging-fork  every  spring  to  loosen  it  up  a  little.  It  is  better  in  low 
situati<ins  that  the  beds  should  lie  a  little  above  the  surrounding  surface;  but  in  high,  dry 
lawns  exposed  to  the  wind,  it  is  well  to  have  them  a  little  lower,  the  edges  being  trimmed  as 
frequently  as  may  be  required;  or,  if  surri>untlcd  by  gravel  walks,  a  border  of  close-cut 
grass  is  very  neat  as  marking  the  outlines  of  the  bed.  In  some  parts  of  California  flower- 
beds are  well  rolled  down,  to  pack  the  surface,  so  as  to  give  off  less  evaporation  during 
the  months  of  drouth.  The  terra  cotta  manufactured  for  the  purpose,  as  well  as  tiles, 
bricks  standing  on  end  and  touching  sides,  or  thin,  flat  stones  set  in  the  same  manner,  are 
sometimes  used  to  preser\e  beds  from  the  encroachments  of  grass. 

FLOWER-BEDS  IN  RELATION  TO  SYMMETRY  AND  COLOR. 
In  arranging  flower-beds,  some  attention  should  be  paid  to  the  effect  different  plants 
will  produce  when  brought  together.  The  taller  ones  should  go  to  the  center,  and  the 
lower  growing  and  prostrate  ones  toward  the  margins,  so  that  one  will  not  hide  another. 
The  same  rule  applies  to  straight  borders  of  walks,  the  taller  ones  going  back  against  the 
grass.  This  is  usually  easy  to  do,  as  in  most  cases  the  heights  of  plants  are  given  on  seed 
packets.  For  a  fine  display,  too  much  forethought  cannot  be  given  to  the  various  colors 
that  are  to  be  brought  in  contact,  as  some  colors,  though  handsome  in  themselves,  utterlv 
destroy  the  beauty  of  each  other.  For  instance,  scarlet  and  purple  and  some  shades  of 
blue  do  not  afliliate  at  all,  and  are  what  are  called  antagonistic  colors.  We  will  fill  an 
imaginary  bed  with  Verbenas  of  inharmonious  tints  if  put  together  wrongfully,  but  very 
pleasing  and  harmonious  if  rightly  placed.  Our  stock  consists  of  a  dozen  plants  each  of 
scarlet,  purple,  pink  or  rose  color,  and  white.  Placing  the  scarlet  at  one  angle  of  the  bed, 
we  arrange  next  to  it  the  pure  white,  that  harmonizes  everything  in  color  and  reconciles 
natural  antagonism;  adjoining  it  we  plant  our  purples,  and  then  our  rose-tint — and  how 
happily  the  two  latter  combine!  The  pale  tints  of  all  colors  are  more  easy  of  assimilation 
than  the  deep  ones,  but  what  richness  and  depth  of  tone  there  is  in  some  of  the  darker 
ones!  For  display-beds  cut  in  the  lawn  or  grass-plats,  masses  of  one  color  for  each  bed, 
or  at  most  two  complementary  colors,  produce  the  finest  effect. 

i. '1 ^ .sag 


^ 


PR  A  CT/CAL    FL  OKIC  L  A  77  RE. 


In  order  to  determine  in  a  ready  and  simple  way  which  colors  will  he  hest  alongside 
of  each  other,  either  in  beds  of  Howers  or  in  bouquets,  place  a  sheet  of  white  paper  so 
that  the  eye  can  be  suddenly  cast  upon  it;  then  gaze  steadily  upon  the  flower  or  leaves  thai 
it  may  be  wished  to  plant  or  arrange  so  as  to  harmonize  or  form  a  good  juxtaposition; 
after  gazing  two  or  three  minutes,  suddenly  cast  the  eye  on  the  white  paper,  and  the  color 
will  be  seen  that  will  he  best  to  place  near  whatever  has  been  looked  at. 

DEFORMITIES   CONCEALED. 

About  many  neat  and  even  handsome  homes  there  are  oftentimes  dilapidated  buildings, 
sheds  or  fences  that  may  be  hidden  out  of  sight  and  transformed  into  things  of  beauty,  at 
least  during  the  summer  season,  by  the  use  of  some  perennial  climbing  plants.  The 
Ampelopsis  quinquefolia,  Celastrus  scandens,  Clematis  virginiana,  Tecoma  radicans  and 
others  of  the  same  character  (sec  Climbing  Plants,  p.  393),  vvill  serve  this  purpose. 

Many  of  the  annual  climbers  can  also  be  used  to  good  advantage.  The  Echino- 
c>'stis  lobata,  or  Wild  Cucumber,  is  a  rapid  and  luxuriant  grower,  and  has  the  further 
advantage,  not  common  among  climbers,  of  long  racemes  of  sweet-scented  flowers.  A 
singleplant  will  sometimes  cover  a  good-sized  building  in  a  season.  The  Ricinus  com- 
munis, or  Castor-oil  Plant,  though  not  a  climber,  is  often  used  for  this  purpose  in  orna- 
mental grounds,  its  large  and  abundant  peltate  foliage  forming  an  excellent  screen.  The 
Helianthus  annuus,  or  common  Sunflower,  and  the  allied  species,  Helianthus  tuberosus,  or 
Jerusalem  Artichoke,  \\\\\  also  scr\  e  the  same  useful  purpose  in  an  effective  manner. 


■^\  ^~\  f^\\-^-.   ATURALLY  some  amateur  culturists  will  have  occasion  to  use  one 
1^'^    ^  //'^^     or  more  of  the  simpler  methods  of  propagating  plants,  which  are 
J;  v'Tv  v?((S)^i'''"'^    ""  ^^^^^  account  here  subjoined. 
l2T^\>-"y»i£==^SN'  SOWING    SEEDS. 

Ill" sowing  seeds,  some  thought  should  be  had  for  their  size  and  construction. 
Small  ones,  as  the  Portulaca  and  Petunia,  it  is  quite  sufficient  to  scatter  on  the 
ground,  and,  rubbing  the  hand  gently  over  the  surface,  mix  them  with  the  soil. 
For  others  it  is  well  to  mix  them  with  some  finely  pulverized  earth,  and  sow 
both  together.  Larger  seeds,  like  Sweet  Peas,  Four-o'clocks,  Beans,  and 
various  others,  require  planting,  a  process  which  is  different  from  sowing,  inasmuch  as 
the  seeds  are  placed  in  the  earth,  in  proportion  to  their  size,  from  one  to  two  or  more 
inches  apart;  and  none  should  be  embedded  deeper  than  five  times  its  own  diameter.  The 
outer  or  whitish  shell  of  the  Nasturtium,  and  of  some  others  that  have  a  double  shell, 
should  be  removed  with  the  thumb-nail  or  a  knife.  Some  flat  seeds,  like  the  Cobaa, 
should  be  put  in  the  ground  edgewise,  to  prevent  decay.  The  cottony  substance  around 
the  Globe  Amaranth  seeds  should  be  picked  off  for  the  same  reason.     Very  hard  seeds,       ") 

3  M 


I 


CULTIVATION  AND  ANALVSIS   OF  PLANTS. 

like  the  Acacia  and  Sweet  Peas,  should  be  soaked  in  hot  water,  as  also  the  Cypress  Vine 
and  Verbena  seeds.  Verbena  seed  should  be  pushed  lengthwise  into  the  soil,  a  little 
more  than  its  own  length.  Evening  or  just  before  a  shower  is  the  best  time  for  sowing 
seed ;  a  heavy  rain  would  be  apt  to  wash  small  ones  away.  As  soon  as  the  seeds  are  sown, 
a  piece  of  old  carpet  or  other  heavy  cloth  spread  over  them,  secured  from  blowing  away, 
is  a  necessity  for  successful  raising,  to  insure  uniform  temperature  and  moistiue;  and  this 
covering  should  be  retained  imtil  the  seeds  have  sprouted.  After  the  plants  are  up,  or 
when  the  carpet  is  removed,  they  must  be  shaded  with  thin  muslin  or  white  paper.  They 
should  be  sprinkled  with  a  watering-pot  that  has  a  fine  rose-spout,  or,  in  the  absence 
of  such  an  article,  a  small  clothes-broom  dipped  in  water  answers  the  purpose  very  well. 
As  some  small  seeds  produce  plants  disproportionately  large — as,  for  instance.  Mign- 
onette, Sweet  Alyssum,  Petunia,  Portulaca  and  numberless  others  —  they  should  be 
thinned  out  as  soon  as  the  plants  are  sufficiently  established,  leaving  always  the  best.  If 
it  is  desired  to  transplant  any  of  them  to  another  place,  it  will  be  well  if  some  earth  be 
taken  up  with  them.  Certain  plants  transplant  badly,  and  should  be  sown  where  they  are 
to  grow ;  and  we  believe  that  where  such  directions  are  found  on  seed  packets,  it  is  an 
indication  of  their  delicacy  on  that  point. 

CUTTINGS   OR    SLIPS. 

Slips  or  cuttings,  as  the  latter  name  indicates,  are  pieces  cut  from  the  branches  of 
growing  plants,  and  should  rarely  have  less  than  three  joints.  The  old  and  careful  man- 
ner of  cutting  immediately  under  a  joint,  is  the  best,  though  many  plants  will  succeed 
where  this  precaution  is  neglected.  The  leaves  adhering  to  the  joints  are  generally  short- 
ened, that  is,  cut  short,  to  save  unnecessary  waste  of  vital  force.  Cuttings  may  be  inserted 
in  clean,  coarse  sand,  powdered  charcoal,  coarse  brickdust,  or  clear  sawdust,  and  in  pots, 
boxes  or  beds,  in  or  out  of  doors  in  summer,  but  within  doors  only  and  in  a  warm,  moist 
atmosphere,  in  winter. 

Some  cuttings,  as  most  of  the  Geranium  Family,  as  well  as  the  fleshy  and  succulent 
plants,  as  the  Cactuses,  will  strike  readily  in  almost  anything  out  of  doors,  from  May  to 
September.  Soft-wooded  cuttings  of  Oleander  will  strike  in  bottles  of  water;  and  similar 
cuttings  of  Verbenas,  Heliotropes,  Petunias  and  many  others,  will  take  root  in  dishes  of 
sand  and  water,  care  being  taken  not  to  allow  the  sand  to  become  entirely  dry. 

Rose  cuttings  should  be  made  of  shoots  that  are  about  half  ripe,  that  is,  half  way 
between  soft  vegetable  matter  and  hard  wood,  cut  into  lengths  of  three  joints  or  leaves, 
entirel}'  removing  the  lower  leaf.  An  even  temperature  and  a  warm,  moist  situation  are 
demanded  by  rose  cuttings,  while  careful  shading  from  excessive  heat  is  equally  indis- 
pensable. Leaves  of  Begonias,  Hoyas  and  some  other  plants,  will  strike  root  and  form 
new  growths  if  rightly  cared  for. 

In  transplanting  cuttings  after  they  ha\e  rooted,  the  particles  of  matter  that  adhere  to 
the  rootlets  should  be  flirted,  filliped  or  washed  off  before  placing  them  in  their  new 
homes. 

r.  A  Y  p:  R  I  N  G  . 

As  a  rule  this  process  of  propagation  is  mostly  had  recourse  to  early  in  August,  and  is 
accomplished  thus:     A  siioot  of  the  current  year's  growth  should  be  taken  and  cut  about 

^        3^^ ^^^ 


-^^l 


PJi\  1 C  r/C.I  L    FL  ORIC I '/,  7"  ( 'RE. 


half  through  near  a  joint,  when  it  should  be  laid  down  in  the  soil  and  covered  over  with 
moss,  manure  or  other  substance  that  will  retain  moisture  around  the  incision;  and  the 
head  or  end  of  the  shoot  should  be  left  uncovered.  Many  ornamental  shrubs,  such  as 
Snowballs,  Tree  Cranberries  and  the  like,  can  be  raised  only  in  this  manner  or  from  seeds. 

OFFSHOOTS. 

These  form  a  natural  kind  of  layering,  where  the  plant  sends  forth  a  horizontal,  under- 
ground stem  or  shoot,  which  needs  but  to  be  cut  off  from  the  parent  stem  at  the  proper 
season,  to  constitute  an  entirely  distinct  plant.  They  are  nearly  similar  in  character  and 
appearance  to  the  familiar  above-ground  runners  of  the  strawberry  and  many  other  like 
plants. 

BULBS. 

Bulbs  are  mostly  increased  liy  offsets  or  bulblets  formed  on  the  sides  of  the  previous 
growth,  and  generally  require  two  or  more  years  before  they  bloom.  All  bulbs  require  a 
peculiarly  rich,  deep  soil,  and  plenty  of  liquid  manure  while  in  a  growing  state.  They 
are  best  kept  in  a  bed  or  box  by  themselves  to  facilitate  the  extra  attention  necessary  to 
develop  a  strong,  healthy  growth. 


ANY  persons  dread  the  performance  of  this  simple  part  of  flori- 
culture, which  is  not  at  all  difficult  unless  the  plant  is  too  heavy  or 
unwieldy.  First,  there  should  be  in  readiness  some  broken 
potsherds,  bits  of  charcoal,  or  the  like,  lor  drainage,  and  the  extra 
il  for  the  larger  pot  to  which  the  transfer  is  to  be  made.  This  soil 
should  be  thoroughly  damp — not  wet  and  muddy,  but  so  as  to  sift 
nicely  from  the  hand.  The  articles  for  drainage  should  be  placed 
in  the  bottom  of  the  pot  to  the  depth  of  about  half  an  inch,  with  an  additional 
half  inch  of  moss  if  convenient,  after  which  the  whole  should  be  covered  over 
with  a  layer  of  the  earth  prepared  as  above.  The  plant  to  be  transferred  is 
supposed  to  have  been  watered  some  hours  before,  so  that  the  earth  will  not 
crumble  away  from  and  tear  the  roots.  The  right  hand,  with  the  palm  down- 
ward, should  be  placed  over  the  surface  of  the  ball  of  earth  surrounding  the  plant, 
so  that  two  fingers  will  be  on  each  side  of  the  stem;  then  pot  and  plant  should  be  lifted 
bottom  upward  with  the  left  hand,  and  the  pot  gently  struck  against  the  edge  of  a  table, 
when  it  will  ordinarily  come  off. nicely.  Should  it,  however,  prove  rootbound  (that  is, 
with  the  roots  so  crowded  as  to  adhere  to  the  sides  of  the  pot),  a  few  stronger  blows  will 
cause  it  to  relinquish  its  hold.  The  young  rootlets,  if  fresh  and  healthy,  should  not  be 
disturbed;  if  dead  —  as  will  sometimes  be  the  case  from  having  been  either  too  wet  or  too 
dry — they  should  be  cut  off,  as  they  would  be  an  unwholesome  element  in  the  pot,  and 
would  have  a  tendency  to  prevent  the  growth  of  new  and  healthy  ones.  The  large  or 
broken  roots  necessary  to  be  removed  should  be  cut  smoothly  with  a  sharp  knife. 


CVLTIVAriOX  A.VD   A.VALTSIS    OF  PLANTS. 


1 


li 


Witli  vt'iv  large  plants  that  are  too  weighty  to  lift  in  the  hands,  by  putting  a  thick 
bandage  around  their  stems  or  triuiks  to  keep  the  bark  from  being  bruibed,  a  rope  can 
be  attached  with  a  loop  or  loops  through  which  a  stout  stick  can  be  slipped,  when  it  can 
be  lifted,  and  the  ends  of  the  stick  be  rested  on  something  of  sufficient  height,  and  tlie 
pot  or  tub  driven  off.  This  process  generally  requires  assistance;  but  if  alone,  and  we  can 
at  all  raise  the  plant,  and  the  spirit  moves  us  then  and  there  to  make  the  change,  we  fre- 
quently settle  the  matter  by  a  few  energetic  blows  with  a  hammer,  which  leaves  us  with  a 
broken  pot  and  our  plant  free  for  its  hew  home.  In  repotting  such,  care  should  be  used  in 
straightening  out  the  roots  as  far  as  possible  in  various  directions,  to  prevent  matting,  sup- 
porting the  plant  during  the  operation,  and  sifting  the  soil  in  carefully  and  evenly.  If  the 
plant  has  matted  its  roots,  it  is  sometimes  best  to  cut  off  clean  with  a  sharp  knife  the  ball 
of  earth  and  such  rootlets  as  it  may  contain,  about  an  inch  or  more  from  the  bottom.  If 
the  ball  is  found  very  dry,  it  will  be  advisable  to  soak  it  in  a  pail  of  water  until  it  becomes 
thoroughly  saturated,  when  it  should  be  laid  aside  for  a  few  minutes  to  drain  before  being 
repotted. 

The  plant  thus  removed,  with  its  ball  of  earth,  should  be  gently  set  down  in  its  new 
receptacle;  and,  if  found  to  stand  too  high  or  too  low,  earth  must  be  remoxcd  or  added, 
until  the  surface  is  within  about  an  inch  of  the  edge  of  the  pot,  and  carefully  pressed  down 
around  the  plant  to  secure  it  in  its  place,  in  an  erect  position.  It  should  then  be  watered 
and  set  back  a  little  from  the  light,  and  again  watered  about  the  second  or  third  day, 
or  sooner  if  it  begins  to  wilt,  but  sparingly  at  first.  If  the  soil  keeps  moist  after  the  first 
watering,  the  plant  should  have  its  leaves  carefully  damped  two  or  three  times  each  day, 
but  on  no  account  should  water  be  put  on  the  soil  until  it  gets  partially  dry.  This  delay 
is  to  allow  new  roots  a  chance  to  start.  If  a  plant  is  slow  to  start,  it  should  be  placed  on 
a  board,  under  which  a  hot  brick,  or  a  pan  of  boiling  w^ater,  changed  two  or  three  times 
daily,  has  been  set.  Plants  should  be  guarded  against  drying  winds  and  the  heat  of  the 
sun  for  a  few  days,  until  the  roots  shall  have  established  themselves  in  their  new  quarters. 

After  removal  the  foliage  will  generally  fall,  but  only  to  be  replaced  by  such  as  will 
be  healthier  and  more  pleasing  to  the  eye.  Sometimes  our  greatest  expectations  will 
provokingly  disappoint  us,  but  a  true  lover  of  flowers  will  not  be  discouraged  thereby. 

Sometimes  plants  have  to  undergo  the  process  of  being  potted  backward,  as  it  is  called. 
This  is  when  they  are  weak,  diseased,  or  refuse  to  bloom  when  they  have  too  much  root- 
room.  In  this  case  the  plant  is  removed  as  before,  and  the  ball  nicely  and  evenly  trimmed 
and  pressed  into  a  smaller  pot. 

When  soil  is  exhausted,  or  becomes  filled  with  vermin,  it  many  times  benefits  a  plant 
to  wash  the  earth  entirely  from  the  roots,  which  should  be  done  gently  so  as  not  to  injure 
the  young  and  tender  rootlets. 

We  have  frequently  liad  admirable  and  unexpected  success  with  hothouse  plants  in  our 
ordinary  living  room,  where  there  was  no  moisture  except  what  evaporated  from  the 
earth  in  the  pots,  with  an  occasional  pan  of  water  set  upon  the  stove  in  winter.  One  or 
more  pans  of  water,  according  to  the  size  of  the  collection,  placed  near  the  plants  in  a 
hot,  dry  room,  will  facilitate  the  growth;  but  ordinarily,  damping  the  leaves  and  keeping 
them  clean  will  prove  sufficient;  and  this  much  at  least  should  always  be  done.  We  men- 
tion this,  as  many  think  the  raising  of  a  plant  from  the  hothouse  an  impossibility. 

^^ — — 'egg^^ 


m 


PRACTICAL   FLORICULTURE. 


Hothouses  are  usuall\-  built  low,  so  as  to  be  kept  at  a  higher  temperature,  and  water  is 
used  so  freely  that  there  is  a  great  deal  of  moisture  in  the  atmosphere,  which  helps  the 
plants  to  a  growth  something  approaching  what  they  would  have  in  their  tropical  homes. 
When  we  enter  these  low-built  houses,  the  plants  are  so  seductive,  either  through  their 
gorgeous  blossoms  or  ample  and  variegated  foliage,  that  we  can  rarely  resist  the  tempta- 
tion of  carrying  away  one  or  two  trophies,  while  knowing  that  we  cannot  expect  them 
to  thrive  quite  so  well  when  reduced  from  their  high  diet,  as  it  were;  but  yet  we  find  they 
tlo  well  enough  not  to  entirely  discourage  us.  A  few  failures  make  more  lasting  impres- 
sions than  constant  and  complete  success;  and  if  we  study  out  the  causes  of  those  failures, 
the  lessons  will  not  be  too  dearlv  bought. 


5^ 


'OOD  culture  is  secured  as  much  by  care  in  watering  plants  as  by 
.thing  else;  for  if  too  much  water  is  given,  it  is  worse  than  giving 
too  little.  Many  inexperienced  cultivators  have  an  idea  that  to  be 
,  told  to  give  a  plant  plenty  of  moisture  means  to  keep  it  wet  and 
cold  all  the  time.  For  an  intelligent  discrimination  in  this  regard, 
;  of  the  first  necessity  to  understand  the  native  seat  and  habits  of 
the  plant.  The  Fuchsia,  for  instance,  is  a  native  of  Brazil  on  its  mountain 
slopes,  and  is  accustomed  to  a  moist  atmosphere  that  never  becomes  stagnant. 
Like  conditions  must  as  nearly  as  possible  be  artificially  secured  in  our  latitudes; 
it  ;nust  therefore  have  plenty  of  moisture  and  be  guarded  fi-om  strong  sunlight. 
The  Calla  Lily  needs  a  large  quantity  of  water  (in  fact,  will  grow  in  water)  up 
to  the  time  of  flowering;  after  which  it  is  better  to  put  it  in  a  bed  or  border  to 
get  a  season's  rest,  depending  upon  the  clouds  for  its  supplies.  Begonias  and  Ferns  need 
plenty  of  moisture,  but  abhor  stagnation ;  and  it  is  better  to  syringe  water  over  the  leaves 
than  to  be  constantly  drenching  the  soil  around  the  roots. 

A  good  thing  for  the  plants  is  to  let  them  occasionally  go  dry  at  the  roots.  This  is 
nature's  remedy,  for  even  in  the  wettest  climates  there  are  some  dry  periods.  No  plant 
should  be  allowed  to  drop  its  leaves  for  want  of  water;  a  watchful  eye  can  do  more  than 
set  rules  in  the  proper  watering  of  plants.  If  the  leaves  droop,  unless  in  newly  potted 
plants,  water  is  called  for,  and  should  be  applied  to  root  and  leaf.  The  ear  can  also  be 
utilized:  a  knock  on  the  side  of  a  pot  will  disclose  the  need  of  water  by  the  hollow  sound 
emitted,  while  a  dull,  heavy  tone  shows  there  is  already  water  enough. 

If  the  soil  remains  wet  a  long  time  in  a  pot  or  box,  which  is  technicallv  stvled  "water- 
logging," some  means  to  dry  it  should  be  devised,  as  boring  holes  in  the  box,  placing  the 
pot  on  a  warm  stove,  or  on  its  side  to  drain,  or  the  like.  The  smaller  the  pot  or  box, 
the  more  watering  the  plant  requires,  all  things  else  being  equal. 

All  succulent  or  thick-leaved  plants,  after  they  have  made  their  season's  growth,  may 
be  put  away  for  rest,  and  be  left  without  injury,  and  even  to  advantage,  for  many  months, 
deprived  of  water,  in  a  dry  place,  which,  howe\er,  should  be  kept  free  from  frost. 

?^ ^^^ ..^ 


CULTI\.\TIOX   AXD   AXALYSIS    OF  PLAXTH. 


,<7\DERthc    three    teiuib,    Pruuiug,  Cutting  Back  and   Pinching, 

,        -,  ~^  .iif  understood  only  different  degrees  or  forms  of  the  same  process. 

■  -■    "'      'lie  pinching  is  simply  a  milder  pruning  with  the  finger  and  thumb; 

hack  is  mainly  applied  to  the  pruning  off  of  all  dead 

the*  quick,  or  the  restoring  of  a  plant  or  shrub  to  its 

T  jjroper  shape  when  it  has  grown  misshapen  by  neglect.     Pruning  is  best 

'T-V  done  in  the  late  fall  or  early  spring,  while  the  sap  is  at  rest;  it  consists  in 


V-^^\\  r-'/  (v^  >.J'- ,   1  lie  pinching  is 
G'V^-^4^"  ■.--'''-  -tting 

^'■r-  \ty-??\:.      \N<H.d  back  to  tht 


uiy  sprnig,  wnue  tne  sap 

leiuoving  the  useless,  thin,  poor  shoots  of  the  previous  growth.     But   little 

pruning  would  be  needed  in  amateur  culture  if  the  finger  and   thumb,  under 

guidance  of  a   watchful    eye,   were    used    freely  in  removing,  by  what   is 

technically  called   pinching,  all    poor  growths  while  the  shoots   are   soft  and 


IJ^  SECTS. 

>E  pests,  the  bugbear  of  amateurs,  as  a  rule  settle  only  on  plants  that 
are  in  a  slow  state  of  growth,  or  that  are  suffered  to  become  dirty. 
Besides  tlieir  destructi\  euuss,  they  render  plants  untidy  and  soiled; 
and  where  they  liecdiiie  epidemic,  as  it  were,  they  render  them  dis- 
gusting. It  is  only  idleness  m  ignorance  that  allows  insects  to  injure 
plants;  and  those  having  only  a  few  in  pots  have  no  excuse  for  being 
troubled  with  them.  Cleanliness  is  nature's  great  remedy.  When 
e,  the  whole  plant  should  be  washed  with  soapx 

o  or  three  times  into  a  tub  or  pail  of  clean  \\  ater. 

whenexer  necessary,  will  keep  a  large  majority 
uisancc. 


their  first  appear; 

after\vai-d  dipped 

pie  process,  repeat 


L^e  frt)m  the  ; 


FOl 


X  SEC 


Aphis  Rosa". — This  insect,  known  also  as  the  green-fly,  is  one  of  the  most  common 
of  plant  insects,  and  is  so  named  by  reason  of  its  fondness  for  the  tender  shoots  of  ail  species 
of  roses.  .Still  it  is  not  at  all  particular  as  to  diet,  and  feeds  promiscuously  on  almost 
any  plant  upon  which  it  finds  lodgment,  except  perhaps  such  strongly  scented  ones  as 
some  kinds  of  the  Geranium.  Taken  singly,  it  is  not  at  all  repulsive,  being  in  color  the 
most  delicate,  transparent  green,  and  frequently  with  beautiful  gossamer  wings,  and  has, 
for  such  a  small  creature,  a  firm  and  stately  walk.  Collectively  their  destruction  is  great, 
as  all  the  juice  of  the  plant  is  absorbed  to  satisfy  their  insatiable  appetite.  With  watch- 
fulness this  plague  may  be  kept  down  in  small  collections.  Fumigation  is  the  best  remedy 
for  them,  and  this  operation  may  be  performed  either  in  a  room,  close  box  or  barrel, 
by  placing  damp  tobacco-stems  or  lea\  es  on  some  coals,  in  sonic  kind  of  fire-proof  vessel, 
and  care  being  taken  that  they  do  not  blaze.  Most  rough-leaved  plants  cannot  endure 
fumigations,  and  are,  in  greenhouses,  put   under  the  staging  when  this  work   is  going  on. 

\i^ '1 _' 


I'KA CTICAL    FLURIC L  /,  77  'RE. 


ThripS. — These  are  small,  spotted  flics  related  to  the  afhidic,  and  found  on  the  backs 
of  the  lca\es,  though  they  will  attach  themselves  to  any  portion  of  a  neglected  or  unhealthy 
plant.  They  are  not  quite  so  easily  got  rid  of  as  the  green-fly,  but  washing  the  plant  in 
lohacc'o-water,  and  afterward  in  clean  water,  will  drive  them  off.  The  best  remedy  is  a 
solution  of  Gishurst's  Compound,  a  kind  of  soap  sold  by  first-class  seedsmen.  This  will 
not  only  destroy  these  insects,  but  most  others.  The  scaly  bugs  cannot  withstand  it,  and 
angleworms  will  die  if  it  drops  upon  them.  It  also  acts  as  a  stimulant  to  plants,  and  is 
not  enough  known  to  amateurs  in  this  country. 

Red  Spider,  so  called,  known  by  its  classic  name  as  Acarus,  is  an  insidious  enemy  to 
plants.  It  is  a  minute  insect,  but  capable  of  producing  considerable  destruction,  as  it 
feeds  on  the  most  delicate  parts  of  the  leaves,  causing  them  to  soon  perish.  It  is  about 
the  size  of  the  eye  of  a  fine  cambric  needle.  The  body  is  usually  red,  though  sometimes 
brown.  They  congregate  on  the  under  sides  of  the  leaves  in  great  numbers,  where  they 
{i;i:(.\  like  a  herd  of  cattle  on  a  broad  plain. 

When  a  plant  is  suspected  of  being  infested,  or  if  the  leaves  perish  anil  no  other  cause 
is  known,  a  leaf  may  be  turned  over  on  the  finger,  and  held  so  until  the  warmth  passes 
through  it,  when,  if  there  are  any,  they  will  be  seen  like  mere  specks  of  dust  beginning 
to  show  powers  of  locomotion.  The  fine  webs  created  by  this  small,  insignificant 
creature,  clog  and  impair  the  functions  of  the  foliage,  which  are  really  the  lungs 
of  the  plant.  Dryness  of  the  atmosphere  is  very  favorable  to  the  existence  of  this 
insect,  and,  as  it  has  a  repugnance  to  water,  sprinkling,  syringing  or  pinning  wet  cloths  or 
papers  around  individual  plants  at  night,  is  the  remedy.  A  very  good  preventive  is  to 
keep  a  pan  of  water  on  the  stove  in  winter,  as  it  gives  off  a  vapor  to  the  atmosphere.  A 
little  flour  of  sulphur  sprinkled  on  a  heated  brick  or  flat-iron,  placed  where  the  fumes  can 
rise  up  among  the  leaves  of  the  plants,  is  also  an  excellent  remedy. 

Mealy  Bug. — This  is  an  entirely  innocent  looking  insect,  but  yet  at  times  exceedingly 
troublesome  where  plants  are  kept  at  a  high  temperature,  and  is  consequently  found  more 
frequently  in  a  hothouse,  from  whence  it  is  many  times  transferred  to  the  greenhouse. 
It  is  a  small,  oval  insect  about  an  eighth  of  an  inch  in  length,  with  a  slightly  rounded 
back  that  is  covered  over  with  a  short,  white  plush;  the  body  underneath  is  brownish  in 
color,  and  from  the  sides  articulate  several  tin\-  legs.  It  more  often  rests  at  the  axils  of 
the  leaves,  yet  many  times  underneath  them.  Where  they  accumulate  to  a  great  extent, 
whale-oil  soapsuds  is  eflicacious,  or  they  can  be  brushed  off  with  a  small  brush. 

We  have  never  had  them  to  any  great  extent,  and  our  method  is  to  lift  them  off  with 
a  needle,  as  bruising  them  on  the  plant  is  said  to  be  injurious  on  account  of  the  juice  that 
escapes.  The  eggs  are  deposited  in  little,  white,  webby  knots,  and  left  by  the  parent  on 
various  parts  of  the  plant.  Under  the  microscope,  when  torn  asunder  with  two  pins  or 
needles,  so  as  not  to  crush  them,  there  are  revealed  several  brown  eggs — some  half  a 
dozen,  or  less. 

Coccus. — There  are  several  kinds  of  insects  known  under  tiiis  Latin  name,  that  in  our 
vernacular  are  called  scales,  being  in  color  either  brown  or  white.  Thej-  are  a  rounded 
oval,  their  encasement  being  a  glossy,  tough  skin  or  shell.  They  adhere  closel}'  to  the 
leaves  or  stem  on  which  they  feed,  and  are  not  easy  to  dislodge.  As  far  as  our  own  expe- 
rience and  observation  go,  we  find  the  young  to  be  migratory,  but  probably  not   for  any 

339 


^1 


U}  CULTnATIOX  AXU   AXAl.rsli,    Oh    PLAXTS.  |o 

giL-at  length  of  time,  as  we  find  tliem  fixed  wlien  quite  small,  in  which  condition  they 
feed  and  grow.  The  eggs  are  hatched  under  tiie  parent,  and  in  lifting  a  large  one  with  a 
needle  it  is  no  unusual  thing  to  see  the  litter  of  young  run  ahout  in  a  hurried  manner  at 
tlie  unwelcome  disturhance. 

Washing  with  strong  soapsuds  is  a  remedy  for  this  annoyance.  If  picked  off  by  hand, 
wasliing  should  not  be  neglected,  as  it  destroys  the  young;  fumigation  will  not  answer 
so  well.  We  reino\e  them  by  running  a  needle  through  the  crown  of  the  shell, 
and  washing  afterward.  The  white  ones  are  very  partial  to  Oleanders.  They  are  also 
Ibiid  of  Olives,  Camellias,  Acacias,  Calla  Lilies,  Oranges  and  various  evergreen  trees. 

Verbena  Mite. — This  is  a  microscopic  insect  that  destroys  the  plant  for  which  it  is 
named,  as  also  the  Heliotrope  and  other  rough-leaved  plants,  causing  the  foliage  to  turn 
brown.  It  is  difficult  to  dislodge  it,  as  it  cares  but  little  for  water,  fumigations  or  ordinary 
methods.     To  promote  a  vigorous,  healthy  growth  of  the  plant  is  the  best  remedy. 

Roller  Caterpillar. — This  insect,  perhaps  more  commonly  know-n  as  the  Rose  Slug, 
is  the  larvae  of  a  moth,  that  makes  its  appearance  early  in  May  and  laj'S  its  eggs  on  the 
under  side  of  rose  leaves.  These  hatch  out  in  a  few  days,  producing  the  small,  green 
caterpillars,  which  at  once  begin  to  eat  the  lea\cs  on  the  under  side.  Toward  evening 
they  creep  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaves,  where,  if  not  disturbed,  they  will  eat  all  night, 
and  leave  the  foliage  as  if  it  had  been  burned.  With  w  atclifulncss  at  the  proper  time 
they  are  easily  got  rid  of  by  being  carefully  picked  oil'  and  killed,  and  the  first  lot 
disposed  of  is  generally  the  last  of  them  for  the  season.  Hellebore  powder  or  Paris  green 
sprinkled  on  the  leaves  when  they  are  damp  or  wet  will  destroy  them;  but  the  safest 
thing  to  dust  upon  roses  is  soot  from  soft  coal,  for  when  it  washes  ofT  it  acts  as  a  useful 
stimulant.  In  fact,  soot  mixed  with  guano,  in  about  equal  quantities,  and  boiling  water 
poured  upon  them,  make  an  excellent  liquid  manure  for  all  kinds  of  flowers;  which,  when 
diluted  in  the  ratio  of  one  part  to  three  of  clean  water,  may  be  poured  over  the  heads  of 
plants,  keeping  them  free  from  insects  and  at  tlie  same  time  contributing  to  a  healthy 
growth.  It  is  not  advisable  to  use  poisonous  remedies  against  insects;  it  is  far  better  for 
the  plant  as  well  as  its  care-taker  if  the  latter  use  only  the  eye,  the  hand  and  the  great 
natural  cleanser,  pure  water,  with  an  occasional  admixture  of  soap. 

Rose  Beetle. — This  small  insect  derives  its  special  name  from  its  partiality  to  rose 
leaves,  being  seldom  found  on  any  other  plant.  It  is  not  very  destructive  or  numerous, 
and  can  be  easily  disposed  of  by  keeping  the  plants  clean  and  in  good  order.  Thousands 
of  Roses  are  made  unsightly  <ir  destroyed  every  season  b\-  insects  which  a  little  precau- 
tion on  the  pai-t  of  the  culti\  ators,  in  the  timely  application  of  common  remedies,  might 
readily  have  prevented. 

Tobacco  Worm.— This  is  a  worm  which  attacks  other  plants  besides  tobacco,  espe 
cially  creepers,  and  has  a  special  liking  for  the  Ampelopsis  or  Virginia  Creeper.  If  not 
disturbed  it  w  ill  soon  make  its  presence  known  by  eating  off  the  leaves,  and  even  the  ten- 
der shoots,  straight  before  it.  It  generally  appears  in  June,  and  under  various  colors, 
according  to  what  it  feeds  upon.  It  grows  to  a  monstrous  size,  being  sometimes  from  four 
to  six  inches  long,  with  a  formidable  looking  horn;  and  often  shows  fight  when  disturbed. 
Being  large,  there  are  never  very  many  on  one  vine;  and  they  are  taken  ofT  one  by  one 
and  killed.      They  are  the  larv;e_of  what  is  commonly  known  as  the  death's-head  moth. 

340 


i 


m 


m 


PRACTICAL    FLORICULTURE. 


ROOT     WORMS. 


The  enemies  to  plants  are  not  those  alone  that  are  classified  as  foliage  insects  which 
feed  upon  stem,  leaf  and  flower,  but  there  are  others  that  infest  the  soil  and  burrow  among 
the  roots.  These  are  the  most  dangerous,  as  they  often  remain  hidden  until  the  mischief 
is  done.  They  can,  however,  be  detected  by  the  watchful  cultivator,  through  certain 
symptoms,  such  as  stunted  or  retarded  growth,  or  continued  weakness  of  the  plant  without 
any  apparent  cause.  A  good  general  precaution  is,  while  raking  or  sifting  the  soil,  to  cast 
aside  grubs,  chrysalides  and  all  traces  of  insect  life. 

Angleworm. — This  worm,  also  known  as  the  earth-worm,  does  far  more  damage  by 
the  displacing  of  the  earth  than  from  any  actual  injury.  In  tunneling  through  the  soil,  in 
search  of  iiutriinent,  it  swallows  a  portion  of  it,  and  this  is  brought  to  the  surface  and  forms 
what  is  called  a  worm-cast.  The  best  way  to  be  rid  of  these  is  to  turn  the  ball  out  on  the 
hand,  and  where  any  are  seen,  seize  them  before  they  have  a  chance  to  withdraw,  and  pull 
gently  until  they  come  out  entire.  Another  method  is  to  pour  some  weak  lime-water  on 
the  soil,  when  the  worms  will  rush  to  the  surface,  where  they  can  be  destroyed.  An 
application  of  a  teaspoonful  of  liquid  ammonia  in  a  pint  of  water  will  also  force  them  out. 

Milleped. — This  is  a  small,  glossy  worm,  not  infrequently  found  in  leaf-mold,  decay- 
ing vegetation,  and  occasionally  also  upon  the  collar  or  crown  of  a  diseased  plant.  It  has 
a  hardened  or  shelly  covering  composed  of  concentric  rings,  numerous  fringe-like  feet 
which  move  in  an  undulatory  manner,  and  two  delicate  antennje,  and  when  touched  curls 
in  a  ring  with  the  head  inward.  They  are  very  fond  of  moisture,  and  by  laying  a  piece 
of  damp  moss  or  a  folded  piece  of  damp  paper  or  cloth  on  the  soil,  they  will  congregate 
under  it  so  that  they  can  be  taken  off  in  great  numbers.  Where  there  are  many  in  a  pot, 
they  granulate  the  soil  to  such  an  extent  that  plants  cease  to  thrive.  Watering  with  lime- 
water  is  useful  in  destroying  them,  but  a  little  soot  mixed  in  the  soil  is  still  more  effective. 

Cut-worm. — This  is  a  black-gray  slug  which  generally  feeds  on  soft,  young  plants  in 
early  spring,  and  cuts  them  off  about  the  collar,  just  beneath  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
There  is  no  remedy  for  this  slug  but  to  catch  and  kill  it.  To  guard  a  plant  from  its 
approach,  pieces  of  coarse  cardboard,  or  of  tin,  bent  into  a  cylinder,  and  embedded  aliout 
an  inch  in  the  soil,  encircling  the  stem  of  the  plant,  constitutes  a  serviceable  protection. 
Another  good  way  is  to  trap  them  under  sods  of  grass  turned  downward;  they  delight  to 
creep  under  such  covers,  where  they  may  be  picked  up  every  other  day  or  so,  and  killed. 
The  cut-worm  is  the  larvre  of  a  fly  not  unlike  the  mosquito  in  shape,  but  with  a  body 
about  an  inch  in  length,  and  having  long,  awkward  looking  legs.  The  females  have 
thicker  bodies  than  the  males,  and  should  be  destroyed  on  sight.  This  pest  is  so  numerous 
some  years  that  it  destroys  whole  acres  of  herbaceous  plants.  Once  on  the  coast  of  Gal- 
way,  in  Ireland,  the  trees  and  shrubs  in  an  area  of  many  square  miles  dropped  their  leaves 
through  its  having  eaten  all  the  young  roots;  but  the  law  of  nature's  compensations  was 
made  manifest  in  the  increased  prosperity  of  hogs  and  chickens. 

Wire-worm. — This  is  a  reptile  mostly  met  with  near  sloughs  or  damp  places.  It 
lives  upon  the  roots  of  plants,  more  especially  of  Wallflowers  and  Stocks,  and  is  easily 
driven  out  of  pots  or  from  the  roots  by  applying  a  weak  dilution  of  aqua  ammojiia:  —  say 
a  tablcspoonful  to  a  gallon  of  water  —  or  by  a  slight  admixture  of  soot  in  the  soil. 

34' 


^ 


jC^r^ 

CULTIVATION  AXP   AXM.TSIS.  OF  Pf.AXTS. 


V^^%K  ^ISE^S^ES    OF   <PLJLKrTS. 


,      ,ISEASE    seldom    takes   hold   of  plants   while    surrounded    by    such 

';>»*•■  ■  "  '  •  ■     • .... 

'1^     Mich  as  deterioration  of  soil,  overpowering  by  dust  and  dirt,  overcrowd- 


T^: 


ing,  and  the  like.  The  leaves,  being  the  lungs  of  the  plants,  must  be 
sedulously  guarded  from  becoming  clogged  with  dust,  deranged  by 
insects,  or  scorched  by  exceeding  heat,  all  which  are  prolific  sources  of  disease. 
Everything  about  the  roots  and  rootlets  should  be  sweet  —  that  is,  free  from 
offensive  odors  —  and  composed  of  substances  that  are  easily  dissolved  by  rain  or 
water;  for  the  rootlets,  being  the  mouths,  will  refuse  unwholesome  food,  and  the 
plant  will  soon  sicken. 
Mildew. — This  is  a  fine,  minute,  white,  fungus  growth,  not  peculiar  to  plants,  but 
affecting  them  as  well  as  other  things  where  the  conditions  are  favorable.  It  generally 
arises  in  plants  where  an  unequal  temperature  or  distribution  of  moisture  prevails  in  the 
different  parts,  as  when  any  one  portion  is  too  dry,  too  wet  or  too  cold.  It  is  most  easily 
removed  by  applying  through  a  common  pepper-box  a  very  light  dusting  of  flour  of 
sulphur  on  the  parts  affected,  and  prevented  by  maintaining  equal  conditions  in  the  various 
parts  of  the  plant. 

Blackrust.— This  is  a  black,  moist,  fungus  growth  that  is  produced  mostly  by  exces- 
sive moisture  and  the  absence  of  the  necessary  amount  of  warmth.  The  remedy  is  the 
same  as  for  mildew,  with  the  addition  of  securing  greater  heat. 

Damping  Off. — This  disease  is  mostly  caused  by  want  of  air,  changes  of  temperature, 
or  excessive  moisture;  and  therefore  most  frequently  occurs  among  plants,  cuttings  and 
seedlings  that  are  overcrowded.  A  little  powdered,  dry  charcoal,  or  dry  sand,  sprinkled 
in  among  the  plants,  will  help  to  keep  it  down,  when  the  diseased  ones  should  be  care- 
fully remo\x-<l;  and,  if  still  too  crowded,  even  healthy  ones  must  be  sacrificed. 

PRACTICAL    PRECEPTS. 

1 .  Syiinge  the  leaves  of  plants,  unless  in  extremely  cold  weather,  at  least  once  a  day, 
with  water  at  the  temperature  of  the  place  where  they  are  growing;  when  syringing  or 
sprinkling  in  the  hot  sun,  the  plant  should  be  shaded,  otherwise  the  leaves  will  become 
spotted. 

2.  Give  jilants  fresh  air  by  letting  down  the  windows  when  the  outside  tempera- 
ture is  sufficiently  high;   at  other  times  hy  opening  the  doors  into  other  rooms. 

S.  Shield  the  rootlets  of  plants  from  a  too  close  contact  with  the  rays  of  the  sun;  as 
by  encircling  the  pot  in  a  larger  one,  or  by  protecting  the  box  with  a  detached  board  or 
sheet  of  paper  at  some  little  distance,  to  intercept  the  direct  heat. 

4-.  Protect  all  plants  from  extreme  changes  of  temperature,  from  drafts  and  puffs 
of  col.l  air. 

5.  Remember  to  give  plants  their  needed  season  of  rest  after  they  ha\-e  finished 
flowering,  by  w  ithdrawing  them,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  creepers  and  the  like,  into 
the  shade  and  witiiholding  tiie  wonted  sup])lv  of  water. 

34^ 


^c^^ 


/'A'. I CTICAI.    FI. ORIC I 'L TL  RE. 


6.  Relieve  plants  b}-  cutting  off  all  dead  flowers,  leaves  and  branches;  this  will  serve 
to  lengthen  the  season  of  bloom;  but  care  should  be  taken  not  to  allow  the  refuse  to 
accumulate  on  or  around  the  pots  or  beds.  Keep  plants  that  tend  to  a  straggling  or  spin- 
dling growth,  shapely  and  compact  by  cutting  off  all  weak  and  misplaced  shoots. 

7.  Relieve  plants  from  insects  as  soon  as  detected;  do  not  wait  till  tomorrow,  for  liy 
tomorrow  you  may  have  no  plant  worth  speaking  of.  To  keep  your  collection  free, 
examine  and,  if  necessary,  purify  all  new  acquisitions. 

8.  Keep  a  few  cups  of  water  among  house  plants,  to  evaporate;  where  saucers  filled 
with  water  are  used  for  certain  plants,  these  cups  are  unnecessary. 

9.  Where  a  plant  is  grown  with  a  saucer  of  water  underneath,  raise  the  pot  above 
the  water  by  little  wooden  blocks  or  stones. 

10.  Keep  the  soil  sweet  by  occasionally  letting  it  go  a  little  dry,  oi  stirring  it  up 
gently  with  a  fork ;  a  table  fork  will  do  for  house  plants. 

11.  Never  throw  awa}'  soot;  mix  it  in  the  soil,  which  it  will  help  to  fertilize,  while 
it  is  very  effective  in  driving  away  insects;  it  will  also  heighten  and  heautily  the  color 
of  all  red  and  blue  flowers. 

12.  Never  waste  soapsuds;  it  can  be  applied  with  adxantage  to  all  kinds  of  grow- 
ing shrubs  and  plants.  Even  in  winter  it  can  be  utilized  by  being  pourctl  upon  a  manure 
or  compost  heap,  or  where  plants  are  to  grow  the  ensuing  season. 

13.  Use  moss  freely  as  a  topping  for  the  soil  in  pots  and  boxes;  if  put  on  neatly  it  is 
ornamental,  besides  being  useful  in  retaining  moisture  and  protecting  the  upper  rootlets 
until  the  leafage  is  sufficiently  developed  to  discharge  that  function.  Sponges  may  be 
placed  among  plants  and  watered  for  the  like  purpose  of  maintaining  moisture,  being  also 
susceptible  of  ornamentation  by  sowing  in  them  the  common  garden  cress  or  canary  grass. 

14.  Mix  well  all  soils  for  plants;  making  of  the  several  ingredients  one  homogeneous 
mass,  carefully  throwing  out  all  the  lumps,  half-rotted  bits  of  wood,  and  other  refuse. 

15.  Protect  plants  against  heavy  drippings  from  houses,  trees,  and  the  like;  none 
will  thrive  under  such  an  infliction. 

16.  To  insure  a  pleasing  succession  of  flowers  in  plants  of  the  same  species,  select 
different  varieties,  or  set  those  of  the  same  variety  at  different  times;  indeed,  nature 
will,  unaided,  secure  a  partial  continuity,  as  scarcely  any  two  will  bloom  at  the  same  time. 

17.  Throughout  the  flowering  season,  apply  alternately  plenty  of  water  and  weak 
liquid  manure  to  all  bulbous  and  free-blooming  plants.  Where  plants  grow  too  fast,  the 
temperature  should  be  reduced. 

18.  In  watering  house  plants  some  discretion  should  be  used  to  save  carpets  from  the 
drippings;  several  ingenious  contrivances  have  been  devised,  and  they  arc  purchasable  at 
seedstores;  but  most  persons  can  extemporize  their  own. 

19.  Do  not  cut  off  the  withering  leaves  of  bulbous  plants,  but  let  them  die  or  decay 
naturally  and  fall  off  in  due  season,  as  while  the  leaves  decline  the  saj?  goes  back  into  the 
bulb,  replenishing  its  store  of  strength  for  the  ensuing  season. 

20.  Steep  new  pots  to  close  the  pores,  but  allow  them  to  drain  ofl"  licfore  using; 
thoroughly  wash  old  ones,  and  scald  them  to  kill  fungus. 

21.  In  raising  plants,  sow  the  seeds  unsparingly;  it  is  easy  to  weed  out  the  poor  and 
weakly  seedlings,  leaxing  of  the  strongest  as  many  as  may  be  desired  for  \igorous  growth. 

343  _ 


^ ^^i 

CULTIVATION  AND  ANALYSIS   OF  PLANTS.  t  J 

If  it  is  preferred  to  use  home-raised  seed,  always  select  from  the  best-shaped  and  prettiest- 
marked  flowers,  designating  them  while  yet  in  bloom  by  a  system  of  letters  or  other 
marks,  which  will  indicate  their  character  and  color,  written  upon  proper  labels. 

22.  Accustom  plants  to  plenty  of  air  before  permanently  removing  them  out  of  doors; 
or,  when  taken  out,  temporarily  protect  them  from  cold  spells  by  frames  or  otherwise. 

23.  Do  not  pull  up  slips  or  cuttings  to  ascertain  if  they  have  rooted;  this  fact  may  be 
learned  without  prejudice  to  the  rooting  process,  by  probing  at  their  sides;  and,  ordinarily, 
by  noticing  the  character  of  the  leaves  —  vigorous  or  otherwise  —  they  shoot  upward. 

24.  Do  not  paint  the  receptacles  or.  surroundings  of  plants  a  green  color,  as  it  makes 
the  foliage  look  pale  by  contrast;  and,  being  themselves  green,  any  other  color  whatever 
will  pi'oduce  a  better  effect;  dial),  kiiKui,  slate  or  white  forms  a  good  contrast. 

25.  Before  using  tobacco- water  t<>  (k^troy  insects  on  plants,  ascertain  its  strength  by 
experiment  on  a  single  leaf;  if  too  strong;  it  will  discolor  the  leaves  and  hurt  the  plant. 

26.  Put  small  plants  in  small  pots,  transplanting  to  larger  ones  as  they  increase  in 
size;  too  much  room  gives  too  much  moisture,  and  thereby  retards  the  healthy  action  of 
the  rootlets,  which  naturally  seek  the  outside  of  the  ball  of  earth  to  get  air. 

27.  Turn  window  plants  around  to  the  light  once  or  twice  each  day;  otherwise  thev 
will  grow  one-sided. 

28.  Utilize  tulip-beds  and  the  like,  after  the  plants  have  finished  flowering  for  the 
season,  by  sowing  therein  the  seeds  of  annuals,  or  transplanting  thither  some  bedding-out 
plants,  as  Verbenas  and  others. 

29.  On  the  approach  of  a  frosty  night,  prolong  the  freshness  of  window  plants  by 
drawing  them  away  from  the  window,  or  interposing  some  shield  between  them  and  it. 

30.  To  protect  outdoor  plants  and  lengthen  their  period  of  blooming,  on  the  approach 
of  frost  use  heavy  coverings,  as  old  carpets,  quilts,  or  good,  stout  wrapping  papers. 

31.  Use  common  clay  pots  for  immediate  contact  with  plants;  if  the  glazed  kinds  are 
desired  for  ornamental  purposes,  they  should  be  procured  large  enough  to  admit  placing 
the  common  kinds  within  them. 

32.  Wash  salt-water  sand  free  of  salt  before  using  it  around  plants. 

33.  Keep  plant  soil  as  nearly  level  as  possible,  to  insure  uniformity  in  watering  and 
in  applying  liquid  manure;  the  practice  of  piling  up  the  soil  around  the  stems  is  both 
injurious  and  unsightly  in  house  plants. 

34.  If  plants  need  support,  set  the  stakes  firm  in  the  soil,  burning  the  ends  slightly 
where  there  is  danger  of  sprouting. 

35.  To  ripen  the  wood  of  plants,  place  them,  after  the  season  of  flowering,  on  beds 
of  coal  ashes,  as  a  protection  against  worms. 

36.  In  taking  up  plants  in  the  fall,  cut  around  the  plant  so  as  to  mark  out  a  ball  a 
little  smaller  than  the  intended  receptacle.  This  should  be  done  with  a  sharp  knife  or 
spade,  without  reference  to  the  rootlets  that  may  be  cut  away.  Thus  circumscribed,  it 
should  be  allowed  to  remain  a  week  or  ten  days  before  removing,  keeping  the  ball  wet 
meantime,  and  be  then  transferred  on  something  broad  enough  to  sustain  the  whole  ball. 

37.  Do  not  take  up  plants  from  the  open  ground  too  late  in  the  fall  for  winter  grow- 
ing; it  is  better  to  sacrifice  two  or  three  weeks  of  their  beauty  in  their  old  location  outside 
tiiau  to  h:i\e  miserable  looking  plants  inalf  tlie  winter  indoors. 

r._^ 344  _cftJ] 


PNACJ7C AL    FLORfCCL TVRE. 


38.  Give  fresh  air  freely  to  plants  newly  brought  into  the  house,  opening  windows 
and  doors  in  pleasant  weather  for  the  first  four  or  five  days;  the  change  is  great  to  them. 

1  if  they  are  neglected  in  this  respect  their  leaves  will  turn  yellow  and  die. 

39.  Remember  that  liquid  manure  is  to  be  applied  only  when  plants  are  growing: 
and  that  it  is  safest  to  administer  it  weak  and  often. 

40.  Buy  plants  always  from  neighbors  or  well  known  growers:  for  the  first  are  near 
o  remonstrate  with  and  receive  explanations  from  if  anything  is  wrong;  wliile  tiie 
atter  will,  through  care  for  their  own   reputation,  if  for  no  liigher  reason,  be  likely  to  tlo 

you  justice. 

41.  Do  not  waste  time  and  mone}-  on  poor  plants  or  cheap  seeds;  good  ones  will 
iccupy  no  more  room,  and  \\\\\  gi\e  much  more  satisfaction. 

42.  In  house  plants,  pot  the  cuttings,  slips  or  shoots,  before  the  roots  have  grown  too 
;irge;  even  a  single  root,  half  an  inch  or  an  inch  in  length,  will  be  sufficient  to  insure 
uccess. 

43.  If  in  doubt  about  the  treatment  of  a  plant,  study  its  nature,  habits,  and  wants,  as 
[escribed  elsewhere. 

44.  In  cultivating  plants,  be  mindful  of  the  old  adage,  "a  stitch  in  time  saves  nine"; 
and  be  assured  that  continual  watchfulness  is  the  price  of  the  highest  success. 

"  What  landscapes  I  read  in  the  primrose's  looks, 
And  what  pictures  of  pebbled  and  minnow  v  brooks, 

In  the  vetches  that  tangled  the  shore ! 
Earth's  cultureless  buds,  to  my  heart  ye  were  dear, 
Ere  the  fever  of  passions,  or  ague  of  fear, 

H.id  scathed  my  existence's  bloom ; 
Once  I  welcome  you  more,  in  life's  passionless  stage, 
With  the  visions  of  youth  to  re-visit  my  age, 

And  I  wish  you  to  grow  on  my  tomb." 


li 


^^- 


345 


(Jultupp  of  ?fltiorih  "JPIanh* 


ELONGING  to  the  Mallow  family,  the  Abutilons 
are  frequently  called  Strawberry-bells  because  of  a 
resemblance  between  the  flowers  of  some  of  the  earlier 
\ari(.ties  and  the  common  strawberries.  They  are  also 
scimctimes  called  Flowering  Maples,  from  a  similarity 
m  the  shape  of  the  leaves  to  those  of  the  Maple.  The 
leaves  arc  wonderfully  varied  in  color  and  markings, 
eing  of  a  bright  golden  yellow  in  some  varieties,  and 
■  JTitc  mixed  with  yellow  in  others,  while  some  few 
re  beautifully  ornamented  b}-  green,  white  or  yellow 
lotches,  constituting  a  sort  of  picturesque  vegetable 
mosaic.  The  A.  Thompsonii,  so  called  after  the  great 
X^  English  collector  of  that  name,  who  introduced  the 
iriety  from  Japan,  retain  their  bright  colors  and  well- 
hottest  weather.  The}'  are  especially  adapted  to  oiu' 
Southtin  St  Ucs,  whtiL  tht\  itt  un  immense  proportions,  growing  from  ten  to  fifteen  feet 
high  and  spieadmg  lateialU  to  a  corresponding  extent.  They  are  also  not  inappropriate 
to  noithein  cultuie,  thiough  then  accommodating  habit,  as  they  may  be  kept  in  an  ordi- 
nary cellar  over  winter,  with  occasional  waterings  to  prevent  the  soil  from  becoming 
entirely  dry.  The  stems  are  slender,  and  those  of  the  smaller  ones  can  be  trained  to  form 
a  pretty  window-screen,  or  to  assume  an  umbrella-like  or  other  fancy  shape  to  suit  the 
taste  of  the  cultivator.  Thev  should  be  gro\\  n  in  a  lich,  sandy  soil;  and,  as  has  been  inti- 
mated, they  will  thrive  in  or  out  of  doors,  though  all  will  be  the  better  for  a  partial 
shading  when  planted  outside.  This  can  be  the  most  easily  secured  by  setting  them  to 
the  north  of  a  fence,  an  evergreen  or  a  shrub  somewhat  higher  than  themselves.  The}' 
make  an  abundance  of  small  roots  near  the  stem,  and,  being  what  gardeners  term  gross 
feeders,  they  should  have  plenty  of  liquid  manure  during  their  season  of  growth  and 
bloom.  Ther  flower  freely  during  the  winter  and  spring  months  in  about  sixty  degrees 
of  heat,  and  some  varieties  continue  to  flower  all  summer  when  properly  cared  for.  In 
removing  Abutilons  indoors  on  the  approach  of  winter,  from  the  beds  or  borders  where 
they  have  been  resting,  it  is  best  to  anticipate  a  little,  that  they  may  have  time  to  make  a 
few  rootlets  in  their  new  abode  before  the  cold  weather  is  fairly  upon  them. 

34'5 


■^^ 


^' 


"^ 


CULTURE    OF  FAVORITE   PLAXTS. 


HAFF-FLOWER  is^the  significance  of  this  name,  wliich  is  derived 
tVom  the  Greek,  and  has  been  given  to  this  phuit  because  of  tiie 
chaft'-like  appearance  of  its  blossoms.  The  plant  is  one  of  the  most 
attractive  of  the  well  known  Amaranth  family,  and  is  beginning  to 
be  perhaps  better  known  as  the  Iresine.  Under  whatever  name,  it  is 
in  all  its  varieties  a  very  pretty,  desirable  and  easily  cultivated  garden 
)use  plant.  The  beauty  of  its  varied  foliage  will  enhance  the  attractiveness 
le  best  collection.  It  will  grow  in  any  common  garden  soil,  in  an  atmos- 
phere ranging  from  fifty  to  seventy-five  degrees,  the  latter  grade  being  abso- 
lutely necessary  for  a  rapid  growth.  A  few  of  the  bright-colored  varieties,  as 
the  A.  Lindenii,  with  its  long,  pointed  leaves,  are  always  conspicuous  among  a 
collection  of  window-plants,  the  bright  red  foliage  contrasting  admirably  with 
the  surroundings,  and  producing  almost  the  effect  of  flowers  among  the  green  leaves  of 
the  other  plants.  The  varieties  known  as  Gilsonii  and  Aureus  Reticulatus  have  rounded 
leaves,  the  latter  being  also  conspicuous  for  their  gold  and  crimson  web-like  markings; 
while  the  former  are  generally  an  intense  crimson,  but  with  weakening  shades  down  to  a 
salmon  color.  They  form  an  effective  ornament  when  introduced  among  Rose  Geraniums 
or  other  like  green  foliage  plants;  and  can  be  planted  so  as  to  assume  any  shape  to  suit 
the  taste  of  the  cultivator,  as  a  circle  around  other  plants,  a  cross  or  heart  in  the  midst  of 
others,  and  the  like.  They  can  be  easily  kept  from  straggling  by  pinching  back  with  the 
finger  and  thumb,  and  thus  maintained  for  a  whole  season  in  the  shape  it  was  originally 
designed  they  should  present.  For  winter  plants,  a  few  cuttings  should  be  taken  in  Julv, 
and  put  aside  in  a  shady  place,  either  in  sand  or  common  soil,  where,  if  well  watered,  tiiey 
will  strike  root  in  from  ten  days  to  two  weeks,  when  thev  can  be  potted  for  use.  These 
new  plants  will  prove  far  superior  to  the  old  ones. 


among  the  Liliaceous  plants,  to  which  order  it  belongs,  is  more 
^^^-\     picturesquely  beautiful,  perhaps,  than  this  pretty  azure-blossomed 
flower.     The  name  signifies,  in  the  original   Greek,  a  love-flower, 
j5^        and  the  plant  is  sometimes  called  in  our  vernacular  the  African  blue 
ly.     It   is   a   very  ornamental   plant    for   the   parlor,   the   outdoor 
pedestal   or  tree-stump,  and,  indeed,  will  show  itself  to  advantage 
anywhere.     Its  long,  graceful  leaves,  curving  to  either  side  of  the  bulb,  make 
it  attractive  even  when  not  in  bloom.     From  among  the  leaves  it  shoots  upward, 
to  a  height  of  from   eighteen   inches  to  three  feet,  one  or  two  stout   flower- 
stalks,  which  are  crowned  with  a  mass  of  azure  flowers,  springing  from  and 
surrounding  a  common  center  like  an  umbrella,  whence  the  epithet  umbellatus. 
The  bulbs  are  among  the  class  known  as  Cape  bulbs,  because  originally  introduced   from 
the  Cape  of  Good   Hope.     They  require  a  liberal   allowance  of  pot  room,  as  tiiey  send 


iS^ 


m^ ^m, 

|>|^  Cl-LriVATIOX   AXD   AXALTSIS    OF  PLANTS.  jT  T 

out  very  large  rootlets,  which  will  sometimes  hrcak  a  pot  if  not  removed  in  time  to  a 
larger  one.  They  grow  well  in  a  good,  sandy  loam,  which  should  be  well  packed  in 
among  the  rootlets.  It  is  sometimes  of  advantage  in  transplanting  to  give  them  an 
entirely  new  soil,  care  being  taken  not  to  hurt  the  live  roots,  and  dead  ones  being  cut 
out  with  ;i  sharp  knife  or  scissors.  The  Agapanthus  is  among  the  few  plants  that  grow 
niinx-  \  ahiaMe  with  age.  Even  the  leaves  can  be  kept  green,  if  desired,  from  year  to  year 
without  apparent  detriment;  one  or  two  will  perhaps  fall  off  in  a  season,  but  these  will 
be  replaced  liy  others.  It  is  slovs^  to  evince  any  sign  of  disease,  and  should  therefore  be 
all  the  more  carefully  tended.  Its  enemies  are  most  frequently  the  scales,  and  occasionally 
the  mealy  bugs.  The  season  of  blooming  varies  from  spring  to  fall  in  different  plants, 
mainly  according  to  ti-eatment,  and  not  infrequently  they  will  flower  twice  in  the  same 
season.  After  flowering  they  should  be  given  a  season  of  rest  by  being  supplied  with 
less  water  for  one  or  two  months,  whereupon  they  will  perhaps  again  show  signs  of  new 
growth,  when  they  should  receive  a  more  liberal  allowance  of  water.  While  blooming, 
thev  require  a  free  use  of  liquid  manure.  Being  natives  of  a  warm  climate,  they  delight 
in  a  moderate  heat,  and  will  not  thri\c  at  a  lower  range  than  fifty-five  degrees. 


■m 


^  L  TER  NA  JsTTHERJl  S. 


^->,  NDER   this  name,  formed   probably  from   the  changing  haliit  of 
A     the  lea\  es  m  respect  to  color,  is  introduced  a  pretty,  low-growing 
-    1   oi    dwaifish  plant  of  the  Amaranth  family.     It  delights  in  a  rich, 
s  ukU  soil  and  in  an  abundance  of  water,  when  freely  growing  in  a 
waun  .itmospheiL,  in  or  out  of  doors.     Under  the  sun's  heat,  the  leaves 
assume  m  succession  many  different  colors,  as  green,  brown,  pink,  car- 
mine, orange,  and  yellow,  frequently  rivaling  the  various  shades  of  our 
forest  leaves  in  autumn,  or  the  beauties  of  the  rainbow,  whence  it  is  sometimes 
called  Rainbow  Plant.     Being  small  and  easily  kept  under  control  with  the 
kuife,  scissors,  or  even  the  fingers,  they  are  much  used  for  number,  name  or 
phrase  work  in  fancy  parterres;  and    the  outline  of  such  words,  phrases  or 
numbers  can  be  easily  maintained  through  an  entire  season  by  clipping,  as  the)' 
not  only  arc  not  injured  thereby,  but  receive  the  added   advantage  of  a  more  compact 
growth.     They  will  endure  a  greater  degree  of  heat  than  almost  any  other  plant,  and 
their  colors  become  deeper  and  more  beautiful  in  the  full  glare  of  the  sunlight.     Though 
but  of  recent  introduction,  they  have  already  sported  into  many  handsome  varieties.     Of 
these  the  best  known  are:   A.  tricolor,  which  derives  its  distinctive  appellation  from  the 
three    most   frequently-recurring  colors,  a  rose  ground  with  yellow  bands  and  purple 
veins.     A.  magnifica,  because  larger,  stronger,  and  more  magnificent  in  every  respect, 
including  color.     A.  spatulata,  from  the  spatulatc,  that  is,  obovate,  oblong,  or  battledore- 
like form  of  the  leaves,  which  are  commonly  a  bright  crimson  and  green.     A.  grandis, 
among  the  most  recent  varieties,  is  so  called  because  of  its  still  stronger  habit  of  growth, 
and  superior  effectiveness  in  combination,  the  leaves  being  bronze  with  rich  magenta  tips. 


^^=" 


CULTURE    OF  FAVORITE   PLANTS. 


-^m^ 


'^^^ 


JLMAR  YLLIS. 

s,  through  all  its  various  spuci 


"^IIE  Ainai)llis,  through  all  its  various  species,  produces  the  most  brilliant 
'C^rs  flow  Lis,  blooming  generally  in  the  winter  and  early  spring.  This 
^•4i^     I  mill  \  ot  plants  has  been  much  divided  of  late  years,  and  the  many 

J  know  11  to  the  masses  under  the  above  name  have  other  appellatives 
^  IS  well  They  delight  in  a  rich  soil  made  up  in  about  equal  parts 
/T  of  well  lotted  manure  (sweetened  by  exposure  to  the  air),  leaf-mold 
oi  spent  hops  and  good  loam,  with  a  slight  admixture  of  sand.  To 
icsl  and  iipcn  the  bulbs  for  future  use,  after  the  flowering  season,  the  pots  are 
embedded  in  the  soil  in  the  open  air  until  the  approach  of  winter,  when  they 
should  be  taken  where  they  are  to  grow  and  bloom.  Our  own  experience  is 
practical,  so  we  will  give  it.  We  purchased  five  bulbs,  two  with  persistent 
foliage,  and  three  that  would  keep  it  only  a  part  of  the  year.  These  last  we 
planted  in  pots,  having  the  promise  that  they  would  bloom  that  summer;  but  they  only 
grew  leaves,  and  filled  their  pots  with  thick,  white  roots  as  large  as  a  pen-holder.  In  due 
time  they  lost  their  leaves  and  went  to  sleep,  and  we  intended  keeping  them  dry,  as  directed. 
By  some  means,  two  got  enough  moisture  to  retain  their  long  roots,  and  they  bloomed  the' 
following  spring;  the  third  spent  its  strength  in  forming  roots  again.  Of  course,  under 
proper  circumstances,  they  should  blossom  every  year.  Abundance  of  water  and  occa- 
sional applications  of  manure-water  are  required  during  the  season  of  leafage.  They 
should  be  set  in  not  less  than  seven-inch  pots,  with  about  half  the  bulb  bedded  in  the  soil. 


^tlSTE  R. 

m  their  course  the  spring  and  summer  flowers  have  passed 

the  months  come  on  that  ripen  the  fruits  and   finish  the 

find  ourselves  dependent  ujoon  such  flowers  as  the 

^.         -.  -.^ Chrysanthemums  for  the  beauty  of  our  flower-beds,  the 

fiist  named  furnishing  an  almost  infinite  variety,  both  in  shades  of  color 
and  st}  les  of  flower.  Some  of  the  dwarf  kinds  appear  like  a  gathered 
bouquet,  so  closely  are  the  flowers  crowded  together.  Whatever  the  style  of 
flower,  the\  all  require  the  same  treatment.  The  seeds  should  be  started  in  a 
bed  or  box  prepared  for  the  purpose,  and  from  there  transplanted  to  where 
they  are  to  bloom,  before  they  begin  to  grow  or  start  their  flow-er-stalks.  They 
can  be  placed  a  foot  apart,  in  rows,  if  it  is  desired,  or  set  singly  for  specimen 
plants.  Water  should  be  su]5plied  them  until  well  established,  and  in  August  a 
dressing  of  manure,  w-ith  occasional  supplies  of  manure-water.  This  treatment  will  give 
an  increase  of  flowers,  as  well  as  improve  their  quality.  Any  favorite  may  be  potted 
before  frost,  to  finish  its  bloom  in  the  house.  In  saving  seeds,  the  outside  rows  would  be 
the  best  developed  and  ripest.  A  friend  who  is  eminently  successful  in  Aster  culture  pulls 
the  plants  from  which  seeds  are  desired  before  frost,  and  hangs  them  up  by  the  roots,  so 
that  the  sap  will  go  into  the  ripening  seeds  as  they  <lry. 

349 


^^^- 


I  LTIVATIOX  AXD   .WALTSIS    OF  PLANTS. 


jdZJLljEA. 

\.RLL\  cultivated  as  window  plants,  the  Azaleas  are  in  great 
(km  ind  tor  exhibition  purposes,  and  for  cut  flowers  in  winter  and 
spiin_.  There  is,  however,  no  reason  why  they  may  not,  with 
i(.  is(in  dile  attention,  be  successfully  cultivated  as  house  plants.  The 
soil  fell  \  ery  young  plants  should  be  nearly  all  peat,  or  leaf-mold, 
vvheie  peat  cannot  be  procured;  but  for  older  ones,  three  parts  peat 
nid  one  part  each  of  loam,  leaf-mold  and  sand.  The  time  for  repotting  is 
ifter  the  blooming  season,  except  the  plants  are  large  and  have  appropriate 
^izcd  tubs  or  boxes,  when  they  will  not  need  it  for  several  years,  requiring  only 
lat  the  soil  be  enriched  with  liquid  manures.  The  plant  belongs  to  the  heath 
family,  and,  like  most  of  that  tribe,  have  roots  somewhat  resembling  the  fern, 
which  should  never  be  allowed  to  become  entirely  dry,  care  being  taken  not  to  go  to  the 
other  extreme  and  drench  it  so  that  the  soil  would  sour  and  the  roots  decay.  The 
average  temperature  required  is  between  fifty  and  sixty  degrees,  and  plenty  of  air,  pro- 
vided it  be  not  under  that  temperature,  should  be  always  admitted.  They  bloom  from 
February  to  May,  and  the  larger  ones  produce  hundreds  of  flowers,  at  once  delighting  the 
beholder  with  the  munificence  as  well  as  the  magnificence  of  their  adornment.  The 
flowers  of  some  varieties  are  white,  while  others  run  through  all  the  various  shades  of  red, 
from  rose  to  bright  carmine,  often  beautifully  marked,  like  the  carnation. 


OWEVER  much  these  plants  are  valued,  they  seldom  receive  the 
attention  which  they  deserve.  It  is  true  that  the  miserable  manner 
in  which  they  are  many  times  sown  and  left  to  take  care  of  them- 
selves may  partly  account  for  this,  for  under  such  circumstances  they 
are  far  from  attractive,  as  the  flowers  are  apt  to  partake  of  the  quality  of 
the  plants.  Rightly  grown,  howexer,  they  form  most  magnificent  speci- 
mens for  garden  or  conservatory  decoration.  For  early  plants  the  seeds 
should  be  sown  in  a  hotbed.  As  soon  as  they  develop  two  leaves  besides  the 
two  thick  seed-leaves,  they  should  be  removed  into  pots  or  boxes,  and  these 
be  plunged  again  in  the  bed.  During  growth  they  should  be  allowed  plenty 
of  air,  and  ample  room  for  their  branches  to  extend;  and  by  supplying  a  richly- 
manured  soil  they  mav  be  made  to  grow  to  a  great  size. 
The  Balsam  delights  in  a  moist,  well-manured  situation,  and  is  among  the  handsomest 
annuals  cultivatied.  The  plants  should  frequently  have  waterings  of  manure-water;  and, 
as  their  stalks  are  succulent,  they  should  never  be  allowed  to  suffer  from  drouth.  While 
most  plants  suffer  from  intense  heat,  these  seem  to  clothe  themselves  with  greater  beauty 
in  the  very  height  of  summer.  When  the  main  or  central  stem  is  of  sufficient  height, 
the  pinching  out  of  the  tip  has  a  tendency  to  increase  the  side  branches. 


OJ'- 


•c^I^S- 


CULTURE    UF  FAIOJ^JJE   PLAXT: 


=^. 


Ill  the  garden  they  should  be  set  about  a  foot  and  a  half  apart,  with  the  same  care  for 
their  nourishment  as  in  the  conservatory,  stakes  being  supplied  them  to  prevent  their 
being  overturned  by  the  wind.  The  flowers  are  rich  in  quality  and  in  colors,  being  cither 
plain,  spotted,  splashed  or  streaked,  and  in  tiie  double  \:iricties  they  fully  equal  the 
Camellia.  For  bouquets  and  decorative  purposes  tine  thread-wire  is  drawn  through  them 
in  the  same  manner  as  for  the  Camellia,  and  the  ends  brought  together,  thus  leaving  the 
flower  in  a  loop,  and  forming  a  manageable  stem.  A  little  damp  moss  or  cotton-batting 
being  then  placed  at  the  base  of  the  blossoms,  keeps  them  fresh  for  some  time.  The 
flowers  of  this  plant  occasionally'  bloom  douhle  witiiout  tile  aid  of  the  cultivator. 


\.IXLY  cultivated  in  the  hothouse  until  a  comparatively  recent 
period.  Begonias  are  now  kept  principally  in  the  greenhouse, 
except  when  it  is  wished  to  stimulate  them  to  an  extraordinary 
„io\\th,  for  which  purpose  the  hot,  steamy  air  of  the  formei-'is  more 
^  JO  suit  ible.  Of  the  Begonias  there  are  several  kinds,  differing  in  both 
^-.^i^jlcat  and  flower.  The.  first  and  jji-obably  most  cultivated  are  those 
populnU  known  as  the  Elephant's  Ear,  with  large  leaves,  oblique  and  rounded 
It  the  b  ISC,  and  sharply  pointed  at  the  apex,  with  the  upper  lobe,  or  half,  much 
.  dL\  eloped  than  the  lower.  They  are  richly  colored,  being  changeable  in 
C  tints  fiom  bioiize  to  green,  with  large  silver  bands  in  some,  and  irregular  spots 
in  otheis,  the  underside  being  of  a  reddish-purple  tint.  The  upright  or  bushy 
\  lULtiLs  hue  tianspncnt  stems,  many  of  them  with  glossy,  irregular,  waxy  leaves,  while 
the  flow  CIS  lie  ot  \  irious  colors,  from  white  to  bright  carmine.  The  broad-leaved  kind 
snouia  De  watered  ireeiy  during  summer;  the  other  species  when  in  bloom,  and  at  other 
times  just  sufliciently  to  keep  them  in  fiiir  condition.  There  are  also  some  with  tuberous 
roots,  which  can  be  laid  away  during  their  season  of  rest,  in  any  place  that  is  free  from 
frost,  the  roots  only  being  sparingly  moistened.  Begonias  should  be  onlj-  sprayed,  that 
is,  lightly  syringed,  as  the  water  bears  the  leaves  down  to  such  an  extent  that  they  do  not 
spring  upright  as  readily  as  other  plants.  The  soil  used  is  one  part  peat,  one  of  loam,  and 
one  of  decomposed  manure.  The  large  ones  are  easily  propagated  from  the  leaves,  thus: 
Take  a  leaf,  cut  the  stem  oflf  rather  close,  lay  it  on  a  surface  of  wet  sand  in  a  pot  or  box 
that  can  be  covered  with  glass;  pin  the  leaf  down  with  broom  splints,  then  with  a  knife 
cut  across  the  large  veins  in  numerous  places,  and  at  each  cutting  roots  will  start,  from 
which  young  plants  will  spring.  These  should  be  potted  as  soon  as  the  leaves  get  to  be 
from  half  an  inch  loan  inch  long.  Many  of  these  plants  accommodate  themselves  readily 
to  the  fimily  sitting-room,  only  they  must  lie  kept  free  from' frost.  We  have  some  of  the 
large-leaved  ones  that  iiave  for  several  years  hung  just  back  from  the  windows,  where 
they  get  about  an  hour  of  sunshine  daily,  and  this  in  a  small,  ordinary  parlor,  requiring  no 
great  care  except  hanging  farther  in  on  extra-cold  nights,  the  ordinary  watering  daily,  or 
less  frequently  in  winter,  and  dusting  the  leaves  with  a  small  feather-duster. 


m 


*<£§: 
^ 


CULTIVATION  AND  ANALTSIS    OF  PLANTS. 


^J^^y% 


rS  o  u  ^^Jl  r  n  jjl 


IRST  biought  to  notice  about  a  century  ago,  being  introduced  from 
Mexico,  it  was  named  in  honor  of  Dr.  Bouvard,  director  of  the  Jardiu 
dcs  Plaiitcs,  at  Paris;  and  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  of  the  Madders, 
-^  freely  blooming  through  the  winter.  The  flowers  appear  in  trusess  on 
,  j-_,  J""^?  each  new  shoot,  and  are  of  various  colors,  from  a  bright  carmine  through 
^~"  jT  all  the  shades  of  red  to  almost  a  pure  white.  They  are  waxy  in  texture 
^^  and  of  a  compact  growth,  forming  a  very  striking  bunch  of  flowers  not 
unlike  the  cluster  of  the  Lilac;  and  for  purposes  of  floral  decoration  they  are 
general  favorites.  A  rich  loam,  with  a  slight  admixture  of  sand,  forms  the 
best  soil  for  their  cultivation ;  and  the}-  are  best  grown  outdoors  in  summer,  where 
they  will  bloom  through- August  and  September.  They  can  be  made  shapelj' 
shrubs  by  careful  pruning  of  all  straggling  shoots.  They  are  very  desirable 
indoor  plants  for  winter  blooming,  and  should  not  be  allowed  to  catch  the  slightest  nip  of 
the  early  frost,  but  be  removed  in  season,  as  they  cannot  thrive  in  an  atmosphere  that 
falls  under  fifty  degrees.  Even  when  not  vitally  injured,  they  are  slow  to  recover  from 
the  effects  of  cold;  and,  though  more  easily  hurt  by  too  much  than  too  little  water,  the 
soil  must  not  be  permitted  to  become  "dust-dry."  The  Bouvardias  are  seldom  propagated 
from  regular  shoots  or  cuttings,  but  mainly  from  pieces  of  the  roots  laid  horizontally  in 
sand,  and  covered  to  the  depth  of  about  an  inch.  These  require  a  uniform  heat  of  from 
seventy  to  seventy-five  degrees  in  the  bed  or  box  where  they  are  set;  and  sometimes  will 
not  show  growth  for  four  or  five  weeks,  but  must  not  on  that  account  be  disturbed. 


7^'^/7^\l  "^REAT  arid  plains  and  rocky,  infertile  wastes,  where  other  vegeta- 

^^    I  ll.^j^'^      J    t  ition  is  sparse  and  water  scarce,  are  the 

I     )  (  ■■  s  peculiar  plants.     The  curious  and  varied  i 

^— AV\^  ^_^  imazes  us  at  first,  and  finally  fascinates  us,  i 


I 


the  native   homes  of  these 
manner  of  their  growth 
making  the  charm  com- 
j     »J^     plete  when  we  behold  the  superb  blossoms  of  some  of  the  species. 
The\  are  divided  into  several  classes,  according  to  their  manner  of 
uiowth,  man\  of  them  being  foreign  plants.     Of  the  Cereus  there  are  sev- 
eial   kmds,  among  which  the   Cereus  flagelliformis,  or  Whip  Cactus,  and  the 
Leieus  giandifloius,  or  Night-blooming  Cactus,  are  the  best   representatives. 
The  fiist  glows  in  long,  branching  stems,  having  ten  angles,  and  needs  support 
to  keep  it  upiight.     The  flowers  are  of  a  ruddy  pink,  lasting  for  several  days. 
The  latter  has  stems  of  only  five  angles,  and  at  night  produces  its  flowers,  which 
;  before  the  morning.     They  are  very  large,  varying  from  seven  to  twelve  inches  in 
diameter,  the  petals  being  white,  and  the  calyx  yellow  within  and  brown  without.     The 
genus  Opuntia,  of  which  the  Prickly  Pear  is  a  specimen,  are  hardy  plants,  with  yellow 
flowers,  indigenous  on   the   sandy  shores  of  Lake   Michigan.     The   genus   Echinocactus 


CVI.TVUE    OF  FAVORITE   PI.AXTS 


^^1 

^i 


have  many  deep  angles,  with  curious  swellings  with  each  set  of  spines;  the  Epiphyllums 
have  flat  leaves  without  spines,  producing  flowers  at  their  margins;  Melocactus  is  the 
genus  familiarly  called  Turk's  Cap;  and  the  Mamillarias  are  distinguished  by  their 
numerous  tubercles  or  small,  rounded  projections. 

All  the  Cactaceae  will  grow  in  any  soil  where  there  is  no  stagnant  moisture  nor  actual 
frost,  but  for  the  best  results  they  should  have  a  soil  composed  of  loam,  leaf-mold  and  sand, 
with  abundant  drainage.  A  group  of  any  of  these  plants  forms  a  very  attractive  object 
in  a  window.  They  are  very  free  from  insects,  causing  little  or  no  anxiety  in  that 
resjject,  though  some  beetles  will  feed  upon  the  young  tips.  Like  all  succulents,  they 
need  comparatively  little  water;  if  shriveled,  however,  the  roots  and  enveloping  earth 
should  be  soaked  in  a  pail  of  water  for  two  or  three  hours.  While  growing,  they  need 
water  about  three  times  a  week,  and  every  day  if  in  very  small  pots.  Slips  may  be 
taken  from  the  parent  plant,  and  inserted  about  an  inch  deep  in  comparatively  dry 
sand.  Some  genera,  as  the  Echinocactus,  Melocactus  and  Mamillaria,  are  also  propa- 
gated from  the  tubercles  or  ofl^shoots,  and  from  seeds. 

The  Staphelias  are  Cactus-like  plants  that  require  the  same  treatment.  Young  plants 
are  potted  about  once  a  year;  large  ones,  when  in  good  sized  pots,  only  once  in  three  or 
four  years.     These  plants  are  all  fond  of  heat  and  a  dry  atmosphere. 


^^t-^^Si—i,.;-.— ^^IjS  NOWN  to  florists  and  many  amateur  culturists  as  a  suborder  of 

\      I  \iJ^    '^^  '^''"-     handsome-leaved    Arum    family    of    plants,    the    Caladium    is 

J;y  I  Pv?'^"^      Itself  subdivided  into  almost  innumerable  species  and  varieties.     Of 

thc-t  perhaps  the  most  conspicuous  are  the  C.  esculentum  and  the  C. 

odoiatum,  both  of  which  are  cultivated  mainly  for  the  size  and  beauty 

ot  the  leaves.     These  often  measure,  under  fair  cultivation,  thirty-six 

niches  in  length  by  twent\--four  in  breadth.     Both  of  these  species  pre- 

majestic  appearance  scattered  singly  through  a  lawn,  on  the  bank  of  a 

et  oi  pond,  or  collected  in  groups  at  con\enient  distances,  their  shield-like 

es  making  them  a  somewhat  conspicuous  ornartignt  among  other  foliage. 

Tliev  delight  in  abundance  of  water,  and  grow  best  where  it  is  close  at  hand; 

but  if  planted  on  higher  grounds  the  roots  should  be  thoroughly  drenched  with 

water  at  least  once  a  day  in  warm  weather;  they  can  hardly  have  too  much.     A  depth  of 

eighteen  to  twenty-four  inches  of  good,  rich  soil  must  underlie  them. 

The  approach  of  frost  should  be  anticipated  in  preserving  these  plants  for  future  growth, 
as  they  are  very  sensitive  to  cold.  Leaves,  stems  and  roots  should  not  be  plucked  ofl!",  but 
sliould  be  allowed  to  dry  back  to  the  tuber,  which  can  be  then  kept  in  a  warm  place,  em- 
bedded in  sand,  until  needed  for  the  next  season.  Smaller  specimens  can  be  kept  growing 
through  the  winter,  as  parlor  plants,  by  giving  them  plenty  of  water  and  warmth.  In 
spring  they  should  get  a  start  for  two  or  three  weeks  indoors  before  being  put  out,  as 
^        they  thrive  much  better  afterward  for  that  preliminary  indulgence.      The  roots  of  the 

fc. '- '^ 


CVLTIVATIOX  AXD   AXALTSIS    OF  PLAXTS. 


small,  fancy  ones  should  lu-  kept  in  their  pots  and  have  just  a  little  moisture,  else  the  tuhers 
are  apt  to  perish  from  "dry  rot"-  and  be  entirely  lost.  The  smaller  \arieties  are  among 
the  prettiest  marked  foliage  plants  at  our  command,  and  are  almost  innumerable.  Many 
of  them  are  so  difficult  to  cultivate  that  few  people  can  grow  them  successfully  unless 
under  specially  fevorable  circumstances.  There  are,  however,  two  or  three  pretty  varie- 
ties that  will  succeed  well  as  common  house  planl>,  aiul  they  can  he  pointed  out  by  most 
florists. 


VTEN  used  as  a  pretty  natural  ornament  for  the  hair  of  some  stately 
queen  of  society  or  less  pretentious  belle,  the  Camellia  has  been  very 
generally  admired  for  the  rich,  waxy  appearance  of  its  charming, 
rose-like  flowers.  It  is  not  \ery  general  in  house  cultivation,  as  the 
idea  seems  to  prevail  that  it  is  difficult  for  it  to  accommodate  itself  to 
the  circumstances  surrounding  other  house  plants.  True,  it  does  not 
thrive  in  a  dry  atmosphere,  as  there  its  thick,  green  leaves  are  liable  to  the 
attack  of  insects,  but  a  little  watchfulness  would  keep  these  away.  It  does  not 
require  a  high  temperature,  the  average  running  from  fifty  to  sixty  degrees, 
the  lowest  being  at  night.  The  best  soil  to  use  is  good  loam  or  peat.  All 
coarse  manures  are  obnoxious  to  it.  The  plants  are  sometimes  repotted  just 
before  the  young  growth  begins  —  say  in  February  or  Alarch;  though  the  best  time  is 
immediately  after  the  flowering  season.  The  buds  of  the  Camellia  are  apt  to  be  so 
crowded  that  some  must  fall  to  make  room  for  others  to  bloom ;  and,  as  the  stems  are  so 
short  as  to  endanger  the  cluster  if  it  should  be  attempted  to  pinch  out  the  superfluous  ones 
with  the  finger,  a  good  method  is  to  take  a  sharp  knife  or  pair  of  scissors  and  clip  off"  the 
upper  half  of  the  buds  to  be  removed,  or  otherwise  wound  them,  leaving  the  remaining 
half-buds,  which  become  sickly  from  the  wound,  and  drop  of  their  own  accord.  Growers 
of  large  flowers  only  leave  one  or  two  to  the  branch.  When  in  the  bud  they  must  not 
suffer  either  from  too  much  or  too  little  water,  as  buds  drop  from  both  causes;  deprivation 
of  water  for  two  hours  after  it  is  due,  or  making  the  soil  soaking  wet,  is  equally  disastrous 
to  the  buds,  and  of  coin'se  cuts  off  all  hope  of  flowers.  The  leaves  and  branches  should 
be  frequently  sponged  or  washed,  but  syringing  is  not  recommended,  as  the  foliage  easily 
becomes  spotted;  the  soil  and  roots  should  be  watered  regularly  once  a  day  while  the 
lea^•es  and  buds  are  forming;  and  a  little  more  water  is  needed  when  the  buds  are  opening 
into  flowers.  They  require  light,  but  should  not  be  exposed  to  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun, 
as  in  their  native  woods  they  enjoy  a  natural  shade  through  the  surrounding  trees.  They 
should  be  removed  indoors  early,  as  the  slightest  frost  will  nip  the  buds.  After  they  have 
flowered  all  winter  they  should  be  moved  out  in  spring  to  some  shady  nook  where  the 
strong  sunlight  will  not  strike  them;  a  few  hours  of  the  morning  sun,  however,  will  not 
prove  injurious.  From  the  seeds  they  bloom  in  three  years.  These  plants  can  be  also 
budded,  grafted  and  inarched  with  different  varieties  in  the  same  manner  as  other  shrubs. 

354  ^^, 


Ih 


CULTURE    OF  FAVORITE   PLANTS. 


% 


C  Jlj^JsTJ.. 

ANDSCAPES  famous  for  "orgeous  beauty  have  always  abounded 
in  India,  and  of  these  there  are  but  few  in  which  the  Canna  (on  this 
account  called  Indica)  does  not  form  an  indispensable  contributor  to 
the  loveliness  of  the  prospect.  This  has  become  so  universal  a  favorite, 
that  it  is  cultivated  in  all  civilized  countries;  and  helps  to  give  a 
semi-tropical  appearance  to  many  northern  conservatories  and  gardens. 
As  ornaments  for  the  parlor  they  are  also  very  fine,  and  may  be  kept  in  good 
condition  the  year  round  by  proper  care  and  attention.  The  genus  belongs  to 
the  Arrowroot  family,  but  is  not  cultivated  in  this  country  for  any  nutritious 
properties,  the  beauty  of  the  foliage  and  the  flowers  having  engrossed  the  whole 
attention  of  cultivators.  It  might,  however,  be  made  a  valuable  food  product. 
Of  late  3ears  florists  have  produced  a  large  number  of  new  varieties,  all  of  them  pretty 
and  desirable.  To  grow  Cannas  large,  they  should  have  plenty  of  room  in  a  good,  rich, 
deep  soil,  a  loose,  sandy  loam  being  the  ver^-  best  for  the  purpose.  Soapsuds  or  other 
liquid  manure  applied  freely,  say  twice  a  week  during  warm  weather,  will  be  very  accept- 
able to  the  plants  and  reward  the  care-taker  with  a  greater  wealth  of  leaf  and  flower. 
Those  not  wanted  indoors  for  winter  decoration  can  be  lifted,  with  as  much  soil  around 
the  roots  as  possible,  and  allowed  to  dry  in  that  condition;  when  the  drying  process  is 
completed  the  tubers  can  bestowed  awaj'  in  anv  frost-free  receptacle;  the}'  will  bear  a 
considerable  degree  of  cold,  but  contact  with  actual  frost  is  ruinous.  For  winter  decora- 
tion it  is  best  to  use  one  or  two  side  shoots  of  the  old  tuber,  as  they  are  just  about  to 
sprout;  they  should  be  taken  off  in  August  and  placed  in  a  four-inch  pot,  changing  them 
to  larger  ones  as  they  need  more  room.  These  plants  grow  from  one  to  twelve  or  fifteen 
feet  in  height,  and  vary  in  colors  of  foliage  from  the  lightest  shade  of  green  to  a  very 
dark  bronze.     The  flowers  are  also  of  a  great  variety  of  shades. 


CA.  R  J^A.  TIO  N-. 

LL   through  the   ages   much   attention   must   have   been   paid   to   this 
plant,  or  at  least  to  the  family  to  which  it  belongs,  as  we  find  that  the 
Pink,  the  primitive  source  of  countless  varieties,  was  known  to  the 
Ancient  Greeks  as  Dianthus,  or  Flower  of  Jove.     And  to  this  day  the 
varieties  have  been  incessantly  multiplied,  the  plant  being  eas}'  of  culture 
and  thriving  in  almost  any  fertile  soil.     The  flowers  are  an  acquisition  to 
bouquet  makers,  not  only  on  account  of  their  beauty,  but  for  their  clove-like  or 
spicy  odor.     They  can  be  propagated  from  the  seeds,  but  such  are  more  uncertain  in 
quality  of  flower  than  those  propagated  from  an  old  plant.     Cuttings  or  slips  can  be 
taken  freel}-  from  the  old   plants,  and  should  be  cut  at  the  joint  so  as  in  breaking 
to  leave  a  lounded  end,  or  else  be  severed  just  below  the  joint.     The  slips  should  be 
'        set  in  a  crock,  near  the  edge,  as  close  together  as  desired,  the  sand  being  well  pressed  to 
.4^ 355 


Cl'LTDATIOX  AXD  AXALTSfS    OF  PLAXTS. 


cause  slow  evaporation,  ;ind  tliL-  pot  being  covered  with  a  glass  while  striking  root.  The 
layering  process  mav  also  be  iisL-d.  The  mode  of  procedure  is  to  select  strong,  low-grow- 
ing shoots  around  the  plant,  cut  oft"  the  lower  ka\cs  and  diminish  the  length  of  the  upper 
ones,  and  then  with  a  siiarp  knife  make  a  clean,  ^lanting  cut  t>n  the  lower  side  of  the  stem, 
penetrating  about  half  through  it,  terminating  it  near  the  next  joint  above  the  edge  of 
Tlie  earth  is  'then  loosened  an  inch  or  so  deep,  and  the  layer  pegged  down, 
ng  slightly  tilted  to  keep  the  wound  open,  and  covered  with  fresh  soil  well 
n.  In  this  way  tiic  old  plant  feeds  her  nurslings  through  the  half-dissevered 
le  slips  take  mot.  The  Remontants,  or  Monthly  Carnations,  are  much  culti- 
vated as  house  plants,  their  frequent  Howering  making  them  verv  popular,  although  the 
"monthly"  blooms  are  confined  to  tropical  and  subtropical  climes,  and  the  summer 
months  in  otiier  latitudes.  The  best  kinds  are  imported  from  Germany  and  Italy,  wheie 
their  ciilti\  ation  has  been  made  a  sijccial  industr\-  for  twt)  or  three  hundred  vears. 


the  blade, 
the  en<l  be 
pressed  do^ 
bark  until  t 


-^A 


roLj^jus. 


R\    ku   plints  hid 
1^  impio\  Lmcnts    uul 


effectually 
cperiments 


?scape(t 


.f  hybridiz- 
so  Ion"  the 


the   mai 

<l(.li_ht  (it  the  hunibk  cottagers  of  Great  Britain  un(kr  the  familiar 
n  UUL  ol  I  iLUch  Settle.  It,  however,  fell  under  tile  observation  of 
th  It  pi  nice  ot  expeiimenters,  Vcrschaffelt,  of  Paris,  who  gave  the 
iiist  niipctus  to  the  pioduction  of  varieties,  which  have  since  been 
multiphtd  indefinitely  by  many  others.  It  has  now  become  indis- 
to  lait^L  and  sniidl  collections,  being  a  universal  favorite  with  rich  aiui 
The  slight  blotch  of  bionze  that  ornamented  the  original  nettle-like 
the  simple  Coleus  has  been  made  to  assume,  under  the  skillful  manipu- 
ot  the  scientific  hybiidizers,  ncarh  all  the  shades  of  the  three  primitive 
colors,  red,  blue  and  yellow;  and  \  arious  combinations  of  these  and  their  many 
shadings.  So  conspicuous  is  the  tendency  to  change  in  the  markings  by  this  process  that 
one  variety  has  been  styled  the  Chameleon.  The  number  of  varieties  in  actual  culti\ation 
is  very  considerable  and  continually  growing  larger.  They  will  grow  in  almost  an)-  soil, 
but  do  best  in  a  compost  of  leaf-mold  and  good  loam,  recjuiring,  howe\er,  plenty  of 
moisture  in  whatever  soil  during  their  season  of  growth.  They  are  very  sensitive  to  cold, 
being  in  fact  as  good  as  thermometers  down  to  the  freezing  point,  the  leaves  presenting 
different  appearances  at  different  degrees  under  fifty.  In  the  upper  ranges  they  will 
reco\  er  with  proper  attention  and  increased  warmth  within  seventy-five  degrees,  but  if 
touched  by  actual  frost  they  are  doomed  to  perish.  For  winter  culture,  cuttings  should  be 
taken  in  August  and  set  in  any  shady  situation  in  any  soil  or  in  sand,  when  they  will 
strike  root  by  simply  watering  them  every  evening  in  hot,  dry  weather.  When  suffi- 
ciently rooted,  they  should  be  potted  and  taken  indoors  before  the  approach  of  early  frost. 
It  is  useless  to  attempt  their  cultivation  where  the  temperature  kills  below  fifty-five  degrees. 


o> 


'^m 


r 


-7^ 


Cri.ri'RE    OF   FAVfWITE   Pf.AXTS. 


^S^HH 


CjRJlPK 


MJ^H  TLJiJ. 

i^l^  a  tniu  love  of  flo 


3gHERE\'ER  there-  eNi^l^  a  true  love  of  flowers,  thir,  member  of  the 
Loosestrife  famih'  is  necessarily  popular.  Its  bright,  deep-green, 
'  glossy  leaves,  like  those  of  the  Myrtle,  give  rise  to  the  second  part 
of  the  name,  though  there  is  no  relationship  between  the  two 
families.  It  is  called  Crape  from  a  loose  resemblance  between  the 
)ssoms,  when  seen  at  a  distance,  and  a  bunch  of  red  or  white  crape, 
flowers  grow  in  large  clusters  or  panicles,  of  which  there  are  sometimes 
hundred  to  a  plant,  and  continue  in  bloom  until  nipped  by  the  early 
frost,  the  fii-st  bloom  varying  with  the  latitude  in  which  grown,  from  May  to 
August.  Each  individual  blossom  presents  a  singular  appearance,  the  many 
Iken  stamens  standing  apart  from  the  rest  of  the  flower,  and  the  multi- 
tude- of  these  flowers,  when  seen  against  the  Iwckground  of  the  leaves  and 
gi\  e  the  semblance,  as  has  been  said,  of  masses  of  crape  thrown  loosel}'  over  the 
t.  The  branches  are  thin  and  soft  when  growing,  and  may  easily  be  kept  in  place 
ly  pinching  off  the  straggling  shoots,  thus  securing  a  compact,  tidy  and  symmetrical  bush. 
Smaller  specimens  can  be  grown  indoors  for  blooming  in  early  winter,  if  placed  in  good, 
open  sunlight.  The  plants  intended  for  this  purpose  should  be  allowed  to  rest  during  the 
l^revious  summer  in  some  shady  place,  with  only  enough  water  supplied  to  keep  them 
from  dyiui;-.  In  northern  latitudes  the  outdoor  specimens  should  be  transferred  to  some 
<hy  cellar  or  dark  corner  of  any  spare  room,  which  in  ordinary  winters  is  all  the  protec- 
tion they  need.  They  are  all  the  better  to  withstand  the  frost  if  the  wood  has  been  well 
ripened  by  withholding  moisture  for  two  or  three  weeks  before  frost,  upon  the  first  appear- 
ance of  which  they  should  be  immediately  housed.  A  rich  loam,  lightened  with  leaf- 
mold,  or  rather  with  peat,  is  the  most  favorable  soil,  which,  during  the  season  of  growth, 
ought  to  be  further  enriched  by  plentiful  supplies  of  liquid  manure.  It  is  propagated  by 
new  shoots,  like  the  Abutilon. 


1 


L^^     theCiocu 
^^       phntmg. 


cultivated,  as  it  grows  freelv  in  any  soil  not  positive!}'  soggy, 
locusisan  admirable  little  bulb  to  bloom  in  early  spring.     After 
the  bulbs  will  take  care  of  themselves  if  supplied  with  an 
lessing  of  manure.     They  should  be  set  deeply,  some  three 
:hes,  either  in  groups  or  rows,  as  desired ;  and  should  not  be 
except  they  appear  on  the  surface,  as  sometimes  happens, 
the  cause  always  bemg  the  formation  of  the  new  bulb  on  the  top  of  the  old  one. 
The  bulbs  aie\ei\  cheap,  and  might  be  set  abundantly.     Their  most  appropriate 
use  in  the  garden  is  for  bordering  beds  of  other  bulbs,  or  they  may  be  used  with 
great  effect  in  forming  letters  or  other  simple  designs  on   the  lawn.     Except 
when  a  bed  is  wanted  for  other  purposes,  they  ma_v  be  planted   about  an   inch 
but  where  that  is  the  case  they  can  be  set  at  a  greater  distance,  and  after  the  leaves 
357 


H  CULTIVATION  AND  ANALISIS   OF  PLANTS.  fc  J 

disappear  the  place  may  be  sown  with  annuals.  For  the  house  they  may  be  planted  in 
pans  of  sand  or  in  any  of  the  pretty  designs  manufactured  for  them  out  of  terra  cotta  or 
pottery  ware,  and  set  away  until  they  show  growth.  They  can  be  put  in  the  ground  any- 
where, with  their  accompanying  pots,  but  should  be  covered  up  with  ashes  to  protect 
them  from  rats  and  mice,  as  well  as  from  the  frost;  or  they  may  be  stored  indoors  in  a 
dark  cellar  or  closet,  being  protected  in  the  same  way.  About  midwinter  they  can  be 
removed  at  intervals,  to  insure  a  succession  of  flowering,  into  the  house  or  conservatory, 
where  they  are  intended  to  bloom.  They  must  always  be  kept  at  low  temperature  until 
near  the  blooming  period,  for  too  great  heat  lengthens  and  weakens  the  stem.  They  also 
bloom  in  water,  in  small  glasses  adapted  to  them,  made  on  the  same  principle  as  Hyacinth 
glasses.  Bulbs  should  be  set  in  the  fall.  They  can  be  raised  from  seeds,  blooming  in 
three  years,  that  being  the  average  for  most  kinds  of  bulbs.  All  Crocus  bulbs  should  be 
set  about  the  last  of  October,  or  early  in  November. 


rf-^iife.  ERHAPS  there  are  but  few  plants  for  fall,  winter  and  spring  culti- 
vation that  will  afford  more  pleasure  to  the  industrious  and  watchful 
amateur  than  this  attractive  little  plant.  It  never  grows  more  than 
six  or  eight  inches  high,  but  it  has  beautiful  mottled  leaves,  and  the 
Bowers,  which  are  borne  on  single  stems,  have  a  velvety  center 
encircled  by  rays  of  a  purplish  red;  and  in  some  varieties  lilac  and 
white,  while  in  a  few  they  approach  a  maroon.  These  ray-like  petals  turn 
down,  as  in  the  Dodecatheon  Meadia  or  Shooting  Star,  sometimes  called  the 
Prairie  Pointer.  The  bulbs  should  be  obtained  as  early  as  possible  in  the 
autumn,  so  that  they  can  be  planted  at  intervals  to  promote  an  orderly  succession 
periods  of  blooming;  or,  they  may  be  planted  all  at  once,  but  treated 
with  diflcrent  degrees  of  heat,  water,  and  other  attentions,  to  hasten  or  retard  their 
development.  The  plumper  ones  should  be  preferred;  but  if  shriveled  ones  only  can  be 
had,  they  may  be  freshened  by  being  enveloped  in  damp  moss  or  cotton  batting  for  one 
or  more  days.  They  delight  in  a  good,  rich  soil,  in  which  they  are  planted  so  as  to 
leave  about  one-fourth  of  an  inch  of  their  substance  above  the  surface.  The  soil  should 
receive  a  little  water,  and  the  pot  be  put  away  in  a  sheltered  place  with  a  northern  aspect, 
or  under  a  tree,  until  they  begin  to  grow,  giving  a  little  moisture  as  required.  When  the 
leaves  begin  to  start,  the  plants  can  be  brought  forward  to  the  light  and  given  all  the  air 
possible  every  day,  with  water  when  necessary,  care  being  taken  that  they  do  not  decay 
through  being  too  abundantly  supplied.  After  their  blooming  season  is  over,  the  watering 
should  be  gradually  reduced  as  the  foliage  withers,  and  finally  almost  discontinued.  They 
are  then  put  away  in  a  shady,  airy  situation,  free  from  rain,  yet  where  the  soil  will  not  at 
any  time  become  actually  dry;  but  if  there  is  any  danger  of  such  a  contingency,  a  little 
water  around  the  bulb  might  be  given,  as  it  must  on  no  account  be  allowed  to  decline  from 
its  plump  condition.     In  the  fall  they  should  have  the  soil  shaken  from  them,  and  be  placed 


^i 


i 


Cri.TURE    OF  FAVORITE   PLANTS. 


in  a  fresh,  rich  compost.  The  hirp^er  bulbs  often  produce  as  many  as  two  hundred  flowers. 
The  withered  flowers  should  be  clipped  off,  unless  seed  is  desired;  of  those  left  for  seed 
the  stem  will  curl  until  the  seed  vessel  is  drawn  down  into  the  soil,  where  they  ripen. 
Propagation  otherwise  than  by  seed  is  ordinarily  impracticable  with  this  bulb,  as  its  solid 
nature  almost  precludes  its  division,  and  only  the  skilled  practitioner  can  hope  for  success. 
When  grown  from  seed  it  takes  three  years  to  bloom,  unless  specially  petted  and  fostered 
by  some  skillful  hand,  and  therefore  most  amateurs  prefer  to  purchase  blooming  bulbs. 
Their  chief  enemies  are  mice  and  excessive  moisture. 


1 


^A.TS^^. 


,AISY,  from  the  Saxon,  denoting  day's  eye,  because  of  its  habit  of 
opening  early  in  the  morning,  is  a  great  favorite,  as  indeed  it  has 
been  for  ages.  Whether  growing  by  the  roadside,  a  neglected 
beauty,  or  petted  and  cared  for  by  some  flower-loving  cottager,  its 
praises  have  long  been  sung  by  the  greatest  among  European  poets. 
In  this  country  the  Bellis  perennis,  or  common  double  European  Daisy, 
is  extensively  cultivated  as  a  choice  exotic;  while  the  whole-leaved  species,  or  B. 
intei;rifolia,  is  indigenous  from  Kentucky  southward  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  A 
heavy  clay  soil  seems  to  be  the  natural  choice  of  these  simple  beauties,  but  they 
will  grow  in  almost  any  soil  if  supplied  freely  with  water.  In  shaded  nooks  thev 
will  retain  their  flowers  a  long  time,  but  the  direct  rays  of  the  sim  cause  them  to 
prematurely  drop  both  flowers  and  leaves.  The  flower  of  the  Daisy  in  the  natural  state 
is  single,  and  borne  on  the  top  of  a  long,  slender  flower-stalk;  but  by  cultivation  it 
has  become  double,  and  has  even  sported  into  several  curious  and  beautiful  multiplex 
varieties.  They  have,  however,  seen  their  greatest  populaiity  in  this  country.  Thc\'  can 
be  cultivated  in  and  out  of  doors,  but  as  house  plants  must  have  all  the  light  possible  in 
the  winter  months.  They  are  easily  propagated  by  divisions  of  the  plant,  early  in  Sep- 
tember in  northern  latitudes,  the  parts  thus  separated  being  set  two  or  three  inches  apart 
in  a  sandy  loam,  with  an  eastern  aspect.  They  should  be  protected  from  a  too  heavy 
drenching  by  rain  or  otherwise,  and  for  this  purpose  a  gentle,  eastward  slope  is  the  best 
site.  On  the  approach  of  regular  frosty  weather,  they  should  be  covered  with  a  layer 
of  leaves  to  about  six  inches  in  depth,  protected  by  branches  of  trees  from  being  blown 
away.  When  the  weather  is  mild,  this  covering  should  be  raked  off  for  half  a  day,  and 
restored  before  the  approach  of  the  night  chill,  a  few  times  through  the  winter.  Many 
are  kept  in  garden  frames,  with  only  one  inch  of  leaves. 

As  has  been  intimated,  there  are  several  varieties  in  cultivation,  a  favorite  one  being 
known  as  the  Hen  and  Chickens  (scientifically  B.  prolifera),  because  of  a  number  of 
miniature  flowers  growing  around  and  under  the  protection  of  the  larger  flower.  Upon 
the  whole,  in  the  hot,  dry  climate  of  this  country,  the  Daisy,  in  the  estimation  of  some 
intelligent  amateurs,  is  very  unsatisfactory  for  outdoor  cultivation.  ,/  5 

359  ,B_r 

^ ^^m 


CULTIVATION  AND  ANALYSIS   OF  PLANTS. 


#^ 


'  4^ 

f-^  HOWY  Dicentra,  scientifically  known  as  Dicentra  spectabilis,  has  been 

with  many  other  pretty  plants  imported  within  the  last  thirty  or  more 
(  'u/^iy*^))  ^/^  years,  by  indefatigable  collectors,  from  Japan  and  northern  China, 
c^  t^^^/^rf^-S:2,*°  ^"""^^^  '■'^^  Flora  of  Europe  and  America.  It  belongs  to  the  Fumi- 
<C  ji- Jt^V^  ^  >i^\l  tory  family,  and  is  very  hardy,  being  able  to  endure  the  frosts  of  the 
severest  winters  of  our  Northern  States.  It  will,  however,  be  grateful 
for  a  slight  covering  of  leaves  or  other  protection,  and  will  repay  its  benefac- 
tor by  a  growth  of  greater  vigor  the  ensuing  season.  Low,  damp  situations  do 
not  suit  it,  as  it  likes  a  dry,  airy  location,  with  plenty  of  room  and  a  rich  soil  to 
grow  in.  It  is  a  very  fine  ornamental  plant  when  standing  alone,  and,  like  rare 
exceptions  in  the  human  family,  it  assumes  a  milder  and  more  mellow  beaut\- 
witli  advancing  years.  The  long  racemes  of  heart-shaped  flowers — hence  the  popular 
name  of  Bleeding  Heart  —  curving  away  from  the  center  of  the  plant  give  it  a  peculiarly 
attractive  appearance,  while  the  leaves,  resembling  some  varieties  of  the  Fern  familj-, 
cooperate  to  enhance  its  beauty.  Fading  early,  care  should  be  taken  to  plant  it  where  the 
vigorous  and  abundant  foliage  of  other  plants  will  gracefully  cover  up  its  disappearance. 
To  grow  in  pots  for  winter  use  it  is  best  to  cut  off  a  few  shoots  from  the  old  root  in 
early  fall ;  which,  being  properly  cared  for,  will  gratify  the  owner  b)'  its  few  but  pretty 
racemes  in  the  early  spring.  It  is  best  propagated  in  all  cases  from  divisions  of  the  roots; 
though  it  may,  but  with  no  slight  difficulty,  be  raised  from  either  seeds  or  cuttings.  The 
Dicentra  has  a  somewhat  peculiar  history,  having  for  many  years  after  its  introduction  been 
considered  a  plant  exclusively  adapted  to  hothouse  culture,  and  its  hardy  properties  having 
been  discovered  merely  by  the  accident  of  being  left  out  all  winter  in  the  flower  garden 
at  Cantrell  Hall,  the  seat  of  the  Childers,  near  Doncaster,  England. 


^)MA  r^E:N'jL 


H.OMMONLY  called  Burning  Bush,  from   the  bright-red   leaves  of 
some  of  the  varieties,  the  Dractena  has  long  been  in  cultivation,  and 
;*^    IS  \ei}    generally  admired   as  one  of  the   most  conspicuous  of  the 
-   -^      Liliaceous  family.     The  gum  of  commerce,  called  dragon's  blood,  is 
a  pioduct  of  this  and  some  allied  plants,  being  obtained  by  incision 
~    *^    '■/'  of  the  stems.     The  characteristic  attraction  of  these  plants  consists  in 

'•*^  the  gi  iceful  habit  and  enduring  properties  of  their  leafage.  The  Dracsena 
laco  and  other  varieties  are  elegant  indoor  plants,  alone  or  in  groups.  The 
palm-like  stem,  with  surmounting  tuft,  cannot  fail  to  attract  attention;  while  the 
bright,  transparent  radiance  of  the  leaves  will  delight  the  most  indifferent 
beholder.  It  is  much  used  for  hanging  baskets  and  vases,  and  when  partially 
shaded  among  green  foliage  it  is  rarely  eclipsed  by  the  most  brilliant  of  Flora's 
gems.  Content  to  grow  in  almost  any  soil,  it  thrives  much  better  in  one  that  is  largely 
composed  of  peat  or  liog-carth.     Much   water  is  acceptable,  and  during   the  season   of 

360 


m 


CULTURE    OF  FAVORITE   PLANTS. 


growth  is  readily  appropriated  by  this  thirsty  phint,  which  also  revels  in  a  warm  atmos- 
phere. It  is  usually  propagated  by  florists  from  sections  of  the  root,  as  already  described 
under  Bouvardia  and  elsewhere.  It  may,  however,  be  rooted  from  small  offshoots  that 
grow  on  the  side  of  the  stem;  and  also  from  seeds,  but  this  last  method  is  rarely  followed. 


^.." 


EC  HE  \^:EIt  IJl 


ELONGING  to  the  class  of  plants  known  as  Houseleeks,  which 
are  often  carefully  grown  on  the  roofs  of  cottages  and  stables  by 
many  of  the  peasantry  of  Europe,  under  a  superstitious  belief  that 
they  afford  protection  from  lightning  and  other  calamities,  the 
Echeverias  are  a  very  ornamental,  thick,  flesh-leaved  tribe  of  culti- 
vated plants.  They  are  in  demand  for  ornamental  plants  in  houses, 
vwork  and  on  high,  sandy  ground;  as  also  sometimes  for  low  edgings  of 
nd  walks.  Some  of  them  look  not  unlike  old,  rusty  iron;  others  have 
green  leaves;  and  one  variety,  called  the  E.  rotundifolia,  or  round-leaved, 
an  elegant  vase  plant  to  surmount  a  pillar  or  parlor-stand.  Being  of  the 
isiest  culture,  almost  anyone  can  cultivate  them  in  nearly  every  condition  of 
soil  or  climate;  but  an  excess  of  water  in  cold  weather  will  prove  fatal.  Some  of  the 
species  flourish  through  the  winter,  sending  out  spike-like  racemes,  two  or  three  feet  in 
length,  of  a  very  waxy,  flesh-colored  appearance,  which  remain  a  long  time  on  the  stems. 
Other  low-growing  species  have  bright  yellow  flowers,  after  the  manner  of  the  Mossy 
Sedum  or  Wall-Pepper.  They  luxuriate  in  a  loose,  sandy  soil,  containing  some  leaf-mold, 
and  though  not  dependent  on  a  rigid  regularity  in  the  water  supply,  they  should  not  be 
entirely  neglected  during  the  growing  season.  Side-shoots,  or  even  the  flower-stems,  can 
be  made  the  means  of  propagation,  being  set  in  clean  sand  and  sparingly  watered  until 
rooted. 


E  E  Y  T  E  R  T^^Jl  . 

I'DDY  is  the  meaning  of  the  botanic  name,  derived  from  the  Greek, 

le  plant  belongs  to  the  widely-extended  Pulse  family,  having, 

common  with  most  of  the  allied  genera,  a  butterfly-shaped  flower. 

P-jP^Vg)/-;^   There  are  several  thousand  species  of  the  Pulse  family  —  nine  thou- 

'-«:^^N^'^"    V^    sand,  some  one  has  computed  —  scattered  throughout  the  world,  and 

^ '         for  the  most  part  they  are  of  the  highest  utility  in  the  animal  economy 

of  the  universe.     Containing  a  relatively  large  proportion  of  nitrogenous  and 

bone  building  material,  they  are  extensiveh-  used  everywhere  as  food  for  man 

and  beast,  but  nowhere  as  much  used  by  human  beings  as  would  be  for  their 

well-being.     The   elegant  Erythrina,   sometimes   called   Coral  Plant,   ought 

to  have  a  place  in  every  outdoor  collection;  it  is  a  fine  object  standing  alone  in  a 

garden,  its  long  racemes  (often  not  less  than  two  feet)  of  thick,  waxv,  coral-like 


■m 


la 


CULT/VATIOX  AND   AXALlSrS   OF  PLANTS. 


buds  and  flowers  making  its  splendors  conspicuous  at  a  very  considerable  distance.  The 
large,  trifid  leaves  and  general  robust  habit  of  the  plant  also  add  their  attractions.  As  a 
window  plant  it  is  a  fine  ornament,  but  requires  more  root-room  than  can  ordinarily  he 
allowed  it.  A  rich,  black  or  yellow  loam  well  stirred  up  is  the  best  soil  for  this  plant, 
though  it  will  grow  in  almost  any  kind  of  earth.  In  the  summer  months  the  growing 
plants  must  have  a  fair  supply  of  water;  and  be  taken  up  before  or  soon  after  the  first 
slight  frost.  If  allowed  to  endure  the  early  frost,  they  should  be  previously  protected  by 
four  or  five  inches  of  extra  soil  around  the  roots.  During  the  winter  they  may  be  kept 
in  any  dry  cellar,  protected  from  frost,  but  not  wholly  deprived  of  moisture;  a  covering 
of  moss  or  damp  sand  around  the  dormant  roots  will  meet  this  requirement.  Early  in 
summer,  say  in  May,  they  may  be  set  out  for  the  season,  care  being  taken  to  protect  them 
in  the  colder  latitudes  from  the  later  frosts,  when  they  will  bloom  from  June  to  October. 
They  can  be  propagated  from  cuttings  of  small  shoots  or  raised  from  the  seed;  but  those 
who  want  large  plants  soon  will  find  it  most  convenient  to  buy  them  already  in  an 
advanced  condition  from  the  florists.  Good,  large,  specimen  plants  of  the  E.  crista-galli, 
wliich  is  the  favorite  species,  are  commonly  sold  at  a  verv  moderate  price. 


h 


FTTTONI^. 

ITTONIA  is  a  very  ornamental  plant  of  the  Bottle-brush  tribe,  a 
^  subdivision  of  the  Myrtle  family,  and  is  largely  utilized  for  hanging- 
^1  It  baskets,  ferneries  and  Wardian  cases,  where  the  atmosphere  is  moist 
md  still.  It  can,  however,  be  grown  as  a  single  specimen,  in  a  sepa- 
ate  pot  or  among  other  plants,  indoors  where  any  extra  shade  is  pro- 
i^  \  ided ;  but  the  Wardian  case  or  glass  shade  seems  to  be  its  especial  delight. 
The  fine  white  or  purplish-red  streaks  of  the  leaves  make  them  an  attractive 
amental  plant.  They  require  great  care  in  cultivation,  and  should  never  be 
ubjected  to  drafts,  hot  or  cold.  A  very  good  soil  for  them  is  about  equal  parts  of 
hopped  sphagnum,  or  bog-moss,  peat-earth,  potsherds  and  charcoal,  well  mixed, 
satives  of  the  bogs  or  quagmires  of  the  tropics,  they  require  a  large  amount  of 
well  as  moisture,  all  the  year  round;  they  cannot  be  grown  where  the  atmosphere 
falls  below  sixty.  In  favorable  circumstances  the  Fittonia  will  spread  itself  freely,  but  it 
can  easily  be  controlled  by  the  usual  method  of  pinching  or  cutting  out  when  it  encroaches 
where  it  is  not  wanted.  This  plant  mixed  with  some  of  the  Lycopodiums,  especially  the 
Selaginellas,  constitute  very  pretty  parlor  ornaments  under  glass  shaikh,  and  will  require 
very  little  water  if  the  glass  is  left  on,  as  what  they  evaporate,  being  iicld  within  the  case, 
condenses  and  is  again  absorbed.  During  the  hot  weather,  however,  they  should  receive 
an  occasional  sprinkling  or  syringing  with  tepid  soft  water.  In  cold  weather,  when  there 
is  risk  of  the  temperature  going  below  sixty  degrees,  they  should  be  wrapped  in  paper, 
flannel,  a  shawl,  or  whatever  is  most  convenient.  Their  worth  and  beauty  will  compen- 
sate for  the  extra  care  they  require;  but  careless  amateurs  cannot  well  succeed  with  these 
delicate  exotics.      There  are  three  species,  all  desirable,  in  general  cultivation. 

^^ 


heat, 


^^ 


CULTURE   OF  FAVORITE  PLANTS. 


^:>^  FUCSSJA. 

'v^p^  /7=^^f      WINGING  bells  and  neat,  glossy  foliage  mark  the  Fuchsia,  which  has 
\C\^"'ir-~N^;i^x3  ''^'  '"'"ly  years  formed  one  of  the  most  attractive  of  plants  for  both 

^'V^lv©))  >  giccnhouse  and  parlor  culture.  Dryness  of  the  atmosphere,  one  great 
-~^^^^&a~f  -^  >  '^'•"'■'^  ^^  failure,  can  be  obviated  by  sprinkling  in  the  summer,  and  a 
c  ^^)^f/^-^  ^  ^  jV)  \  cscl  of  water  on  the  stove  in  winter.  Buds  drop  from  several  causes, 
IJ^^T^^  "^  '•'^'^  fault  above  mentioned  being  one,  and  from  the  two  extremes  of 
'J^  J^  kecpnig  the  loots  either  too  dry  or  too  wet.  In  summer,  when  in  bloom,  it 
w  ould  be  ad\  I'-.ihle  to  water  the  plants  twice  a  day  if  the  pot  is  pretty  full  of 
roots  and  the  shrub  of  fair  size.  This  should  be  thoroughly  done,  but  on  no 
account  should  the  plant  be  allowed  to  stand  in  a  saucer  of  water.  This  advice 
presupposes  an  open  soil  and  free  drainage.  After  the  flowering  is  over,  water 
should  be  given  more  sparingly — about  twice  a  week  ^  as  growth  at  this  season  (except 
in  the  winter-flowering  varieties)  should  not  be  encouraged.  They  can  be  wintered  in 
any  common  cellar,  free  from  frost.  Among  the  best  varieties  for  indoor  blooming  in  winter 
are  the  F.  speciosa,the  F.  serratifolia  multiflora  and  the  Rose  of  Castile.  For  outdoor  bloom- 
ing they  require  a  partially  shaded  situation,  under  trees  or  arbors  or  in  the  vicinity  of  other 
bushes;  though  when  planted  they  will  bloom  in  a  sunny  place  also,  but  not  so  well. 

Fuchsias  are  propagated  from  slips,  and  when  required  for  large  plants  should  be  kept 
continually  growing,  shifting  into  the  next  size  larger  pots  as  soon  as  the  roots  touch  the 
sides,  until  they  reach  the  largest  size,  when  they  should  be  transplanted  into  boxes  oj- 
tubs,  where  they  may  be  left  for  many  years,  giving  them  an  annual  top-dressing  of  cow- 
manure,  and  frequent  applications  of  liquid  manure  during  the  season  of  growth.  They 
can  also  be  grown  from  the  seed,  sometimes  giving  new  varieties.  The  rule  for  soil  is 
one  part  each  of  loam,  leaf-mold  and  cow-manure;  but  for  a  fine  specimen  plant  it  should 
be  at  least  one-half  cow-manure. 


FITJSrKIA. 


i 


REAT   numbers   of  people  know  this  species   of  the    Liliaceous 
family  under  the  more  common  title  of  the   Day  Lily,  though  it  is 
easily  distinguishable  from  the  Hemerocallis,  or  common  Day  Lily, 
both  in  the  leaf  and  flower.    The  leaves  of  the  Funkia  are  obovate, 
while  those  of  the  Hemerocallis  are  a  broadish   linear;  the  flowers 
of  the  latter  are  a  light  yellow,  and  those  of  the  Funkia  a  bluish 
te,  and  somewhat  smaller,  with  a  tubular  shape.      Another  difference 
easy  to  be  observed  is  that  the  Funkia  blooms  from  July  to  September,  while 
the  other  is  earlier.     The  botanic  name,  given  in  honor  of  a  German  botanist, 
has  not  quite  universally  replaced  the  older  name  in  popular  acceptance,  and 
the  delay  has  occasioned  some  little  confusion  in  the  minds  of  many  amateurs. 
The  Funkia,  which  is  fast  becoming  recognized  as  the  true  Day  Lily,  is  from 
1  Japan.     Its  finest  species,  the  F.  subcordata,  or  Japonica  of  the  catalogues,  the 
363 


m 


m^ ^ ^^^ 

Ij  CULTIVAriOX  AXD   ANALYSIS    OF  PLANTS.  i\ 

favorite  old  white  Day  Lily  of  the  wardens,  is  a  beautiful  border  plant  and  perfectly 
hardy.  The  tine  heart-shaped  leaves  of  the  Funkia  are  always  pretty  from  their  first 
sprouting  until  they  fall;  and  the  plants  are  well  adapted  to  fill  an  unsightly  waste  place, 
as  their  habit  is  so  cosmopolitan  that  they  will  grow  in  any  soil,  though  they  are  by  no 
means  indifferent  to  a  rich  one.  The  rich,  pearly  and  very  fragrant  trumpet-shaped  flower, 
which  survives  only  for  a  day,  but  is  promptlv  followed  by  its  fellows,  is  a  great 
favorite  wherever  known,  and  amply  compensates  for  the  little  care  it  requires  in  cultiva- 
tion. In  hardy  and  cdd-rndiivinL;  |Hd|)rrtlcs  the  Funkias  arc  excelled  by  hut  few  plants, 
enduring  the  w  iiiteis  >A'  t\cii  cuir  nmthcni  latiliulcs  without  injurw  (jrown  easily  out  of 
doors,  under  trees  or  in  open  beds,  no  collection  should  be  consideretl  complete  without 
them.  As  house  plants  the  smaller  variegated  sorts  are  much  used,  and  under  such  favor- 
alile  circumstances  these  often  anticipate  their  season  of  flowering.  For  the  embellishment 
of  cemeteries,  public  parks  and  other  places  not  receiving  close  attention,  they  have  been 
found  very  acceptable,  withstanding  privation  and  neglect  better  than  most  cultivated 
plants.  They  are  usually  propagated  from  divisions  of  the  roots,  which  grow  in  large 
masses,  and  arc  easily  separated,  either  w  bile  the  plant  is  dormant  —  that  being  the  best 
time  —  or  while  in  liloom.     The  method  is  the  same  as  in  the  Dicentra. 


}■*■  ^,(y/~7-/-\  /*     "iIIEN'CE   sprang  the  error   that  confounds  the  Gardenia  with   the 

^\(\   \\r\  IL**'>      ^  '•■""  J'^s'"'"e  it  is  somewhat  diificult  to  conjecture,  as  they  resemble 

^^'^11  I  V U  /  It  l.kIi  other  only  in  the  odor  they  emit,  and  even  belong  to  different 

V        "^T^p"^^^  t.undies,  the  Gardenia  being  a  Madder.     They  have  been   known 

^*-,v*-  <'  "       111  cultiNation  under  this  name  (given  them  by  Linnaeus  in  honor  of  his 

Kii  1  tspondent  and  friend.  Dr.  Alexander  Garden,  of  Charleston,  South 

Caujhua)  at  least  one  hundred  and  twenty  years;  how  much  longer  under  their 

ioimei  name  it  is  difficult  to  say.     It  is  a  very  fine,  robust,  ornamental  shrub, 

with  thickish,  glossv  leaves  of  an  oblong  or  elliptical  form;  and  produces  large, 

loose  masses  of  doiil'le  Howiis.     The  G.  camelliflora  has  a  large  double  flower 

not  unlike  a  medium   sized   Camellia,  hence  the   name  of  the  species.     All  the 

(lardeiiias  delight  in  a  rich  soil,  composed,  in  equal  parts,  of  leaf-mold,  old 

cow-manuie   and   good  loam;   and,  ex'cept  when  dormant,  in  abundant  moisture,  which, 

however,  should  not  be  suffered  to  become  stagnant.     It  is  important,  and  even  necessary 

to  their  well-being,  that  they  be  kept  clean;  and  hence,  if  syringing  be  found  insufficient, 

the  sponge  should  be  cautiously  and  gently  applied,  the  band  supporting  each  leaf  while 

it  is  being  washed.     They  will  give  an  abundance  of  white  flowers  during  the  winter  when 

properly  cared  for  and  supplied  with  the  necessary  warmth,  which  should  not  be  less  than 

sixty-five  degrees.     In  even  the  coldest  sections  of  our  country  they  can  be  put  out  of  doors 

in  the  summer,  and  allowed  to  rest  for  one  or  two  months,  when,  if  desired,  it  can  be  started 

to  grow  again  by  the  free  application  of  water.     It  is  propagated  by  cuttings  of  the  young 

side-shoots,  which  should  be  treated  in  the  usual  way  already  mentioned  under  Abutilon; 

'— ^^^^ 


-^ 


CrLTURE    OF   FAVORITE   PEAXTS. 


1 


but  very  rarely  from  Needs,  as  it  is  too  sUiw  a  proeess,  requirin 
obtain  a  good  .speeiineii.  They  are  easily  eultixated  as  house  plai 
to  amateurs  as  choice  beauties,  well  worth)'  of  their  attention. 


iree  or  tour  years  to 
uid  are  recommended 


aER^V^^^IUM. 


(ieranium   in  all   its 
house-plants,   being- 


ties  is  one  of  the  most  satisfactory  among 
irably   adapted    tor    either  window,  parlor, 
greenhouse   or  garden  culture.     They  run   through  various   shades 
of  color.     Of  the  reds,  the  deep  or  blood  tints  are  much  handsomer 
than  the  paler  or  orange  reds,  and  the  pink  and  white  are  both  deli- 
cate and  pure.     The  double  ones  do  not  drop  their  petals  like  the 
yet  some  of  the  single  ones  hold  their  own  well,  and  bear  very 
trusses.     The  single  white  are  many  times  \  ery   tickle,  scarce  holding 


the 


ill 


unclasps,  which  is  \  cry  provoking  if  a  full 
It  is  w  ell  to  make  this  inquiry  when  pur- 
s  a  difterence  the  labor  might  as  well  be  ex- 
e  most  lasting  pleasure.  We  have  one  plant, 
its  blossoms  nearly  a  month,  with  from  thirty  to  forty 
e  rather  herbaceous  in  growth,  their  stems  being  a  grayish 
;reen,  and  hut  sliglitly  woody.  When  grown  in  the  house  tluring  suml^^er  they  should  be 
given  plenty  of  air  to  ripen  their  stalks,  as  they  withstand  the  cold  lietter.  Those  that 
blossomed  in  summer  can  be  buried  in  a  clry  pit  and  covered  with  a  foot  of  leaves,  or 
kept  in  the  cellar  in  an  entirely  dark  place,  free  from  frost,  and  require  little  or  no  water; 
We  say  entirely  dark,  as  in  a  partial  light  they  develop  a  useless,  spindling  growth.  They 
can  also  be  wintered  at  a  window,  if  the  space  is  not  wanted  for  blooming  other  plants, 
the  watering  being  governed  by  their  needs.  For  future  outdoor  decoration  large  plants 
may  be  pulled  up  by  the  roots,  the  loose  soil  shaken  off,  the  green  wood  and  leaves 
trimmed  back  to  the  ripe  wood,  and  the  green  cuts  carefully  powdered  with  charcoal  and 
air-slacked  lime,  when  the  whole  may  be  hung  up  in  a  dark  place  free  from  frost.  In  the 
spring  the  plants  should  be  withdrawn  from  their  retreat,  trimmed  back  considerably, 
repotted  if  necessary,  and  given  a  little  special  attention,  when  they  will  very  soon  grow. 
Geraniums  are  among  the  easiest  plants  to  slip.  They  must  have  two  joints  at  least, 
and  three  would  be  better,  the  cutting  being  just  at  the  third.  They  are  less  apt  to  damp 
or  rot  off  if  laid  aside  for  two  or  three  days  in  the  shade  before  planting,  as  b\  that  time 
the  broken  end  heals  over,  or  forms  a  scar,  which  prevents  the  sap  froin.  escaping.  Thev 
are  then  ready  for  planting.  Many,  however,  put  them  down  entirely  fresh.  Some 
kinds  can  also  be  started  in  wet  sand,  and  set  on  the  window-sill  in  the  sun,  in  which 
case  the  sand  must  be  kept  always  sopping  wet,  like  mud,  the  slips  being  potted  as  soon 
as  the  roots  are  assured;  but  the  fleshy,  succulent  varieties  require  less  water.  .  The\- 
can  also  be  rooted  in  soil.  For  ourselves,  not  wanting  manv  at  a  time,  we  stick  them 
down  in  pots  of  our  large  plants,  close  to  the  side  of  the  pot,  where  the  slope  of  the 

:!6s 


^^^m 


^ 


CVLTIVATION  A\D  ANALYSIS   OF  PLANTS. 


crock  gives  them  sufficient  drainage,  and  the  heat  it  draws  from  the  air  furnishes 
all  the  warmth  required.  When  raised  from  seed,  the  long  spur  attached  should  he  cut 
off,  as  it  is  likely  to  work  the  seed  out  of  the  ground. 

Most  of  the  Geraniums  have  strong-scented  foliage,  and  are  quite  free  from  insects. 
The  Rose  Geranium,  with  its  lemon-scented  leaves,  is,  however,  an  exception,  as  the  aphis 
or  green-fly  considers  its  green  shoots  a  dainty  bit.  The  Apple,  Nutmeg  and  Pennyroyal 
Geraniums  are  grown  for  their  fragrant  leaves,  and  are  well  adapted  for  hanging-baskets, 
but  are  better  for  pot  culture. 

Geraniums  require  a  rich,  loamy  soil.  To  have  them  hloom  in  winter,  they  must  not 
be  allowed  to  bloom  during  summer,  and  should  be  kept  with  a  scanty  supplv  of  water. 
In  early  fall  repot  and  trim  back  well,  give  more  water,  and  occasionally  liquid  manure, 
and  the  branches  will  probably  give  flowers  by  December. 


aLj^Dioi,  us. 

.ESERVEDLY  among  the  most  popular  of  bulbous  plants,  the 
Gladiolus  will  always  repav,  bv  its  abundance  of  flowers,  for  the 
care  and  attention  bestowed  upon  it.  In  modem  times  it  has  been 
so  extensively  hybridized  that  the  varieties  now  number  several  hun- 
dreds, and  are  in  a  fair  way  of  being  swelled  to  thousands.  By  this 
process,  however,  they  have  been  made  less  hardy,  and  the  new  speci- 
mens require  more  careful  handling  than  the  old.  All  the  varieties  will  grow  in 
almost  any  soil,  the  richer  earth,  however,  in  every  instance  producing  the  better 
flowers.  The  spot  selected  should  be  enriched  with  good  manure,  which  should 
be  thoroughly  incorporated  with  the  soil.  The  bulbs  should  be  planted  three  to 
six  inches  deep,  according  to  size  (bulblets  only  one  inch),  and  four  to  six  inches 
or  more  apart,  and  abundantly  watered  in  dry  weather.  Supports  should  be  furnished 
each  plant,  if  in  a  windy  situation,  to  keep  the  flower-stalks  upright.  However  small 
the  collection,  it  will  be  found  most  agreeable  to  have  a  number  of  varieties,  as  by  this 
means  a  pleasing  continuity  in  the  times  of  blooming  is  most  readily  insured.  Other 
plants  mav  be  grown  in  the  same  beds,  provided  they  are  a  low-growing  kind,  as  for 
instance  the  Mignonette;  the  shade  or  protection  afforded  by  the  leaves  of  such  seems 
to  be  beneficial  to  the  bulbs  during  the  process  of  growth;  and  they  also  help  to 
relieve  the  scarcity  of  foliage  in  the  slim,  gaunt  Gladiolus.  As  window  or  house 
plants  they  are  scarcely  desirable,  requiring  too  much  root-room,  and  not  possessing 
any  compensating  peculiarities  of  foliage  or  even  of  flower.  They  propagate  themsehes 
by  forming  new  bulbs  upon  the  older  ones,  and  a  number  of  bulblets  under  the  new 
bulb.  These  bulblets  should  be  planted  in  beds  by  themselves,  as  they  have  to  be 
grown  from  two  to  four  years  before  flowering.  They  should  not  be  planted,  however, 
until  tliey  have  been  kept  eighteen  months,  as  if  started  sooner  very  few  of  tiiem  will 
grow.  The  bulblets  invariably  produce  the  same  variety  as  the  parent.  When  the 
flower-stalks  are  dead,  or  after  the  first  light  frost,  the  bulbs  should  be  lifted,  and  such  as 
^_  366  ^^^ 


^^ ^, 

CULTURE   OF  FAVORITE  PLANTS.  i\ 

may  be  unripe  allowed  to  thy  in  some  airy  place,  when  they  may  all  he  trimmed  of  the 
^spent  roots  and  leaves,  and  stored  away  where  thev  will  not  mildew  from  moisture  or 
suffer  from  frost.  The  Gladiolus  is  the  finest  cut  flower  in  existence.  The  spike  placed  in 
a  vase,  after  the  first  flower  has  expanded,  will  develop  and  open  every  bud,  and  grow 
more  delicate  and  beautiful  to  the  last. 


HELIO  TR  OPE. 


MONG  the  favorite  plants  for  window  culture,  and  one  of  the  most 
^-^•jSfV'l  l&f  \t^  tlesirable  for  the  greenhouse,  is  the  Heliotrope;  and  this  on  account  of 
^  '/>^ifclA/Eii  L  f^  its  clusters  of  vanilla-scented  flowers,  which  are  the  various  shades  of 
lavender  or  purple,  and  are  in  great  request  for  cut-flower  decorations 
and  bouquets.  If  we  might  be  allowed  the  expression  we  should  call  it 
one  of  the  most  quick-tempered  of  plants,  pouting  and  petulant,  to  be 
coyly  along  as  if  not  being  led,  or  else  given  its  own  way,  when  it  will  grow 
iriously.  It  is  quite  susceptible  to  a  change  of  atmosphere.  A  plant  brought 
from  the  greenhouse  should  be  watched  that  it  get  not  too  dry  in  the  soil,  which  will 
be  when  it  looks  very  dry  on  the  surface,  or  else  the  leaves  will  begin  to  turn  jellow 
or  brown,  and  in  a  few  days  will  drop.  We  have  sometimes  turned  the  balls  of 
earth  out  on  our  hand,  and  found  the  fine  rootlets,  that  should  be  like  white  silk  and 
full  of  life,  one  brown,  decaying  mass,  rendered  so  by  the  withholden  cup  of  water  on 
the  one  hand,  and  on  the  other  by  the  porousness  of  the  pot,  that  had  withdrawn  what 
moisture  they  derived  from  the  soil.  All  this  dead  substance  should  be  picked  off  gently, 
and  the  plant  replaced  in  the  pot;  when,  with  a  little  more  attention,  it  will  begin  to  grow 
again,  having  become  accustomed  to  its  surroundings. 

When  placed  in  the  groimd  in  summer  the  Heliotrope  grows  finelv,  but  is  very  impa- 
tient of  removal,  as  the  lifting  disturbs  the  roots  too  much.  Those  who  wish  a  choice 
specimen  saved  should  secure  slips  from  it  first,  and  get  them  rooted;  then  they  will  not 
be  entirely  helpless  in  case  of  failure  in  removing  the  plant.  In  taking  up  a  large  plant 
the  following  directions  may  be  observed:  Cut  the  roots  all  round  the  plant,  so  that  the 
ball  of  soil  will  be  a  little  less  than  the  pot  or  box  it  is  intended  to  grow  it  in;  let  the 
cutting  be  done  with  a  very  sharp  knife  or  spade,  and  afler  the  cutting  let  the  plant  remain 
in  the  ground  for  six  or  eight  davs.  When  ready  to  transfer,  lift  the  plant  as  gently  :;s 
possible  from  the  ground  with  something  broad  enough  not  to  disturb  the  roots,  and 
place  it  in  the  pot;  put  this  in  an  entirely  dark  place  for  a  few  days,  giving  no  water  at 
first  (as  the  soil  should  be  in  a  condition  not  to  require  it),  watching  to  see  when  it  begins 
to  revive,  then  gradually  move  it  to  the  light  and  trim  it  back.  The  foliage  will  probably 
fail,  but  if  successful  it  will  start  again. 

The  Heliotrope,  to  be  a  fine  plant,  should  be  allowed  to  grow  large,  and  then  it 
would  be  nearly  always  covered  with  flowers.  A  tub  or  box  is  the  best  place  for  this 
plant.  For  a  window,  one  the  size  of  a  butter  firkin  answers.  Indeed,  a  firkin  itself 
could  be  used  by  washing  it  free  from  grease,  and  then  soaking  out  the  salt  which  it  has 

367  '  M 


m 


CULTIVATIOX  AND   AXALYSIS   OF  PLANTS. 


absorbed  from  the  brine.  A  few  holes  bored  in  the  bottom  would  let  out  all  the  surplus 
water,  and  a  coat  of  stone  color,  drab  or  white  paint  would  make  its  exterior  presentable. 
No  one  growing  the  Heliotrope  only  in  small  pots  can  know  the  pleasure  of  growing  it 
as  a  large  bush,  and  pruning  it  when  too  rampant.  In  summer  a  plant  so  grown  could  be 
placed  out  of  doors  to  adorn  the  yard  or  lawn.  The  soil  recommended  is  three  parts  loam, 
and  one  part  each  of  leaf-mold,  sand  and  inaiunc.  If  kept  constantly  growing  it  blooms 
the  whole  \ear,  its  wood  becoming  quite  hard  and  shrubby.  Arrived  at  this  condition,  it 
can  be  kept  for  many  years  in  a  productive  state,  by  an  annual  top-dressing,  and  liberal 
weekly  supplies  of  liquid  manure.  It  has  been  known  to  live  for  twenty  }-ears  undisturbed 
in  a  sunny  corner  of  a  conservatory;  it  requires  warmth  in  winter,  as  it  cannot  stand  any 
frost.  The  pale  varieties  develop  a  larger  growth  of  flowers  and  are  more  fragrant  than 
the  dark  ones.  A  good  way  to  propagate  Heliotropes  is  to  take  two-inch  cuttings  of  new 
shoots,  pinching  off  the  bottom  leaf,  when  the  slips  are  inserted  in  pans  of  sand  and  water, 
and  kept  abundantly  moistened  until  they  show  new  rootlets  or  begin  to  grow.  This 
process  is  most  successfully  carried  out  in  summer,  or  in  a  temperature  of  at  least  seventy 
degrees;  if  the  heat  rise  above  eighty  or  fall  below  fifty  the  slips  will  usually  fail  to  strike 
root. 


^l 


Hin  rscus. 


''  _^r^  \DER  this  name  are  included  many  lovely  species  of  the  Mallow 
•t  tamih ,  and  all  of  them  are  general  favorites  with  both  amateur 
N  -*,  uid  piotessional  culturists,  for  house  or  garden  purposes.  Their  pop- 
;  ulaiit\  is  not  of  yesterday,  but  dates  far  back  into  the  olden  times, 
1  lint;  know  11  to  Pliny  (who  recommended  the  Hibiscus  for  certain  medi- 
cmil  piopcitics  in  healing  ulcers),  and  bids  fair  to  survive  throughout  all 
tiniL  \piit  tiom  all  useful  qualities,  medicinal  or  other,  it  commends 
itstlt  toi  the  laige,  lose-like  and  very  showy  flowers,  sometimes  four  or  five 
inches  in  diametei,  Avhich  it  produces  in  rather  compact  clusters  on  slender  and 
graceful  stems.  The  beautiful,  brilliant  red  of  the  flowers  make  the  plant  con- 
spicuous at  a  considerable  distance,  and  cannot  fail  to  attract  the  attention  of 
the  most  casual  beholder.  The  leaves,  which  are  large,  long  and  somewhat 
egg-shaped,  but  sharp-pointed,  are  always  pretty,  more  especially  the  variegated  kinds,  as 
they  hang  gracefully  drooping  around  the  upright  stems.  It  is  familiarly  called  the  Rose 
of  China,  but  is  reall\-  indigenous  in  several  other  countries,  including  the  United  States. 
Easy  of  cultivation,  it  can  be  kept  in  good  shape  by  pinching,  and  its  more  compact 
growth  will  remunerate  the  cultivator.  A  soil  composed  of  equal  parts  of  leaf-mold, 
loam  and  manure  is  the  best  adapted  for  it;  and,  like  the  Abutilon,  being  a  gross  feeder, 
it  should  receive  during  the  growing  season  an  abundant  supply  of  water  and  liquid 
manure.  It  is  mainly  propagated  from  cuttings  of  the  young  shoots,  and  but  rarely  from 
seeds.  In  the  summer  months  it  should  be  plunged,  with  or  without  its  pot,  in  some  spare 
bed  or  border,  to  take  the  necessary  rest;  though  it  can  be  made  to  grow  and  bloom  all 
the  year  round  by  an  extra  allowance  of  stimulating  liquid  manure  and  free  watering. 

S68 


.1 


CULTURE   OF  FAVORITE   PLANTS. 


MOYJL. 


F    the    Ho\as, 
pccies,  alfof  t 


or  Wax-plants,  there  are  three  or  four  common 
hem  very  beautiful.  They  are  mostly  woody  vines  of 
a  standent  or  climbing  nature,  with  waxy,  ovate  leaves;  and,  though 
pioperly  belonging  to  the  hothouse,  can  be  grown  with  the  greatest 
e.ise  as  parlor  plants,  always  with  the  understanding  that  warmth  must 
be  supplied  in  winter,  and  that  they  be  kept  free  from  frost.  Of  course, 
the  blossoms  must  not  be  expected  to  appear  as  abundantly  as  when  placed  in 
a  higher  and  moister  temperature,  but,  should  they  utterly  refuse  to  bloom,  the 
beauty  of  the  foliage  would  amply  compensate  for  the  little  care  they  require. 
They  can,  however,  be  almost  always  made  to  bloom  by  withholding  the  usual 
water  supply,  and  suffering  them  to  become  partially  dry  for  several  weeks. 
The  flowers  are  most  exquisitely  beautiful,  the  clusters  being  composed  of  from  fifteen 
to  twenty  florets  arranged  in  the  form  of  a  simple  umbel.  Each  floret  is  in  the  shape 
of  a  five-pointed  star,  with  the  points  slightly  recurved.  The  texture  is  like  wax,  with  a 
rather  plushy  surface.  The  buds  open  always  in  the  evening,  and  all  at  one  time,  as  if 
by  electricity,  so  sudden  is  the  transition  from  bud  to  blossom.  When  plants  are  well 
established  they  grow  freely  and  rapidly,  if  not  neglected  in  the  matter  of  a  judicious 
application  of  water  to  leaf  and  root.  One  in  our  own  collection  (the  Hova  carnosa),  in 
a  twelve-inch  pot,  makes  each  season  vines  about  eight  feet  long,  and  blooms  very  freely 
in  a  common  sitting-room  with  a  southern  aspect. 

We  would  advise  our  readers,  however,  to  secure  good-sized  plants  in  the  first  place, 
those  with  old  flower  stems  or  buds,  if  possible ;  for,  though  growing  readily  from  slips, 
they  are  many  times  very  perverse  in  starting  runners,  often  remaining  stationary  for  a 
provokingly  long  time.  The  flower  or  bud  stems  come  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves,  gen- 
erally at  every  alternate  joint  of  the  young  growth,  forming  one  year  and  blooming  the 
next,  and  from  that  on,  season  after  season,  though  sometimes  skipping.  Occasionally 
buds  come  from  the  old  wood  of  the  vines  as  well.  These  dark  or  woody  flower-stems 
should  never  be  cut  ofl^,  as  there  is  always  a  central  or  live  tip  for  future  bloom,  and  the 
apparent  unsightliness  is  amply  compensated  for  by  their  superior  flowers. 

The  best  soil  is  said  to  be  three  parts  loam,  two  parts  leaf-mold,  and  one  part  sand, 
with  a  little  broken  charcoal.  It  should  be  light  and  open,  with  good  drainage.  The 
repotting  should  be  done  in  spring,  just  as  soon  as  the  plant  begins  to  grow,  and  the 
plant  thoroughly  watered ;  after  which  water  should  be  withheld  a  week  or  more  until 
new  roots  begin  to  form.  When  in  a  large  pot  they  need  not  be  disturbed  every  year. 
In  summer  thty  should  be  watered  when  the  earth  is  dry  on  the  surface;  in  winter,  once 
a  week,  or  less  often,  will  do.  During  the  growing  season  the  plant  should  have  a  watering 
of  liquid  manure,  not  very  strong,  once  or  twice  a  week. 

In  propagating,  the  slips  should  be  laid  aside  a  day  or  two,  until  the  sap  closes  the 
wound.  The  cuttings  should  then  be  placed  near  the  sides  of  the  crock,  and  started,  if 
possible,  in  a  gentle  heat.  The  leaves  also  answer  as  slips.  The  only  insect  we  have 
seen  on  them  is  the  mealy  bug,  which  with  a  little  care  is  easily  kept  under.  In  sitting 
rooms  the  foliage  and  stems  will  require  washing  occasionally  to  remove  the  dust. 

369 


CVLTIVATIUX   AXD   AXALVSIS    OF   PLAXTS. 


1 


Placing  these  plants  out  nt'tloors  rctanl^  or  il 
as  the  strong  sun  sears  and  turns  tiic  Ua\  t- s  yell 
in  the  house  a  thin  shade  is  of  service  at  niidthi 
tropical  climates,  ihat  tliey  should  not  l;o  out  at 


the  bloum,  unless  properly  shaded, 
11  which  thev  never  recover;  even 
r  tlie  ijlass.  We  think,  except  in 
iie\   can  he  "iveii  all  the  necessarv 


JJ  V^VC  1  X  T  H. 


YACINTHS  are  among  the  tirst  plants  to  make  their  appearance 
out  of  doors   in   spring,  and   gladden   the  earth  with   their  bright 
Viloom.     In  preparing  a  bed  or  box  for  the  bulbs,  special  care  should 
be  exercised,  as  their  fleshy  substance  renders  them  an  easy  prey  to 
disease,  and  subjects  them  to  the  attacks  of  rats,  mice  and  other  enemies. 
The  best  soil  for  them  is  a  very  sandy  loam  well  mixed  with  good  leaf- 
mold   and  old  cow-manine.      They  should   be  set   in  rows,  a  few  inches 
h  way,  and   then   covered   three  or  four  inches  deep  with  the  soil.      A 
'  1 'I    '      handful  of  sand   placed  under  each  hulh  will  help  to  prevent  decay.      The  sea- 
\  sdii   of  planting  is  from  the  middle  of  Ocloljer  to  the  same  time  in  No\emher. 

J  After  they  have  ceased  to  bloom,  and   their  leaves   have  decayed  or  died  down 

surface,  the  bulbs  should  be  taken  up  and  placed  in  some  shady  spot  to 
(lr\,  when  thev  shoukl  be  stored  away  in  an, airy  situation  until  again  required  for  plant- 
ing. These  plants  are  also  adapted  to  pot  culture,  and  can  be  grown  singly,  or  two  or 
three  of  different  colors,  in  a  crock  five  or  six  inches  wide.  .V  piece  of  broken  crockery 
or  the  like  is  placed  over  the  hole  for  drainage;  a  little  old  cow-manure  is  laid  thereon, 
and  then  the  pot  is  filled,  within  an  inch  of  the  top,  with  the  soil  above  indicated  as  best 
for  Hyacinths.  Finally  the  bulb  is  placed  in  the  soil,  with  about  one-half  uncovered. 
The  usual  treatinent  for  bulbous  plants,  as  already  given  under  Crocus,  is  then  followed. 
Hyacinths  can  be  grown  in  sand,  and  also  in  water.  In  sand  they  are  placed  in  a  proper 
receptacle  and  set  awav  as  abo^■e,  the  sand  being  kept  merely  moist.  When  the  rootlets 
have  got  a  good  start,  the  leaves  will  begin  to  appear,  showing  that  it  is  time  to'brjng 
them  forwartl  to  the  light.  In  regular  Hyacinth  glasses  there  is  generally  a  rim  or  shal- 
low cup  for  the  bulb  to  rest  in.  The  glass  is  then  filled  with  rainwater  so  as  almost  to 
touch  the  base  of  the  bulb.  The  water  should  be  kept  pure  by  inserting  a  piece  of  char- 
coal and  by  being  changed  weekly.  The  glasses  should  be  put  away  for  about  a  month 
in  some  cool  dark  ]ilace,  when  the\  will  ha\e  rootetl  sufficiently  to  be  brought  forward 
into  the  light  to  linish  -rc.wth.  Tlie  single-flowered  varieties  are  the  best  for  i;lass  cul- 
ture. Hyacinths  that  have  flowered  in  pots  or  glasses  are  afterward  fit  only  for  jilantin- 
in  beds  or  borders.  The  Hollanders  make  a  specialty  of  raising  Hyacinth  bulbs,  and  ha\  e 
produced  and  named  two  thousand  distinct  varieties,  which  they  supply  in  immense  cpian- 
tities  to  the  markets  of  the  world.  It  may  be  imagined  how  gorgeous  an  a]>]xarance  is 
often  presented  in  the  Netherlands  by  a  twenty-acre  lot,  or  more,  wholly  planted  in  Hya- 
cinths; and  the  fragrance  is  said  to  ha\e  been  noticed  fifty  miles  at  sea. 
<  37° 


-^^^5- 


CCLTCRE    OF   FAVORITE    PLANTS. 


L  IB  O  XI A  . 

EAT  and  modest  in  flower,  and  not  without  some  claim  to  a  subdued 
nagnificence,  this  lovely  member  of  the  Figwort  family  is  of  com- 
laratively  recent  introduction  from  Japan.  The  favorite  species  is 
lUnominated  L.  floribunda, from  its  free  flowering  habit,  often  almost 
hiding  its  foliage  under  the  wealth  of  its  blossoms.  The  color, 
which  is  most  frequently  an  orange  or  pure  yellow  on  the  under 
shading  upward  to  a  scarlet  or  deep,  velvety  crimson  on  the  upper 
if  the  flower,  contrasts  finely  with  the  light  green  foliage  of  the  plant. 
i>-  a  slender-branched  plant  and  of  a  tidy,  compact  j^rowth;  it  can  be  formed 
to  the  resemblance  of  a  ball  encircling  and  entirely  hiding  the  pot  in  which 
yrows,  making  it  .\  \  ery  desirable  house  ornament.  The  soil  in  which  it  can 
n  woukl  comprise,  in  about  equal  parts,  sand,  leaf-mold,  loam  and  manure. 
Tile  Libonia  delights  in  plenty  of  pot-room,  water  and  liquid  manure  in  the  growing  and 
flowering  season,  but  abhors  stagnant  moisture,  and  therefore  should  receive  its  supplies 
in  limited  but  repeated  quantities.  It  blooms  from  December  to  May,  after  which  time  it 
should  be  placed  out  of  doors  in  some  partially  shaded  situation.  It  is  most  frequently 
propagated  -from  cuttings  about  an  inch  long  taken  from  the  j^oung  shoots.  It  can  be 
raised  from  seed  if  sown  early,  and  will  flower  the  season  following. 

In  those  sections  of  our  countrv  w-here  there  is  little  or  no  frost,  it  makes  a  very  fine 
ornamental  plant  for  outdoor  cultivation,  either  to  stand  alone  or  to  be  grown  as  a  border 
plant.  It  is  not  quite  hardy  enough  to  withstand  our  northern  winters,  though  it  will 
bear  considerable  cold,  and  blooms  well  in  about  sixty  degrees  of  heat.  The  beauty  of 
the  plant  in  flower,  and  the  ease  with  which  it  may  be  cultivated,  should  render  it  a  more 
ireneral  fa\  orite  than  it  has  vet  become. 


■^1 


LILY 


) 

OR   outdoor  culture   these   bulbs    require  a  good,  sandy  loam,  which 
should  be  dug   to  a  depth  say  of  eighteen  inches,  and  well  worked; 
g>      ;|,1  I  ^llp^V  the  Japanese,  Chinese,  and  a  few  other  species  do  best  in  a  clay  loam. 
—  '  The  bulbs  ought  to  be  set   five  or  six   inches  deep    and    left    undis- 

turbed for  se\eral  years,  as  they  thrive  much  better  and  gi\e  more 
m.  Stable  manure,  until  thoroughly  decayed,  or  any  other  fermenting 
materud,  is  obnoxious  to  them,  but  leaf-mold  or  plenty  of  good,  old  cow- 
anure  would  be  a  w  holcsomc  enrichment.  In  removing,  it  is  best  to  keep  them 
the  ground  as  -hort  a  time  as  possililc;  and  if  bulbs  received  from  seedsmen 
?  in  a  shriveled  state,  a  wrapping  of  moss,  or  cotton  slightly  dampened,  for  two 
three 'days  before  planting,  would  freshen  them  unless  past  redemption.  Many 
of  the  choicer  variety  of  Lilies  are  grown  as  house  plants  in  cities  by  those  who  have  no 
gardens.     A  good  soil   for  their  growth  comprises  equal  parts  of  loam  and    peat,  or  leaf- 


•^fc=- 


I 


CULTIVATION  AND  ANALYSIS   OF  PLANTS. 


1 


mold,  with  which  should  be  incorporated  a  small  quantity  of  coarse,  clean  sand.  The  bulbs 
are  placed  a  little  below  the  surface  of  the  soil,  which  should  be  pressed  firmly  around 
them.  They  arc  then  stored  in  a  cool,  shady  place  where  there  is  no  wet,  and  only 
enough  water  given  them  to  slightly  moisten  the  earth  until  they  begin  to  show  growth, 
when  they  should  receive  a  liberal  supply.  The  stalks  grow  from  two  to  three  feet,  and 
occasionally  much  higher,  requiring  to  be  propped  up  with  stakes.  When  in  bloom  they 
thrive  best  in  a  dry,  airy  place,  as  they  are  liable  to  contract  spots  from  dampness.  After 
the  growing  season  is  over,  the  quantity  of  water  must  be  diminished  until  the  stalk 
dies  down,  when  tlic  bulb  should  be  taken  from  the  old  earth  and  repotted  directly  in 
fresh  soil,  as  they  thus  give  finer  bloom  the  next  season.  Several  plants  can  be  put  in 
an  extra-sized  pot,  but  for  a  single  bulli  a  six-inch  one  is  the  size. 


i 


LILY  OF  TULJ  Y^VLLEY. 

'UCH  esteemed  for  both  beauty  and  fragrance,  though  in  size  but 
an  insignificant  plant,  this  lovely  genus  of  the  Lily  family  is 
extensively  grown,  more  especially  in  the  vicinity  of  all  great 
I  -T^^:^^-^^^j-T^  cities,  for  bouquets,  baskets,  and  all  manner  of  ornamental  pur- 
L  o.^^'S^^^^^S^  poses.  So  great  is  the  demand  that  the  Hollanders  have  built  up 
ui  immense  trade  in  the  tubers,  or  rhizomas,  which  they  grow  with 
more  success  than  any  other  nation,  and  ship  by  tens  of  thousands  to 
the  civilized  world.  They  grow  wild  in  the  valleys  of  the  Alle- 
s  uid  in  the  mountainous  sections  of  our  Southern  States,  as  well  as  in 
localities  throughout  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  But  however  abundant 
those  used  for  cultivation  are  nearly  all  the  product  of  the  Haarlem 
beds,  imported  and  sold  by  the  seedsmen  at  a  price  so  low  that  it  does  not  pay 
to  attempt  the  domestication  of  the  wild  ones.  For  house  decoration  the  rhizomas  should 
be  planted  in  tour  or  five-inch  pots,  in  August,  and  the  pots  plunged  to  the  rim  in  a  cool, 
shady  place,  where  they  may  be  left  until  cold  weather.  Then  they  should  be  set  in  a 
shed  or  other  convenient  place,  sheltered  from  the  sun,  and  allowed  to  freeze  hard.  After 
all  this,  they  are  to  be  placed  in  a  cool,  dark  room,  where  the  temperature  is  above  frost, 
from  whence  they  may  be  brought  forward,  a  few  at  a  time,  and  at  intervals  during 
the  winter,  to  insure  a  succession  in  flowering.  For  outdoor  cultivation  the  tubers  are 
usually  planted  in  the  fall,  and  covered  to  a  depth  of  one  or  two  inches,  with  an 
upper  covering  of  fallen  leaves  of  about  the  same  depth.  To  exhibit  their  attractions 
to  the  best  advantage,  they  should  be  planted  in  a  shady  situation ;  they  will,  however, 
grow  more  rapidly  in  the  full  blaze  of  the  sun,  but  also  perish  more  rapidly  there. 
The  soil  best  adapted  to  their  growth  comprises  two  parts  in  five  of  leaf-mold,  one  of 
good  cow-manure,  one  of  sand  and  one  of  loam.  Outdoors  they  can  be  left  to  nature's 
supplies  in  the  matter  of  watering,  but  indoors  neither  the  roots  nor  even  the  leaves 
should  be  allowed  to  become  entirely  dry,  much  less  to  remain  so  for  any  length  of  time. 


CULTURE   OF  FAVORITE  PLANTS. 


L  IN  A  R  I A  . 


1 


INARIA  cymh;ihiiia,  (ircynihal-like  Toad-Hax,  is  a  low-trailing  plant 
of  the  Figvvort  family,  with  l\y-likc  k'avo,  nnich  nscd  for  hanging 
baskets,  rockwork  and  pot  culture.  It  is  eoninionly  called  Kenilworth 
Ivy,  because  of  the  great  quantities  to  he  found  amid  the  ruins  of  the 
famous  castle  of  that  name  near  Warwick,  England,  immortalized  by 
Sir  Walter  Scott.  It  is  a  very  easy  plant  to  cultivate,  in  or  out  of 
it  will  grow  in  almost  any  soil;  though  like  all  plants  it  has  a  pref- 
erence, and  will  grow  best  in  a  light  soil  composed  of  about  equal  parts  of 
leaf-mold,  loam  and  sand,  with  a  slight  admixture  of  manure.  But  whatever 
the  soil,  it  must  have  abundant  moisture,  and  it  will  not  disdain  an  occasional 
feast  of  liquid  manure.  It  also  delights  in  a  moderate  shade,  which  can  easily 
>e  provided  by  planting  it  among  taller-growing  plants,  in  some  shady  recess,  or  on  the 
north  side  of  a  house,  fence  or  tree.  As  its  free  growing  habit  gives  it  a  tendency  to 
straggle,  if  space  be  limited  it  must  of  course  be  kept  in  place  by  frequent  clippings  or 
pegging  back.  It  will  also  crowd  out  small  plants  if  not  kept  within  bounds,  but  with 
plenty  of  room  it  may  be  allowed  free  scope,  under  which  conditions  it  presents  a  beauti- 
ful, compact  mass  of  foliage,  interspersed  with  numerous  small,  bluish  flowers,  not  unlike 
those  of  the  Snapdragon,  to  which  it  is  related.  It  is  easily  propagated  by  divisions  of 
the  roots.  Another  species,  known  as  the  L.  vulgaris,  or  familiarly  as  the  Butter-and- 
Eggs,  is  well  worthy  of  a  nook  in  any  garden,  being  hardy  and  easy  of  cultivation,  and 
also  quite  pretty  with  its  wealth  of  beautiful,-  yellow  flowers.  This  has  underground 
stems  or  rhizomas,  and  propagates  itself  by  what  may  be  termed  natural  layering,  sending 
in  various  directions  its  offshoots,  any  one  of  which  can  be  made  the  germ  of  a  new  plant. 


NOWN  to  science  as  a  member  of  the  Sterculia  family,  which  very 
closely  resembles  the  Mallows  in  mucilaginous  properties,  the  Ala- 
lia is  a  pretty  little  shrub  growing  from  eighteen  to  twenty-four 
in  height.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  with 
ireful  cultivation  and  a  fair  share  of  sunshine  it  will  produce  an  abun- 
uice  of  sweet-scented,  yellow,  cup-like  flowers  during  the  whole  win- 
r  and  spring.  The  branches  are  slender  and  the  leaves  laciniate,  or 
'  lightly  slashed,  and  small,  making  a  pretty  mass  of  foliage  if  well  kept  in  by 
pinching  or  tying  back.  It  delights  in  a  free  exposure  to  the  atmosphere,  pro- 
vided this  is  not  excessively  cold,  and  its  favorite  normal  temperature  would  be 
somewhere  from  sixty  to  seventy  degrees,  though  it  will  not  suffer  from  the  heat 
unless  this  ascend  to  the  nineties.  It  should  not,  therefore,  be  crowded  out  or 
even  shadowed  by  other  plants,  but  be  given  plenty  of  room  for  roots  and  branches.  The 
best  soil   for  the  Mahernia  is,  two  parts  of  leaf-mold,  one  of  common  earth,  one  of  cow- 

373 


^ 


\T  cvr.rivATioN  axd  ax  alts  is  of  plants.  i\ 

manure,  and  one  of  sand.  Cold  moisture  is  pernicious  to  its  roots,  as  is  lime-water  also; 
pure  rainwater,  "little  and  often,"  is  the  best  prescription,  as  the  leaves  of  the  plant  will 
curl  up  and  become  sickly  if  overdosed.  It  strikes  root  easily  through  small  cuttings,  say 
an  inch  long,  from  young  shoots,  bedded  in  clean  sand  about  half  their  length,  the  leaves 
being  carefully  removed  from  the  embedded  part.  After  they  have  ceased  flowering  in 
the  house  they  should  be  removed  in  the  spring,  for  their  season  of  rest,  to  the  north  of  a 
fence  or  some  low  evergreen,  as  in  that  condition  they  delight  in  a  partial  shade.  The 
species  generally  recommended  to  amateur  culturists  is  the  M.  odorata,  which  is  the  most 
sweetly  scented,  as  its  name  implies;  but  there  are  several  other  varieties  also  well  worth v 
of  attention.  The  Hector  has  orange,  and  the  Diana  pink,  flowers;  and  both  are  pretty, 
highly  ornamental  and  easily  manageable  shrubs,  which  will  give  good  satisfaction,  though 
not  so  fra<;rant  as  the  M.  odorata. 


OLE^NnJER. 

^--^REATLY  admired  for  the  beauty  of  its  bloom,  this  plant  is  scien- 
1\J^  titically  termed  Nerium,  from  the  Greek  neros,  humid,  because  of 
i^/  '  its  love  of  moisture.  The  familiar  name  Oleander  is  a  corruption, 
!s  generally  supposed,  of  the  word  Rhododendron,  or  Rose-tree, 
':ffr^^  from  the  similarity  between  its  flowers  and  the  smaller  Roses.  It 
enjoys  a  very  peculiar  protection  apparently  against  the  sim's  ravs, 
triple  coat  of  mail  or  three-fold  epidermis,  which  is  common  to  but  very 
'few  other  plants.  A  native  of  the  Levant,  it  is  found  on  the  banks  of  the  sacred 
Jordan,  as  well  as  along  other  watei'-courses  and  muddy  bottom-lands,  where 
there  is  a  considerable  accumulation  of  decaved  vegetable  matter.  This,  b}'  the 
usual  rule  of  making  artificial  conditions  approach  as  nearly  as  may  be  to  natural 
surroundings,  suggests  the  value  of  peat-earth,  leaf-mold,  turfy  loam  or  similar 
their  successful  cultivation.  Water  in  abundance,  and  unstinted  supplies  of  liquid 
as  a  substitute  for  the  wet  and  decaying  vegetable  wreck  to  which  they  are  natu- 
rally accustomed,  are  also  implied,  and  experimentally  ascertained,  to  be  necessarv  to  their 
fullest  development.  In  early  summer  they  should  be  moved  outdoors  in  northern  latitudes, 
and  placed  in  some  bed  or  border  made  up  of  the  compost  indicated,  and  freely  manured,  when 
they  will  bloom  abundantly,  and  better  reward  the  cultivator  than  if  kept  after  the  usual 
old-fashioned  method  in  tubs  or  bo.xes.  Toward  the  close  of  summer,  in  order  to  ripen 
the  wood  of  the  Oleanders,  the  supply  of  water  should  he  conslclcraliK  curtailed,  but  not 
so  as  to  allow  the  soil  to  go  entirely  dust-dry.  Great  care  '-hould  be  taken  in  this  respect, 
as  these  plants  are  slow  to  show  injury,  on  account  of  the  extra  epidermis,  and  therefore 
nothing  should  be  left  to  chance.  Oleanders  are  propagated  freely  from  slips  or  cuttings 
in  the  usual  way,  or  by  cuttings  thrust  into  bottles  or  other  convenient  vessels  containing 
weak  soapsuds  or  even  common  rainwater.  In  making  these  cuttings,  which  ought  to 
be  from  two  to  four  inches  long,  the  adhering  leaves  should  be  shortened  or  cut  back  one- 
half.  Layering  can  also  be  used,  though  it  is  not  found  so  convenient;  and  thev  can  of 
course  be  raised  from  the  seed,  flowering  the  second  sea.-on. 

374 


•J 


CULTURE   OF  FAVORITE   PLANTS. 


%1 


C    ^f!!_^^ 


<Pjl  j\^s  I-; 


)LA  tricolor,  from  the  triple  color  of  the  blossoms,  is  the 
■.Liciititic  name  of  the  Pansy,  which  itself  seems  to  have  been 
tleiived  from  the  French  pensee,  a  thought,  from  its  habit  of  hanging 
Its  head  as  if  in  a  pensive  or  thoughtful  attitude.  They  are  among 
oui  earliest  spring  flowers,  and  are  sometimes  forced  in  hotbeds  for 
m.u  ket  long  before  the  grass  makes  its  appearance.  They  are  sold 
in  pots  to  decorate  window  boxes,  but  in  the  house  they  do  well  only 
-hoit  tnne,  as  their  juicy  leaves  soon  become  feasting  field-  for  the  green- 
iich  IS  very  hard  to  subdue  on  these  dwarf  plants.  To  be  at  all  success- 
must  have  all  the  air  that  can  be  admitted,  and  not  too  much  sun.  To 
jate  from  seed  for  spring  blooming,  they  should  be  sown  late  in  August 
or  early  in  September;  for  midsummer  and  tall  blooming,  they  should  be 
sow  11  In  spring.  To  produce  large  flowers  they  require  a  rich  soil  and  a  partially  shaded 
-.itiuitioii  where  thev  will  escape  the  noonday  heat  and  receive  a  few  hours  of  the  morn- 
ing or  afternoon  ravs.  They  mav  be  increased  or  propagated  bj-  cuttings,  layers,  or 
divisions  of  the  root.  Cuttings  are  taken  about  the  second  spring  or  fall  month.  These 
arc  much  better  than  the  older  plants,  which  are  usually  woody  and  hollqw,  and  are  best 
rooted  in  light,  sandy  soil  in  a  shady  place,  being  covered  with  a  bell-glass  or  oiled  paper. 
They  should  be  set  an  inch  or  more  deep,  with  the  earth  firmly  placed  around  them. 
The  varieties  are  numerous,  amounting  to  several  hundred.  Seeds  should  be  sown  soon 
after  gathering,  as  thev  deteriorate  in  keeping.      Layering  is  done  as  described  elsewhere. 


^-v  '^  J^  ^  -i  Ji  <^  (>  X  J  r  M , 

^^^  ELARGOXIl'MS  (from  the  Greek  pdargos,  a  stork,  because  of 
^  the  resemblance  <if  the  beaked  seed  to  a  stork's  bill)  are  plants  allied 
to  the  Geraniums,  constituting  a  genus  of  that  family  and  embrac- 
ing three  hundred  species,  and  are  occasionally  called  Fancy  Gera- 
niums, of  which  one  of  the  most  popular  is  known  as  the  Lady 
Washington.  All  the  Pelargoniums  are  shrubby  or  hard-wooded, 
.pi  the  shoots  that  bear  the  blossoms.  The  flowers,  which  appear  in  trusses, 
\ariiui-l\  iiiarkc-il,  either  ilarkly  \eiiic(l.  or  with  the  upper  petals  differing 
lower,  or  sliaded  from  a  deep  tone  to  a  lighter,  as  from  almost  black 
to  scarlet,  and  so  on  through  cherry,  crimson,  lilac,  white  and  pink.  They 
are  among  our  handsomest,  most  delicate  and  showy  flowers.  So  singularly 
picturesque  arc  the  markings  in  different  varieties  of  the  Pelargoniums  that  they  have 
been  named  Clown,  Pantaloon  and  Harlequin,  the  flowers  resembling  the  typical  costumes 
of  these  well-known,  popular  characters.  They  never  thrive  so  well  when  placed  in  the 
garden,  except  when  retained  in  the  pots  in  which  they  are  grown,  and  plunged  in  the 
ground;  for,  if  the  roots  get  too  much  room,  the  plant  grows  almost  entirely  to  foliage. 

375 


i 


CULTIVATION  AND   AX  ALTS  IS    OF  PLANTS. 

The  Pelargoniums  are  natives  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and,  like  other  floral  impor- 
tations from  that  region,  are  almost  hardy  enough  to  endure  our  severe  northern  winters. 
Though  they  are  easy  of  cultivation,  it  is  hetter  to  secure  good,  tree-like  plants,  with  thick 
and  stout  young  shoots.  After  the  flowering  season  is  over,  ripen  the  young  wood  by 
withholding  the  water  supply;  and  in  the  fall  prune  back  to  the  ripe  wood,  leaving  only 
two  or  three  eyes  to  each  branch,  always  preserving  the  symmetry  of  the  bush.  At  a 
window  they  need  turning,  as  do  all  plants,  to  keep  them  from  being  one-sided.  They 
should  be  repotted  once  or  more,  according  to  circumstances,  every  season  in  very  rich 
earth,  and  given  larger  pots  as  the  plants  increase;  and  the  larger  and  more  bushy  thev 
are,  the  better  and  the  more  flowers  they  have.  They  are  most  acceptable  for  groupings 
and  combinations  of  all  kinds,  the  richness  and  variety  of  coloring  lending  them  a  peculiar 
attractiveness  as  house  and  conservatory  plants,  furnishing  material  for  bouquets  that  can- 
not be  surpassed  in  richness  and  beauty.  Though,  like  so  many  other  favorite  flowers, 
they  have  probably  passed  beyond  their  period  of  greatest  popularity,  they  can  never  fail 
entirely  to  be  cherished  by  the  lovers  of  choice  plants. 

The  method  of  propagation  is  to  take  side-shoots  about  three  joints  in  length,  the 
bottom  joint  being  fully  ripened,  and  cut  clean  and  smooth  underneath,  while  a  portion 
of  each  leaf  should  also  be  trimmed  off.  They  can  be  wintered  in  a  cellar,  the  roots  being 
kept  nearly  dry. 


1 


^EPER  OMIJ^. 

^y  UPERB  among  the  Reseda  family  for  the  beautiful  markings  of  the 
to--b      leaves,  together  with  its  magnificent  habit  of  growth,  the  Peperomia 
LkT  ri  I  \^^)  jV*^  is  worthy  of  a  place  in  every  collection,  whether  within  doors  or  out. 
(^  ■^*^j^2//^;-Yf~"a&i  It  delights  to  gi-ow  in  a  still,  warm  atmosphere  with  abundance  of 
C  '/.jfA^.      ^  V      moisture,  as  in  a  Wardian  case,  or  in  some  shady  nook  of  the  house  or 
^^ #^^^  garden.     There  are  several  varieties  that  have  attained  a  well-deserved 

^  popularity  as  ornamental  plants  because  of  their  foliage.     The)'  are  natives 
of  Brazil,  and  require  semi-tropical  surroundings,  or  a  heat  of  at  least  sixty-five 
degrees.     A  compost  made  of  two  parts  peat,  or  bog-earth,  one  of  loam  and 
one  of  sand,  mixed  with  bits  of  charcoal  or  potsherds,  forms  a  congenial  soil  for 
their  growth.     The  Peperomias  are  low-trailing  plants,  spreading  out  laterally 
and  striking  fresh  roots  at  each  joint  of  their  side-shoots.    They  can  easily  be  propagated 
by  cuttings  of  these  shoots,  as  they  are  already  provided  with  rootlets.     Combined  with 
Selaginellas,  they  produce  a  nice  effect  by  the  contrast  of  their  broad,  ovate   lea\es  with 
the  narrow,  pinnate  leaves  of  the  other,  an  effect  which  is  much  enhanced  by  their  pecu- 
liar markings.     In  some  these  consist  of  beautiful,  grayish-white  streaks  along  the  lines 
of  the  nerves;  in  others  these  streaks  are  of  a  reddish  tint;  while  in  a  few  the  streaks 
are  replaced   by  silvery  blotches  of  irregular  shapes.     These  plants  should   always  be 
watered  with  tepid  rainwater,  and  by  sprinkling  or  syringing  only,  and  never  by  pouring, 
cC       as  they  insist  upon  a  faithful  imitation  of  the  natural  process.  Ij 


m 


..p-t 


CULTURE    OF  FAVORITE   PLANTS. 


(PETZ^KTUl. 


^ 

ii 


jj^ASILY  cultivatL-a  fVoni  seed,  the  Petunias  arc  halt"-hardy  perennial 
'  *  plants,  blooming  the  first  season,  and  therefore  usually  grown  as  sum- 
mer annuals.  They  run  through  many  shades  and  markings,  being 
mottled,  striped,  clouded,  feathered  and  in  plain  colors.  The  seeds  are 
very  small,  and  should  be  sown  on  the  sin-face  and  rubbed  in  with  the 
hand  or  be  lightly  covered.  After  the  plants  are  up,  they  should  be 
out  liberally,  as  each  individual  plant  becomes  quite  large,  and  blooms  the 
better  for  having  plenty  of  room.  If  the  tip  of  the  main  branch  is  taken  off,  the 
side  branches  will  be  more  numerous,  thereby  giving  a  more  liberal  supply  of 
flowers.  The  double  ones  are  more  often  grown  from  cuttings  or  slips  than  from 
seeds.  The  seeds  of  double  flowers  in  these  plants  are  obtained  by  fructifying 
the  jjistils  with  the  pollen  from  a  single  or  semi-double  flower;  occasionally,  however,  this 
process  will  jield  single  flowering  plants.  Petunias  are  grown  in  windows  and  conserva- 
tories as  well  as  gardens,  especially  the  double  varieties.  A  good  soil  for  their  growth 
may  be  made  up  of  equal  parts  of  loam,  leaf-mold,  good  manure  and  sand.  Petunias 
seed  freely,  and  are  largely  self-propagating;  but  a  few  of  the  superior  hybrids  are  liable 
to  prove  defective  in  this  respect;  and,  to  insure  success  in  raising  these  fancy  kinds,  the 
simplest  and  best  method  is  to  invest  a  small  amount  in  the  seeds  raised  by  some  specialist. 
They  will  appear  earl\'  in  spring,  but  all  the  sooner  if  the  beds  he  cleared  of  old  flower- 
stems  and  other  rubbish.  A  few  Petunia  plants  will  in  a  short  time  cover  an  area  of  sev- 
eral square  yards,  and  they  therefore  furnish  a  cheap  and  easy  way  of  floral  ornamentation. 
In  thinning  out,  the  strongest  specimens  should  of  course  be  retained,  and  left  not  less  than 
six  inches  apart.  They  bloom  in  the  open  air,  in  even  northern  latitudes,  from  June  to 
frost;  and  in  warmer  climes,  or  raised  in  hotbeds  or  under  cold-frames,  the  season  of  bloom 
is  proportionably  prolonged,  being  virtually  all  the  year  round. 


I 


petals 


RILLIANT  red  or  flame  color,  is  the  significance  of  the  scientific 
of  this  genus  of  plants,  which  belongs  to  the  Polemonium 
_  .     The   Phlox  is  a  native   American   plant  of  many  species, 
of  them  pretty,  but  perhaps  none  so  desirable  in  every  respect 
the  P.  Drummondii,  so   named   in   honor  of  the  distinguished 
Scottish    collector,    Drummond,  who  discovered    it    in    Texas,    in 
Much  transformed  and    improved  by  cultivation,  it    has   been  reintro- 
duced into  its  native  America,  and  is  yearly  becoming  more  popular,  one  well- 
known  florist  cultivating  from  five  to  ten  acres  every  year  with  this  plant  alone. 
There  are  several  varieties,  and  the  number  is  yearly  increasing,  with  flowers 
varving  in  color  from  the  deepest  crimson  to  the  purest  white;  and  the  colored 
'  svmmetricallv  arranged  around  a  common  center,  which  itself  invariably  differs 


CITLTIVATIOX   AXD    ANAI.rSTS    OF  PT.AXTS. 


in  color  from  them.     The  various  markings  make  these  flowers  to  rank  with  the  most 
heautilul  treasures  of  the  floral  kingdom,  while  they  are  by  no  means  deficient  in  fragrance. 

As  a  low-spreading  plant,  the  P.  Drummondii  is  no  contemptible  rival  to  the  far-famed 
and  longer-known  Verbena.  "It  even  possesses  some  attractions  that  give  it  a  decided 
advantage  over  that  popular  flower;  for  instance,  it  is  less  subject  to  insects  and  not  so 
dependent  on  moisture,  though  it  is  bv  no  means  indifferent  to  attention  in  this  respect. 
As  a  plant  for  bedding  out  in  large  or  small  (|iKintities,  it  can  scarcely  be  surpassed,  as  it 
blooms  early  and  continuously  througli  the  whole  summer  and  fall  until  frost.  In  large 
masses  it  makes  the  most  brilliant  and  at  the  same  time  the  most  delicate  of  flower-beds, 
while  the  case  with  which  it  mav  be  cultivated  should  make  it  everybody's  flower. 

For  early  blooming  it  is  best  to  sow  the  seed  in  a  shallovi'  box  only  two  or  three 
inches  ileep,  placed  where  the  seedlings  can  have  some  protection  from  the  occasional 
liiclemcncv  of  the  weather  in  early  spring.  It  is,  however,  hardy,  and  accommodating 
enough  to  dispense  with  such  attentions,  absolutely  requiring  only  to  have  its  seed  sown 
in  any  garden  soil,  but  the  less  attention  the  later  the  flowers.  It  will  propagate  itself* 
fi-eely  by  scattering  its  own  seed  when  fully  ripe.  To  collect  the  seed  of  the  P.  Drum- 
mondii, it  is  necessary  to  gather  the  pods  when  a  little  more  than  half  ripe,  or  when  they 
have  begun  to  turn  a  yellowish  brown.  They  should  then  be  spread  out  for  four  or  five 
days  in  some  dry,  airy  place,  to  complete  the  ripening  process.  Where  they  are  allowed 
to  sow  themselves,  the  ground  slicmld  not  be  distui'bed  in  spring,  requiring  only  to  be 
raked  free  of  rubbish  and  overlaid  with  a  mixture  of  iialf  conmion  earth  and  half  manure, 
to  the  depth  of  about  an  incb.  This  will  sa\  e  ronsideralile  trouble  in  the  matter  of  dig- 
ging, but  will  be  attended  by  some  extra  laboi-  in  thinning  out.  For  those,  however,  who 
wish  to  make  the  most  of  the  Phloxes,  the  best  method  Is  to  sow  the  seed,  as  already 
recommended,  e\  ery  year,  and  dig  the  soil,  where  they  are  to  bloom,  to  a  spade's  deptli, 
enriching  It  at  the  same  time  with  the  best  manure  at  hanil.  As  house  plants  they  are 
not  desirable,  as  thev  sliow  best  In  open  beds  or  borders. 


1 


'    EXDMIXATED    Physianthns    from    two    (ireek   words    signil"\ 
nature-flower,  it  Is  dlfhcull  to  determine  In  what  respect  this   plant  Is 
more  entitled  to  tiiat  name  than  a  hundred  others.     The  species  most 

f\^^  r;:,~     ^     '"  cultivation  Is  denominated   P.  albicans,  from  the  Latin  albico^  I  make 
:£il«>'.;^^    f,^^  white,  because  of  its  abimdance  of  white   flowers.      It   belongs  to  the 
vv^'  Nightshade   family,  and    Is    niuch    grown   as   a    house   ornament.      The 

white  Hciwers,  w  hicli  are  about  an  Ineh  In  diameter,  grow  In  thick  clusters  in  all 
the  axils,  and  emit  a  pleasant  fragrance.  They  are  much  used  on  public  occasions, 
as  at  births,  marriages  and  funerals,  in  baptismal  bouquets,  bridal  wreaths,  and 
mortuary  chaplets.  The  Physianthns  is  a  good  climber,  covering  a  window-fraine 
in  a  short  time,  yielding  itself  to  the  owner's  wishes,  and  readily  assuming  such 
shape  as  may  be  desired.     Outdoors  in  warm  latitudes  the  plants  bloom  freely  throughout 


r 


CULTURE    OF   FAVORITE   PLANTS. 


the  summer,  growing  into  large  bushes  with  moderate, care.  They  deHght  in  a  rich  soil 
composed  of,  one  part  cow-manure,  one  loam,  one  leaf-mold  and  one  sand.  They  also 
delight  in  abundance  of  water  during  warm  weather,  and  plenty  of  room  for  the  great 
masses  of  roots  which  they  form.  They  are  most  usually  propagated  by  slips  of  }oung 
wood,  but  not  infrequently  by  layering.  This  layering  is  of  course  peculiar,  as  these  are 
pot  plants  in  northern  latitudes,  and  the  process  is  thus:  Shoots  from  the  parent  plant 
should  be  pegged  down,  near  to  a  joint,  in  an  adjoining  pot  full  of  the  proper  soil,  Inil 
in  which  nothing  is  growing;  a  little  damp  moss,  or,  wanting  this,  a  little  cotton-battiiiL; 
kept  moist  and  placed  over  the  joint,  will  hasten  the  operation  of  rooting.  Thev  reciuir'. 
but  little  rest,  and  will  take  it  indifferently  at  any  season;  their  accommodating  habit 
should  not,  however,  deprive  them  of  due  attention  in  this  respect,  as  thev  will  be  all  the 
better  for  one  or  two  months'  rest.  They  will  not  flourish  in  less  than  fifty-five  degrees, 
and  frost  will  entirely  kill  them.  As  they  arc  liable  to  be  infested  bv  mealy  bugs  and 
scales,  they  should  be  syringed  at  least  once  a  day  in  the  growing  season. 


Sfia 


Primroses  are  very  attractive  flowers  in  all  the  varieties,  but  those 
most  frequent  in  amateur  indoor  cultivation  are  of  the  species  dis- 
tinguished as  the  Chinese.  These  bloom  most  freely  during  the  latter 
jjart  of  winter  and  through  the  spring,  and  even  often  into  the  suni- 
mer.  The  leaves  are  soft  and  downy,  sometimes  nearly  round,  and 
in  other  plants  so  deeply  dentate  as  to  be  called  fern-leaved.  The 
are  like  delicate  porcelain,  and  appear  in  upright  clusters,  each  being 
with  a  plain  or  fringed  margin.  The  colors  are  white,  rose,  aiul 
\  arying  shades  through  to  crimson,  with  a  greenish-yellow  eye  in  the  center. 
They  can  be  grown  from  the  side-shoots  (used  as  cuttings  or  slip--),  which, 
when  low  down  on  the  plant,  start  the  rudiments  of  roots  even  before  removal. 
The  great  trouble  is  that  thev  are  apt  to  damp  off  or  decay  at  the  base  before 
rooting.  The  following  method  we  have  found  successful.  We  take  the  cutting  as  soon 
as  severed  and  dust  the  entl  with  powdered  charcoal;  we  then  press  it  against  the  soil, 
taking  care  not  to  embed  it  too  deeply,  and  often  prop  it  to  keep  it  upright;  the  next  pro- 
cess is  to  cover  it  with  a  bell-glass  or  other  glass  shade,  which  is  tilted  slightly  so  as  to 
admit  fresh  air.  We  administei  a  spoonful  of  water  about  every  two  days.  These  Prim- 
rose cuttings  require  a  moist,  still  atmosphere  when  taking  root,  but  should  they  show 
signs  of  damping  off,  or  becoming  sickly,  which  is  evidenced  by  the  leaves  becoming 
vellow,  a  little  drv  sand,  charcoal  or  brickdust  supplied  around  the  base  will  help  them. 
The\  do  not  thrive  if  too  damp,  as  a  softness  or  rot  attacks  the  stalk,  a  fine  plant  often 
looking  quite  healthv  at  the  top  when  it  is  gone  past  redemption  ju-t  above  the  root.  The 
leaves,  when  torn  and  faded,  should  be  broken  off  only  halfway  up  the  stem,  as  otherwise 
the  disease  mentioned  is  sometimes  produced.  They  should  be  kept  in  a  shady  situation, 
and  not  watered  much  in  summer,  as  that  is  their  dormant  season.     When  the  central  stalk 

379 


CVI.riVATIOX  AXD    AXAI.TSIS    OF  PLANTS. 


becomes  bare  of  leaves,  the  plant  may  be  turned  out  of  its  pot  and  some  of  the  lower 
earth  removed,  the  plant  replaced  and  more  soil  added  on  the  surface.  When  grown  from 
seeds,  these  should  be  sown  on  a  soil  of  leaf-mold  antl  manure,  the  surface  being  rather 
rough;  a  paper  is  then  to  be  tied  over  the  pot  or  box,  and  this  paper  only  to  be  kept 
dampened.  They  begin  to  germinate  in  about  three  weeks.  When  they  have  developed 
two  or  three  of  their  downy  leaves,  they  may  be  given  small  pots  to  themselves,  being 
transferred  to  larger  ones  as  they  grow.  For  fall  blooming  they  should  be  sown  in 
March  or  April ;  for  later  flowering,  during  midsummer.  It  is  better  to  carefully  sow  the 
seeds  some  distance  apart,  so  that  in  transplanting  each  can  have  soil  around  its  root. 


&OSE. 

EYOND  all  cavil,  the  Rose  is  entitled  to  the  preeminence  it  has  ever 
held  as  Queen  of  Flowers.  The  purity  of  her  blossoms,  the  exquisite 
texture  of  the  satin  or  velvet  petals,  with  their  rich  hues  and  delicate 
tints,  the  half-pouting  buds  just  untying  their  green  ribbons,  the  per- 
petual incense  that  arises  from  their  opening  lips,  charm  and  enchant 
us,  subdue  and  conquer  us,  and  we  become  most  humble  servitors  at 
her  throne.  There  are  two  grand  divisions  of  Roses  recognized  by  fjorists  and 
amateurs,  known  as  the  Summer  and  the  Perpetual  Roses.  The  former  bloom 
once  in  summer,  whence  the  name;  and  under  this  class  are  included  what  are 
familiarly  called  June  Roses,  June  Moss  Roses  and  June  Climbers,  all  of  which, 
together  with  sundry  allied  varieties,  are  hardy  and  easy  of  culture.  The  second 
division  are  the  Perpetual  or  Remontant  Roses,  under  which  are  included  Bengal,  China, 
Tea-scented,  Bourbon,  and  Noisette  Roses.  All  of  these  flower  several  times  in  the 
season,  and  should  be  well  trimmed  back  wherever  they  make  a  weak,  spindling  growth; 
the  strong,  healthy  shoots  may  also  with  advantage  be  cut  back  one-fifth  of  their  length. 
According  to  their  habit  of  growth,  Roses  may  be  described  as  Climbers,  Half-climbcrs, 
Intermediates  and  Dwarfs;  and  these  are  found  in  each  division  of  the  Rose  family.  The 
Climbers  throw  out  long  main  branches,  well  supplied  with  shorter  side  branches  that 
produce  the  flowers,  in  which  respect  they  are  different  from  the  others  only  in  the  matter 
of  length;  the  Half-climbers,  roughly  estimating,  reach  about  one-half,  the  Intermediates 
one-fourth,  and  the  Dwarfs  one-eighth,  as  high  as  the  Climbers. 

The  planting  of  roses  requires  special  care,  and  should  be  trusted  to  no  slovenly  hand. 
They  will  grow  in  any  ordinary  soil,  but  the  richer  it  is,  the  finer  will  be  the  bushes  and 
the  more  prolific  the  blossoms.  The  place  where  the  plants  are  to  be  grown  should  be 
dug  to  the  depth  of  a  foot  and  a  half  or  more,  the  soil  turned  to  one  side,  and  a  good 
layer  of  broken  brick,  stone  or  coarse  gravel  placed  in  the  bottom,  overtopped  by  sods 
with  the  grassy  side  turned  downward,  to  secure  drainage,  where  such  precaution  is 
necessary;  for  while  the  rose  likes  plenty  of  water  during  its  growing  season,  it  much  dis- 
likes to  have  its  roots  standing  in  a  pool,  which  soon  shows  its  effects  on  foliage  and  flower. 
Good  garden  loam  should  be  mixed  with  well  rotted  manure  until  thoroughly  incorporated, 

.csSo 


-^i 


CULrURE    OF  FAVORITE   PI.AXTS. 


when  the  compound  should  be  placed  on  top  of  the  drainage  read}'  for  receiving  the  plant, 
the  roots  of  which  should  be  firmly  embedded  by  pressing  the  earth  about  them.  If  the 
soil  is  very  light,  it  will  be  necessary  to  add  clay  or  strong  clay-loam  to  render  it  more 
retentive  of  moisture.  A  liberal  dressing  of  marl  or  blue-clay  benefits  all  Roses.  The 
first  few  rain  storms  should  be  cai^efully  watched  to  see  if  the  soil  settles,  as  it  doubtless 
will  do  somewhat  into  the  rubbish  placed  for  drainage,  and  where  it  does,  the  shrinkage 
should  be  made  good  by  adding  more  loam.  Top-dressing  every  year,  and  the  application 
of  liquid  manure  about  twice  a  week,  during  summer,  are  beneficial. 

It  is  only  by  rich  feeding  that  the  so-called  Perpetual  Roses  will  bloom  more  than 
once  a  season  in  this  our  dry  climate.  These  varieties  should  be  pruned  twice  a  year 
—  once  in  June,  and  again  late  in  the  fall;  yet  of  course  the  pruning  depends  somewhat 
on  the  latitude  in  which  thev  are  grown.  The  old  wood  should  be  kept  well  cut  out  at 
all  times,  especiallv  in  house  roses.  Pruning  in  spring  hastens  the  starting  of  the  buds, 
and  should  not  be  done  too  early,  as  a  sudden  frost  would  at  once  destroy  all  prospect 
of  bloom. 

Large  trees  absorb  a  great  deal  of  nourishment  from  the  soil,  and  consequently  roses 
should  not  be  planted  too  close  to  them  if  perfection  is  expected.  They  like  fresh  soil 
very  much,  and  it  frequently  benefits  pot  Roses  to  wash  the  soil  from  their  roots,  giving 
them  a  new  supply;  but  not  when  budded  and  blooming,  as  of  course  they  should  not  be 
then  disturbed.  Roses  demand  deep,  rich  soil  and  plenty  of  sun  and  air,  to  keep  them 
free  from  disease.  If  Roses  are  budded  or  grafted  on  other  roots  than  their  own,  as  for 
instance  the  brier,  or  strong-growing  wild  ones,  all  canes  coming  up  from  the  roots  should 
be  destroyed  as  soon  as  they  are  observed,  as  they  would  absorb  much  of  the  nutriment 
necessary  to  the  well-being  of  the  fairer  plant. 

The  Climbers  and  Half-climbers  are  generally  propagated  by  layers,  and  the  other 
sorts  by  cuttings.  These  cuttings  should  have  three  or  four  joints  of  half-ripened  wood, 
and  may  be  made  to  strike  root  in  some  shady  corner  outdoors  during  summer.  The  Tea 
and  China  Roses,  which  are  the  most  usually  cultivated  as  house-plants,  strike  root  well 
if  placed  along  the  sides  of  pots  where  other  plants  are  growing,  as  in  such  situations  they 
enjoy  the  required  shade  and  heat.  The  blind  shoots,  that  is,  such  as  produce  no  flowers, 
are  the  best  for  cuttings  in  all  kinds  of  Rose  plants,  as  they  root  well  and  send  forth 
strong,  vigorous  flower-bearing  stems.  If  cultivated  outside,  the  Summer  Roses  can  be 
planted  in  spring  or  autumn.  In  extreme  latitudes  the  plants  should  be  drawn  together 
and  bound  with  straw  or  matting,  and  the  climbers  be  laid  on  the  ground  and  covered 
with  sod,  sand  or  manure.  When  laying  down  for  winter  protection,  a  few  handfuls  of 
soot  thrown  in  among  the  shoots  or  on  the  crown  is  an  excellent  preventive  against  the 
destructiveness  of  rats  and  mice.  The  small  Tea  Roses  are  the  ones  most  frequently  found 
in  window  culture.  The  success  in  cultivation  is  varied,  the  heat  of  dry  rooms  making 
them  likely  to  be  devoured  by  insects  unless  considerable  care  is  exercised.  They  suffer 
much  if  their  roots  become  dry,  and  die  outright  if  kept  too  wet.  A  good  way  to  avoid 
either  extreme  is,  in  potting  to  put  some  broken  potsherds  or  charcoal  in  the  bottom,  fill- 
ing in  around  the  roots  with  rich  soil;  then  place  the  pot  into  one  a  couple  of  sizes  larger, 
and  fill  the  space  between  with  moss  or  cotton-batting.  This  intermediate  padding  should 
be  kept  always  damp,  thus  affording  the  necessary  moisture  without  excess. 

3S1 


CVLTIVATIOX  AXD   AXALVSIS   OF  FLAXTS. 


^5 


j^  \l()\'r;  the  rather  fxtensi\e  family  of  Saxifratjes,  perhaps  the  most 
iiily  Liilti\  ated  as  a  house  plant  is  the  S.  sarmentosa,  jjopularly 
as  the  Beefsteak  Saxifrajje,  and  sometimes  as  the  Strawberry 
um.  Originally  intnxiuced  from  China  or  Japan,  its  hardv 
adapts  it  t"  all  places  wwA  all  conditions  of  the  atmosphere 
iho\e  the  free/.inj;  point.  Its  leases  are  \  cry  nearly  heart-shaped,  or 
approaching-  the  kidney  shape;  and  are  thickish,  slightly  hairy,  of  a  bright  green 
on  the  upper  surface,  and  a  flesh  or  purplish-red  color  underneath,  not  unlike  the 
iegonias.  The  leaves  resemble  a  small  inverted  saucer  in  shape  and  size,  and  are 
)ften  variegated  along  the  edges,  or  reticulated  throughout  with  peculiar  salmon- 
■olored  markings,  mixed  with  a  yellowish-white.  One  of  the  varieties  derives  its 
distinguishing  name  from  this  feature,  being  called  tricolor.  Most  varieties  of  the  Saxi- 
frage are  liable  to  run  back,  as  florists  sa\ ,  to  the  condition  of  the  primitive  plant,  a  plain 
green  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  lea\es.  It  is  much  culti\ated  as  a  parlor  ornament  in 
a  hanging-basket  in  combination  with  others,  or  grown  by  itself  as  a  specimen  jjlant, 
sending  over  the  sides  long  strings  of  stems  and  leaves,  which  can  be  easily  trained  to 
completely  cover  the  pot.  The  method  of  propagation  is  ordinarily  by  the  little  tufts  or 
bunches  of  miniatine  plants  that  grow  upon  the  strings  or  runners,  or  upon  the  sides  of 
the  old  jjlant.  These  will  strike  root  readily  in  any  damp  soil  or  sand,  and  indeed  are 
often  provided  with  rootlets  before  being  separated  from  a  parent  plant.  They  can  also  be 
raised  from  seeds.  These  plants  require  an  abundance  of  moisture,  and  a  temperature  of 
not  less"  than  sixty  degrees.  They  can  be  easily  kept  green  all  the  year  round,  if  thought 
desirable,  by  giving  them  water  and  a  shady  situation  in  a  good,  rich  soil,  although  they 
will  accommodate  themselves  to  a  very  poor  one. 


i  "'"' 


SCILLJl. 

HIO  and  the  States  west  and  south  thereof  produce  a  species  of 
indigenous  Scilla  scientifically  known  as  the  S.  Fraseri,  and  popu- 
larly as  Wild  Hvacinth.  The  Scilla  is  a  member  of  the  Liliaceous 
family,  and  has  been  long  noted  for  its  medicinal  properties  under 
the  familiar  product  of  syrup  of  squills,  which,  however,  is  chieflv 
produced  from  the  allied  genus,  Urginea  Scilla.  As  an  indoor  or 
outdooi-  plant  there  are  few  bulbs  that  gixe  more  satisfaction  in  proportion  to 
the  care  and  time  bestowed.      For  a  small    plant  it   is   highly  ornamental,  and 


s  iiuu'h   used    t"< 


)xes  or  si 
requirin 


m  pii 


■s,  or  beds  and   li 
protection.     Its 


:is   they 
^  to  blc 


outdoors,  they 


.     little 

ers,  half  an  inch  to  an  inch  in  diameter,  are 
St  with  the  surrounding  foliage.  Among  the 
ladden  their  owners  at  the  first  tlisapj)earance 
382 


■^^^t 


CULTLRE    OF   FAVORITE    PLAXTS. 


of  frost,  being  often  seen   piercing 
soil,  but  will   not  disdain  to  grow 
dice  to  the  strength  and  beauty  ol 
\  idcd  only  that  it  be  not  stagnant. 


'h   the 


te-lying  snow. 
c\  en  a  poor  one,  though  of 
eaf  and  Hower.'  The  more 
In  outdoor  growth  thev  niai 


like 


good,  rich 


The_ 

■ourse  with  some  preju- 
moisture  the  better,  pro- 
ly  be  left  undisturbed  for 
\ears;  and  such  anniurls  as  jSIignonettes,  Petunias  and  the  like,  may  be  sown  in  the  same 
lieds  while  the  Scillas  are  having  their  season  of  rest  throughout  the  whole  summer. 
They  are  self-propagating  by  the  outgrowth  of  their  tubers,  or  by  their  ripened  seeds,  if 
tiu-  soil  be  not  too  much  disturbed;  and  can  of  course  be  propagated  by  the  cultivator  in 
line  same  way.  The  effect  of  a  mass  of  their  flowers  blooming  in  the  early  spring  amidst 
the  belated  snow  is  picturesquely  beautiful;  they  will  bloom  all  the  earlier  for  having  been 
planted  in  some  quiet,  sheltered  nook.  'I'he  Inillis  can  be  taken  up  and  cared  for  as  in  the 
Crocus,  but  it  is  really  of  no  advantage,  as  thev  \\ill  take  care  of  themselves  and  do  better 


SK  I)  r  M . 


OMMOXLY  known  by  the  name  of  \\'all-]5e]5per,  or  Pepper-moss, 
the  Sedum  acre  is  a  low  -growing,  thick-lea\  ed  plant  of  the  Orpine 
family.  The  Sedum  Sieboldii  is  another  species  of  a  higher  growth, 
brought  from  Japan  by  the  eminent  traveler  and  Japanese  explorer. 
Dr.  P.  F.  Von  Siebold.  Both  are  favorite  rock  plants,  and  extensively 
cultivated  in  w  indow  s  as  a\  ell  as  for  rock  work,  being  of  a  hardy 
requiring  hut  little  care.  The  S.  acre  is  much  used  for  edgings  or 
and  withstands  the  frost  of  e\en  our  northern  latitudes.  Spreading 
dly  along  the  ground,  and  rising  to  a  height  of  from  one  to  two  inches,  it 
resembles  a  carpeting  of  moss,  but  surpasses  these  plants  in  bearing  a  very  con- 
siderable number  of  bright-yellow  flowers  during  the  season  of  bloom.  Some 
rocky,  barren  districts  in  Europe  are  rendered  quite  picturesque  by  the  large 
■  the  Sedum  that  grow  in  the  Assures  and  on  the  ledges.  The  S.  Sieboldii  is  a 
.  w  ell  as  a  larger  plant  than  the  S.  acre,  and  its  peculiar  growth  in  pot  culture  ren- 
ders it  a  more  universal  favorite.  Its  stems  gracefully  droop  over  the  edge  of  the  pot  to 
a  length  of  from  nine  to  fifteen  inches,  sending  out  a  cluster  of  three  roundish  leaves  at 
inter\als  about  an  inch  apart  along  the  whole  length,  and  producing  a  terminal  cluster  of 
greenish-white  flowers  to  each  stem.  There  are  some  varieties  v\  ith  \ery  prettily  varie- 
gated lca\  OS,  and  some  w  ith  the  leaves  alnicsl  entirely  w  bile  an.!  ha\  ing  a  purplish  fringe 

ent  an  appeaiance  of  wax  leaves. 
le  nil  n]aiiine,  li<|ui(l  or  otherwise. 
;  fill-  Iw.j  111  thrri-  nionths;  and 
1  length,  aflrr  the  manner  of  the 
.V  dixisicns  ,,r  the  old  plant.  A 
.r  large-leaved,  which  is  rapidly 
rallv    of    a    variegated    tolia-e,    it 


pretti 


ed-e 


nul  riesh 


Anvsandv 

s.iil  will  grow  the  Sedums  w 

The   S.   .SI 

■iH.l.lil  will  be  the  better  fo 

ran  be  pro 

)aL;aled   from  cuttings  of  ;di 

Cactus;   w 

lile  the  S.  acre  is  generally 

later  and    i 

lore    h;irdv  variety  is   the    S. 

nsnig    into 

favor.       Heiiig    easy  of   cult 

commends 

Itself  as  a  special  favorite  fo 

iph.V 


CULTIVATION  AND   ANALVSIS    OF  PLANTS. 


,^l0LF'S  FOOT  is  the  significance  of  the  name  Lycopodium,  the 
scientific  title  of  the  family  to  which  this  genus  Selaginella  belongs. 
The  faniil\  is  commonly  called  Club  Moss,  and  this  genus  West- 
^'  Intlia  Moss,  the  finest  specimens  having  been  imported  into  Europe 
■^fiom  those  legions.  Though  scientifically  ranked  with  the  Mosses, 
they  are  in  reality  a  sort  of  intervening  group  or  connecting  link  between 
the  Mosies  and  the  Ferns.  Many  of  the  species  rise  to  no  inconsiderable 
'  ;ht  .iiul  look  much  more  like  Ferns  than  mosses;  ranging  all  the  way  from 
ail  inch  to  two  feet.  The  S.  deusa,  which  is  among  the  low-growing  species, 
forms  a  dense  mass  of  minute  Fern-like  foliage  resembling  a  thickly-wooded 
forest  in  miniature.  There  are  at  least  twenty  species  in  common  indoor  culti- 
vation, and  easy  to  be  procured  from  the  florists.  The  chief  use  made  of  the 
Selaginellas  is  in  Wardian  cases,  or  as  forming  a  pleasant  topping  for  hanging-baskets, 
boxes  and  the  like.  They  delight  in  abundant  moisture  and  a  high  temperature,  and  will 
grow  well  in  a  common  sitting-room  in  some  shady  nook,  where  the  atmosphere  is  gen- 
ally  still  and  moist.  They  are  propagated  by  cuttings  or  divisions,  but  more  easily  by  the 
latter  method.  One  part  chopped  moss,  one  peat-earth,  and  one  sandy  loam,  with  a  few 
pieces  of  charcoal,  will  form  an  excellent  compost  for  their  growth.  They  are  easily  kept 
green  all  the  year  round  by  a  little  extra  attention  in  the  matter  of  watering. 


SMILJlX. 

ARELY  has  any  climbing  vine  taken  such  hold  of  the  popular  heart 
for  decorative  purposes  as  has  this  delicate,  twining,  bright-leaved 
beauty.  Thousands  of  yards  are  used  every  year  for  decorations  on 
all  occasions,  both  joyous  and  sad.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  and  constitutes  an  independent  order  of  plants  nearly 
allied  to  the  Lilies.  The  root  is  formed  by  numerous  tubers  united 
v^n,  from  which  the  vines  spring.  A  fertile  sandy  soil  is  the  best 
or  its  culture,  and  while  in  an  active  or  growing  state  it  should  have 
supply  of  water,  which  might  be  occasionally  interchanged  with 
nure.  The  vine  itself  resembles  a  fine  cord  following  a  zig-zag  course 
illow  herring-bone  stitch,  at  each  angle  or  joint  of  which  there  is 
a  glossy  leaf  of  oval  shape,  with  veins  running  lengthwise,  the  effect  of  which  is 
to  give  it  a  rather  unique  appearance.  After  it  has  started,  small  twine  must  be 
supplied  for  a  support,  except  it  be  left  to  fall  as  it  pleases.  The  flowers,  which  in  this 
plant  are  a  secondary  consideration,  are  a  greenish-white,  and  fragrant.  The  vines  are 
used  in  making  floral  arches  in  the  house,  or  in  the  garden  in  a  sheltered  nook,  for  forming 
festoons  and  wreathing  around  baskets.     They  are  propagated  by  division  of  the  roots 

3S4 


r 


CUI.TIRE    OF   FAVORITE    PLANTS. 


and  from  seeds.  For  parlor  culture  it  is  best  to  secure  good,  healthy  plants  that  are  just 
about  to  start  into  leaf;  as,  if  too  far  advanced  in  growth  when  removed,  they  are  ver}- 
liable  to  suffer  from  the  change  of  situation  unless  in  the  hands  of  some  one  thoroughly 
skilled  in  their  management.  They  are  much  helped  by  a  daily  syringing  of  the  leaves, 
<ir,  if  inaccessible,  the  free  use  of  a  feather  duster  is  a  partial  substitute.  When  raising 
the  Smilax  from  the  seed,  the  amateur  must  wait  at  least  two  years  for  his  plant,  though 
skilled  cultivators  have  developed  it  in  one  year.  The  time  for  planting  is  in  October, 
though  greenhouse-men  manage  to  keep  two  sets  —  one  for  summer  and  one  for  winter 
growth,  planting  a  second  time  in  midwinter.  It  does  not  require  a  \ery  sunnv  place, 
and  when  at  rest  should  have  but  little  water  until  the  vines  begin  to  start.  It  needs 
frequent  syringings  to  repel  the  red  spider,  its  most  formidable  and  destructive  enemy. 


4^f3 


.S  T  E  FHA^  2\^C)  T  T  S. 

ADAGASC AR  is  the  native  home  of  the  Stephanotis  floribunda, 
a  lovely  plant  of  the  Milkweed  family.  It  is  called  Stephanotis 
fiom  two  Greek  words  denoting  crown  and  ear,  because  of  the 
lesemblance  in  the  shape  of  the  anther,  the  crown  of  the  stamen, 
to  the  human  ear;  and  floribunda,  from  the  wealth  of  its  bloom. 
^  Most  of  the  Milkweed  family  are  not  climbers,  but  the  Stephanotis, 

the  Hoya  and  some  others,  are  exceptions.  The  flowers  are  from 
one  to  two  inches  long,  with  a  waxen,  pearly  appearance,  and  grow  in  clusters 
around  the  stems  of  the  axils,  and  being  also  very  fragrant  and  of  rather  a 
J  handsome  shape,  they  are  of  course  much  used  for  bouquets  and  floral  decora- 
tions. The  leaves  are  thick,  fleshy  and  waxy,  with  a  dark-green  midrib,  and 
are  themselves  a  source  of  much  beauty.  The  Stephanotis,  though  commonly 
ranked  with  hothouse  plants,  is  easily  cultivated  in  a  parlor,  and  will  flourish  well  through- 
out the  winter  if  kept  clean,  supplied  with  liquid  manure  and  tepid  rainwater,  and  kept 
in  an  atmosphere  not  less  than  sixty-five  degrees.  About  the  beginning  of  summec  it 
should  be  moved  outdoors  and  placed,  with  or  without  its  pot,  in  some  partially-shaded 
bed  or  border,  to  enjoy  a  needed  rest,  and  be  moved  back  late  in  August  or  early  in  Sep- 
tember to  where  it  is  designed  to  bloom.  It  can  be  propagated  from  leaves  in  the  manner 
described  under  Hoyas,  the  stem  end  being  inserted  in  sand  to  the  depth  of  about  half  an 
inch.  The  plants  of  this  genus  are  subject  to  scales  and  what  are  called  cotton-bugs, 
which  should  be  v\'iped  off  with  a  sponge  in  open  places,  and  rubbed  off  with  a  half-worn 
tooth  brush  in  the  axils;  but  the  regular  syringing  will  ordinarily  prevent  their  appear- 
ance. Although  natives  of  a  hot  climate,  they  are  liable  to  be  scorched  b}'  intense  heat 
through  glass,  and  hence  should  be  withdrawn  from  the  glare  of  the  sun.  Perhaps, 
because  being  by  nature  dingers  to  something  larger  than  themselves,  a  protecting 
shadow  has  become  indispensable.  The  soil  used  is  common  peat  earth,  with  a  slight 
admixture  of  manure  and  sand  to  insure  the  necessary  freedom  from  stagnant  moisture. 


"^^B 


■VL'rn'ATiox 


r ' 


IRE-POKER  plant  i.^  the  familiar  name  ot'  what  is  scientitically 
known  as  the  Tritoma  uvaria.  Tiitoma  signilies  thrice-cut,  in  the 
lST~jf  V*  original  Greek,  and  is  supposed  to  represent  the  three  sharp  edges  ot" 
the  leaf,  namely,  the  two  margins  and  the  keel ;  and  uvaria,  from  the 
Latin,  denotes  the  not  very  close  resemblance  of  its  raceme  of  flowers 
I'lj-  to  a  bunch  of  grapes.  At  a  distance,  the  spike-like  raceme  looks  more 
ike  a  red-hot  poker  (whence  its  very  expressive  nickname),  and,  with  its 
ipporting  stalk  rises  to  a  height  of  from  two  to  four  feet,  nearly  one-half  being 
covered  with  the  bloom.  The  flowers  at  their  first  appearance  are  a  bright  red, 
and  change  through  all  the  shades  of  that  color  down  to  a  light  yellow,  in  which 
they  continue  the  best  part  of  the  season.  They  are  conspicuous  at  quite  a  dis- 
tance, and  never  fail  to  attract  attention  by  their  peculiar  manner  of  growth;  near  at  hand 
they  are  no  less  striking  by  the  oftensiveness  of  their  smell.  The  leaves,  unlike  those  of 
most  of  the  other  Liliaceous  plants,  are  narrow  and  grass-like,  looking  very  much  like  a 
large  tuft  of  dark-green  pampas-grass;  but  they  make  up  in  numbers  for  what  they  lack 
in  width.  The  Tritomas  are  often  set  out  as  ornamental  plants  in  landscapes,  lawns  and 
gardens;  but  are  scarcely  ever  introduced  into  the  parlor  or  displayed  in  the  window. 
This  is  another  of  those  Cape  of  Good  Hope  buUis  that  contribute  so  largely  to  the 
diversification  of  our  Flora;  and  by  its  hardy  habit  is  easily  cared  for  even  in  our  colder 
northern  latitudes.  Placed  in  a  box,  with  a  slight  covering  of  earth  to  protect  the  roots, 
and  an  equally  light  covering  of  hay  or  straw  for  the  head,  it  will  vur\  i\(.-  any  ordinary 
winter  in  a  common  cellar;  and  can  be  again  planted  early  in  spring  as  socm  as  all  danger 
of  the  heavier  frosts  has  disappeared.  The  Tritoma  will  flourish  with  the  same  soil  and 
treatment  as  other  Liliaceous  plants;  and  may  be  propagated  in  the  manner  described 
under  the  head  "  Lily." 


^' 


TROP^OLZ-M. 


^^ASTURTIUM,  from   the   Latin,   meaning  nose-twisted,  is  perhaps 
a  more  significant  name  for  this  genus  of  plants  than  the  one  given 
^\v  '-.'^    it    in    science.     It  was  probably  intended   to  express  by  that  word 
V5Ap^a\i^  '     the  pungent  odor;  while  the  scientific  name  Tropffiolum,  from   the 
v"^-^  ^'^^  Greek  tropceon,  a   trophy,  seems    to  have  no   special    application, 

xWi\  ^^  unless  it  be  because  of  the  shield-like  shape  of  the  leaves;  and 
perhaps  an  observable,  though  not  very  striking,  resemblance  between  the 
flower  and  an  inverted  helmet.  In  ancient  Greece,  trophies  raised  on  the  field 
of  battle  were  composed  largely  of  captured  shields  and  helmets.  It  is  nick- 
named Indian  Cress  on  account  of  its  sharp,  pungent  taste  and  its  occasional 
use  as  a  salad.  The  beauty  of  the  flowers  and  leaves  make  it  an  excellent 
adornment  for  fences  and  rock  work,  while  the  fresh  leaves  may  be  used  as  a  table  vege- 
table, possessing  marked  anti-scorbutic  properties.     The  T.  Lobbianum,  so  called  after  Mr. 

3S6 


±\ 


r 


CVLTVRE    OF  FAVORITE   PLAXTS. 


Lobb,  a  distinguished  English  collector,  and  the  T.  peregrinum,  named  from  its  ram- 
bling propensities,  are  perhaps  the  choicest  and  most  popular  species  for  conservatory,  par- 
lor or  window  culture.  In  greenhouses  they  are  grown  abundantly,  being  trained  along 
the  rafters,  where  their  brilliant  blossoms  illuminate  the  whole  house,  giving  an  abundant 
supply  of  floral  gems  for  bouquets  and  decorative  purposes.  The  Tom  Thumb  or  dwarf 
bushy  species  are  perhaps  the  best  for  hanging-baskets.  The  varieties  in  color  are  quite 
numerous,  and  the  velvety  texture  of  the  flowers  is  charming,  while  the  odor  somewhat 
resembles  the  aromatic  Cinnamon.  When  grown  in  quantities  the  seeds  are  gathered  for 
pickles,  and  are  used  the  same  as  capers.  There  are  several  very  delicate  tuberous  varie- 
ties, differing  in  blossom  fiom  the  ordinary  kind,  and  only  retaining  their  foliage  a  part 
of  the  year.  They  are  adapted  to  pot  culture,  and  bloom  during  April  and  May,  after- 
ward requiring  plenty  of  sun  or  heat  to  ripen  the  roots;  as  the  vines  begin  to  die  away, 
water  should  be  gradually  withheld.  The  pots  should  be  turned  on  their  sides,  and  kept 
dry  until  autumn,  when  they  begin  to  start  vines  again.  Among  the  choice  species  are 
the  Trop^olum  azureum,  with  an  azure-colored  flower;  T.  Jarrattii,  yellow  and  scarlet, 
blooming  abundantly;  T.  speciosum,  scarlet;  T.  tricolorum,  scarlet,  yellow  and  black; 
and  several  others.  All  the  Tropaeolums,  to  grow  well,  must  have  plenty  of  moisture,  a 
soil  rather  poor  than  otherwise,  and  frequent  sprinklings  to  keep  off"  the  red  spider. 


TJ7BER  OSE. 


tfli 


XDER  this  name  is  included  a  genus  of  herbaceous  plants  not  at 

■l  "  all  allied  to  the  Roses,  as  is  often  supposed   merely  because  of  the 

identity  of  the  final  syllable.     The  name  really  springs  from  the 

tuberous  character  of  the  roots;  and  the  scientific  name,  Polianthus, 

Is    also    rather    confusing,    as    it    lacks    distinctive    expression,    meaning 

City-flower.'    It  belongs  to  the  Amaryllis  family,  and  is  chiefly  cultivated 

for  its  fragrant  flowers,  which  are  of  a  pale  sulphury-white  color.     The 

tubers  of  this  odoriferous  plant  may  be  kept  dormant  for  a  long  time  in  any 

dry,  airy,  cool  place,  but  must  be  protected  from  frost.     For  earlj'  blooming 

they  can  be  planted  from  January  to  March  indoors;  for  later  growth,  at  any 

time  until  June.     Whenever  the  tubers  show  signs  of  growth,  they  should  be 

planted  at  once  in  pot,  box  or  bed  where  they  are  to  bloom.     Of  course  it  will  be 

necessary  in  winter  to  give  them  shelter  in  conservatory,  greenhouse  or  elsewhere,  with 

plenty  of  warmth  and  light.     Neither  as  tuber  or  plant  can  they  be  touched  by  frost  with 

impunity.     In  planting,  as  in  all  similar  cases,  the  small  tubers  are  best  taken  off"  and  set 

in  separate  places.     These  will  bloom  in  about  two  years  if  not  neglected.     A  rich,  loamy 

soil  having  been  provided,  a  few  pieces  of  broken  crockery  are  placed  over  the  hole  of  a 

six-inch  pot,  with  the  addition  of  a  little  moss  if  at  hand,  and  the  earth  filled  in  to  within 

about  half  an  inch  of  the  top,  so  as  to  cover  the  tuber  about  two  thirds  of  its  own  length. 

When  all  danger  of  frost  is  over,  they  can  be  turned  out  of  their  pots  into  the  border,  or 

with  them  placed  in  the  soil,  to  be  brought  into  the  house  later  if  desired,  when  in  bloom. 

^fe' — '■ ^^^ 


I 


Ci'LT/\A77<>\  A.\J)   A.\AL)\S/S    OF   PAAXTS. 


When  the  stalks  begin  to  run  up,  stakes  or  rods  should  be  driven  into  the  ground  near 
them,  and  the  plants  secured  against  the  wind.  In  or  out  of  doors  they  require  an  average 
heat  of  about  sixty  degrees,  and  should  therefore  be  housed  early  enough  not  to  be  touched 
with  frost.  In  their  season  of  rest  the  temperature  may  be  reduced  to  forty,  but  thfcy  are 
all  the  better  for  fifty  degrees  of  heat  and  no  stagnant  moisture.  Being  evergreen  in  the 
native  state,  it  is  conjectured  by  some  that  the  Tuberose  could  be  sufficiently  rested  with- 
out allowing  its  k-a\cs  to  die;  :ni(l  miuiu  Horists  ha\  e  tiieni  in  flower  nearly  all  the  year 
round. 


hen    then-   cultn  ation    tan-ly 

.■   enjoyed   the   distinction  of 

le  endeavoi-  to  piocure  some 

ar   in   the   past,  will    return   to 

entirely  lose  tlieir  popularity. 

s   the   grasses   begin   to  clothe 

iroad    much    more  than   in  tliis 

re   as  there.      There  are  special 

f  Europe  every  year,  which  cir- 

their  cultivation,  and   is  itself  a 

u\as   tents    for  their  Tulip  beds, 

stoi-m.  and  in  many  ways  mani- 

)\\  -tlowers  are  known  under  the 

The  latter  are  often  watcheil 

of  the  otlier  tlivisious.      If 

the  event  transpires  faMiralilx  ,  and  a  remarkahh  iniii|ue  specimen  is  |)i(iduced.  it  is  seldom 

sold  for  less  than  one  hinidird  (lollais. 

Tulips  will  grow  in  almost  any  soil  unless  there  is  too  much  moisture.  The  bulbs 
should  be  planted  about  six  inches  apart  and  covered  up  to  the  depth  of  four  inches.  The 
best  season  for  planting  is  in  October.  .\s  a  protection  against  severe  frost,  a  layer  of 
leaves  about  six  inches  deep,  with  a  foot  of  stable  manure  added,  will  be  effective.  This 
covering  should  of  course  be  removed  early  in  spring.  In  planting,  the  usual  underlying 
handful  of  sand  will  be  found,  as  a  protection  against  rot,  as  ser\iceable  to  Tulip  bulbs  as 
to  any  others.     AtUr  the  flowers  and  leaves  have  d\vd  down,  the  Imlbs  sh.iuld  be  taken  up 

in  cultivation,  viz.:  the  Dutch,  or  Van  Thol,  the  Oriental,  and  the  Parrot.  To  secure  a 
pleasing  continuity  of  flowers,  the  readiest  methotl  is  to  set  bulbs  of  each  of  these.  The 
Van  Thols  bloom  in  March  and  April,  the  Parrots  later,  and  the  Orientals  last,  terminat- 
ing with  June.  The  \'an  Thols  or  Dwarf  Tulips  are  usually  planted  for  window  or 
greenhouse  cultuie;  the  others  aie  not  so  well  adapted  to  such  pm-poses. 

3SS 
^1^- 


CULTURE    OF  FAVORITE   PI.AXTS. 


S»r^A 


^^JiJRBEN'A 


?ERBENA  is  a  HowcT  to  which  \vc-  arc  perhaps  more  indebted  for 
the  gaiety  of  our  gardens  than  to  any  other;  and  is  a  simple,  procuni- 
■nt  plant  from  Buenos  Ayres.  For  large  beds  nothing  can  equal 
it,  as  with  judicious  training  a  few  plants  can  be  made  to  cover  con- 
siderable surface.  The  beds  appear  to  the  best  advantage  when  cut 
<iirectly  in  the  lawn  or  grass,  as  the  surrounding  green  heightens  the 
effect  of  the  brilliant  colors  by  the  strong' contrast.  Although  the 
will  L;rnw  in  almost  any  soil,  lo  tiiiixe  well  it  should  have  that  most 
t,  which  is  aliout  t\\  o  pai'ts  loam,  the  same  quantity  of  leaf-mold 
•o,  and  one  part  good  sand.  Having  sci-urcd  plants  of  such  colors  as 
harmonize  well,  let  there  be  made  a  ca\  it\  ihc  si/c  of  the  pot  they  are  in, 
the  ball  be  placed  within  it,  and  the  soil  pressed  close  around,  the  plants  being 
arranged  two  feet  apart  each  way.  The  branches  are  then  to  be  laid  entirely  flat  to  the 
ground,  and  pinned  down,  so  that  they  will  root  at  the  joints,  for  which  purpose  broom- 
splints  doubled,  forked  sticks,  or,  what  would  be  still  better,  the  common  wire  hairpin, 
could  lie  used,  tliis  treatment  to  he  continued  as  long  as  the  branches  extend  themselves. 
It  would  be  an  aihantage  to  pinch  oft"  the  early  buds  until  the  plants  are  well  established, 
the  future  bloom  being  sufficient  compensation.  Watering  freely  at  first,  secures  good 
leafage,  which  aflfords  much  protection  in  case  of  drouth.  .Seedlings,  although  they  can  lie 
started  in  the  open  air  with  ease,  give  earlier  bloom  if  sown  in  a  box  in  the  house  or  hotbed. 
These  plants  are  also  most  excellent  for  window  boxes  and  verandas  having  a  sunny 
exposure.  In  pot  culture,  for  success,  they  must  be  kept  in  a  growing  state  continually  to 
insure  health  and  thrift.  Cuttings  rnake  better  plants  than  the  old  ones,  and  should  coni- 
])rise  about  three  joints  of  the  young  growth.  They  can  be  rooted  in  wet  sand,  and  even 
in  water;  in  either  ease  they  should   be  potted  as  soon  as  rooting  is  assured. 


^^  TO  I.  JET. 


\R{IELY  used  for  bouquets  and  floral  decorations,  Violets,  as  distin- 
giMshed  from  the  favorite  species  called  Pansy  (already  spoken  of), 
ni.    generally  cultivated  in  four  or  five  varieties,  such  as  the  Neapoli- 
tan or  Italian,  the   English,  the  Russian,  etc.,  and  are  highly  valued 
h\   florists  for  winter  decorations.     For  window  culture  they  are  best 
giown  in  a  box,  though  with  extra  attention  in  the  way  of  water  and 
niliness  they  will  grow  well   in  pots.     They  all   require  a  rich,  sandy  loam, 
and  a  shad\  situation.     In  moist  climates  they  are  much  used  in  borders  or  for 
the  edgmgs  of  walks.     The  flowers  are  small  and  simple,  and  not  at  all  to  be 
compnied  with  the  Pansy,  though  they  have  a  very  fine  odor  of  their  own, 
which  makes  them  verv  acceptable  in  the  absence  of  that  transcendent  favorite, 
irlv  summer  the   plants,  which   grow  in   lunichcs,  should   be  set  out,  about  a  foot 

Jl :.^ 


CULTIVATION  AXD   AXALVSIS   OF  PLANTS. 


apart,  in  some  quiet,  sheltered  place,  the  weeds  and  grass  kept  well  subdued,  and  a  lib- 
eral supply  of  water  given  when  required.  It  will  be  of  great  advantage  to  mulch  them 
with  leaf-mold,  sawdust  or  manure,  according  to  circumstances,  filling  up  the  interstices 
between  the  plants,  and  completely  covering  the  soil  to  the  depth  of  two  or  three  inches. 
As  soon  as  frost  makes  its  appearance,  frames  should  be  set  over  the  beds  and  covered 
with  glazed  sashes,  and  in  cold  latitudes  these  frames  should  be  banked  with  stable 
manure.  In  extremely  cold  weather  the  sashes  will  require  to  be  covered  with  mats  or 
shutters,  which  should  be  made  close-fitting  and  weatherproof.  Thus  protected,  they  will 
bloom  early  in  spring,  otherwise  the  flowers  will  come  later,  or  not  at  all.  The  extia 
labor  and  expense  will  be  recompensed  by  the  earlier  flowering  of  these  plants;  and  the 
frames,  sashes,  mats  and  shutters  can  be  used  for  many  other  less  hardy  plants  after  having 
done  service  for  the  Violets.  In  warm  climates  these  precautions  are  of  course  unneces- 
sary, as  there  they  will  bloom  all  the  year  round  if  desired.  Indoors,  the  flowers  begin 
to  appear  in  autumn,  and  continue  to  bloom  through  the  winter  and  spring. 


IL 


\NDSOME,  hardy  and  accommodating,  the  Weigela,  so  called  in 
lienor  of  the  German  botanist,  Weigel,  is  a  desirable  shrub  of  the 
Bignonia  family.  The  original  species,  introduced  from  China, .was 
designated  W.  rosea,  because  of  its  rose-colored  flowers.  It  is  one 
of  the  prettiest  of  the  shrubs  that  have,  through  the  zeal  of  collectors 
w  ithni  the  last  fifty  years,  been  made  to  enrich  the  Flora  of  Europe  and 
^  America.  The  large,  trumpet-shaped  flowers,  appearing  generally  in 
jpiS^T^  p.uis  at  the  axils  on  almost  every  stem,  add  much  to  the  beauty  of  the  plants, 
'  ^\f^  while  the  foliage  admirably  supports  by  its  density  and  abundance  the  graceful 
effect.  One  new  variety,  called  the  W.  variegata,  will  often  have  some  leaves 
entirely  white,  others  green,  and  still  others  mixed,  all  in  the  same  plant. 
Another  variety,  the  W.  amabilis,  will  flower  from  May  to  October,  surpass- 
riegata  and  rosea,  whose  blooming  is  confined  to  the  earlier  months.  May  and 
June;  it  also  is  superior  to  them  in  size  of  leaf.  Small  specimens  of  any  of  the  Weigelas 
may  be  grown  in  the  parlor,  and  being  hardier  than  most  house  plants,  are  easily  taken 
care  of.  They  should  have  a  season  of  rest,  by  withholding  water,  for  one  or  two  months 
in  the  early  fall,  to  ripen  their  wood  before  being  transferred  to  the  house  for  winter 
blooming.  The  same  course  can  be  adopted  to  advantage  with  those  which  are  to  be 
left  out  all  winter,  for  if  watered  freely  to  the  close  of  the  season,  the  frost  would  find 
many  green  shoots,  through  which  it  would  seriously  damage  the  whole  plant.  Being 
hearty  feeders,  they  luxuriate  in  abundance  of  rich,  liquid  manure  during  the  flowering 
season,  in  or  out  of  doors;  and  the  soil  in  which  they  grow  can  scarcely  be  made  too  rich. 
During  hot,  dry  weather,  they  demand  a  free  use  of  the  watering  pot.  They  can  be  best 
propagated  by  layering  or  side-shoots;  by  cuttings,  also,  if  taken  whi 
recn,  but  these  require  to  be  carefully  watered  and  protected 
390 


the 


fresh  and 


the  shoots  are 
om  the  winds. 


<^i 


Jlpglprtpb  {IBpflufips. 


k 


ECHANICAL  imitation  of  our  predecessors  in  tlie  choice 
and  culture  of  favorite  plants,  for  the  most  part  borrowed 
from  abroad,  is  not  worthy  of  our  age  or  country.  Powers 
of  independent  observation  should  be  cultivated  by  amateur 
culturists,  as  nothing  contributes  so  much  to  their  enjo}-- 
ment  as  what  they  disco\er  for  themselves.  More  espe- 
cially is  this  applicable  to  the  study  of  indigenous  plants, 
so  frequently  neglected  by  persons  who  pride  themselves 
upon  their  knowledge  of  the  common  exotics.  Every 
climate  is  esjDecially  adapted  to  the  growth  of  certain  kinds 
Z6  ^ij^SHSfP-     °^    plants,  which  propagate  themselves   naturally   in   their 

-d{     (^  I^^^^SIkn.     proper  habitat,  with  little  or  no  effort  or  labor  on  the  part  of 

the  cultivator.  A  knowledge  of  these  circumstances  will 
.ndtr  easv  the  covering  up  of  blemishes  in  the  landsciipe,  or  unsightly 
\  f/^  ^  pitches  in  a  yard,  lawn  or  garden.  It  is  a  fact  not  creditable  to  our  exercise 
-f  ff ""  *=^  of  mdependent  judgment  or  natural  taste,  that  very  many  of  the  native  Ameri- 
\  can  ^^  ild  flowers  find  a  cordial  welcome  in  the  gardens  of  the  European 
aiistociacy,  while  denied  the  smallest  attention  in  their  own  home,  republican 
Ameiica.  This  is  entirely  wrong,  as  many  desolate-looking  homesteads  could 
be  made  quite  cheerful  by  the  presence  of  these  neglected  beauties.  With 
\ei\  little  trouble,  expense  or  attention,  these  wild  flowers  could  in  man)' 
'  ^J'  instances  be  made  to  rival  or  eclipse  the  imported  favorites.  Many  species 
of  ^vlld  intn  e  shiubs  and  plants  are  being  pushed  out  of  existence  by  the  agricultural 
needs  or  heedless  unconcern  of  our  advancing  civilization,  and  like  their  human  anti- 
types and  cotemporaries,  the  Indians,  bid  fair  to  be  entirely  overwhelmed  and  rooted 
out,  before  many  generations,  if  not  rescued  by  timely  interference.  Possessing  an  indige- 
nous Flora  of  great  intrinsic  beaut}-,  no  specimen  that  survives  former  neglect  should 
be  allowed  to  perish  bv  the  more  enlightened  flower-lovers  of  today.  Nor  should  this 
work  of  preservation  be  left  to  directors  of  botanical  gardens,  professional  florists  and 
enterprising  seedsmen;  but  all  lo\ers  of  their  country  who  cherish  a  friendly  interest  for 
plants  should  labor  in  this  neglected  vineyard,  assured  of  a  pleasant,  if  not  an  enriching, 
reward.     Wild  flowers  are  nature's   jewels  in  emerald  settings. 


CCLTIVATruX  A.XV    AA'ALTSIS    OF  PLANTS. 


CHOICE  NATIVE  WILD  FLOWERS. 

Among  the  most  widely-spread  and  attractive  of  native  wild  Howeis  are  tlie  tbllowin<i, 
selected  from  an  almost  innumerable  multitiuie  of  like  beauties. 

Anemone  neiuorosa,  or  Wind-flower  of  the  Woods,  is  a  pretty,  low-growing  plant,  adapted  to  any 
shady  border  or  neglected  corner  in  a  garden,  or  where  most  other  plants  will  refuse  to  grow.  It  is  an 
early  bloomer,  shooting  up  its  pinkish-white  flower  before  the  frost  is  fairly  out  of  the  ground.  There 
are  six  species  of  the  Anemone  indigenous  to  the  United  .States,  and  some  imported  ones  are  also  culti- 
vated.    (See  A.  coronaria,  p.  i8.) 

Uyularia,  or  Bellwort,  is  one  of  the  prettie>t  of  tlie  native  Lilies,  and  blooms  about  as  early  as  the 
Anemone.  It  comprises  four  well-known  s]uiiv-,  \  i/,. :  t".  yraiuliflora,  U.  perfoliata,  U.  sessiliflora  and 
U.  flava,  any  of  which  is  worthy  of  a  ]ihKe  in  llic  clioiixst  iiKloor  or  outdoor  collection. 

ErythrOIliuiU,  or  Dogtooth  Mokt — which,  by  the  way,  is  not  a  Violet,  but  a  Lily — is  also  a  very 
pretty  low-growing  wild  flower,  which  blooms  about  the  same  time  as  the  foregoing;  it  has  blotclicd 
leaves,  and  its  lily-like  flowers  gracefully  droop  and  recurve  their  petals,  as  in  the  Fuchsia,  bi;t  in  open 
sunlight  become  wheel-shaped.  There  are  four  species  of  this  plant  which  are  indigenous  in  our  Aniei- 
ican  woods,  all  pretty,  and  destined  to  become  general  fa\ orites  for  parlor  or  garden,  as  they  already  aie 
in  Europe. 

Dodecatheon  Meadia,  or  Shooting  Star  —  sometimes  called  the  American  Cowslip,  and  not  unfre- 
qiiently  in  Illinois  the  Prairie  Pointer  —  is  one  of  our  neglected  prairie-flowers  worthy  of  a  better  fate. 
Floweiing  quite  early,  and  needing  but  a  damp  place  in  any  common  soil  in  or  out  of  doors,  it  fully 
equals  the  Cyclamen  in  the  color,  form  and  fragrance  of  its  blossoms. 

Tradescantia  Virginiea,  or  Spiderwort,  is  already  described  (p.  2S1),  to  which  may  be  .-idded  that  it 
will  flourish  with  little  attention,  in  any  soil,  in  or  out  of  doors,  requiring  only  plenty  of  sunlight  and 
water. 

Coreopsis,  or  Tickseed,  already  described  (p.  94),  is  as  easily  grow  n  as  any  of  the  foregoing  wild 
flowers,  but  requires  plenty  of  room  to  develop  its  best  specimens. 

Asclepias  tuberosa,  or  Butterfly  Weed  —  sometimes  called  Pleurisy  Root  —  is  a  very  fine  ornamental 
plant  that  grows  wild  on  most  sandy  or  gravely  soils  throughout  the  country,  awaiting  the  notice  of  flori- 
culturists. In  a  few  instances  it  has  been  transferred  to  gardens  with  good  effect,  and  will  no  doubt  one 
ilay  be  extensively  cultivated  in  and  out  of  doors,  as  its  perennial  roots,  besides  its  native  attractiveness, 
will  specially  recommend  it. 

Cassia  Chamsecrista,  literally  signifying  Dwarf-crested  Cassia,  is  familiarly  called  Partridge  Pea, 
because  of  an  alleged  partiality  of  the  partridge  for  its  seed.  When  not  in  flo\ver  it  so  closely  resembles 
the  Mimosa,  or  Sensitive  Plant,  as  to  be  sometimes  mistaken  for  it;  and  as  it  evinces  a  degree  of  sensi- 
tiveness, by  closing  on  the  approach  of  rain  or  night,  this'inistake  is  not  inexcusable.  But  thev  are  essen- 
tially different,  as  the  Cassia  has  a  very  bright,  showy,  large,  yellow  flower,  while  the  flower  of  the 
Mimosa  is  very  insignificant.  The  Cassia  has  already  been  introduced  into  the  seedsmen's  catalogues, 
and  is  of  course  forevermore  rescued  from  oblivion.  It  is  adapted  to  indoor  or  outdoor  purposes,  and 
those  who  have  experimented  with  it  prefer  to  raise  the  seedlings  under  glass. 

Liatris,  or  Blazing  Star  of  our  western  prairies,  is  a  very  fine,  showy  plant  for  outdoor  cultivation. 
There  are  at  least  ten  species  indigenous  to  the  United  States,  all  of  them  pretty,  desirable,  and  easily 
cultivated.     Their  bright,  purple-red  flower-spikes  constitute  their  chief  attraction. 

Gentiana  crinita,  or  Fringed  Gentian,  so  graphically  described  by  our  great  American  poet,  William 
Cullen  Bryant,  is  deserving  of  all  the  eflFort  and  expense  that  may  be  necessary  to  introduce  it  into  cultiva- 
tion. It  now  grows  naturally  in  moist,  sandv  places,  and  those  who  seek  to  cultivate  it  should  endeavor- 
to  prepare  similar  surroundings.  There  is  quite  a  number  of  other  species  of  the  Gentian,  all  of  them 
hardy,  interesting  and  worthy  of  attention.  Many  of  these  will  undoubtedly  prove  to  be  very  acceptable 
house  plants,  as  well  as  g.irden  ornaments,  at  no  very  distant  day. 

Asters,  or  Starworts,  are  a  numerous  family  of  extremely  pretty  plants,  there  being  no  less  than  sixty 

ive  American  species,  all  of  which  are  verv  .admirable  for  the  abundance  and  beauty  of  their  flowers.        | 

■ Li^_t'J 


^ 


NEGLECTED    BEACT/EH. 


M 
^i 


Sometimes  a  single  plant  will  attract  great  attention  on  account  of  the  dense  masses  of  tiowers  with  which 
it  is  covered.  The  most  common  and  perhaps  the  most  desirable  species  are  the  A,  multiflorus,  just 
alluded  to,  generally  abounding  in  white  flowers;  the  A.  grandiflorus,  where  the  flowers  are  somewhat 
larger  and  usually  purple,  with  a  yellow  eye;  and  the  A.  cyaneus,  with  lanceolate  leaves  and  large  blue 
flowers;  this  last  is  perhaps  the  handsomest  of  nil  the  Asters.  It  is  clear  that  these  plants  may  be  easily 
cultivated  here  in  their  native  habitat,  when  ^o  many  h:nc  been  (.■ulti\  atcd  in  Europe  as  exotics.  They 
will  grow  in  any  soil,  providing  it  is  artificially  di-  nalurally  kcjrt  nioi-t.  Some  species  grow  too  large  for 
indoor  culture,  but  the  smallest  plants  of  the  .\.  multirtoja  would  certainly  prove  very  delightful  house 
plants,  as  their  mild  fragrance,  abund:uit  bloom  and  comparative  indiliVrence  to  attention  could  not  fail  to 
give  satisfaction. 

The  wild  plants  here  selected  will  constitute  a  nice  collection  in  themselves,  and  have 
been  chosen  because  of  their  general  excellence,  and  also  becau.se  they  will  supply  a 
continuous  bloom,  in  about  the  order  in  which  they  ha\e  been  named,  from  early  spring 
until  early  frost.  But  time  antl  space  would  fail  us  to  enumerate  half  the  beautiful  wild 
plants  that  adorn  our  woods,  prairies,  movmtain  slopes  and  shaded  \  alle\  s,  and  the  little 
that  has  been  said  is  rather  by  way  of  suggestion  than  elaborate  treatment. 


^ 


'  j^  OR  house  decoration  nothing  is  finer  than  ;i  gootl  climher,  anil  the 
Ws^A.  ""'"^^''  o'^  varieties  that  can  be  grown  around  a  window  frame  or 
I^TTi  '  doorway,  over  a  mantelpiece,  or  to  entwine  a  picture,  is  so  great  that 
it  is  difficult  to  make  a  choice.  And  even  in  our  northern  latitudes 
anybody  who  is  rich  enough  to  afford  a  fire  during  the  night  may 
I  fy  indulge  in  a  choice  climbing  plant.  The  investment  of  a  few  cents  in  such 
seeds  will  furnish,  with  little  care,  a  beautiful  framework  of  foliage  and  flowers 
for  a  whole  winter.  The  wealthy  may  indulge  in  an  endless  variety  of  pretty 
climbers,  native  and  exotic,  but  every  one  may  have  one  or  more  of  the  native 
kinds,  which  scarcely  fall  behind  the  more  expensive  imported  beauties.  Some 
are  cultivated  for  the  richness  and  abundance  of  their  foliage,  which  is,  moreover, 
in  a  few  varieties,  remarkably  variegated;  others  for  their  curiously-shaped  flowers  — 
like  a  bell,  finger,  or  trumpet  —  which  are  also  often  strikingly'  marked  in  various  colors. 

There  is  a  pleasure  in  daily  watching  a  plant  climb,  creep,  or  twine  itself  around  the 
things  near  it.  The  rapid  growth  of  many  of  them  is  truly  wonderful,  some  making  no 
less  than  six  inches  in  a  single  day.  The  seeming  intelligence  with  which  they  appear  to 
feel  and  reach  out  for  supports  is  one  of  the  inost  striking  phenomena  of  plant  life.  The 
adjusted  proportion  with  which  they  push  out  a  flower  here  and  a  bunch  of  leaves  there, 
is  truly  artistic,  being  carried  on  under  the  guidance  of  that  greatest  of  all  artists,  Mother 
Nature. 

The  whole  collection  here  loosely  designated  Climbing  Plants,  may  more  properly  be 
divided  into  Climbing,  Twining,  Creeping  and  Trailing  Plants,  from  each  of  \\  hich 
classes  a  few  choice  examples  are  subjoined. 

393 


Sfe, 


CVI.riVATIOX  AXD   AXALVSIS    OF  PLAXTS. 


CLIMBERS. 
Climbers  proper  are  such  as  send  out  coiled  tendrils,  an  inch  or  more  in  length,  by 
which  thej-  lay  hold  of  either  projection  or  crevice,  to  sustain  themselves  as  they  climb. 
They,  however,  sometimes  dispense  with  these  tendrils  when  a  natural  support  for  the 
main  stems  has  been  already  attained;  as,  for  instance,  when  a  long  shoot  has  reached  the 
summit  of  a  house,  tree,  or  other  horizontal  or  nearly  horizontal  surface.  Among  them 
the  most  deservedly  popular  are  perhaps  the  following: 

Passiflora  Fordii. — Ford's  Passion-flower,  so  called  in  honor  of  a  celebrated  English  florist  of  that 
name,  is  one  of  the  prettiest  and  every  way  most  desirable  of  the  true  climbers,  being  larger  than  the 
older  type,  P.  coerulea  (p.  233),  and  more  easily  cultivated.  It  is  preeminently  a  parlor  plant,  surpassing 
anything  of  the  kind  that  has  been  introduced  for  years;  it -w-ill,  however,  like  most  climbers,  do  well 
outdoors  from  early  summer  until  frost.  The  very  remarkable  shape  and  appearance  of  the  blossom, 
from  which  the  generic  name  Passion-flower  is  derived,  is  still  more  conspicuously  beautiful  and  well- 
marked  in  this  variety,  which  has  most  probably  been  hybridized  from  the  old  P.  coerulea  and  the  later  P. 
trifasciata. 

Clematis  virgilliaiia.  The  common  Wild  Virgin's  Bower  is  known  scientifically  by  this  name,  and 
it  is  among  the  finest  of  outdoor  climbers,  being  well  adapted  to  conceal  unsightly  objects  in  a  lawn,  yard 
or  garden.  (See  "Deformities  Concealed,"  page  333.)  It  is  covered  with  large  clusters  of  white  flowers 
in  July  and  August,  which  are  followed  by  a  crop  of  the  large,  plumose,  grayish  tufts  that  envelop  tlie 
seeds,  making  the  plant  appear  as  if  short  wool-clippings  had  been  spread  all  over  it,  thus  constituting 
a  very  singular  object  in  a  collection. 

Clematis  Sieboldii,  originating  in  Japan  and  introduced  thence  by  the  well-known  traveler  whose 
name  it  bears,  has  very  large  blossoms  of  an  azurc-lilue  color,  not  unlike  those  of  the  Passion-flower.  It 
is  a  rapid  grower,  and  flowers  constantly  indoors,  and,  in  tropical  climates,  out  of  doors. 

Clematis  Jackmanni,  so  called  fi-om  a  florist  of  that  name,  is  a  hybrid  from  the  C.  Sieboldii  and 
some  other  species  of  Clematis.  It  has  a  very  large  flower  of  a  purplish-blue  color,  often  fi\e  or  six 
inches  in  width.  The  flowers  have  unusually  long  footstalks;  hence  they  stand  away  from  the  stems 
and  leaves,  giving  the  plant  quite  a  graceful  and  unique  appearance. 

Clematis  John  Gonld  Veitch,  or  '•  Double  Blue  Clematis,"  is  perhaps  the  climax  of  beauty  and 
grace  in  the  Clematis  tribe.  The  flowers  are  not  only  double  and  of  a  fine  azurehlue,  but  they  last 
longer  than  the  others,  often  remaining  for  several  weeks;  and  a  well-grown  plant  sometimes  gives  the 
appearance  of  a  string  of  blue  balls,  reaching  from  the  base  to  the  summit. 

There  are  perhaps  not  less  than  forty  other  species  or  varieties  of  the  beautiful  Clem- 
atises, all  in  cultivation,  which  may  be  procured  from  any  first-class  florist. 

Cobaea  SCandens,  or  Climbing  Cobjea,  is  an  extremely  handsome  climbing  plant,  with  large,  pinnate 
leaves,  producing  a  dark-purple  flower  not  unlike  that  of  the  Foxglove  in  shape,  and  blooms  ail  summer 
out  of  doors.  Indoois  it  will  bloom  throughout  the  winter.  There  is  a  variegated  sort  which  has  the 
added  attraction  of  \arying  colors  in  the  leafage,  sometimes  the  leaflets  on  one  leafstalk  being  entirely 
white,  while  those  on  the  next  will  be  the  usual  green. 

EccremocarpilS  scaber,  literally  Rough  Hanging-fruit,  is  a  very  beautiful  climber;  its  leaves  resem- 
ble some  of  the  Ferns  or  the  Meadow  Rue,  and  it  has  a  flower  which  is  a  dull  red  on  the  top,-and  a  light 
yellow  at  the  bottom.     The  plant  grows  rapidly  in  a  warm  atinosphere,  in  or  our  of  doors. 

Cucnrbitacese,  or  Gourd  Family,  comprise  many  beautiful  climbers  (see  Lagenaria  vulgaris,  p.  147: 
Echinocystis  lobata,  p.  333).  They  are  hisjlily  ornamental  both  in  fruit  and  foli.age,  and  admirably  adapted 
to  hiding  unsightly  places. 

TWINERS. 

Under  this  term  are  inchided  such  plants  as  do  not  shoot  out  tendrils  like  the  climbers 
proper,  hut  wuid  or  twine  their  stems  or  leaves  arounil  supports  as  they  motnit  upward. 

.394 


Ipomcea,  or  Morning  Glory,  is  perhaps  the  best  known  of  twining  plants,  and  is  entirely  worthy  of 
its  great  popularity.  Its  habit  of  growth  is  very  peculiar:  At  first  it  sends  forth  two  curiously -shaped 
seed-leaves,  quite  different  from  the  aftergrowth.  Between  these  two  leaves  springs  a  shoot  with  a  small, 
heart-shaped  leaf,  which  grows  to  a  relatively  large  size ;  for  when  first  noticed  it  is  like  a  pin's  head,  and  in 
a  few  days  it  reaches  a  diameter  of  three  or  four  inches.  The  shoot  mounts  higher,  throwing  these  broad 
leaves  to  either  side,  and  twines  around  any  projection  that  offers,  as  if  gifted  with  intelligence.  In  time 
a  trumpet-shaped  flower  appears  at  the  axil,  opening  most  generally  in  early  morning,  whence  its 
common  name;  and,  perishing  before  night,  is  not  infrequently  replaced  by  other  flowers,  sometimes  to 
the  number  of  eight  or  ten,  continuously,  on  the  same  axil. 

Qnailioclit  vulgaris,  or  Cypress  Vine,  is  already  described,  page  171. 

Calystegia  sepiuni,  or  Bracted  Bindweed  of  the  Hedges,  is  a  twining  plant  often  found  by  the  road- 
sides of  our  coimtry,  east  and  south  of  the  Mississippi,  and  is  a  very  fine  plant,  well  adapted  to  house 
culture.  A  double  variety  of  it  is  much  used  by  the  florists  for  hanging-baskets  and  for  training  into 
window-frames  in  or  out  of  doors.  The  roots  being  perennial,  it  can  be  kept  from  year  to  year  undis- 
turbed in  the  same  place,  to  yield  its  annual  wealth  of  leaves  and  flowers  as  a  cheap  embellishment  to  our 
homes.  The  ease  with  which  it  may  be  secured,  as  well  as  cultivated,  should  not  be  allowed  to  depreciate 
its  value  in  the  estimation  of  lovers  of  flowers.  Should  the  vine  at  any  time  become  unsightly,  the  whole 
may  be  pruned  down  to  the  ground,  when  it  will  make  a  new.  healthy  start,  if  in  a  warm  atmosphere  and 
duly  refreshed  alternately  with  liquid  manure  and  water. 

Bonssingailltia  baselloides,  or  Madeira  Vine.  This  is  another  cheap  and  easily  procurable  twiner, 
requiring  but  little  care  in  the  development  of  its  beauties.  It  will  grow  thirty  feet  long,  and  spread 
laterally  as  much  more,  in  one  season,  under  favorable  circumstances.  As  the  plants  grow  larger  they 
need  more  root-room,  and  therefore  require  not  infrequently  to  be  transferred  to  larger  pots  several  times 
in  a  season.  It  will  do  no  harm  to  begin  with  a  larger  pot  than  they  need,  provided  that  the  soil  is  not  too 
much  watered. 

Mikailia  scaildens,  or  Parlor  Iw  (perhaps  more  familiarly  known  as  German  Ivy),  is  a  rapid-growing 
substitute  for  the  slower  and  more  valuable  English  Ivy,  this  rapidity  of  leafing  constituting  its  principal 
recommendation. 

Lonicera,  or  Honeysuckle,  of  which  there  are  several  highly-prized  species  in  cultivation,  is  a  well 
and  favorably  known  genus  of  twining  plants.  The  most  popular  species  is  perhaps  the  L.  sempervirens 
or  Trumpet  Honeysuckle.  It  flowers  all  the  season  out  of  doors,  and  makes  a  good  parlor  plant  when 
rightly  cared  for,  blooming  all  the  year  round  in  skillful  hands,  whence  it  is  called  senifervirens,  always 
green  or  flourishing.  It  is  unnecessary  to  describe  or  e\en  to  name  the  different  species  or  varieties 
of  the  Honeysuckle;  they  are  all  pretty  and  desirable  twiners,  easily  procured  and  as  easily  cultivated,  and 
inost  of  them  are  very  hardy. 

Celastrus  scandens,  or  Climbing  Bittersweet,  is  a  native  twiner  with  beautiful,  glossy  leaves,  and 
waxy,  red  berries  which  hang  on  the  plant  until  late  in  the  fall,  and  often  through  the  winter. 

Aristolochia  Sipho,  or  Dutchman's  Pipe,  is  already  described  on  page  35. 

Lathyrns  odoratus,  or  Sweet  Pea,  is  another  old  fa\orite  because  of  its  abundant  butterfly-shaped 
flowers,  and  the  sweet  fragrance  (whence  its  specific  name),  which  may  be  replaced  but  not  surpassed  by 
new  claimants  for  popular  esteem.  The  different  varieties  have  dift'erently-colored  flowers,  and  from  a 
single  seed-packet  one  may  sometimes  have  half  a  dozen  variations  in  color. 

Mauraildia,  in  three  choice  varieties,  mostly  with  a  pale-purple  or  bluish  flower,  is  an  acceptable, 
low-growing  twiner,  adapted  to  hanging-baskets  and  window-screens. 

Thunbergia,  also  in  three  varieties,  somewhat  resembles  the  Morning  Glory,  but  the  tube  of  the 
corolla  is  closer,  and  the  flower  is  more  flattened  on  the  top,  resembling  a  miniature  table.  The  color  is 
orange,  yellow  or  white,  with  a  black  eye  in  the  center  of  each  flower.  They  are  very  subject  to  Red 
Spider,  and  therefore  not  desirable  for  house  plants. 

Menispermiim  Caiiadense,  or  Canadian  Moonseed,  is  among  the  favorite  twiners,  but  is  not  so  gene- 
rally known  among  amateur  culturists  as  it  deserves  to  be.  The  small,  yellow  flowers  grow  in  drupes  in 
the  axils,  and  the  fruit,  which  is  a  small,  dark  berry,  grows  in  a  thyrsus,  resembling  a  bunch  of  grapes. 
Another  species,  the  M.  palmatum,  is  much  grown  in  Mozambique  and  other  parts  of  tlie  east  for  its 

395 


CL'LT/ VAT/ON    AXV    AXALTS/S    O/'  PLAXTS. 


commercial  value,  yielding  the  well-known  tonic  and  antiseptic  drug,  calumba.  The  M.  Canadense  pos- 
sesses the  same  properties,  but  in  an  inferior  degree.  It  is,  however,  grown  in  this  counti-v  mainly  tor  it^ 
ornamental  flowers,  fruit  and  leaf. 

Wistaria  Sinensis,  or  Chinese  Wistaria,  is  a  rapid-growing  twiner  of  superb  appearance  in  leaf  and 
flower.  The  flowers  come  in  long  racemes  like  the  Lupine  inverted,  but  larger  and  more  waxy  in  texture. 
while  in  color  they  resemble  the  Lilac,  which,  however,  they  surpass  in  the  delicate  tintings,  often  pro- 
gressing through  the  various  shades  from  a  deep  blue  to  a  pearly  white.  There  are  many  varieties  of  the 
Wistaria,  but  none  superior  to  the  W.  .Sinensis.  Their  size  forbids  their  adoption  as  indoor  plants  unless 
in  large  conservatories. 

Phaseolns  mnltiflorus,  or  Scarlet  Runner  —  sometimes  called  Spanish  Bean  —  though  most  fre- 
quently cultivated  as  a  vegetable,  for  the  pod  and  the  inclosed  bean,  is  not  to  lie  despised  as  an  ornamental 
indoor  or  outdoor  twiner.  It  sends  out  long  racemes  of  bright  scarlet,  butterfly-shaped  flowers,  which, 
contrasting  with  the  green  foliage  around,  produces  a  very  pleasing  eftect.  Many  people  grow  it  because 
of  its  artistic  beauties,  elevating  it  from  the  kitchen  garden  to  the  parlor  window. 

Adlnmia  cirrhosa,  or  Fringed  Adlumia,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  hard}'  of  twining  plants. 
It  climbs  by  its  leafstalks,  which  serve  the  purpose  of  tendrils,  and  grows  to  a  height  of  ten  or  twelve 
feet  in  a  season.     The  flowers  come  in  delicate  flesh-colored  panicles,  and  succeed  each  other  all  summer. 

Jasniinum  otticinale,  or  White  Jasmine,  is  already  described,  page  175. 

Hlliuulus  Inpulns,  or  common  Hop,  page  162. 

Periploca  Grieca,  (literally  Greek  twiner),  or  Silk  Vine,  is  a  hardy,  orn;nuent:il  twiner,  common 
throughout  our  northern  States  and  worthy  of  attention. 

CREEPERS. 
This  chiss  of  plants  is  distinguished   by   the  property  of  clintfing  by   the   rootlet-Hke 
shoots,  or  sucker-like  attachments,  which  it  sends  out  at  convenient  distances,  for  catching- 
hold  of  the  wall  or  other  surface  or  support  along  which  it  creeps. 

Hedera  Helix,  or  English  Ivy,  is  perhaps  the  choicest  of  all  creeping  plants,  and  has  been  immor- 
talized in  prose  and  verse,  Charles  Dickens's  almost  unique  contribution  to  poetic  literature,  "The  Ivv 
Green,"  being  forevermore  associated  with  its  beauties.  The  permanency  as  well  as  the  deep,  glossy, 
green  color  of  the  leaves  makes  it  a  universal  favorite.  Its  hardy  qualities  render  it  fit  for  cultivation 
almost  e\ery where;  and  it  needs  more  protection  from  heat  than  it  does  from  cold.  It  thri\es  best  in  the 
United  States  when  planted  to  the  north  of  a  house,  fence,  or  other  shade.  A  good  way  to  save  outdoor 
Ivies  in  winter  is  to  lay  them  down  carefully  along  the  ground,  and  cover  with  sods  in  their  natural  posi- 
tion, grass  upward.  Indoors,  the  English  Ivy  should  be  kept  clean  and  shielded  from  an  excessively  dry 
heat.     In  ordinary  living  rooms,  a  daily  damping  of  the  leaves  will  prove  sufficient.     (See  p.  174.) 

Ampelopsis  Veitchii,  or  Veitch's  Creeper,  a  distinct  species  introduced  from  Japan  by  the  florist 
Veitch  of  London,  is  of  the  same  genus  with  the  A.  quinquefolia,  the  common  American  or  Virginia 
Creeper,  but  difters  much  in  the  manner  of  growth,  the  structure  of  the  leaves,  and  other  peculiarities. 
Its  young  shoots  are  of  a  rich,  brown  purple,  and  its  leaves  are  rounded  and  simple,  while  the  flower  is 
inconspicuous.  A  peculiarity  of  the  Veitch's  Creeper  that  should  strongly  recommend  it  to  a  more 
general  acceptance,  is  its  habit  of  attaching  itself,  without  aid  from  its  owner  or  mechanical  contrivance 
of  any  kind,  to  whatever  object  is  near;  the  young  stems  send  out  sucker-like  attachments  by  which  they 
cling  to  wood,  stone,  or  indeed  to  any  substance,  however  smooth.  Another  attractive  feature  of  this 
Creeper  is  the  crimson-purple  coloring  of  its  rather  persistent  foliage,  which  clings  to  the  branches  often 
until  midwinter  in  .sheltered  places,  presenting  an  appearance  almost  as  bright  and  beautiful  as  if  the 
leaves  were  so  many  flowers. 

Ampelopsis  qilinqnefolia,  already  alluded  to,  has  five  leaflets  with  serrate  edges  on  a  common 
stalk,  curling  gracefully  downward,  and  is  so  familiar,  under  the  name  of  Virginia  Creeper,  as  to  need  no 
further  explanation. 

Tecouia  radieans,  or  Trumpet-flower,  has  been  described,  page  304. 


*^ ^^ 


i 


XEGLEC TED    BEA  CTIES. 


Fieus  repens,  or  Creeping  Fig,  originally  introduced  t'roni  China,  is  now  a  very  popular  delicate 
creeper,  which  holds  itself  tirmlj  bv  its  rootlets  to  any  uneven  surface,  and  is  much  used  in  conservato- 
ries, but  not  out  of  doors.  In  parlors  it  should  be  planted  among  other  plants,  as  it  requires  shade  and 
moisture.  The  leaves  are  small  and  firm,  resembling  green  parchment,  and  will  endure  much  neglect 
without  being  destroyed. 

TRA1LER.S. 

The  epithet  "traihng"  is  suliicieiitly  iiKHcati\e  of  the  habit  of  these  plants,  which 
might  be  said  to  hug  the  ground,  so  low  is  tlieir  growth. 

Epigaea  Repens,  or  Trailing  Arbutus  —  sometimes  called  Mayflower —  has  been  put  forward  in  some 
i|uarters  as  suitable  to  be  adopted  as  the  national  flower  of  the  United  States,  and  is  described  on  page  :;3. 

Tradescantia  zebrilia,  or  Wandering  Jew,  is  a  low-spreading,  trailing  plant,  differing  from  the  more 
erect  Tradescantias  in  that  respect,  and  striped  in  brown  and  green,  zebra-like,  whence  its  specific  name. 
There  is  another  species  —  the  T.-  alba,  or  white-flowered.  Both  are  much  used  for  hanging-baskets  and 
for  rock  work,  or  to  cover  old  stumps  or  other  deformities.  They  demand  copious  moisture,  but  are 
almost  indifferent  to  soil  conditions.     They  are  of  the  same  genus  as  the  T.  Virginica,  page  2S1. 

Several  Trailing  Plants  have  been  described  elsewhere,  as  follows:  Mentzelia  Lindlevi.  or  Golden 
Bartonia,  p.  42.  Stellaria  media,  or  Chickweed,  p.  Si.  Mesembryanthemum  crystallinum,  or  Ice-plant, 
p.  169.  Portulaca  grandiflora,  or  Great-flowered  Portulaca,  p.  249.  Potentilla  fbrmosa,  or  Handsome  Five- 
finger,  p.  250.  Trifolium  repens,  or  Shamrock,  p.  274.  Fragaria  vesca,  or  Wood  Strawberry,  p.  287.  Ver- 
bena Aubletia,  p.  311.     Nepeta  Glechoma,  or  Ground  Ivy,  p.  14S.     Vinca,  or  Periwinkle,  p.  237. 

These  are  but  a  few  of  the  many  phints  of  the  four  chisses  —  CUmbers,  Twiners, 
Creepers,  Trailers  —  that  might  be  mentioned,  and  are  chosen  because  they  are  all  easily 
cultivated,  needing  but  little  care  when  once  established,  and  because  they  are,  in  foliage, 
flower  and  fruit,  the  most  beautiful  of  their  respective  kinds.  Moreover,  they  all  mav 
be  easily  propagated  from  cuttings  or  slips,  by  layering,  and  from  di\  isions  of  the  roots, 
as  well  as  from  seeds. 

The  best  general  rule  for  cuttings  would  he  perhaps  to  make  them  in  the  earlv  spring 
before  the  plants  begin  to  sprout,  burying  them  about  two  inches,  oi'  a  third  of  their  length, 
in  the  ground.  In  the  hands  of  a  skilled  workman  these  cuttings  can  also  be  taken  in  the 
fall,  the  same  method  being  followed.  Green  shoots  two  or  three  inches  long,  severed 
from  the  parent  stem,  with  a  little  of  the  old  bark  attached,  will  generallv  make  good 
plants  if  placed  to  strike  root  in  a  box  of  moist  sand,  and  jjiotected  from  drving  winds  as 
well  as  excessive  heat. 

A  light,  rich  soil  is  congenial  to  most  if  not  all  the  climbing  plants  of  the  foregoing 
classes;  and  a  good  artificial  .soil  will  comprise  two  parts  leaf-mold,  one  cow-manure,  one 
loam  and  one  sand.  They  are,  however,  not  especially  dependent  on  soil  conditions,  but 
require,  as  essentials  to  a  thrifty  growth,  abundance  of  water  for  leaf  and  root;  and  an 
occasional  application  of  liquid  manure,  if  one  wishes  to  take  the  trouble,  will  insure  a 
more  vigorous  growth  and  an  incieased  loveliness  of  foliage.  Their  chief  enemies  are 
the  red  .spider,  scales  and  caterpillais,  wliich  can  easily  be  kept  down  by  daily  syringing 
and  other  careful  attentions. 

If  it  be  desired  to  test  the  full  capacity  of  the  common  climbing  plants,  the  soil  should 
be  dug  to  the  depth  of  about  a  foot,  and  on  each  available  side  to  a  distance  of  three  feet, 
when  the  earth  thus  disturbed  should  be  freely  mi.xed  with  manure  and  leaf-mold  in  about 
equal  parts,  and   plenty  of  root-room  allowed  to  each  plant,  especially  tor  the  first  season. 


^,  397 


a^S 


^  CULTIVATIOX   AXD   AXALISIS    OF  PLANTS. 

)'{j^\0\V\    to  science  as  Filices,  from  the  Latin,  these  flowerless  plants 
^^■'-    posses',   a   characteristic  charm  in  their  peculiar  leafage  or  fronds. 
>  many  prett}-  forms  of  these  leaves,  and  the  various  shades  and 
color,  from  a  pure  bright  green  to  a  golden  yellow,  are   among 
's  Ion  cliest  products.     They  constitute  a  remarkable  family  of  the 
. sign. 1  ted  Acrogenous,  from  two  Greek  words  that  signify  increas- 
■  ^  iiij;  111  giouth  from  the  extremity,  which  is  one  of  the  most  conspicuous 

''classes  of  the  Ci\ptogamous  or  Flowerless  series.     The  whole  Fern  family,  or 
Oidei  of  Filices,  is  divided   into  eight  suborders,  six  of  which  are  represented 
m  the  United  States.     It  is  only  within  a  comparatively  recent  period  that  these 
i  lovelv  members  of  the  vegetable  kingdom  have  been  thought  worthy  of  a  place 

in  collections  of  plants.  Lacking  the  common  element  of  conspicuous  flowers, 
with  their  accompanying  attractions  of  brilliant  coloring  and  fascinating  fragrance,  the 
Ferns  had  long  failed  to  elicit  the  admiration  they  deserve.  But  a  more  refined  taste  has 
learned  to  fully  appreciate  their  merits,  and  specimens  are  now  brought  together  from 
nearly  every  quarter  of  the  world  to  adorn  gardens,  conservatories  and  parlors.  In  fact 
many  wealthy  admirers  build  greenhouses  for  their  exclusive  cultivation.  Some  Ferns 
from  tropical  and  subtropical  climes  often  have  a  tree-like  appearance,  while  others  from 
colder  regions  are  so  dwarfish  that  they  have  frequently  been  mistaken  for  mosses  by 
those  not  possessed  of  a  thorough  and  discriminating  botanical  knowledge.  Many  of 
them  succeed  well  as  common  house-plants  when  kept  out  of  drying  winds  or  currents 
of  cold  air,  care  being  taken  to  dampen  their  fronds  daily.  Some  are  hardy  enough  to 
endure  excessive  heat  as  well  as  ordinary  winds,  with  the  simple  provision  of  supplying 
enough  of  moisture  at  the  roots.  The  Lomeria  Gibbii  will  even  grow  best  in  a  strong 
sunshine;  also  the  Scolopendrium  vulgare,  the  Poly  podium  vulgare,  and  the  Adiantum 
capillis-veneris  will  grow  well  in  an  exposed  situation.  Some  Ferns,  as  the  Adiantum 
cuneatum,  A.  trapeziforme,  A.  Farleyense,  Lygodium  palmatum,  and  many  others,  will 
only  grow  well  in  moist,  still  situations,  as  in  a  Wardian  case  or  in  a  quiet  nook  sheltered 
by  other  plants. 

As  a  generally  good,  manufactured  soil  for  most  Ferns,  chopped  sphagnum,  or  gray 
bog-moss,  common  loam,  broken  charcoal  or  potsherds,  and  sharp,  silver  sand,  all  well 
mixed  in  about  equal  parts,  cannot  be  surpassed. 

Ferns  are  often  found  growing  on  inaccessible  rocks  near  mountain  streams,  or  in  the 
valleys,  in  the  woods  or  on  the  prairies,  varying  in  size  and  form.  One  that  most  delights 
in  rocky  places,  is  a  curiosity  of  its  kind,  and  is  familiarly  known  as  the  Traveling  Fern. 
Its  leaves  bend  over  until  the  tips  touch  the  earth,  where  they  readily  strike  root  and  form 
new  plants.  These  doing  likewise,  the  whole  constitute  a  network  of  Ferns  often  cover- 
ing several  square  yards.  All  the  foregoing  species  of  Ferns  are  evergreens,  and  every 
house  or  yard  may  be  beautifully  decorated  at  little  or  no  expense  by  a  collection  of 
native  Ferns,  the  many  and  various  members  of  which  may  be  picked  up  in  country 
rambles.  A  good  guide  to  their  successful  cultivation  would  be  to  note  the  soil  and  loca- 
tion where  they  naturally  Houiish  best,  and  endeavor  to  reproduce  in  their  new  home  the 


'cm 


^ 


.XEi.LEC  JED    BE  A  UTIES. 


same  conditions  and  surroundings,  as  nearly  as  circumstances  will  permit.  When  Ferns,  or 
indeed  any  plants,  are  collected  at  a  distance,  they  should  be  wrapped  in  a  closely-woven 
wet  cloth,  both  roots  and  fronds,  and  the  bundle  wrapped  in  another  hut  dryer  cloth,  for 
transiDortation.  Two  common  handkerchiefs,  one  wet  and  the  other  dry,  will  serve  the 
purpose  very  well.  In  this  way  they  can  be  safely  carried  long  journeys,  while  for 
shorter  distances,  paper  wrappings  will  suffice. 


aRJ^SSiJS. 


'j'inS  Older  of  plants,  scientifically  designated,  from  the  Latin,  Gramines, 


one  of  the  most  useful  of  nature's  products  for  the  support  of  ani- 
al  life,  and  is  coextensive  with  the  animal  kingdom,  being  found 
almost  everywhere.  In  tropical  and  subtropical  climates,  some  of  the 
(glasses  assume  a  tree-like  appearance,  as  the  Bamboo,  Sugar  Cane, 
and  Indian  Corn.  Wheat,  Oat,  Barley,  Rye,  Rice  and  some  others 
i-h  the  staple  food  for  the  great  majority  of  mankind;  and  most  domestic 
.I',  well  as  many  wild  animals  derive  their  sustenance  from  these  and  other 
members  of  the  Grass  family.  And  as  the  human  family  depends  largely 
upon  these  animals  for  food  and  clothing,  it  is  not  easy  to  conceive,  much  less 
to  estimate  how  much  the  world  owes  to  the  two  hundred  and  ninety-one 
genera  and  three  thousand  eight  hundred  species  of  the  grass  family.  In  this 
large  array  there  is  but  one  species  that  is  not  nutritious;  this  is  known  as  Lolium  temu- 
lentum,  or  poisonous  Darnel  Grass,  which  fortunately  is  not  very  plentiful.  Where 
found,  its  rough  exterior  and  bitter  taste  are  repulsive  to  animals,  and  therefore  its  destruc- 
tive powers  are  but  little  felt.  Our  home  surroundings  are  often  beautified  by  the  short- 
cropped  lawn  Grasses,  making  a  delightful  natural  carpet  for  children's  play,  as  well  as  a 
pleasing  object  for  the  eye  to  rest  upon.  Though  far  removed  from  the  gaudy  and  bril- 
liant colorings  of  the  Tulip,  and  for  the  most  part  but  simple,  unpretending  plants,  the 
Grasses  possess  a  modest  beauty  all  their  own,  or  shared  only  with  the  Ferns.  The 
florists  and  collectors  have  been  busy  for  some  time  in  bringing  together  the  Grasses  from 
distant  parts  of  the  world,  and  an  admirer  might  now  collect  in  his  yard  or  window 
enough  of  specimen  Grasses  to  effectively  aid  his  children  in  their  geography  lesson-, 
on  the  well-known  principle  of  association  of  ideas.  For  instance,  he  might  say  this  Grass 
in  our  southwest  coiner  is  from  New  Zealand;  that  in  the  southeast  is  from  Australia; 
that  other  in  the  extreme  east  is  from  Japan;  the  next  to  the  west  is  from  China.  And 
thus  he  might  form  the  circuit  of  the  whole  world,  pointing  consecutively  to  the  Grasses 
of  India,  Persia,  Turkey,  Greece,  Italy,  Spain,  Portugal,  Azores,  West  Indies  and 
America.  Many  of  the  Grasses  are  well  adapted  for  indoor  culture,  and  all  for  outdoor, 
in  their  proper  climatic  surroundings.  Among  the  verv  choicest  of  the  former  are 
Panicum  variegatum,  which  presents  transformations  of  color  equally  singular  and  beau- 
tiful;    the    Isolepsis   gracilis,   with   its   bright-green,   wiry    leaves,   adapted    to  borders   in 

399 


r 


.I.W)    .l.^^l/,  i'.V/.V    Ol-    PLANTS. 


shaded  nooks;  Festuca  c<eca,  which  is  a  fine  ornamental  grass  for  pots  or  vases,  and  con- 
trasts well  with  the  Holcus  lanatus,  or  Velvet-Grass,  which  is  of  a  silvery  appearance  and 
not  unlike  the  common  ribbon-grass  of  our  gardens,  but  of  finer  texture.  These  four 
Grasses  which  we  have  singled  out  form  a  neat  little  collection  for  indoor  culture  when 
grown  together,  even  without  any  admixture  with  other  plants.  A  generally  acceptable 
soil  for  the  growth  of  nearly  all  Grasses,  is  made  up  of  equal  parts  of  cow-manure,  leaf- 
mold,  loam  and  sand  well  mixed;  and  all  Grasses  like  water,  but  not  stagnant  moisture. 


i:iiELL  known  tooi; 

widely  spread   in 

the  Heaths  ha\  c 

although   it   is   nc 

natives  of  this  count 


II  t:  A  T  US. 


Anglo-.S;i 
the  counti 


terature,  because  indigenous  and 
lere  that  literature  had  its  rise, 
•nltivated  in  the  United  States, 
It  twenty-six  of  the  genera  are 
s   scientificallv   called    Ericaceje, 


The  ordt 
from  Erica,  the  Heath  proper,  the  accepted  type  of  the  family.  There 
are  five  or  more  suborders,  perhaps  seventy  genera,  and  about  eleven  hiuidred 
species,  besides  uncounted  varieties.  Erica  carnea,  fleshy  Heath,  so  called  on 
account  of  its  flesh-colored  bloom,  and  Erica  Mediterranea,  or  Heath  of  the 
Mediterranean,  whose  bloom  is  of  a  somewhat  darker  flesh-color,  are  cultivated 
florists  and  others,  and  are  much  valued  as  exotics.  They  make  desir- 
able window  plants  if  plentifully  supplied  with  moisture  and  protected  from 
excessive  heat,  whether  artificial  or  natural.  The  more  common  indigenous  sorts  are  the 
Kalmia,  or  .Sheep  Laurel ;  the  Azalea  arborescens  (Tree-like  Azalea),  or  False  Honey- 
suckle; the  Rhododendron,  or  Rosebay;  the  Rhodora  Canadensis,  or  Canadian  Rhodora; 
the  Ledum  latifolium,  or  Broad-leaved  Labrador  Tea;  the  Andromeda  in  several  species; 
the  Vaccinium  in  a  large  number  of  species,  known  in  the  vernacular  as  Blueberry,  Cran- 
berry, etc.;  Gaylussacia,  or  Huckleberry;  and  the  Pyrola,  or  False  Wintergreen. 

All  these  members  of  the  Ericaceas  family  are  of  easy  culture,  hut,  being  originally 
natives  of  bogs,  downs  and  sheltered  mountain  dells,  they  grow  best  on  northern  slopes, 
behind  fences  or  evergreens,  or  otherwise  protected  from  the  noonday  sun  as  well  as  from 
drying  winds.  Like  the  Begonias,  they  delight  in  a  steady  supply  of  uniform  moisture. 
The  fibrous  rootlets  are  very  fine,  and  extremely  sensitive  to  deleterious  substances,  such 
as  clods  of  half-rotted  manure,  lumps  of  clayey,  uncongenial  soils,  and  the  like. 

The  best  compost  for  their  growth  is  three  parts  leaf-mold,  one  of  sharp  sand,  one 
of  common  earth,  and  one  of  well-rotted  manure.  Commonly  growing  upon  a  sub- 
stratum of  freestone,  a  limestone  or  other  calcareous  subsoil  is  hurtful,  and  the  application 
of  lime-water  is  accordingly  found  to  be  pernicious;  hence  rainwater  should  alone  be  used. 
An  occasional  dose  of  liquid  manure  will  prove  acceptable  to  these  plants  when  in  flower 
or  when  making  a  new  growth.  The  Ledums,  Kalmias,  the  small  plants  of  the  best 
varieties  of  the  Rhododendron,  the  Azalea  nudiflora,  and  other  dwarf  members  of  the 
family,  besides  the  two  imported  species  already  mentioned,  make  pretty  house   plants. 

400 


p^^ 

'^l^  XEdLECTED    BEAUTIES. 


In  a  south-looking  window  the  young  leaves  require  careful  protection  from  the  sun's  rajs, 
as  they  may  easily  be  scorched  beyond  reco\ery. 

Though  exposed  to  the  open  air,  and  at  a  rather  low  temperature,  in  their  native 
homes,  these  plants  are  less  hardy  than  would  be  supposed,  and  therefore  should  be 
carefully  shielded  from  strong,  drying  winds,  whether  hot  or  cold. 

The  most  common  plant  of  the  whole  order  is  the  Calluna  vulgaris,  which  covers 
extensive  tracts  of  waste  moors  throughout  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  which  is  also 
found  sparsely  in  Canada  and  our  New  England  States.  This  is  more  hardy  than  any 
of  the  other  species,  and  will  flourish  in  almost  any  soil  with  a  temperature  under  fift}'; 
but  in  more  southern  latitudes  it  requires  to  be  shaded  in  hot  weather. 


f^  ^u^^-^ ,  J^^O  SS£JS. 


SCI,  or  Mosses,  which  comprise  three  orders  and  thirty-six 
1^  Ejenera  of  cryptogamous  plants,  are  among  the  lower  forms  of 
\egetable  life.  In  the  economy  of  nature  they  come  next  to  the 
Lichenes,  or  Lichens,  serving  by  their  decay  to  form  a  suitable 
soil  for  the  more  beautiful  and  more  useful  plants.  They  grow  in 
such  dense,  compact  masses  —  often  a  hundred  to  a  square  inch  — 
that  their  remains  constitute  a  bed  in  which  plants  of  a  higher  order 
;  loot.  They  are  to  be  found  in  all  climates  and  on  all  soils,  requiring 
as  absolutely  essential  only  a  constant,  gentle  moisture.  The  Mosses  cover  with 
d  coat  of  emeiald  green  the  trunks  of  trees,  the  sides  and  summits  of  barren 
rocks,  the  moldering  walls  of  old  ruins,  the  margins  of  running  brooks,  the 
crevices  of  damp,  subterranean  caves  and  the  like.  The  Sphagnum  palustre,  or 
Gray  Bog-moss,  is  much  used  in  Lapland  and  other  countries  of  North  Europe  for  bed- 
ding and  coverlets.  When  flattened  out  by  use,  they  can  be  renovated  so  as  to  assume 
their  original  elasticity  by  being  soaked  in  water  and  again  dried.  The  tenacity  of  life  in 
the  Mosses  is  truly  wonderful;  they  have  been  known  to  have  rooted  and  grown  afresh 
after  having  lain  pressed  in  a  herbarium  for  thirty  years. 

In  collections  of  plants,  it  is  found  worth  while  to  cultivate  them  as  toppings  for  the 
stands,  pots  or  boxes  in  which  ornamental  plants  are  grown.  They  prevent  a  too  rapid 
evaporation  of  the  moisture,  where  it  is  desirable  to  retain  it,  besides  adding  a  neatness 
which  the  uncovered  soil  does  not  present.  Some  amateurs  make  a  specialty  of  growing 
a  patch  of  Mosses  for  the  yard  or  house,  because  of  their  intrinsic  beaut}',  and  the  refresh- 
ing greenness  of  the  dense,  compact  mass  in  which  they  grow.  They  can  be  studied  to 
advantage  only  with  the  aid  of  a  microscope,  and  are  by  that  means  found  to  present  the 
appearance  of  miniature  trees  and  various  other  curious  forms.  The  Tortulas  resemble 
small,  fine  screws,  whence  their  name.  The  Hypnums,  or  Feather  Mosses,  are  probabh- 
the  most  numerous,  and  are  often  exceedingly  pretty,  resembling  miniature  ferns,  feathers, 
or  trees. 

401 


jShurfurp  of  pianfx. 


NIMATED  nature  includes,  besides  animals,  all  plants,  by  which  are 
(  meant  in  this  connection  the  living  organisms  that  constitute  the 
*■    vegetable  kingdom,  such  as  trees,  shrubs,  herbs,  vegetables,  grasses. 


ferns,  etc.  It  will  be  recollected  that  there  are  three  great  "king- 
doms" in  nature  —  the  mineral,  the  vegetable  and  the  animal;  and 
of  these  the  one  we  are  at  present  concerned  with  holds  the  middle 
place.  Plants  are  living  things,  and  the  superior  vegetables  approach 
so  nearly  to  what  are  generally  considered  inferior  classes  of  the 
animal  kingdom,  that  scientists  are  at  a  loss  to  determine  the  exact 
1  dividing  line.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  well  known  that  certain 
M  n  ;  •  ■«»  ^  w  ^  minerals  are  remains  of  former  vegetation.  Hence,  in  nature  one 
/i!A)  kingdom  merges  into  another  by  gradations  so  fine  that  where  one  begins 
/ r^f '\  and  the  other  ends  remains  a  sort  of  mysterious  secret  eluding  the  analytical 
powers  of  man.  Vegetable  life,  like  animal  life,  is  a  continued  succession  of  renewal  and 
deca\,  of  assimilation  and  elimination.  (;ro\\th  ma\-  therefore  be  said  to  be  the  lesult  of 
the  assimilaling  processes  in  excess;  maturity,  of  a  balance  of  the  assimilating  and  elimi- 
nating; and  decay,  of  an  excess  of  the  eliminating  processes.  Vegetables  derive  their 
support  from  the  atmosphere,  as  v\-ell  as  from  the  soil,  and,  like  animals,  contain  a  far 
greater  proportion  of  water  than  of  anything  else.  The  other  ingredients  are  carlion, 
acid    gas    imbibed  from    the  air;  often   a   little   nitrogen;    and 


derived    fn 


rboi 


general  1\ 

a  small   quantity 

of  mineral 

substances   absorbed 

roots. 

CHE  M I S 

rR  V   OF   PLANTS 

liquii 


ton 


the 


rally 


.■nts   kn. 


recognize<l  as  containing  about  eighteen  of  the  sixty-five 
:iture,  and  these  are  all  contributed  by  the  vegetable  king- 
iloni  to  the  support  of  animal  life.  It  is  equally  pleasing  and  instrueli\e  to  learn,  through 
the  scientific  principles  of  the  chemistry  of  plants,  how  and  of  what  materials  the  beautiful 
forms  that  we  see  around  us  are  made,  as  well  as  what  useful  propejties  the)'  possess. 
Thereby  we  obtain  an  inierring  guide  to  the  most  wholesome  food  for  oursehes  and  oiu" 
domestic  animals;  and  a  discriminating  sense  of  the  proportion  in  which  the  different 
kinds  should  be  used.  Hence  we  know  that  it  is  unwise  to  partake  of  the  same  plants  too 
continuously,  frequent  changes  being  a  fixed  law  of  their  healthful  action  on  the  human 
system.     By  a  knowledge  of  the  chemical   components  of  the   human   frame  on   the  one 

402 


STRUCTURE    OF  PLANTS. 


hand,  and  those  of  the  useful  plants  on  the  other,  man  is  enabled  to  select  the  materials 
proper  to  be  used  in  accordance  with  his  varying  needs.  It  is  easy  to  eat  too  much  of  plants 
that  contain  sulphur,  lime,  phosphorous,  fatty,  carbonaceous  matter,  or  any  other  of  the 
chemical  ingredients  of  plants,  when  the  system  may  really  demand  the  use  of  those 
endowed  with  quite  different  properties;  hence  the  value  of  this  knowledge. 

It  is  truly  wonderful  that  an  order  of  plants,  containing  perhaps  several  hundred 
genera  and  many  thousand  species,  will  maintain,  throughout  all  their  variety  of  form  and 
color,  a  predominance  of  one  or  more  chemical  elements.  For  instance,  the  Cruciferae,  or 
Mustard  family,  one  of  great  utility  to  man,  every  member  of  which  affords  nutritious 
and  medicinal  benefits,  principally  anti-scorbutic,  or  scurvy-destroying,  in  character. 
Thev  all  contain  nitrogen  and  sulphiu"  more  largely  than  other  plants,  which  accounts  for 
their  yielding  ammonia  when  undergoing  decay,  as  well  as  for  their  blood-purifying  prop- 
erties. Many  of  our  familiar  table  condiments,  as  mustard,  horseradish,  cress,  etc.,  belong 
to  this  order.  The  Crucifera  are  natives  of  the  temperate  zone,  and  are  a  natural  antidote 
for  the  excessive  use  of  fat-producing  matters,  so  common  in  those  regions. 

The  order  LeguminosEe  is  perhaps  the  largest  of  all,  and  is  remarkable  tor  containing 
lime,  albumen  and  starch.  Its  value  in  the  animal  economy  is  great,  as  it  furnishes  the 
bone  and  sinew,  which  constitute  the  essential  framework  of  the  animal  structure.  Like 
tile  other  useful  plants,  they  are  found  everywhere,  to  meet  the  necessities  of  uni\ersal 
animal  life,  while  the  poisonous  or  dangerous  plants  are  confined  to  a  very  limited  range. 
The  LeguminossB  are  also  possessed  of  many  well-known  medicinal  properties,  whose 
\alue  can  scarcely  be  overestimated.  Plants  yield  about  thirty-four  different  products, 
such  as  resin,  oil,  wax,  gluten,  starch,  sugar,  etc.;  and  at  least  eight  well-known  acids, 
viz. :  oxalic  in  rhubarb,  tartaric  in  grapes,  citric  in  lemons,  malic  in  apples,  gallic  in 
oak,  benzoic  in  balsam,  prussic  or  hydi-ocyanic  in  almonds,  and  phosphoric  in  oats. 

Vegetable  chemistry,  as  may  be  conjectured  from  the  remarks  already  made,  is  much 
too  extensive  a  subject  to  receive  proper  attention  in  a  subsidiary  paragraph  of  a  popular 
work  devoted  mainly  to  the  poetry  and  cultivation  of  flowers;  but  this  much  it  has  been 
thought  desirable  to  insert  as  a  slight  hint  on  an  important  subject,  and  a  stimulus  to 
further  investigation. 

For  the  more  easv  comprehension  of  the  general  principles  of  botany  by  tile  unsci- 
entific lover  of  flowers,  it  is  now  proposed  to  consider  the  individual  plant  under  the  various 
relations  of  its  internal  structure,  and  its  component  parts  viewed  externally,  together  with 
the  more  important  subdivisions  of  these,  in  a  natural  sequence,  and  in  as  few  words  as 
possible.     What  plants  are  composed  of  becomes  then  the  next  subject  for  consideration. 

TISSUES. 

Plants  are  made  iiji  of  innumerable  minute  sacs,  called  cells,  and  generally  of  a  lot 
of  tubes  or  vessels,  which  were  also  originally  rows  of  these  cells,  the  whole  constituting 
the  material  substance  of  plants,  or  what  is  technically  known  as  tissue.  The  nourishment 
of  plants  passes  from  cell  to  cell  through  the  thin  membranes  that  constitute  the  cell  walls. 
These  cells  are  of  a  definite  structure,  as  found  by  microscopic  observation,  and  the  tissues 
are  of  different  kinds  according  to  the  structure  and  arrangement  of  the  cells  and  tubes.       j  \ 


CULTIVATION  AND  AN  ALTS  IS    OF  PLANTS. 


Cellular  tissue,  which  composes  the  whol 
as  mosses,  seaweeds  and  the  like,  is  where  the 
oval  sacs  crowded  close  together.  Peculiarly 
known  as  the  skin  or  epidermis. 

Wood  tissue  consists  of  long  tubes,  tapering 
which  form  in  woody  plants  what  is  known  as 

Bast  tissue  consists  of  long,  flexible  tubes, 
in  the  liber  or  inner  bark,  constituting  in  hemp 
the  manufacture  of  linen,  ropes,  etc. 

['oscular  tissue  consists  of  long  tubes  or  vc 
titions  between  which  have  been  absorbed,  ; 
dotted  ducts,  spiral  vessels,  annular  bands,  etc. 

The  chief  organs  of  plants  are  four,  viz. : 
Each  of  these  is  subdivided  under  difltrent  aspe 


e  structure  of  some  of  the  lower  orders, 
whole  mass  is  made  up  of  these  minute 
flattened,  they   compose   the  outer  layer 

and  closed  at  the  ends,  placed  side  by  side, 
wood  proper. 

closed  at  both  ends,  and  is  mostly  found 
and  flax  the  portion  of  those  plants  used  in 

ssels,  formed  of  superposed  cells  the  par- 
LUid    comprises  what    are  variously  called 

I,  Root;    2,  stem;  3,   Leaf;   4,  Flower. 
cts  and  relations. 


■OOTS  are  the  parts  bv  which  tlic  plant  draws  nourishment  from  the 
,  and   are    sometimes    supplied    \\'ith   rootlets,   holding    about    the 
e  relation  to  them  that  they  do  to  the  plant.     Roots  are  of  six 
Is :  Fibrous,  when  composed  of  tufts  of  fibers  with  pores  at  their 
points,  as   in   common   grasses  (i*);    repent  or  creeping-,  as  in  the 
Couch-grass  (2);  fusifortn,  or  spi?idle-skaped,  as  in  the  Carrot  (3); 
prcinorse  (as  if  bitten  off)  when  the  spindle-shape  ends  quite  abruptly,  as  in  the 
Plantain  (4);  tuberous,  as  in  the  Potato,  where  the  root  comprises  one  or  more 
ndish,  solid  masses,  fed  by  rootlets  from  the  soil  (5);  bulbous,  where  the  root 
is  one  round,  solid  mass,  producing  buds  from  the  upper  surface  and  rootlets  from 
the  lower,  as  in  the  Narcissus  (6);  the  bulbous  is,  however,  sometimes  a  mass 
of  overlapping,  fleshy  scales,  as  in  the  Lily  (7),  or  of  concentric  coats,  as  in  the  Onion. 

Collar. — The  collar  is  that  portion  of  the  plant  where  the  root  merges  into  the  stem, 
or  where  they  both  unite  (S). 

In  respect  of  duration,  roots  as  well  as  plants  are  designated  and  defined  as  follows: 
Annuals  are  such  as  in  one  season  grow   from   the  seeds,  blossom,  and  ripen   their 
seeds  for  the  following  year,  and  then  perish.     Among  the  annuals  are  to  be  found  many 
of  the  most  charming  of  the  summer  flowei-s,  some  blooming  for  short  periods  of  a  week 
or  two,  and  others  during  the  whole  season. 

Biennials  are  such  as  start  from  the  seed  one  summer,  and  spend  all  their  strength  in 
establishing  their  roots  and  laying  up  nutriment  for  the  flowerstalks  ()f  the  following 
year,  when  they  blossom,  ripen  seed,  and  perish,  having  fulfilled  their  mission.  Some 
very  pleasing  flowers  are  found  among  this  class.  In  order  to  have  flowers  of  any  of  the 
biennials  every  year,  seeds  must  be  sown  «ach  \ear,  thus  calculating 

*   Thf  jf^^ttres  inclosed  in  parenthc.'.fs.  //•.  ;tiy  t«  410,  refer  tn  the  iltttslrattous 
404 


ar  in  advance. 


*: 


m. 


STRUCrCRE    OF  PLANTS. 

Perennials  are  those  that  live  and  bloom  year  after  year,  except  under  extraordinary 
vicissitudes,  many  of  them  blooming  the  first  summer  if  sown  early  in  the  spring.  Such 
plants  can  be  propagated  by  a  division  of  the  roots  and  cuttings  as  well  as  by  seeds.  Some 
of  these  cannot  be  surpassed  for  utility  and  beauty,  and  are  best  for  permanent  beds  where 
circumstances  will  not  permit  the  steady  attention  demanded  by  other  classes  of  flowers. 


sometune 
in  the  St 


%VB, 


STEMS. 

EXT  to  the  root  is  the  stem,  or  that  part  of  the  plant  which  springs 
»^^\  from  the  root,  and  serves  to  support  the  leaves,  buds  and  flowers. 
i^'S^^  It  usually  seeks  the  light,  appearing  above  the  ground,  and  is  sub- 
■  '  divided  as  follows:  Simple.,  wYitw  found  without  branches  (8),  as 
in  the  Parnassia;  componiuU  when  branched,  as  in  the  Chickweed 
icj);  forked,  when  partetl  into  two  equal  or  nearly  equal  branches,  as 
in  the  Bouvardia  (lo);  erect,  when  growing  wp\\ght,  ascenditig-^vchen  rising 
obliquely  upward  —  when  several  stems  grow  from  the  same  root,  the  central 
one  is  often  erect  and  the  others  ascending,  as  in  the  Violet  (ii);  prostrate, 
ox  procumbent,  when  it  lies  flat  along  the  ground,  as  in  the  Petunia;  creeping, 
or  rcpei/t,  when  it  runs  along  the  ground  and  sends  out  roots  from  its  joints  — 
a  plant  has  an  upright  stem,  and  sends  out  creeping  shoots  from  its  base,  as 
wherry  (12);  twini/tff,  or  voluble,  as  in  the  Hop,  when  they  rise  by  spirally 
coiling  themselves  around  supports;  climbing,  or  scandcnt,  when  they  rise  by  clinging 
step  by  step  to  other  objects,  as  in  the  Ivy. 

Stems  are  classified  according  to  certain  peculiarities  of  size  and  duration,  as  follows: 
Herbaceous,  when  thcv  die  down  to  the  ground  every  year,  as  in  Mint  or  other  herbs, 
whence  the  cpitlii.t ;  fruticosc,\\\\c\\  living  from  year  to  year,  and  of  considerable  size, 
like  Lilac  or  other  shrubs;  suffruticosc,  when  fruticose  or  shrubby  below,  and  herbaceous 
above,  as  the  Horseshoe  Geranium;  suffrutescent,  when  the  stem  has  an  appearance  of 
being  moderately  shrubby,  and  is  only  a  little  woody,  as  the  Pelargonium ;  arborescent, 
when  approaching  to  a  tree-like  appearance,  as  the  Oleander;  and  arboreous,  when  it  is 
the  trunk  of  a  tree  properly  so  called,  as  the  Magnolia. 

The  stem  is  composed — beginning  from  the  center  —  of  the  pith,  the  sof't,  spongy 
substance  in  the  center  of  many  plants,  consisting  of  cellular  tissue;  the  wood,  or  material 
immediately  surrounding  the  pith;  the //i5er,  or  inner  bark,  which  is  fibrous;  Xhc  cortex, 
or  outer  bark,  which  consists  of  cellular  tissue  only;  and  the  epidermis,  or  skin  —  a  thin, 
membraneous  covering,  with  pores,  that  envelops  all  the  rest.  The  stem,  longitudinally 
considered,  comprises  the  nodes,  or  knots;  and  internodes,  or  parts  between  the  knots. 

It  has  been  already  stated  that  the  stem  is  usually  above  ground;  there  are,  however, 
several  forms  of  underground  stems, 'as  the  rhizoma,  or  rootstalk,  a  creeping  stem  grow- 
ing wholly  or  partly  beneath  the  soil;  the  corm,  which  is  a  very  short,  fleshy  rhizoma; 
the  bulb,  a  shorter  stem,  usualh'  underground,  with  excessively  crowded  and  overlapping 
coats;  an«]  the  bulblcl,  which  is  a  small  excresence  that  grows  on  the  older  and  larger  bulb. 

405 


il 


•^Vxs-^" 


^m 


f 


L 


CULTIVATION  AND   AN  ALTS  IS   OF  PLANTS. 


Stalks. — The  stalks  are  the  offshoots  from  the  stem,  which  directly  support  the  leaves, 
and  are  variously  styled  peduncles,  pedicels,  petioles,  meaning  respectively  flowerstalks, 
footstalks  and  leafstalks. 

Axil. — The  axil  is  the  angle  formed  on  the  upper  surface,  between  the  stem  and  leaf, 
where  the  buds,  called  on  that  account  axillary,  spring  from  the  stem  (13). 


l:e^v'\^ss. 


'^.^  XDERS TOOD  to  lie  expansions  or  elongations  from   the  stem, 

leaves  consist  of  a  network  of  fibers  or  nerves  in  two  distinct  sets, 

1  one  to  each  surface.     The  purposes  they  serve  are  mainly  three:  to 

expose  a  broader  surface  to  the  action  of  the  light  and   heat,  to  aid 

'      evaporation,  and  to  facilitate  the  absorption  of  carbonic  acid  from  the 

air.     They  discharge  the  function  fulfilled  by  the  lungs  in  the  animal 

kingdom.     They  are  called  radical,  when  they  spring  around  the  root, 

the  Dandelion;  alternate,  when  only  one  appears  on  each  joint  of  the 

stem,  as  in  the  Toad-flax  (13);  opposite,  when  in  pairs  opposite  each  other,  as 

in  \hc  Mint  (14);  ■whorled,  when  in  a  circle  around  the  stem,  as  in  the  Pin-ple 

Etipatorium'(i5);  and  tufted,  when  they  appear  in  bunches  or  tufts  at  the  top, 

as  in  the  Ervngo  (16),  or  as  in  the  Palm. 

Leaves  are  further  distinguished  as  sessile,  when  they  sit,  as  it  were,  on  the  stem, 

without  intervening  stalks,  as  in  the  Eryngo  (16);  deciduous,  if  they  fall  annually,  as  in 

most  trees  and  shrubs;  and  persistettt,  if  they  survive  the  season,  as  in  the  evergreens. 

A  leaf  is  simple,  when  composed  of  one  piece  only,  as  in  the_  Round-leaved  Bell- 
flower  (17);  binate,  ternate,  quaternate  or  quinate,  according  as  it  has,  on  a  common 
stalk,  respectively,  two  leaflets,  as  in  the  Listera;  three,  as  in  the  Clover  (18);  four,  as 
in  the  exceptional  four-leaved  Clover;  or  five,  as  in  the  Ampelopsis  {ig);  pinnate,  when  a 
number  of  leaves  are  arranged  feather-like  along  the  stalk,  as  in  the  Pea  (20).  A  simple 
leaf  is  sometimes  wavy  along  the  edge,  as  in  the  China  Primrose  (21),  or  has  three  lobes, 
as  in  the  Hypatica,  five,  as  in  the  Castor-oil  Plant,  or  seven,  as  in  the  Lady's  Mantle  (22). 
Leaves  are  digitate,  when  they  all  spring,  like  so  many  fingers,  from  the  tip  of  the 
leafstalk,  as  in  the  ^'irginia  Creeper  (23);  palmate,  when  the  leaflets  leave  a  space  at  their 
common  center,  not  unlike  the  palm  of  the  hand,  as  in  the  Horse-chestnut  (24);  pcdotc, 
or  foot-like,  as  in  the  Chenopodiums,  or  when  a  palmate  or  other  leaf  has  an  additional 
cleft  in  the  edge,  not  as  deep  as  the  digitate,  and  hence  called  pedate,  as  in  the  Manthake 
(25);  peltate,  or  shield-like,  when  the  stalk  is  attached  at  or  near  the  center,  as  in  the 
Nasturtium  (26);  perfoliate,  when  the  stalk  passes  through  the  leaf  (27),  as  in  the  Bone- 
set;  connate,  when  two  leaves  are  joined  at  their  bases,  the  stalk  passing  through  at  the 
junction,  as  in  the  Ljchnis  (28). 

Again,  by  reason  of  peculiarities  of  the  edges,  leaves  are  called  entire,  when  there  is 
an  unbroken,  gradual  curvature  of  the  margin,  as  in  the  Silene  (29);  crcnatc,  crenellcd  or 
scollopped,  when  it   is  notched  like  a  scollop  slicll,  as   in  the  Ground   Ivv  (30);  serrate,  or 

406 


1? 


/S^^ 

STRICTURE    OF  PLA.\,TS. 


sa-w-edged,  as  in  the  Rose  (31);  pectinate^  or  comb-like^  an  expression  sometimes  used 
where  the  edges  are  a  deepl3-cut  dentate;  dentate^  or  toothed,  as  in  the  common  Hoar- 
hound  (32);  incised,  or  cut,  also  called  laciniate,  when  slashed  or  cut  more  irregular  than 
in  the  dentate,  as  in  the  Fennel;  undulate,  or  wavy,  as  in  the  Beech;  sinuate,  or 
sinuous,  that  is,  of  larger  scope  than  the  wavy,  but  of  the  same  general  outline,  as  in 
the  White-oak ;  lobed,  when  cut  in  sections,  with  the  incisions  reaching  about  halfway  to  the 
midrib,  and  these  may  be  tivo-lobcd,  three-lobcd,  etc.,  according  to  their  number,  as 
already  described;  cleft,  when  cut  still  more  deeply,  half  way  down  or  more  toward  the 
midrib  —  the  Latin  equivalent  fid,  as  a  sufHx,  from  findo,  I  cleave,  with  a  qualifying 
prefix,  is  very  much  used  in  this  connection,  as  pinnatifid,  multifid,  bifid,  etc.,  denoting 
respectively  cleft  like  a  feather,  many-cleft,  two-cleft,  etc. — farted,  when  almost  reach- 
ing the  midrib;  and  divided,  or  bisected,  trisected,  etc.,  when  incised  quite  to  the  midrib. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  divisions,  leaves  are  distinguished,  as  to  form  or  general 
shape,  by  epithets  that  are  sufficiently  clear  in  themselves,  or  may  be  readil}'  comprehended 
by  reference  to  the  engraving  on  page  328,  viz.:  Linear,  as  in  grass;  oblong,  as  in  the 
Chickweed  (33);  hairlike,  as  in  the  Schizanthus  (34);  strap-shaped,  as  in  the  Heath  (35); 
elliptical,  as  in  the  Rose  (31);  oval,  or  egg-shaped,  as  in  the  Apple  (36);  obovate,  or 
iiivcivcly  oval,  as  in  the  Juneberry  (37);  rounded,  as  in  the  Round-leaved  Violet  (38); 
heart-shaped,  as  in  the  Dog  Violet  (39);  inversely  heart-shaped,  as  in  the  Clover  (iS); 
kidney-shaped,  ^s,  in  the  common  Water-cress  (40);  arrow-shaped,  as  in  the  Sagittaria 
(41);  angular,  as  in  the  Hypatica  (42);  and  sword-shaped,  as  in  the  Gladiolus  (43). 

Stipules  are  two  winglike  appendages  that  are  often  found  at  the  base  of  the  leaf- 
stalk (united  with  or  distinct  therefrom),  sometimes  oblong,  as  in  the  Evening  Primrose, 
and  at  others  arrow-shaped,  as  in  the  Rose  (44). 

Bracts. — These  are  the  small  leaves  that  are  sometimes  found  immediately  below  the 
flower-cluster,  on  its  stalk  or  peduncle,  as  in  the  Pentstemon  (45,  46),  generally  green, 
but  occasionally  picturesquely  colored,  as  in  the  Poinsettia.  When  they  appear  on 
the  pedicel,  they  are  called  bracteoles,  as  in  the  Cardamine  (47);  and  when  these  grow  in 
a  circle,  or  whorl,  they  are  called  an  involucre,  as  in  the  Thistle  (48). 

Buds  are  the  germs  of  the  branches,  as  the  seed  is  of  the  whole  plant,  and  sprout  from 
the  stem  as  this  does  from  the  root;  hence  the  branches  might  be  regarded  as  secondary 
stems,  or  even  as  individual  plants  springing  from  the  buds.  ■  These  buds  are  called  term- 
inal when  they  appear  at  the  end  of  the  stem,  and  lateral  when  they  appear  at  the  sides; 
the  most  important  of  the  lateral  are  the  (7 v/ZArri' already  mentioned  —  the  others  being 
accessory  or  supernumerary  when  two  or  more  supplement  the  axillary,  and  adventi- 
tious when  they  appear  elsewhere  than  at  the  axils. 

Estivation,  or  prjefloration,  is  the  arrangement  of  the  parts  of  the  future  flower  in 
the  bud  before  blooming;  and  is  called  open,  when  the  calyx  and  corolla  are  not  closed 
over  the  other  parts  of  the  flower;  valvate,  when  the  several  parts  meet  each  other  exactly 
by  the  edges  without  overlapping;  induplicatc,  if  the  edges  are  tui'ned  in;  reduplicate,  if 
turned  out;  contorted,  when  the  edges  are  twisted;  imbricated,  when  they  overlap;  quin- 
cunxial,  if  two  parts  are  inside,  two  outside  and  one  intermediate;  vexillary,  if  one  petal 
inwraps  the  other  parts;  plicate,  if  the  tubular  corolla  or  calyx  is  folded  lengthwise;  and 
supervolute,  if  the  folds  are  wrapped  around  each  other  in  one  direction. 

407 


^. 


CULTiVATION  AND  AXALVSIS   OF  PLANTS. 


FLOWERS. 

OOKIXG  at  flowers  from  the  technical,  scientific  standpoint,  they  are 
the  whole  aggregate  of  the  organs  of  reproduction;  sesthetically  they 
are  the  crowning  glory  of  the  plant;  and  familiarly,  the  bloom  or 
blossom,  the  part  for  which  alone  most  plants  are  cultivated.  The 
chief  parts  of  the  flower  are  the  Calyx,  Corolla,  Stamen,  Pistil,  Peri- 
carp, Seed,  Receptacle  and  Nectary. 
Caljx,  from  the  Greek  through  the  Latin,  denoting  a  cup,  is  the  outer 
covering  or  leaf-like  envelope  of  the  flower,  mostly  green,  but  at  times  colored ; 
it  enfolds  the  bud  before  it  is  fully  in  bloom,  and  afterward  generally'  surrounds 
tlie  blossom  loosely.  Its  chief  use  apparently  is  to  support  and  protect  the  fine 
inner  parts  by  its  greater  consistency ;  it  was  considered  by  Linnssus  to  be  the 
continuation  of  the  outer  bark,  performing  the  same  service  to  the  bud  as  the  bark  does  to 
the  stem.  The  calyx  varies  much;  it  is  sometimes  double,  as  in  the  Flax  (49),  and  at 
others  is  a  mere  ring  which  afterward  becomes  the  down,  as  in  the  Teasel  (50). 

Corolla,  an  abbreviated  form  of  the  Latin  corofiilla,  a  little  crown,  comprises  the 
leaves  of  the  flower  proper,  or  blossom,  within  the  calyx.  These  leaves  are  called  petals, 
and  are  usually  as  many  as  the  sepals  of  the  calyx.  When  the  petals  are  all  of  the  same 
size  and  shape,  the  corolla  is  called  regular,  as  in  the  Silene  (51);  and  this  regular  corolla 
maybe  salver-shaped,  as  in  the  Lychnis  (52);  funnel-shaped,  as  in  the  Primrose  (53); 
wheel-shaped,  as  in  the  Holly  (54);  bell-shaped,  as  in  the  Bellflower  (55);  trumpet-shaped, 
as  in  the  Convolvulus  (56).  Other  corollas  are  termed  irregular,  as  when  the  petal  is 
only  one,  but  divided  into  lobes;  if  the  lobes  are  open,  it  is  called  gaping,  as  in  the 
Mint  (57);  if  closed,  personate  or  masked,  as  in  the  Snapdragon  (58);  when  there  are  four 
petals  placed  crosswise,  the  corolla  is  called  cruciferous,  as  in  the  Radish  (59) ;  papiliona- 
ceous, or  butterfy-shaped,  when  there  are  five  rudely  resembling  a  butterfly,  as  in  the 
Pea  (60). 

When  the  calyx  and  corolla  are  not  readily  distinguishable,  the  whole  corresponding 
part  that  encircles  the  stamens  and  pistils  is  called  perianth,  from  two  Greek  words:  peri, 
around,  and  anthos,  a  flower.  Sometimes  this  word  is  used  by  preference,  and  said  to  be 
double  when  the  calyx  and  corolla  are  both  present  and  clearly  distinguishable.  Some 
flowers  have  neither  calyx  nor  corolla,  as  in  the  Equisetum  (61). 

Stamen,  from  the  Greek  through  the  Latin,  signifying  the  warp,  and  this  from  its 
standing  or  upright  property,  denotes  one  of  the  small  organs,  of  which  there  are 
generally  several,  that  stand  around  the  center  of  the  perianth,  as  in  the  Coreopsis  (62),  and 
in  most  flowers.  They  comprise  the  j^Vawew/,  or  thread-like  (sometimes  awl-like),  upright 
portion,  and  the  ai/tkcr,  or  flower  proper,  which  is  the  part  essential  to  reproduction,  and 
contains  the  tine  w  bite,  yellow  or  black  dust  called  pollen,  or  fertilizing  matter.  The 
filaments  arc  sometimes  in  bundles,  as  in  the  St.  Johnswort  (63),  and  at  others  form  a 
hollow  tube,  as  in  the  Mallows  (64);  the  anthers  are  sometimes  free  when  standing  sepa- 
rately (63),  or  united  into  a  ring,  as  in  the  Dandelion  (65). 

Pistil,  from  the  Latin  denoting  a  pestle,  is  the  central  part  and  seed-bearing  organ 
of  the  flower,  as  in  the  Anagallis  (66);  and  comprises  three  parts:  the  ovary  {a),  the  hol- 

408 


UTRUCTURE    OF  PLA.\TS. 


% 


low  case  or  pod  containing  the  rudimentary  seeds  called  ovules;  the  style,  or  column  {b), 
wanting  in  certain  flowers,  which  bears  aloft  the  third  part,  known  as  the  stigma  (c). 
This  is  the  extreme  viscous  tip  of  the  flower,  and  is  exposed  on  all  sides  for  the  reception 
of  the  impregnating  pollen  from  the  encircling  stamens.  Sometimes  an  ovary  has  several 
styles  and  stigmas,  when  the  pistil  is  called  compound,  and  each  part  a  carpel,  as  in  the 
Blackberry  (67).  Some  flowers  have  only  stamens,  while  others  of  the  same  plant  have 
only  pistils  as  in  the  Cucumber  (68),  and  as  those  alone  that  have  pistils  produce  seed,  they 
are  called ycr/-/«7e,  while  those  possessing  stamens  only  are  designated  barren.  Again,  the 
pistils  and  stamens  are  sometimes  to  be  found  only  in  different  plants  of  the  same  species, 
as  in  the  Willow  (69).  When  in  different  flowers  of  the  same  plant,  ihev  are  called 
monoecious,  from  two  Greek  words  meaning  single-housed,  as  in  the  Cucumber;  when  in 
different  plants,  they  are  termed  dicecious,  or  two-housed,  as  in  the  Willows.  When  the 
ovary  is  above  the  base  of  the  perianth,  it  is  termed  superior,  as  in  the  Purslane  (70); 
when  below,  as  in  the  Roses,  it  is  called  inferior. 

Pericarp  (from  the  Greek  peri,  around,  and  karpos,  fruit),  or  seed-vessel,  is  the 
case,  pod  or  covering  of  the  seed  or  seeds  of  a  plant,  the  enlarged  anil  ripened  ovary, 
which  with  the  enclosed  seeds  constitutes  the  fruit.  It  presents  various  forms  in  different 
plants,  as  the  capsule  in  the  Purslane  (71),  the  silique  in  the  common  Mustard  (72),  the 
silicic  or  capsella,  a  short  pod  (72),  in  the  Shepherd's  Purse,  the  legume  or  long  pod  in 
the  Bean  (73),  the  berry  in  the  Currant  (74),  the  nut  in  the  Hazel  (75),  the  drupe  in  the 
Hawthorn  (76),  and  the  cone  in  the  Pine  (77).  Fruits  ms  Jleshy  when  the  seeds  are  en- 
circled by  a  juicy,  pulpy  substance,  as  in  the  Apple,  the  Pear,  the  Melon  and  many  others. 
Stone-fruits  is  the  name  given  to  those  in  which  the  pulpy  matter  incloses  tlie  hard,  horny 
substance,  or  "  stone,"  which  covers  the  seed.  They  are  called  dry  fruits  when  the  seed- 
vessel  does  not  become  juicy  or  pulpy,  but  is  a  mere  husk  or  dry  covering,  as  in  Wheat, 
the  Five-finger,  the  Ground  Cherry,  etc. 

Seed. — This  is  the  portion  destined  to  reproduce  the  plant,  and  is  itself  the  result  of 
the  action  between  the  stamens  and  the  pistil,  indicated  above.  The  stigma  receives  the 
pollen,  which  is  conveyed  through  the  style  to  the  ovary,  where  it  comes  in  contact  with 
the  ovules,  j^roducing  the  seed  that  in  due  time  arrives  at  the  maturity  necessary  to  repro- 
duce the  plant  according  to  its  kind.  When  the  plumule  or  embryo  plant  is  enclosed  in  a 
seed  of  two  cotyledons,  it  is  styled,  from  the  Greek,  dicotyledonous,  that  is,  having  two 
lobes,  as  in  the  Bean  (78),  when  in  one,  it  is  monocotyledonous,  as  in  the  common  Grasses 
or  Sugar-cane;  and  when  there  is  no  apparent  nourishing  seed-lobe,  it  is  called  acotyle- 
donous,  as  in  the  Ferns. 

Receptacle  is  the  top  of  the  stem,  or  apex  of  the  flowerstalk,  from  which  the 
organs  of  the  flower  spring,  and  into  which  thcv  may  therefore  be  conceived  as  gathered 
or  inserted,  whence  the  name.  It  is  conical  (79),  as  in  the  Obeliscaria,  chaffy  (So),  as 
in  the  Thistle,  or  bristly,  as  in  the  Cactus  (81),  and  is  the  part  on  which  the  other  portions 
of  the  flower  rest,  as  in  the  Scabious  (82). 

Nectary  is  a  term  applied  to  any  of  the  organs  which  may  happen  to  contain  nectar, 
that  is,  the  sweet  secretions  from  the  plants.  The  nectary  of  the  Crown  Imperial 
comprises  a  number  of  cells  around  the  center  of  the  flower,  while  in  the  Crowfoot  it  is  a 
scale  at  the  base  of  the  petals  (S3). 

'1 . ..^^ 


r 


CULTIVATION  AND   ANALISIS    OF  PLANTS. 


=S5 
1 


ily  IFFERENCES  in  the  mode  of  flowering  or  in  the  crcneral  arrange- 
?nt  of  the  blossoms  along  the  stem  or  branches,  mark  the  various 
'•^J"  "  forms  of  inflorescence.  When  the  flower  that  terminates  the  axis 
.'l^r  opens  first,  and  the  others  in  the  order  of  their  nearness  to  this  one,  the 
iflorescence  is  called  determinate,  definite,  or  centrifugal,  as  in  the 
^Wv^  ' "  Hydrangea.  When  this  order  is  reversed,  and  the  first  flower  to  bloom 
is  the  one  farthest  from  the  terminal  one,  this  being  the  very  last,  the  inflo- 
rescence is  said  to  be  indeterminate,  indefinite,  ox  centripetal,  as  in  the  Gladiolus. 
In  a  few  genera  the  inflorescence  partakes  of  both  peculiarities,  and  is  called 
mixed,  as  in  the  Teasel,  and  also  the  Llati'is,  familiarly  designated  Blazing  Star. 
Flowers,  like  buds,  are  known  as  terminal  when  they  appear  at  the  end  of  the 
stem,  as  in  the  Parnassia  (S);  iv/iorled,  when  grouped  around  the  stem  in  a  circle,  as 
in  the  Mint;   and  axillary,  when  at  the  axils,  as  in  the  Pentstemon  (45). 

The  flowerstalk,  when  common  to  the  whole  cluster,  is  called  a  fed  uncle,  the  indi- 
vidual stalk  of  each  separate  flower  being  a  pedicel,  as  in  the  Cardamine  (47).  When 
the  peduncle  bears  a  single  flower,  the  inflorescence  is  called  simple,  as  in  the  Morning 
Glory  (56).  When  the  peduncle  with  its  flower  springs  directly  from  the  root  of  the 
plant,  the  inflorescence  is  called  a  scape,  as  in  the  English  Primrose  (84);  and  when 
it  has  several  flowers  placed  one  above  another  and  sessile  (that  is,  without  pedicels),  it  is 
called  a  spike,  as  in  the  Veronica  spicata  (85),  or  spadix,  which  is  a  fleshy  variety  of  the 
spike,  as  in  the  vSpiranthus;  raceme,  where  each  flower  of  a  cluster  has  its  own  pedicel 
arranged  along  a  lengthened  axis,  as  in  the  Canadian  Milk- Vetch  (86);  panicle,  or 
branched  cluster,  where  each  pedicel  (itself  a  branch  of  the  peduncle)  again  branches,  as 
in  the  Stellaria  (87);  corymb,  where  the  lower  flowers  are  on  longer  stalks,  the  inter- 
mediate on  shorter,  and  the  top  ones  nearly  or  quite  sessile,  as  in  the  Mountain  Ash  (88); 
cyme,  where  the  stalks  are  irregularly  branched,  but  the  flowers  are  nearly  le^-el  at  the 
top,  as  in  the  Dogwood  (89);  a  fascicle  is  a  cyme  with  the  flowers  crowded  into  a  bundle, 
whence  the  name,  as  in  the  .Sweet  A\'illiam;  a  t;-loiiicriilc  is  a  dense,  compact  cyme  resem- 
bling a  head,  as  in  the  Cocklebur;  iindn-l,  where  the  flower-stalks  spring,  like  so  many 
umbrella  ribs,  from  a  common  center,  and  rise  to  about  the  same  height,  each  bearing 
its  flower,  as  in  the  Milkweed  (90);  when,  as  sometimes  happens,  there  is  a  smaller  umbel 
on  each  pedicel,  instead  of  a  single  flower,  the  inflorescence  is  called  a  compound  umbel, 
as  in  the  Carrot  (91);  when  crowded  in  a  dense  mass  and  sessile,  it  is  called  a  head,  as 
in  the  Button-bush  (92);  a  catkin,  or  ament,  is  a  spike  enclosed  in  a  deciduous  scale,  as  in 
the  Hazel  (93) ;  a  fliyrsus  is  a  compact  panicle  of  pyramidal  shape,  as  a  bunch  of  grapes 
or  the  cluster  of  the  Lilac. 


i! 


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-T^ 


Bitisinns  of  l^|p  '^pgpfflfilp  Kingbora. 


lUui  illy  tclt  by  all  amateur  cultiiiists  in  the 
LtiMc  kinj^dom.  Ages  before  the  knowledge 
d    nito  the  complete  science  called   botany, 


RE  VT  mtei 
dniMonsot 
ot    pi  nils  di 

cLit  nil  icl  itionships  lud  affinities  were  known  to  exist  between 
m  un  ol  them,  but  the  formal  distribution  into  the  subjoined 
di\  isions  and  subdl^  isions  is  a  comparatively  recent  addition, 
and  has  been  adopted  by  scholars  for  the  purpose  of  placing 
btfoie  the  mmd  \n  a  clear  and  methodical  manner  the  various 
degiees  of  relationship  that  exist  between  plants.  An  exhaustive 
enumeiation  in  the  piestnt  state  of  botanical  science  embraces 
the  following  twehe  heads:  Series  or  Subkingdom,  Class, 
Subcliss,  Oidei  oi  F  imih',  Suborder,  Tribe,  Subtribe,  Genus, 
Subgenus  or  Section,  Species,  Race,  and  Variety. 

To  aid  the  student  of  floriculture  in  forming  a  clearer  con- 
ception of  the  arrangement,  relationship  and  subordination  of 
tliL  dilkient  membeis  of  this  distribution,  the  whole  vegetable  kingdom  might  be  likened 
to  the  a\  ailable  \\  ai  foices  of  the  United  .States.  The  Series  would  correspond  to  the 
military  as  distinct  from  the  naval,  and  vice  versa/  Class,  to  the  regular  army  as  distinct 
from  volunteers,  or  the  reverse;  Subclass,  to  the  "Army  of  the  Potomac,"  or  the  like; 
Order,  to  army  corps;  Suborder  to  division;  Tribe,  to  a  brigade  with  its  full  complement 
of  cavalry,  artillery  and  infantry;  Subtribe,  to  the  more  usual  incomplete  brigade  of  two 
or  three  regiments;  Genus,  to  a  regiment;  Subgenus,  to  a  battalion;  Species,  to  a  com- 
panv;  Race,  to  a  company  of  infantry  as  distinct  from  one  of  cavalry;  and  Variety,  to 
the  same  companv  with  the  shades  of  difference  arising  from  the  variation  in  numbers, 
discipline,  or  any  other  minor  feature  —  for  instance,  Company  A,  as  differing  from  Com- 
pany B  in  any  one  or  several  of  these  respects. 

In  this  methodical  arrangement  it  will  be  noticed  that  the  Variety,  a  subdivision  of  the 
Species,  is  the  lowest  term,  as  the  individual  plant  does  not  obtain  an  individual  name. 
The  Species  is  designated  by  the  name  of  the  Genus  to  which  it  belongs,  with  a  distin- 
guishing epithet,  usually  an  adjective,  added  to  denote  the  peculiar  characteristic  (or  what 
it  has  been  agreed  to  consider  such)  of  each  particular  .Species.  Thus  in  Rosa  moschata, 
or  Musk  Rose,  Rosa  represents  the  Genus  Rose;  and   moschata,  a  Latinized  version  of 

411 


m^ 


=^ ,xr^'tg- 

CULTIVATION  AND  ANALYSIS   OF  PLANTS. 

musk  in  the  adjective  form,  or  musky,  denotes  the  characteristic  distinction  of  the  Species. 
Hence  it  is  not  strictly  correct  to  say  that  such  a  name  corresponds  to  that  of  an  indi- 
vidual, as  Publius  Cornelius  Scipio;  but  it  would  be  allowable  to  compare  it  with  Cor- 
nelius Scipio  —  Cornelius,  the  gens,  or  clan,  and  Scipio,  the  family  name  within  the  clan  — 
if,  like  the  Romans,  we  lived  in  a  state  of  society  where  these  constituted  a  recognized 
division  of  the  community.  The  Variety  is  further  distinguished  by  one  or  more  addi- 
tional epithets,  adjectives  or  names  of  persons,  subjoined  to  the  name  of  the  Species  to 
which  it  belongs,  as  the  Fragai'ia  Virginiana  Illinoensis  —  the  Illinois  Variety  of  the  Spe- 
cies of  Strawberry  known  as  the  Virginian. 

What  these  various  terms  imply  will  now  be  explained  more  in  detail,  taking  for  this 
purpose  the  foregoing  divisions,  as  used  by  most  modern  writers  on  floriculture,  and  in  an 
inverse  ordei",  beginning  with  the  most  restricted:  * 

Variety. — By  this  term  is  meant  such  a  group  within  the  same  Species  as  is  marked  in 
all  its  individuals  by  some  striking  peculiarities,  and  often  so  as  to  create  a  doubt  whether 
it  does  not  constitute  a  distinct  Species. 

Subspecies,  or  Race. — Where  the   marks  of  the  Variety  are  regularly  propagated. 

Species  is  an  aggregate  of  such  individual  j^lants,  or  varieties  of  plants,  as  agree 
in  common  attributes  and  characteristics,  and  which  aic  designated  by  the  same  distin- 
guishing epithet,  as  the  Rosa  moschata,  already  explained. 

The  Species  of  plants  have  been  esilnuted,  ami  pn.liably  within  bounds,  as  high  as 
one  hundred  and  twenty  thousand,  of  which  nearly  four  thousand  belong  to  our  own 
country,  east  of  the  Mississippi.  The  more  conserwative  estimates  of  earlier  botanists, 
putting  the  number  at  about  sixty  thousand,  will  therefore  have  to  be  abandoned;  the 
moi-e,  as  new  discoveries  are  being  perpetually  made. 

Subgenus,  or  Section,  is  used  by  some  botanists  to  denote  such  collections  of  certain 
Species  as  are  more  nearly  allied  to  each  other  than  the  other  plants  of  the  same  Genus. 

Genus. — This  embraces  all  the  various  Species  that  bear  a  strong  resemblance  to 
each  other,  hut  diflfer  in  the  shape  or  general  pro]3ortion  of  their  parts;  thus  the  various 
Species  of  the  Roses  belong  to  one  Genus. 

Tribe  and  Subtribe  are  subdivisions  of  the  Suborder  in  some  elaborate  systems  of 
classification. 

Suborder. — For  convenience  of  treatment,  and  because  of  important  differences,  an 
Order  is  often  subdivided  into  three  or  four  Sul)cjr(lers,  each  embracing  several  Genera,  as, 
for  instance,  the  Order  Rosacea  into  the  Almond  or  IMum,  the  Pear,  and  the  Rose  proper. 

Order  comprehends  many  Genera  broadly  resembling  one  another,  as  in  having 
their  flowers  and  seeds  constructed  on  the  same  plan,  but  with  very  striking  differences  in 
important  features.  Thus  the  Order  Rosacea,  or  Rose  family,  embraces  not  only  Roses 
proper,  but  .Strawberries,  Blackberries,  Apples,  Pears,  etc. 

Subclass,  or  Alliance,  is  a  subdivision  of  the  Class,  and  embraces  several  Orders. 

Class. — This  is  a  still  broader  grouping  or  aggregation  of  plants,  comprising  \arious 
Orders  that  resemble  each  other  in  some  few  important  features. 

Series,  or  Subkingdom,  is  the  first  grand  division  of  the  vegetable  kingdom,  and 
embraces  all  such  classes  as  are  not  radically  so  very  different  as  to  refuse  to  be  grouped 
together  because  of  their  most  essential  properties,  such  as  flowering  or  not  flowering. 

m^ '- ^.5» 


li 


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1 


^-"-<:>^^ 


-^i^VS!" 


^^%hm%  of  (Jiflssifiration. 


I 

>;//: 


•as  that  first    invented   a  system  of  classification   of 

i  uncertain.     Since  the  days  when  Solomon,  king  of 

Israel,    "spake   of    trees    from    the    Cedar    tree    that    is    in 

Lebanon   even   unto  the   Hyssop  that  springeth  out  of  the 

wall;"  or   those  of  Zoroaster,  who  is  said  to    have  taught 

that  the  primeval  creative  power  called  forth  from  the  blood 

of    the    sacred    Isiiill    120,000    forms    of   plants;    or    earlier 

if  the   reader  wishes,  since   the   time  when   primitive 

began  first  to  observe  and  \\  undci  at   liis  surroundings, 

the  present  hour,  the  glory  of  the  vegetable  creation 

necessarily    excited    his    admiration.      The    Chaldaean 

t'i  ^H'  '     '•'    shepherds,  who  are  credited  with  the  discovery  of  astron- 

£]  SK'  "   ■        '""yj    through     their    undisturbed     contemplation    of     the 

"  -^"V '  "  tlowers  of  heaven,"  could  not  have  been  entirely  unmind- 

•  >  till  of  the  "  stars  of  earth,  the  beautiful  flowers." 
74-266),  a  Greek  philosopher  and  pupil  of  Aristotle,  wrote  a 
"History  of  Plants,"  and  a  work  "On  the  Causes  of  Plants,"  which  evince  not  a  little 
knowledge  of  the  organs  and  physiology  thereof.  Pliny  the  Elder  (a.  d.  23-79),  in  his 
great  compilation,  the  "  Thirty-seven  Books  of  Histories  of  Nature,"  gives  many  curious 
bits  of  information  in  reference  to  about  one  thousand  plants.  Dioscorides,  who  flourished 
about  one  hundred  years  later,  described  five  hundred  plants;  and  his  work  is  lemarkable 
as  being  the  source  of  much  of  the  terminology  still  used  in  our  hooks  on  floriculture. 

Scientific  botany,  however,  owes  its  rise  to  the  revival  of  letters  in  the  ■-ixteenth 
century.  Otto  Brunfels  (1464-1534)  is  considered  the  first  among  the  moderns  to  attempt 
a  classification  of  plants.  Andrea  Cesalpino  {1519-1603),  Italian  physician  and  botanist, 
was  perhaps  the  first  to  establish  a  natural  svstem  of  classification.  Robert  Morison 
(1620-S3),  a  Scottish  physician  and  botanist,  separated  plants  into  woody  and  herbaceous, 
and  divided  them  into  eighteen  classes.  John  Ray  (1628-1705),  English  botanist,  sepa- 
rated flowering  from  flowerless  plants,  and  subdivided  the  former  into  monocotyledonous 
and  dicotyledonous  plants.  A.  Q.  Rivinus  (1653-1723),  a  Saxon  anatomist  and  botanist, 
published,  in  1690,  a  system  based  on  the  differences  of  the  corolla.  J.  P.  de  Tournefort 
(1656- 1 708),  French  botanist,  described  about  eight  thousand  species  in  twenty-two  classes, 
the  classification  being  based  mainly  on  the  differences  in  the  corolla. 

4'3 


CVLTlVATloy  AXD  ANALYSIS    OF  PLANTS. 


^RTIFICI^VL  SY^STEM  OF  LI^^^^ITJS. 

The  s_vstem  of  LiiiniPus  (i 707-1 778),  comprised  twcntv-tbur  classes,  distinguished  from 
each  other  b}^  certain  external  peculiarities,  relating  to  the  stamens  and  pistils,  which  were 
exJDressed  by  equivalent  Greek  compound  words,  and  is  therefore  called  artificial.  Though 
superseded  by  the  natural  systems  of  more  recent  botanists,  it  still  possesses  both  interest 
and  value,  as  much  of  the  terminology  of  Linnsus  has  been  permanently  ingrafted  on 
botanical  science.  Among  other  things,  he  was  author  of  the  binomial  system  of  naming 
plants  bv  the  genus  and  specific  characteristic.     This  system  is  as  follows: 


Monandi 
Diandrin 


TWENTY- FOUR   CLASSES. 

ith  one  stamen. 


li  ci'^lit  stamens. 
itli  nine  -tamens. 


PH/ENOGAMOUS 
("APPARENT 
MARRIAGE  "1; 

WITH  STAMENS 

AND  PISTILS 

MANIFEST- 

FLOWERING 

PLANTS. 


10.  Decandria,  with  ten  -tamens.       1 

11.  Dodeeandiia,  ele\  en  to  nineteen] 

(literally,  twelve)  -tanuiis. 

12.  Icosandii.i,  witli  twenty  or  more 

stamens,  adhering  to  calyx. 

13.  Polyandria,  with  twenty  or  more 

staniens,adhering  to  receptacle^ 

14.  Didynamia,  "  two  with  power;" 

two  long    and  two  short  sta-/  St.\mens, 
mens. 

15.  Tetradvnamia,  "  four  with  po 

er ; ""  tour  long  and  two  short\   Length 
stamens. 


16.  Monadelphia,  "  single  brotherhood,"  that  i 

with  filaments  in  one  bundle. 

17.  Diadelphia,  "  double  brotherhood,"  with  fil; 

ments  in  two  bundles. 
iS.    Polyadelphia,    "many   brotherhoods,"    with/  Joined  with 

filaments  in  more  than  two  bundles. 
19.    Syngenesia,  "  together  born,"  united  by  the \ 


anth( 
2.0.    Gvnandr 


21.  Moncecia,  "single-housed,"  in  the  same  pla 

22.  Dicecia,  "double-housed,"  in  two  plants. 

23.  Polygamia,  "  polygainous,"  in  one,  or  two. 


Unequal 


EACH  OTHER 


more  than  two  plant 


CRYPTOGAMOUS 
PLANTS;  STAMENS  \ 

1N™T-      )-'■   COTtogamia,  "concealed 

FLOWERLESS      / 
PLANTS.  1 


image." 
4H 


% 


Sl'STEMS   OF   CLASS/FIC.iriU.X. 


TWENTY- SIX   ORDERS. 

The  foregoing  twenty-four  Classes  were  subdivided  into  twenty-six  Orders,  accord- 
ing to  the  number  of  pistils  or  distinct  stigmata,  as  far  as  the  twelfth  order,  inclusive; 
and  above  that  the  differences  were  founded  on  other  peculiarities.  It  is  not  to  be  unikr- 
stood  that  each  Class  had  twenty-six  subdivisions  known  as  Orders,  but  that  this  distribu- 
tion formed  a  basis  for  thus  distinguishing  as  many  Orders  as  might  be  found  bj-  actual 
observation.  The  Class  twelve  or  thirteen,  for  instance,  might  be  comprehensive  enough 
to  give  scope  for  the  elaborate  subdivision  into  twenty-six  Orders,  while  most  others 
would   seldoiii    reach   beyond   five,   and   many  might  lia\e  only  one,  two  or  three.     The 


Monogjnia,  with  one  pistil. 

Digvnia,  with  two  pistils. 

Trigynia,  with  three  pistils. 

Tetragynia,  w^ilh  four  pistils. 

Pentagynia,  with  five  pistils. 

He.\agynia,  with  six  pistils. 

Heptagynia,  with  seven  pistils. 

Octogynia,  with  eight  pistils. 

Enneagynia,  with  nine  pistils. 

Decagynia,  with  ten  pistils. 

Dodecagynia,  with  twelve  pistils. 

Polygynia,  with  many  pistils. 

Gymnospermia,  with  naked  seeds. 

Angiospermia,  with  covered  seeds. 

Siliquosa,  with  seeds  in  siliques,  or  long  pods, 

Siliculosa,  with  seeds  in  silicles,  or  short  pods 


Monogamia,  having  some  florets  with  stamens 
and  others  with  pistils. 

Polygamia  equalis,  all  florets  having  stamens 
and  pistils. 

Polygamia  segregata,  eacli  floret  having  a  sepa- 
rate calyx. 

Moncecia,  having  stamens  and  pistils  on  sepa- 


;  plant, 
and    pistils   on 


rate  flowers  of  the  s 
DioEcia,    having   stam 

plants. 
Trioecia,  having  stamens  and   jiistils  on  three 

plants. 
Filices,  Ferns. 
Musci,  Mosses. 
Hepaticae,  Liverworts. 
Alga;  and  Fungi,  Seaweeds,  Lichens,  Funguses. 


J<rj^TTJItJLL   ORnERS  OJT  LIKNJEVS. 

No  one  was  more  sensible  of  the  need  of  a  natural  classification  of  plants  than  the 
distinguished  author  of  this  artificial  system,  who  declared  that  a  method  of  classification, 
based  on  the  true  intrinsic  differences  of  plants,  was  "  the  first  and  last  desideratum  in 
botany;"  and  he  accordingly  busied  himself  in  arranging  such  a  method,  leaving  as  his 
contribution  in  that  direction  the  following  fifty-eight  families: 


1.  Palma;  — Palms. 

2.  PiperitiE  —  Arums. 

3.  Calamari;E  —  Sedges. 

4.  Gramineie  —  Grasses. 

5.  Tripetaloide^  —  Rushes. 

6.  Ensatae  —  Sword-leaved,  as  the  Iris. 

7.  Orchidere  —  Orchids. 

S.  Scitamineae  —  Dainty  plants,  as  the  Banana. 

9.  Spathacere  —  Sheathed,  as  the  Narcissus, 

10.  Coronariaf  —  Crown-bearing,  as  the  Lily  Family 


Sarmentace^  —  Runner-bearing,  as  the  Straw- 
berry. 

Moloracea;  —  Whole-rooted,  as  the  Goosefoot. 

Succulentse  —  Succulent,  as  the  Purslane. 

Gruinales  —  Crane-bill,  as  the  Geranium. 

Inundatse  —  Pond-weeds,  as  the  Potomageton. 

Calyciflora-— Where  the  calyx-tube  enclo-ses 
the  ovary,  as  the  Oleaster. 

Calvcanthem^  —  With  the  stamens  inserted  in 
the  throat  of  the  calyx,  as  the  Melastomas. 


^^ 


fr^^ 


CULTIVATION  AND  AN  ALTS  IS   OF  PLANTS. 


Bicornes  —  Two-horned;    where  the   pollen    is  40. 
discharged  by  two  pores  or  tubes,  as  in  the 

Heath  and  Cranberry.  41- 

Hesperidae  —  Myrtles.  42. 

Rotacese — Wheel-form,  as  the  Anagallis. 

Precis  —  Primroses.  43- 

Caryophylles  —  Pinks.  44. 

Trihilatie  — Maples. 

Corvdales  —  Tufted,  as  the  Futnitory.  45. 

Putamineic  —  Pod-like-fruited,  as  the  Caper.  46. 

MultisiliquK—  Many-podded,  as  the  Hellebore.  47. 

Rhoeadepe  —  Soothing,  as  the  Poppy.  48. 

LuridiE  —  Lurid,  as  the  Nightshade.  49; 

CampanacefE  —  Bell-like,  as  the  Beliflower. 

Contortae  —  Twisted  back,  as  the  Milkweed.  50. 

Vepreculs  —  Bushy,  as  the  Daphne.  51. 

Papilionaceie  —  Butterfly-shaped,  as  the  Pea.  52. 

Lomentacese — With  jointed  pods,  as  the  Cassia. 

Cucurbitacea;  — Curved,  as  the  Gourd.  53. 

SenticosjE  —  Thorny,  as  the  Rose.  54. 

Pomaceie  —  Apple. 

Columniferae  —  Column-like,  as  the  Mallow.  55. 

Tricoccere  —  Three-kernelod,  as  the  .Spurge.  56. 

Siliquosa-  — With  long  pods,  as  the  Mustard;  57. 

same  as  Crucifera',  or  Tetradvnamia.  58. 


PersonatiE  —  Masked,  as  the  Snapdragon;  near- 
ly same  as  Didynamia  Angiospermia. 

Asperifolise  —  Rough-leaved,  as  the  Borage. 

Verticillatie  —  Whorled,  as  the  Holly;  nearly 
equivalent  to  Didynamia  Gymnospermia. 

DumosiE  —  Swelling,  as  the  Viburnum. 

Sepiariie  —  With  seeds  hedged  in,  as  the  Jas- 
mine. 

Umbellata;  — Umbrella-like,  as  the  Parsley. 

Hederacese  —  Ivy. 

StellatiE  —  Star-like,  as  the  Madder. 

AggregatiE  —  Scale-like,  as  the  Scabious. 

Compositoe  —  With  massed  flowers,  as  the  Sun- 
flower. 

Amentacea?  —  With  catkins,  as  the  Willow. 

Conifera;  —  Cone-bearing,  as  the  Fir. 

Coadunata;  —  United  at  the  base,  as  the  Mag- 
nolia. 

Scabrida;  —  Rough,  as  the  Nettle. 

Miscellaneoe  —  Miscellaneous  flowering  plants 
not  embraced  in  the  foregoing. 

Filices  —  Ferns. 

Musci  —  Mosses. 

AlgiB  —  Seaweeds. 

Fungi  —  Funguses. 


.» 


\^^4  TZ^RJVL   S  YS  TEMS. 

e  recent  botani.sts  have  developed  various  natural  systems  of  clas- 
sification, based  on  the  internal  affinities  and  essential  properties  of 
plants.  One  of  the  great  advantages  derivable  from  such  methods 
is  the  bringing  together  into  the  same  groups  the  plants  that  approach 
I  nearest  to  each  other  in  structural  characteristics.  The}-  are  of  course 
more  philosophical  than  the  artificial  methods,  vv'hich  depended  mainly 
onoutv^rard  similarities;  but  the  final  determination  of  the  numerous  divisions 
and  subdivisions  of  the  vegetable  kingdom,  and  the  most  appropi-iate  nomen- 
clature, has  not  yet  been  reached.  The  investigations  of  specialists  are  con- 
tinually bringing  to  light  new  peculiarities,  or  differences  that  had  escaped  the 
notice  of  earlier  observers.  And  hence  every  new  writer  on  botany  devises  a 
method  which  is  assumed  to  be  an  improvement  on  what  preceded  him. 
distinguished  native  botanist.  Dr.  Asa  Gray,  of  Harvard  University,  whose  ele- 
mentary works  on  botany  ha-\e  been  declared  by  competent  criticism  to  be  "  unsurpassed 
in  the  language  for  precision,  simplicity,  perspicuity  and  cornprehensiveness,"  has  formed  a 
very  elaborate  system,  mainly  natural,  but  with  a  slight  admixture  of  the  artificial  method. 
The  following  table,  showing  a  natural  system,  has  been  constructed,  mainly  from  the 
"Genera  Plantarum"  of  the  late  Austro-Hungarian  botanist,  Stephen  Ladi.slaus  Endlicher: 

416 


Our 


% 


J 


^^T 

^ 

t 


:):s77;.u.s  of  classif/cat/ox. 


1 


m^-. 


1  Protophyta  (first-born J 
t  First  in  the  economy  of  na 
ture,  thriving  without  soil 


>ture,  tnnving  wi 
deriving-  tlieir  gr 
J  the  sea  or  air. 


Hystekophyta  (late-born) : 


mains  of  the  Protophyt;x. 

Anophvta  (upward-borr 
Of  a  still  higher  grade  th: 
■the    foregoing   sections, 
called  because  of  a  tendency 
to  upright  growth. 

AcROBRYA    (from   a 
top,  and  bntein,  to  spi 
-  Stem  growing  onlv  from  the 
top ;  the  same  as  'Acrr 
in  other  classifications. 


A.MPiiiBRYA  (from  amphi^ 
around,  and  brueiti, 
sprout):  With  the  stem 
•  rtaj^ing  or  growing  p" 
,.l„ricu!l.v,or«-hat,rnot 
~\--ii_-ms  of  classification,  is 
vn  as  the  Endogenous 


I  Naked  seeds. 


Turpentine-  vieldi 
Cranebill-like... 
Calyx -flowered  . 
M>Ttle-flowered 

Rose  bearing 

Leguminous   plai 


Dialypetahr  : 
With"  separati 
pet;Us:  equiva 
lent  to  the  polv 
petalous  of  th< 
other  systems. 


the   clas! 

grow  in  the  form  of  ;i 

rus,"  and  without  ai 


Flowerless  Plants 


I  of  .  L, 


fip^ 


"^t  Influrnrp  of  l^lorirulturp. 


I  CII  littiaiy  leave-takings  as  epilogues  and  Petivoys  have  grown 
111  >  ptihips  deserved  disuse:  for,  as  Shakespeare  says,  "A  good  play 
ntcds  no  tpilogue;"  yet,  before  taking  final  leave  of  a  work  that  has 
Lonstituted  the  delightful  labor  of  many  years,  and  bidding  good-bye, 
IS  It  weie,  to  the  thousands  of  human  beings  to  whom  the  book  will 
>ifloid  an  introduction,  the  author  would  fain  add  a  parting  woi'd  to 
.ntoice  the  incalculable  moral,  intellectual  and  sesthetic  value  of  flori- 
L  Science,  in  any  department  of  knowledge,  is  of  intrinsic  worth  to 
he  hum  ui  mind,  but  floriculture  is  eminently  instructive,  useful  and  agree- 
ible  It  ill  the  plants  of  the  v^'orld  were  of  one  shape,  size  and  color,  there 
Jl^^^  "would  iLsult  a  monotonous  imiformity  so  burdensome  to  our  imagination 
is  can  scaicely  be  conceived  in  the  presence  of  the  almost  infinite  variety  we 
now  enjoy.  Nature,  as  if  enticing  us  to  search  for  her  hidden  treasures,  has 
produced  many  woiidLvfiil  forms  so  different  from  each  other  that  our  curi- 
osity is  awakened  when  we  first  observe  some  unusual  product  of  her  handiwork; 
and,  thus  stimulated,  we  are  led  to  look  for  fresh  peculiarities,  and  to  push  our 
investigations  into  the  innumerable  recesses  of  the  vegetable  kingdom, 
researches  of  the  botanists  have  added  largely  to  our  list  of  food-plants,  and  ha\  e 
given  us  a  sure  guide  as  to  which,  among  the  many  varieties  of  edible  plants,  are  best 
adapted  to  supply  our  wants.  Indeed,  primitive  man  must  have  been  a  botanist  in  a 
small  way  when  he  first  discovered  that  plants  afforded  food  fit  for  his  use;  so  that  a  rude 
botany  must  have  been  the  first  science  cultivated  among  men.  The  first  step  toward 
civilization  was  therefore  made  by  each  wild  tribe  when,  with  some  uncouth  dibble,  or 
pointed  stick,  they  planted  the  first  seed  in  the  fruitful  earth;  and  the  cu!ti\  ation  of  plants, 
though  doubtless  long  confined  to  the  food-plants  only,  constltuteil  an  important  factor  in 
the  career  of  humanity  as  it  progressed  to  refinement.  Even  now,  when  man  has  reached 
the  greatest  height  yet  attained,  there  is  no  better  test  of  the  civilization  of  the  individual 
or  the  nation  than  the  degree  in  which  floriculture  has  become  a  fine  art.  So  the  ama- 
teur culturist  may  gather  confidence  from  the  thought  that  his  favorite  pursuit  is  the  first 
and  the  last  step  in  the  progress  of  civilization.  A  knowledge  of  the  healing  proper- 
ties of  plants  has  been  found  no  less  useful  by  physicians.  Indeed,  for  long  ages  the 
healing  art  was  entirely  confined  to  their  use;  and  Liebig  has  said  that  all  ordinary  dis- 
eases may  be  cured  or  averted  by  a  judicious  change  of  the  constituents  of  our  plant-food. 

418 


The 


i} 


Tin:  ixi-iA  i:x(E  of  iLoR/cri.iiRi-  ^\^^ 

All  outline  study  of  botany,  or  (what  is  sometimes  sulistituted  tor  this)  a  close  observa- 
tion of  nature,  is  necessary  in  most  of  the  arts  and  sciences.  The  graceful,  wavy,  curved 
lines  of  flowers,  leaves  and  fruits  form  an  important  feature  in  architectural  ornamentation,- 
as  well  as  in  the  minor  arls  of  cabinet-making,  engraving,  moldin-  and  the  like.  The 
e\(|uisitc  blending  of  colors  in  the  Howcrs  and  foliage  of  plants  fuinishcs  the  painter  \'\ith 
studies  which  he  may  imitate  but  cannot  surpass.  And  the  poets  ha\e  ever  been  indtlucd 
to  the  vegetable  kingdohi  for  some  of  their  happiest  flights  of  brilliant  fency. 

A  love  of  flowers  will  supply  a  praiseworthy  incentive  to  the  merchant,  clerk,  artisan 
or  laborer  to  leave  behind  him  the  smoke,  dust  and  discomfort  of  the  crowded  cit\ ,  awX 
bask  during  an  hour's  or  a  day's  leisure  in  the  invigorating  countr}-  air.  w  hilt'  he  tnlargcs 
his  stock  of  knowledge  by  investigations  that  gently  interest  but  do  not  o\  ei  tax  his  intel- 
lectual powers.  The  moralist  will  find  in  the  love  of  plants  and  flowers  a  helpful  hand- 
maiden to  religion  and  virtue;  even  the  mechanical  pursuit  of  the  mere  trade  of  gardener 
has  been  conducive  to  a  relatively  superior  morality,  and  freedom  from  crime.  Horace 
Mann  found  that  there  were  fewer  gardeners,  in  proportion  to  their  numbers,  than  of  any 
other  trade  or  calling  in  the  poorhouses  and  prisons  of  Great  Britain.  Floriculture 
has  also  an  acl\antaL;c  over  many  amateur  jnnsuits  in  the  cheapness  and  facilitv  with 
which  it  can  be  followed,  as  every  plant  may  be  regarded  as  an  unfolded  book,  and  every 
flower  an  attractixe  object-lesson,  while,  unlike  mechanics,  astronomy  or  chemlstr\,  it 
needs    no  expensive  working  apparatus.      Flowers  are  the  most  delightful  of  all  teachers. 

THE   USE  OF  FLOUEKS. 

God  might  have  bade  the  eartli  biiiii;  Ibrtli 

Enough  for  great  and  small, 
The  oak-tree  and  the  cedar-tree, 

Without  a  flower  at  all. 
We  might  have  had  enough,  enough 

For  every  Avant  of  ours. 
For  luxury,  medicine  and  toil. 

And  vet  have  had  no  flowers. 

Then  wherefore,  wherefore  were  they  made, 

All  dyed  with  rainbow  light. 
All  fashioned  with  .supremest  grace 

Upspringing  day  and  night: — 
Springing  in  valleys  green  and  low, 

And  on  the  mountains  high. 
And  in  the  silent  wilderness 

Where  no  man  passes  by.' 
Our  outward  life  requires  them  not; 

Then  wherefore  had  they  birth.' 
To  minister  delight  to  man, 

To  beautif\-  the  earth  ; 
To  comfort  man — to  whisper  life, 

Whene'er  his  faith  is  dim. 
For  who  so  careth  for  the  flowers 

-.U,„v  llo-.-ilt. 


FMOPEKTY  UtRAUr 


^^^  •' 


r^ 


"m 


"j(\^^^wkiv; 


T-7Ir^^7^ 


vl^ 


^Oihri  of-  ^  ml  i  men  I 


A  BELLE  —  Orchis,  227. 
Abruptness — Borage,  52. 
Absence — Wormwood,  322. 

A  CONSTANT  HEART Belltlowcr,  47 

Adulation  —  Cacalia.  63. 
A  c;iFT  —  Eutoca,  130. 
Agriculture  —  Medick,  20 v 
Allurement  —  Quince,  255. 
Always  delightful  —  Cineraria,  S(>. 
Ambition  —  HoUyhocli.  158. 
A  meeting  —  MusV;  Plant,  215. 
A  messenger  —  Iris,  173. 
Amiability — White  Jasmine,  175. 
Amid  nature's  beauties  —  Persinimci 
Anticipation  —  Anemone,  iS. 
Architecture  — Candytuft,  71. 
Artifice — Fennel  Flower,  133. 
A  SOUR  disposition  —  Berherrv,  ^.S. 
Asylum — Juniper,  176. 
A  trifling  character  —  Bladdenuit, 
Attachmf.nt  —  Ipomcea,  171. 
Austerity  — Thistle,  299. 
Authority  —  Yucca,  32?. 
Awakenin<;  i.ovr  — Lil.ac,  iSS. 

Baseness  —  Dodder,  115. 
Bashful  modesty  —  Sensitive  Plant,  : 
Beauty  in  retirement — Rhodora,  2 
Beloved  daughter  —  Potentilla,  250. 
Benevolence  —  Calycanthus,  68. 
Benefits  —  Spikenard,  2S2. 
Beneficence  —  Feverfew,  135. 
Beware  — Oleander,  223 
Blushes  —  Sweet  Marjoram,  201. 
Blushing  beauty  — Damask  Rose,  2C1 
Boasting — Hydrangea,  167. 
Bonds  of  love  —  Honeysuckle,  i6i. 
Bound  by  fate  —  Marsh  Andromeda. 
Bounty  — ]')ouble  China  Aster,  S3. 
Bravery  —  Lion's  Heart,  igi. 


Bri 


Poinsettia 


Calu.mny-  Hellebore,  156. 
Can  you  bear  poverty  —  Browallia 
Ch.vrms  —  Sweet  Balm,  38. 
Charms  —  Musk  Rose,  265. 
Chastity  —  Orange,  226. 
Cheerfulness  —  Spring  Crocus,  101 
Cheerfulness  in  old  .\ge — Aster, 
Chivalry  —  Daflbdil,  107. 
Cold-he.vrted — Lettuce,  187. 
Complaint  —  Ground  Pine,  150. 
Confession  —  Lavender,  1S5, 
Confidence  —  Geranium,  144. 
Consolation  —  Snowdrop,  277. 
Conquer  your  love  —  Asclepias,  27 
Contempt  —  Carnation,  75. 
Coquetry  —  Day  Lily,  113. 
Country  life  —  Oats,  222. 
Courtesy  —  Maurandia,  203. 
Cruelty  —  Marigold,  200. 
Curiosity  —  Walking  Fern,  134. 

Danger  —  Dragon's  Claw,  117. 
Death  —  Deadly  Nightshade,  114. 
Deceit  —  Adder's  Tongue,  2. 
Deceit — Venus's  Fly-trap,  309. 
Deceitful  Charms  —  Thorn  Apple 
Deception  —  Winter  Cherry,  320. 
Deceptive  appearances  —  Chestnu 
Declaration  of  love  —  Tulip,  3c/). 
Defense  —  Privet,  2-^2. 
Deformity —  Begonia,  46. 
Del.\y  —  Eupatorium,  12S. 
Delirium — Foxglove.  140. 
Departure  — Sweet  Pea,  234. 
Design  —  Dyer's  Weed,  119. 
Despair  —  Almond.  7. 
Detraction  —  Clothur,  89. 
Dexotion  —  Heliotrope.  155. 


,^ 


s^ 


I\DE.\    OF  .SH.\//MU.\"J\ 


1 


DiFFiciLTY  —  Thorn,  300. 

Diffidence  —  Cyclamen,  105. 

Dignity  — Dahlia,  108. 

Discretion  — Lemon  Blossom,  186. 

Distrust  —  Buttercup,  61. 

Does  he  possess  riches  —  Golden  Bartonia, 

Domestic  industry —  Flax.  137. 

Domestic  virtue  —  Sage,  269. 

Dreams  —  Osmunda,  221J. 

K ARLY  FRIENDSHIP  —  Periwinkle,  J37. 

Ecstasy —  Lophospermuni,  195. 

Elegance  —  Birch,  49. 

Eloquence  —  Crape  Myrtle,  100. 

Eloquence  —  Water  Lily,  316. 

Emulation  —  Asparagus,  29. 

Energy  —  Salvia,  270. 

Enjoyment  —  Ground  Ivy,  149. 

Enthusiasm  —  Gum  Tree,  151. 

Estimation  —  Indian  Mallow,  170. 

Eternity  —  Eternal  Flower,  127. 

Excessive  sensibility  —  Aspen,  30. 

Exhilaration  — Snowdrop  Tree,  278. 

Experience  —  Sarsaparilla,  271. 

Extent  —  Gourd,  147. 

Falsehood  —  Apocynum,  20. 

Fame  — Trumpet  Flower,  304. 

Fancy  —  Globe  Flower,  146. 

Farewell  —  Spruce,  2S3. 

Fate  —  Hemp,  157. 

Favor  —  Sassafras,  272. 

Fear — Arethusa,  24. 

Felicity  —  Sweet  Sultan,  293. 

Female  fidelity  —  Speedwell,  2S0. 

Female  loveliness — Justicia,  177. 

Feminine  beauty  —  Calla  Lily,  67. 

Festivity  —  Parsley,  232. 

Fickleness -Lady's  Slipper,  179. 

Fidelity  in  misfortune  —  Wallflower,  314. 

Filial  affection — Virgin's  Bower,  313. 

Fitness  —  Sweet  Flag.  291. 

Flattery  —  Venus's  Looking-glass.  310. 


Folly  —  Columbir 


93- 


P'opper Y  —  Cockscomb,  92. 
Foresight — Holly,  159. 
Forgiveness  —  Alovsia,  9. 
Formality  —  Ice  Plant,  169. 
Fortitude — English  Moss,  125. 
Frankness  —  Basket  Osier,  228. 
Friendship  —  Rose  Acacia,  1. 
Future  happiness  —  Celandine,  78. 

Gaiety- Butterflv  Orchis,  (,2. 


Good  nature  —  Mullein,  214 
Goodness  —  Mallow,  198. 
Good  wishes — Sweet  Basil, 
Gossip  —  Cobiea.  91. 
Glorious  beauty  —  Cli.mtlui 
Glory  —  Laurel,  1S3. 
Gr.\ce  —  Fuchsia,  142. 
Grandeur  —  Ash,  28. 
Gratitude  —  Canterbury  Bel 
Greatness  —  Cotton  Plant,  9 
Grief— Aloe,  8. 


Happy  at  all  times — Coreopsis,  94. 

Hardihood  —  Cranberry,  99. 

Health  —  Fir  Balsam,  136. 

Heroism  —  Nasturtium,  218. 

Hidden  qualities — Sweet  Potato,  292. 

High-bred —  Pentstenion,  236. 

Holy  love  —  Passion  Flower.  233. 

Home — Eglantine,  121. 

Honesty  —  Honesty,  160. 

Honesty-  true  nobility  —  Dogwood,  1 16. 

Honor  —  Oak,  221. 

Humility  —  Broom,  55. 

Hypocrisy  — Bugloss,  58. 

I   AM  THY   PRISONER Catchfly,   76. 

I  AM  YOUR  CAPTIVE  —  Peach  Blossom,  235. 
I  DIE  IF  neglected  —  Laurestine.  184. 
I  CHANGE  not  —  Globe  Amaranth.  12. 
I  LIVE  FOR  THEE  —  Red  Cedar,  77. 
Immortality'  —  Amaranth.  1 1. 
Impatience — Balsamine.  41. 
Impatience  —  Cuphea.  103. 
Imperial  power — Crown  Imperial.  102 
Indecision — Bulrush,  59. 
Indifference  —  Mustard.  216. 
Industry  —  Clover,  90. 
Infatuation  —  Cardamine.  73. 
Ingratitude —  Ranunculus,  257. 
Injustice  —  Hop,  162. 
Innocence  —  Dwarf  Pink.  iiS. 
Innocence  and  beauty  —  Daisy.  109. 
Inspir.\tion  —  Angelica.  19. 
In.stinct — Pitcher  Plant,  244. 
Intellect  —  Walnut,  315. 
Intoxication  —  Baccharis.  35. 
Intri.nsic  worth  —  Gentian.  143. 
Intrusion  —  Bouncing  Bess.  53. 
I  reject  you  —  Black  Hoaihound,  50. 
I  respect  thy  tears — B:i\  berry,  44. 
I  will  think  of  it  —  Singh-  Lhiiia  .\ster. 


•^^^Ss*- 


I  VALUE  YOUR  SYMPATHY  —  Wild  Balm,  39. 
Jealousy  —  Hyacinth,  166. 
Jesting  —  Southernwood,  279. 
Justice  —  Rudbeckia,  267. 
Justice  to  you  —  Tussilago,  307. 

Keep  your  promises  —  Petunia,  2yj. 
Kxight-erraxtry  —  Monkshood,  211. 

Labor — Broom  Corn,  56. 
Lasting  friendship  —  Ivy,  174. 
Let  me  heal  thy  grief —  Arnica,  26. 
Levity  —  Larkspur,  182. 
Lightning  —  Pomegranate,  247. 
LiGHT-HEARTEDNESS  —  Shamrock,  274. 
Lofty  THOUGHTS — Sunflower,  290. 
Love  —  Myrtle,  217. 
Loveliness  —  Austrian  Rose,  260. 
Love  OF  NATURE  —  Magnolia,  197. 
Lovers'  tryst —  Beech,  45. 
Luxury  —  Horse  Chestnut,  163. 

Malevolence  —  Lobelia,  193. 

Marriage  —  Citron,  S7. 

AL\trimony  —  American  Linden,  16. 

Medicine  —  Endive,  124. 

Meekness  with  dignity  —  Plumbago,  245. 

Melancholy  —  Weeping  Willow,  317. 

Memory  —  Syringa,  296. 

Mental  beauty  —  Kennedya,  17S. 

Mercy  —  Chamomile,  79. 

Merit  —  Coriander,  95. 

Merit  before  beauty  —  Alvssum,  10. 

Mirth — Pimpernel,  242. 

Misanthropy  —  Teasel,  29S. 

Modesty  —  Violet,  312. 

Necessity  —  Mermaid  Weed,  207. 
Night — Ebenaster,  120. 
Nobility  — Queen  of  the  prairie,  254. 
Novelty  —  Calceolaria,  66. 

Obstacles  to  be  overcome  —  Mistletoe.  21 
Offense  —  Stapelia,  284. 
Opinion  — Escallonia,  126. 
Opportunity  —  Phaseolus,  240. 
Obliging  disposition  —  Valerian,  30S. 

Painting —  Auricula,  ^3. 
Parental  affection  — Oxalis,  230. 
Patriotism  —  American  Elm,  15. 
Peace  — Olive,  225. 
Perfect  goodness  —  Strawberr\-,  2S7. 
Perfect  loveliness  —  Camellia,  69. 


Persecution  — -.  Fritillaria,  141. 
Perseverance  —  Canary  Grass,  70. 
Philanthropy  —  Melilot,  206. 
Philosophy  —  Pine,  243. 
Pleasure  —  Loasa,  192. 
Politeness  —  Ageratum,  4. 
Praise  — Queen  of  the  Meadow,  253. 
Preference  —  Apple  Blossom,  21. 
Preferment  —  Cardinal  Flower,  74 
Presumption  —  Snapdragon,  275. 
Pride  —  Amaryllis,  13. 
Pride  befriend  me  —  Tiger  Flower,  303. 
Promptitude  —  Matthiola,  202. 
Prodigality —  Aristolochia,  25. 
Prosperity  —  Neinophila,  219. 
Providence  —  Oleaster,  224. 
Proximity  undesirable — Burdock,  60. 
Prudent  economy  —  Chicory,  82. 
Purification  —  Hyssop,  i6S. 
Purity  —  Lily,  189. 

Quick-sightedness  —  Hawkweed,  152. 

Ready  armed  —  Gladiolus,  145. 

Reciprocity  —  Star  Flower,  285. 

Reconciliation  —  Star  of  Bethlehem,  2S6. 

Remembered  beyond  the  tomb  —  Asphodel,.3i. 

Remembrance  —  Rosemary,  264. 

Repentance  —  Rue,  268. 

Repose  —  Morning  Glory,  212. 

Reproof  — Euphorbia,  129. 

Reserve  —  Rock  Maple,  199. 

Resistance  —  Tansy,  297. 

Retirement  —  Lake-flower,  iSo. 

Return  of  happiness  —  Lily  of  the  \'alley.  190, 

Riches  —  Wheat,  318. 

Rigor —  Lantana,  181. 

Rivalry  —  Rocket,  259. 

Rumor  —  Mayweed,  204. 

Secrecy  — White  Rose,  266. 

Sensibility  —  Verbena,  311. 

Sculpture  —  Hoya,  16.;. 

Shame  —  Paeony,  231. 

Single  blessedness—  Bachelor's  Button.  36. 

Simplicity  —  Arbutus,  23. 

Slander  —  Nettle,  220. 

Sleep  —  Opium  Poppy,  24S. 

Slighted  affections  —  Chrysanthemum.  85. 

Solitude  —  Heath,  153. 

Sorcery-  —  Enchanter's  Nightshade,  123. 

Sorrow  —  Cypress,  106. 

Sorrow  —  Yew,  324. 


SORROWFLL  XEMEMBRAXCES  —  Adonis,  3. 

Splendor  —  Sumach,  28S. 

Star  of  my  existence — Chickwecd,  Si. 

Stoicism —  Box,  54. 

Stratagem — Sweet  William,  J94. 

ScccESS  —  Summer  Savory,  2S9. 

Success  crown  your  wishes  —  Coronilla,  97. 

Suspense  —  Ipomopsis,  172. 

Sweets  to  the  sweet  —  Daphne,  1 1 1. 

Sympathy  —  Thrift,  30:. 

Sympathetic  feeling  —  Bahn  of  Gilead,  40. 

'I'alkini; —  Rosebav,  J6i. 

Tears  —  Helenium,  154. 

Temperance  —  Azalea.  34. 

Temptation  —  Apricot,  2J. 

Time  —  Four-o-clock,  139. 

Thankfulness  —  Agrimony,  v 

Thine  till  death — American  Arbor  ^'ita;,  14. 

Thoughts  in  absence  —  Zinnia,  326. 

Thoughts  OF  heaven  —  Snowball.  276. 

Threats  —  Rose-leaved  Rubus,  J63. 

Transient  happiness  —  Spiderwort.  2S1. 

Transient  beauty — Night-blooming  Cactus,  64. 

Trifling  beauty  —  Flower-of-an-Hour,  138. 

I'nanimity  —  I'hlox,  24 1. 

Understanding  —  White  Walnut,  319. 


;ate  attachment^> — Mourning  Bride, 


L"tility  — Gr 


14S. 


Variety  —  Portulaca,  249. 
Vice  — Darnel,  lu. 
Vicissitude  —  Locust,  194. 
Virtue  —  Mint,  209. 
Vivacity  —  Houseleek,  164. 
Voluptuousness  —  Tuberose,  305. 
Voraciousness  —  Lupine,  196. 

War  —  Yarrow,  3J3. 
Wit  — Ragged  Robin,  256. 
Witchery  —  Witch  Hazel,  321. 
Woodland  beauty  —  Sycamore.  295. 
Worth  above  beauty  —  Corn  Cockle.  96. 
Worthy  all  praise  —  Fennel,  132. 

Vou  EXCITE  my  curiosity  —  Molucca  Balm.  37. 
Vou  PLE.\SE  all  —  Currant,  104. 
YoiR  EYES  ARE  BEWITCHING  —  Evebriglit,  131 
Your  qualities  surpass  your  charms— Mil; 

nonette,  20S. 
You  TERRIFY  me  —  Snake  Cactus,  65. 
YoiTH  —  Primrose,  2-^1. 

Youthful  recollections  —  Dandelion,  no. 
Zeal  —  Elder,  122. 


v«S# 


?3as9 


ife^ 


424 


i3  '^D 


